Mental Math - Prince Edward Island
Mental Math
Fact Learning Mental Computation
Estimation
Grade 1 Teacher's Guide
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2008
Table of Contents
Mental Math in the Elementary Mathematics Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Definitions and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Introducing Thinking Strategies to Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Practice and Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Timed Tests of Basic Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Parents and Guardians: Partners in Developing Mental Math Skills . . . . 13 Pre-operational Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Patterned Set Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Part-Part-Whole Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Ten-Frame Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Other Number Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 One More/One Less and Two More/Two Less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Next Number and Counting On and Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Fact Learning - Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Thinking Strategies for Addition Fact Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Doubles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Plus 1 Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Plus 2, Plus 3 Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Using Five-Frames and Ten-Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Model Numbers on a Five-Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Visualize Combinations on a Five-Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Random Numbers on a Five-Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Ten-Frame Flash Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Ten-Frame Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Empty Ten-Frame Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Fact Learning ? Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Subtraction as "Think Addition" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Ten-Frame Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Counting Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Subtraction Facts With Minuends to 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Mental Computation - Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Adding 10 to a Single-Digit Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Developing the Concept With 2-Part Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Developing the Concept With Ten-Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Appendixes Thinking Strategies in Mental Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Scope and Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
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