Lab Science Name



ABO – Rh Blood Typing Laboratory

PSI Biology Name____________________________________

Objective

Students will simulate blood typing to identify the ABO and Rh blood types of four simulated blood samples. Students will understand the importance of blood type identification and its uses.

Materials

Blood typing slides

Four unknown simulated blood vials

Vials of anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh sera

Blue, yellow, and white mixing sticks or toothpicks

Time Requirements:

Pre-lab prep (For teachers): approx. 20min

Lab activity: 30-40 min.

Procedure

1. Obtain one vial of synthetic blood and place a drop in each well of the blood typing slide. Replace the cap on the blood vial. Make sure not to touch the tip of the vial to any surface to avoid contaminating the sample.

2. Add one drop of synthetic anti-A serum to the well labelled “A”. Replace the cap on the vial. Avoid touching the synthetic blood or any other surface with the tip of the anti-serum vial. Doing so will contaminate your serum and this will affect not only your results but it will affect everyone else’s results as well.

3. Add one drop of synthetic anti-B serum to the well labelled “B”. Replace the cap on the vial. Follow the same precautions as in #2.

4. Add one drop of synthetic anti-Rh serum to the well labelled Rh. Replace the cap on the vial. Follow the same precautions as in #2.

5. Using different colored mixing sticks for each well, gently stir the contents in each well (one at a time) for 30 seconds. DO NOT USE THE SAME STICK TO MIX MORE THAN ONE WELL. Doing so will contaminate your results. Discard the mixing sticks in the trash once you are done.

6. Examine the contents in each well. If the liquid remains unchanged, no agglutination has taken place (- result). If the contents appear granular, agglutination has occurred (+ result). Determine the blood type of the blood sample and record your results in Table 1. A positive agglutination reaction indicates the blood type.

7. Rinse the blood typing tray and dry it. Repeat steps 1-6 for the three other sample of blood by testing each one one at a time. Make sure to record data in the correct column if you are not testing the blood samples in order.

Table 1

| |Sample 1 |Sample 2 |Sample 3 |Sample 4 |

|Anti-A | | | | |

|Anti-B | | | | |

|Rh | | | | |

|Blood Type | | | | |

Analysis

1. For each of the given blood types, indicate the expected agglutination results when blood is mixed with each antibody:

|Blood Type |Anti-A |Anti-B |Anti-Rh |

|A+ | | | |

|A- | | | |

|B+ | | | |

|B- | | | |

|AB+ | | | |

|AB- | | | |

|O+ | | | |

|O- | | | |

2. A store is broken into in the middle of the night and the safe is stolen. The thief apparently cut him/herself on a piece of broken glass. You are a CSI and forensic expert called to the scene of the crime. You test a sample of the thief’s blood and find it to be O-. In the meantime, the police arrest a suspect not too far from the crime scene. The suspect has a cut on his hand. You obtain a sample of the suspect’s blood and test it. You add anti-A serum to the blood and you immediately know that the suspect is not the person whose blood was found at the crime scene. How do you know this?

3. Suppose when you test the suspects blood, that it does not agglutinate when tested with anti-A or anti-B but it does when tested with anti-Rh. Would this connect this suspect to the blood found at the crime scene? Explain your answer.

4. Two brothers have type O+ and type O- blood respectively. Their sister has AB+ blood. Assuming they have the same parents, what are the possible genotypes their parents?

5. Why is O- blood considered the “universal donor”?

Teacher notes:

Pre-Lab Prep:

This lab is best done by using a simulated blood typing kit purchased from a vendor. There are many different ones. Carolina Biological Supply has excellent kits and activities related to this lab.

Set up an area containing the vials of synthetic blood and antisera, blood typing slides, mixing sticks and anything else they need to complete this lab activity. Before the lab, it may be a good idea to review the blood groups and their agglutination reactions with the students.

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