PHYSIOLOGY – METABOLISM



PHYSIOLOGY – METABOLISM

1. Basal metabolic rate of the average human is:

A. 500 kcal/day

B. 1000 kcal/day

C. 1500 kcal/day

D. 2000 kcal/day

E. 2500 kcal/day

2. Metabolic rate can be affected by:

A. Thyroid hormone

B. Catecholamines

C. Body temperature

D. Food ingested

E. All of the above

3. Which of the following is FALSE?

A. Basal metabolic rate is lower in female than male

B. Depressed patient has lower basal metabolic rate

C. Children have smaller relative basal metabolic rate

D. Basal metabolic rate increases 14% for each celcius degree of fever

E. Basal caloric requirement of the average adult is 2000 kcal/day.

4. Which of the following regarding ATP is TRUE?

A. Hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP releases 10-12 kcal.

B. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the cytoplasm

C. Rate of oxidative phosphorylation is only limited by the availability of oxygen.

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

5. Which of the following regarding carbohydrate metabolism is INCORRECT?

A. Glucokinase is only present in liver

B. Both hexokinase & glucokinase are stimulated by insulin

C. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate & lactate

D. Most abundant stores of glycogen is in muscle & liver

E. None of the above

6. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Adrenaline stimulates phosphorylase, leading to increased blood glucose & lactate

B. Glucagon causes hyperglycemia without increased blood lactate

C. Glucose-6-phosphatase is only found in the liver & muscle

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

7. Which of the following regarding glucose is INCORRECT?

A. Renal threshold for glucose is reached when venous glucose level reaches 180mg/dL.

B. Normal fasting glucose is 3.9-6.1 mmol/dL

C. Glycosuria only occurs in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

D. Maximal glucose absorption from the intestine occurs at 120g/hr.

E. All of the above

8. During exercise:

A. (glycogenolysis in muscle & liver

B. ( plasma insulin

C. ( plasma glucagon

D. ( plasma adrenaline

E. All of the above

9. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Brain utilize 70% of glucose in the body at rest

B. Red cells uses 20-30% of glucose in the body at rest

C. 5% of ingested glucose is converted to hepatic glycogen

D. Resting muscle uses fatty acid as substrate for metabolism

E. All of the above

10. Which of the following regarding protein turnover is FALSE?

A. Turnover rate of endogenous protein is 80-100mg/day.

B. Highest turnover rate of protein occurs in muscle

C. Most filtered amino acids in kidney are reabsorped.

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

11. Which of the following is glucogenic amino acid?

A. Leucine

B. Isoleucine

C. Phenylalanine

D. Alanine

E. Tyrosine

12. Increased uric acid level does NOT occur in:

A. AMI

B. Pneumonia

C. Leukaemia

D. Thiazide diuretics

E. Renal disease

13. Negative nitrogen balance occurs in:

A. Immobilization

B. Starvation

C. (corticosteroid

D. (insulin

E. All of the above

14. Excretion of the following substance does NOT reduce in starvation:

A. Urea

B. Uric acid

C. Creatinine

D. Etheral sulfate

E. All of the above

15. Prolonged starvation in non-diabetic man is NOT characterized by:

A. Ketosis

B. Hypoglycemia

C. Glycogen depletion

D. Protein catabolism

E. None of the above

16. Which of the following is FALSE?

A. Saturated fats does not possess any double bonds

B. Desaturated fats are dehydrogenated fat with double bonds

C. β deoxidation of fatty acid is the only source of acetyl coA

D. Long chain fatty acids must be bound to carnitine to enter mitochondria for β oxidation.

E. Catabolism of 1 mole of 6-carbon fatty acid yields 44 moles ATP.

17. Ketone bodies are found in:

A. Liver

B. Kidney

C. Fat cells

D. Muscle

E. All of the above

18. Which of the following ketone bodies is NOT anions of acids

A. Acetoacetate

B. β hydroxybutyrate

C. Acetone

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

19. Which of the following is FALSE?

A. Acetone is excreted via respiratory & renal route

B. Ketone bodies are metabolized in liver normally

C. Ketone bodies accumulates as entry of acetic acid into the Kreb cycle is reduced

D. In intracellular glucose depletion, fatty liver results

E. Carbohydrate is antiketogenic

20. Ketosis occurs during:

A. Starvation

B. Diabetes mellitus

C. High fat, low carbohydrate diet

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

21. Brown fat:

A. is found in infants & adults

B. has a sympathetic innervation

C. contain increased amount of mitochondria

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

22. Lipoprotein lipase:

A. is found on the endothelial surface of capillary only

B. activity increases in feeding

C. activity reduces with stress

D. is not controlled by β adrenergic nerve

E. All of the above

23. Elevated cholesterol occurs with:

A. Hyperthyroidism

B. Hyperoestrogenemia

C. Diabetes mellitus

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

24. Which of the following pairing of mineral deficiency & their effects is CORRECT?

A. Iron deficiency – anaemia

B. Cobalt deficiency – megaloblastic anaemia

C. Zinc deficiency – depressed immune system & healing

D. Chromium deficiency – insulin resistence

E. All of the above

25. Acute vitamin A toxicity causes:

A. Headache

B. Diarrhoea

C. Dizziness

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

ANSWERS:

1. D 6. D 11. D 16. C 21. D

2. E 7. C 12. A 17. A 22. E

3. C 8. E 13. E 18. C 23. C

4. A 9. E 14. C 19. B 24. E

5. B 10. B 15. B 20. D 25. D

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