Lunar and Planetary Institute



4 session 4 THURSDAY July 28 2011website for later Moon from USGS strategiesIf a student doesn’t participate in an inquiry activity, how do you cope?Inquiry has challenges to keep all students on track.Inquiry is cool but if the student is not motivated with the activity—make it meaningfulSome students don’t know how to start—helpProcesses needed that model scientific method so they see what is neededSometimes it’s the A student who feels uncomfortable not being given the exact instructions. The distracted student often manages well . . .Define roles specificallyHave small groups so each are needed to participateRemove from activity so they are not disrupting the groupSome take over the activity—Bring in speakers—personal trainer . . . etc.Reality40, 40, 4040 days for test40 months for college40 for life . . .BrianKate KinsellaNote-taking scaffoldVocab strategiesTerm: Definitionstudents give example and/or image for ellACTIVITY (from tab 4)How can radar “see”?Polarized glasses OR 3-D glasses (from Rainbow Symphony)Any vehicle windshield or windowDiscover polarizationMini RF uses circular polarizationIntroduce students to properties of light waves and understand radarReview ems (electromagnetic spectrum)and relate to mini RFRecallMEMORY curve*****google memory curve or memory retentionrepeat reminder reinforces memory1 : 10 : 30 : 60 day remindersWhat instruments use different frequency waves from the regions in the electromagnetic spectrum?Science Hack solid YouTube YouTubeTeacherTubeWebelementsSong about ems on YouTubeUse of the regions****Radio – Naiontal weather service broadcasting activity am in the pmAM, FM/ shortwave, etc(sun is radio source but at night you can pick up longer/distant sourcesbounce off atmosphere—more reception over night)Microwave - - microwave ovens, RadarIR heaters, remote control, heat sensor , Super8 night vision, night-vision goggles (some are light boosted) some apps for phone are just colored filtersVisible eye, camera, telescopeUV produced by the Sun, goggle sanitizer, bug lights, UV beads, nail polish dryerX-rays customGamma Incredible hulk!, black hole as transmitter, cancer treatmentRadio waves difference from lightLonger wavelengths—longer distance between the crest of the waves (light waves can be seen by the human eye)Lower EPass through cloudsPass through objects (walls)Nylon rope to demonstrate wavesEnergy of wave = energy to displace the ropeFrequency = time to travel a distanceEnergy travels fasterVibrates quickerLight DOES NOT WIGGLE!(alternating fields in electricity and magnetism not met till college= electric and magnetic wave BOTH oscillating at the same timeDominoes—spaced too far apart to knock each other apartThen alternate (combining the 2 sets of dominoes) they will knock each other over –simulates waves==electro magnetic spectrumhow many waves pass a given point in an interval—wave has more energy and can be dangerous X and gamma rays affect cells and are dangerousWhat I know—add to the W section of KWLRADARRadio Detecting and RangingUsed for remote sensingWeather detection, passes through cloudsView earth from Space Mount Pinatubo pics in radar in FALSE COLORSees vegetation, lava flows and mud flowsFalse color: can’t see radar with eyes. We tell the computer to assign colors at particular frequencies and how much is returned.Hubble Space Telescope—Orion NebulaStudents expect to see the color in the same way HST does—but see fuzzy white patch. Allows us to see features that our eyes cannot pick out.Allows us to make sense of what we see.Vertically and horizontally polarized.What do you know ?Polaroid camera . . . polarizing sunglassesLight source in multiple directionsPolarization filters it in one direction. WRONG: filtering makes sense at a certain level2 filters block BUT a third between allows light to pass—so not filteringVibrations in one direction{polarization is about directionality/orientation}way in which the e/m wave oscillates a it travels along—horizontally OR verticallycan filter out waves in a particular directionBenefits are: removes glare on objects (fishermen looking into water, 3-D movies, photography)Ansell Adams used polarizing filter to darken the sky b/w and brighter blue in colorWave oscillates in a circle (corkscrew)Mini RF sends light down and receives returnACTIVITY using polarizing filters with partnerHow do they reduce the amount of light passing through themLook at different features, reflections. May notice subtle differencesWith 2nd setPut on top of each other (and reverse)Rotate one by 90oLight between 2 = zeroWhy?