THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK

THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK

Hon. Corey Johnson Speaker of the Council

Hon. Ydanis Rodriguez Chair, Committee on Transportation

Report of the Finance Division on the Calendar Year 2019 Adopted Budget

for the

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

March 14, 2019

Finance Division John Basile, Financial Analyst

Chima Obichere, Unit Head

Latonia McKinney, Director Regina Poreda Ryan, Deputy Director

Nathan Toth, Deputy Director Paul Scimone, Deputy Director

Finance Division Briefing Paper

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

Table of Contents

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................1 MTA Structure .......................................................................................................................................................1 MTA Budget Overview ..........................................................................................................................................3 Potential Budget Risks.........................................................................................................................................10 Personal Services Costs .......................................................................................................................................12 Capital Program...................................................................................................................................................14

MTA Financial Operations...............................................................................................................................16 MTA Financial Plan 2019-2022 .......................................................................................................................17 New York City Transit Authority..........................................................................................................................18 The MTA Bus Company (MTABC)........................................................................................................................21 MTA Staten Island Railway (SIR) .........................................................................................................................22

Finance Division Briefing Paper

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

Introduction

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA or Authority) is the largest transportation system in the United States, serving approximately 2.7 billion passengers each year. With an average subway weekday ridership of 6 million riders, it is one of the only public transportation systems in the world that runs 24 hours per day on every day of the year.

This report will discuss and examine issues and highlights within the MTA's current budget, outline challenges within the plan, and provide an explanation of how the MTA is structured.

MTA Structure

The MTA was established under the New York State Public Authorities Law in 1965 as a public benefit corporation. The Authority has responsibility for developing and implementing a unified public transportation policy for New York City and the seven New York metropolitan-area counties of Dutchess, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Suffolk and Westchester.

The Authority carries out these responsibilities through its subsidiary and affiliate entities that include the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) and its subsidiary, the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA); the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority (SIRTOA); the Long Island Rail Road Company (LIRR); the Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company (MNR); the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA); the MTA Bus Company; and the MTA Capital Construction Company. Another affiliate of the MTA, the former Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), which is now called the MTA Bridges and Tunnels (B&T), is empowered to construct and operate toll bridges and tunnels and other public facilities in New York City. The revenues from all authorities and subsidiaries support the organization as a whole.1

1 Based on a request by Nassau County, in April 2011 the MTA Board approved a resolution authorizing Nassau County to transition its bus and paratransit services to a private operator on or before January 1, 2012. As a result, the MTA's calendar year 2018 financial plan excludes it from all budget forecasts (revenue, expenses, cash, subsidies, and headcount).

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Finance Division Briefing Paper MTA

NYCTA

LIRR

Metro-North

Metropolitan Suburban Bus

Authority MTA Bus Company

MTA Capital Construction

Bridges and Tunnels

Metropolitan Transportation Authority Staten Island Rail

MaBTOA

Governance/MTA Board The MTA Board consists of a Chairperson and 16 other voting members, two non-voting members, and four alternate non-voting members, all of whom are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the State Senate. Members are appointed by the Governor, with four recommended by New York City's mayor and one each by the county executives of Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, Dutchess, Orange, Rockland, and Putnam counties (the members representing the latter four cast one collective vote). The other voting members, including the Chairperson, cast one vote each (except in the event of a tie when the Chairperson is allowed one additional vote).

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Finance Division Briefing Paper

Total annual ridership: 2.7 billion people

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

Avg weekday subway

ridership: 6 million

Ridership

357 miles of rail, subway,

and bus lines/routes

8,889 rail and subway cars

5,725 buses

2,080 track miles

Transportation

2,952 bus route miles

736 rail and subway stations

MTA Budget Overview

The MTA's budget is unique within the City's budget process because it is a State-controlled agency and operates on a calendar year, rather than the City's fiscal year. The MTA Board approved its 2019 Budget on December 12, 2018, which means that the Preliminary Budget does not impact the adoption of the Authority's budget.

The 2019 Budget adopted by the MTA board includes a four-year financial plan for calendar years 2019 -2022. The Authority issued a Preliminary Budget in July 2018 for public review and comment before issuing a Final Budget in late November that was presented to the MTA Board for a vote on December 12, 2018. Highlights of the Adopted Plan include a MetroCard fare and toll increase, maintaining major investments from the July Plan (including implementation of Subway Action Plan funded from Phase 1 of Congestion Pricing surcharge on For-Hire Vehicles), and recognition of a need for additional recurring revenue.

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Finance Division Briefing Paper

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

For Calendar Year 2019, expenses total approximately $16.7 billion and are funded through a combination of revenues, including $6.4 billion from farebox revenue.

MTA Revenue Sources - $16.7 Billion Dollars in Millions

Farebox Revenue - 38% Dedicated Taxes - 36%

Toll Revenue - 12% State & Local Subsidies - 7%

Other Revenue - 4% Other - 3%

$2,045 $1,252 $705 $429

$6,322 $5,996

Subway Action Plan The Subway Action Plan (SAP) is a two-phase initiative launched by the MTA on July 25, 2017, under the direction of the Governor, to address the persistent problem of train delays, breakdowns, and overcrowding that have beset the Authority in the last few years. As proposed by the Authority, the SAP will address key drivers of 79 percent of service delays. Phase I calls for approximately $1.8 billion over five years and Phase II calls for an additional $8 billion in capital investments to repair the subway's tracks, signals, stations, and cars.