(Filtering both horizontal and vertical)Light reflected by shiny, transparent material is partly or fully polarizedSun through picket fence, some light blockedOUTSIDELook at reflected light off parked car—window—tinted windows of buildingCompare how things differ, how you see differentlyStress or strain on windowsNOTE orientation to the Sun . . .Car window checker-board patternStressing tempered glass allows it to behave as a grating changes horizontal to verticalRotating made it lighter or darkerFilter through cloudsWikipedia polarization and polarizing filtersLight travels out in all directions in all polarizationsPhoton travels in waveThe energy is traveling in waveFilter absorb some wavelengthsEnergy absorbed and should become warmer but convection lossMore absorbed by glass and radiated outTriple pane in glass in house reflects light (heat energy)Windows stop IR being radiated out of car, so car heats upGlass opaque (relatively) to IRLight reflects off waterClear light bulb and CD case as light reflected off at angle will get effectsReflection of sunlight from cell phoneMini RF connectionTransmits a microwave pulse to the Moon and measures the reflected energyTransmits circular polarized radar—receives horizontally and vertically polarized lightCircular pattern in one directionMini RF notes if there is a change in the reflected amounts—is the surface rough or smoothImage shows mini RF over visible image—lighter mini RF strip shows lots of reflectionUses:NASA’s Mission page NASA Education Horizons to PlutoMESSENGER to MercuryCRISM on board Mars explorationSTEREO2 probes Sun in 3-DIn same Earth orbit bit one ahead of Earth, one behind SunHelio-physicsTIMED Last frontier in upper atmosphere—cooling at t greater rateCO2 captures greenhouse gases and releases themOlder mission no ed materialsOther gases oppositeThunderclouds have cap at a certain level, some escapes from higher levels, NEAR where ed startedOrbit and land on asteroidRadiation belt storm probes belt modelCheck the websiteFor workshops+ internship programs for college students grant PLUS stipendMoon, minerals and magnetism (presented at NSTA)Backward faded scaffolded activity+ student sheetInvestigating the Moon ACTIVITY Christine mapElevation, reliefFar side higher except for basinBlue NOT water/oceansBack too GIS, map has been made rectangular rather than circular—shows landing sitesTool bar has different mapsMove with Zoom with +Zoom out with - or use the magnifying glasses o the top menu barGradicule map: gives GRID LINES 30o apart starts at Equator in middle and 0 (prime meridian is the middle of the near side)Bottom latitude = -90Top goes to +30Where did astronauts land?, close to 0, 0Search attributes functionName a feature+ how many craters on the near side compared to far sideassign grid #s and let pairs check # craterscraters you can see when you zoom in TWICE1: 54 mill . . .How do you count the partially covered craters?App Microsoft photosymLook 360o sphere as a flat image and you can see the distortion—Do you exclude the poles, which are distorted (mercatorial distortion)?Sources of errorWhat were you counting as craters? Dots, large feint, etc?Move on to another research questionWhich side of the moon has more iron in its crust?GO TO iage basesGO TO Clementine derivedGO TO FeOResearch Q 3How is amount of iron related to height?Show site (you are already familiar with the moon), asked questions, brainstormed ideas and then looked at the answers2nd research Q let us work out how to investigate FeONow have t derive our own question—NOT a WHY question because hard to derive PAREHow many in this region?Etc.Brainstorm q and then seek answers . . .Iron oxide vs titanium oxide on the Moon.Which covers the larger surface area?Hypothesize why.Intern program for high schoolersFreeProvides authentic researchDistance learning via illuminate—after school hours . . . (Time zones)Archive materialCommunicate with peersOnline bulletin boardLunar landformsGeologic mapsRadar-remote sensingPick a site for visitingRank the 50 sitesData ................
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