In March 2018, New York State's Fiscal 2019 Enacted Budget included State funding of $418 million and mandated that the City contribute the same amount to support the MTA Subway Action Plan. The City is contributing $418 million, including $164 million in capital funds, in the City's Fiscal 2019 Budget to support the SAP program. The funding will support 1,480 positions in 2018, 1,249 positions in 2019, and 1,229 positions in the outyears. The MTA November Plan restores the level of the SAP to its originally intended investment of $836 million, $508 million for operating expenses, reflecting the impact of legislation that has NYS and NYC splitting SAP's initial startup costs equally. The remaining $964 million of Phase I funding will be financed through other means, including the State's phase 1 congestion pricing proposal (FHV Congestion Pricing).

The Subway Action Plan is divided into six categories

? Track/Infrastructure. Under this category, the agency will launch an emergency water management initiative; clean tracks between underground stations; eliminate backlog, accelerate repairs, and install seamless track; increase production capacity and installation of welded rail; improve incident response; augment the number of Combined Action Teams; and increase work train availability.

? Signals. For signals, the MTA plans to expedite the modernization of 1,300 signals considered to be the most problematic.

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Finance Division Briefing Paper

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

? Power. This category will support the Power Improvement Plan, led by the New York State Public Service Commission, which will ensure reliability and provide a consistent supply of power.

? Car Equipment. The Plan includes expanding overhaul capacity; sustaining 24/7 repair and maintenance shifts; elevating protocol on subway door inspections and repairs; increasing the number of Emergency Subway Car Response Teams; upgrading subway car interiors; adding subway cars; and increasing ridership capacity.

? Stations. For stations, the Authority will repaint and repair tile and service elevators and escalators and conduct deep cleaning.

? Safety/Communications/Other. Actions under this category include reducing illegal activity in stations; launching a public awareness campaign; enhancing the Homeless Outreach Program; increasing the number of dedicated Emergency Medical Technician teams (pilot program); overhauling communication systems; and launching a new integrated MTA application.

The below charts illustrate the funding breakdown between the operating and capital costs of Phase I of the SAP program.

Subway Action Plan - Operating Costs Dollars in Millions

Car Equipment - 33% Track/Infrastructure - 22% Communications/Other - 22%

Stations - 18% Signals - 4% Power - 1%

$66 $14

$320 $313 $264

$474

Subway Action Plan - Capital Costs Dollars in Millions

Car Equipment - 50%

Power - 22%

$78

Track/Infrastucture -15%

$52

Signals - 10%

$34

Other - 3%

$9

$175

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Finance Division Briefing Paper

Metropolitan Transportation Authority

MetroCard Fare Increases The Adopted Plan includes biennial fare increases of four percent net in 2019 and 2021 (two percent annual increases). The annualized yield of the increase is projected to be $316 million in 2019, a decrease of 1.6 percent from the July Plan estimate, and $321 million in 2021, a four percent decrease from the July Plan estimate. This decrease in projected farebox revenue is the result of a decline in ridership, which the MTA attributes to fare evasion, app-based For-Hire Vehicles, an increase in ecommerce popularity, and an increase of individuals working from home.

The Board presented two options for the new fare increase. The first would keep the single-ridership base fare at $2.75 but eliminate monetary bonuses on MetroCards. The second option would increase the base fare of single rides to $3.00 and include a 10 percent bonus increase to purchased MetroCards. In addition, 7-Day and 30-Day Unlimited MetroCards would increase $1 and $6 dollars, respectively. On February 27, 2019, the MTA Board approved a fare increase that keeps the base fare at $2.75, eliminates monthly bonuses, and increases 7- and 30-Day MetroCards by $1 and $6 dollars, respectively. The increases will take effect on April 1, 2019. Delaying this biennial fare increase to March 2020 would have resulted in a revenue reduction of approximately $325 million every two years.

As indicated in the charts below, between 2008 and 2018, the price of single-ride MetroCards have increased by 38 percent while monthly MetroCards have increased by 52 percent.

Single Ride MetroCard Prices, 2008-2018 $3.00 $2.80 $2.60 $2.40 $2.20 $2.00

Unlimited Monthly MetroCard Prices, 2008-2018

$130.00 $120.00 $110.00 $100.00

$90.00 $80.00

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

For-Hire Vehicle Surcharge The State's Fiscal 2019 Adopted Budget included legislation to establish a surcharge on For-Hire Vehicle (FHV) trips (including app-based services such as Uber and Lyft) that begin, end, or pass through a congestion zone in Manhattan south of 96th Street, starting in 2019. The surcharge is anticipated to generate about $415 million in 2019 and $435 million annually in the outyears, providing $342 million in 2019, $301 million in 2020, and $300 million annually thereafter to maintain the level of effort started with the SAP; another $50 million is earmarked for outer borough transportation projects, and any remaining funds from the surcharge, currently expected to be $23 million in 2019 and $85 million annually thereafter, will be distributed directly to the MTA. As a result, the net impact is favorable to the MTA by $365 million in 2019 and $385 million per year starting in 2020.

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