Middle School Series #23 Packet 1 Tossups

Middle School Series #23 Packet 1

Questions

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1. This artist wonders "when I leave here on this earth, did I take more than I gave?" in his 2017 collaboration

with Skylar Grey, "Glorious." He described a third-grade experience with stereotypes in 2012's (*) "Same

Love." Ryan Lewis and--for 10 points--what rapper recorded the song "Thrift Shop"?

answer: Macklemore [MAK-lum-or] (or Ben(jamin Hammond) Haggerty; accept Professor Macklemore; accept

Macklemore & Ryan Lewis after "Lewis")

1. Founding members of this discipline included Rudolf Clausius [KLOW-zee-uss] and Sadi Carnot [sah-DEE "car-NO"]. For

10 points each--

A. Name this field of physics. Its "second law" states that the total disorder in the universe never decreases.

answer: thermodynamics (accept second law of thermodynamics)

B. Thermodynamics defines this quantity as a material's average kinetic energy. This quantity can be measured in

degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit ["FAIR-un-height"].

answer: temperature (prompt on "T")

C. On this third temperature scale, water freezes at 273.15 degrees. The minimum temperature on this scale is

absolute zero.

answer: Kelvin scale (prompt on "K")

2. This constellation contains the Horsehead Nebula and the brightest red supergiant ["super-giant"] in the night

sky. An asterism [AST-uh-RIZM] in this constellation is made up of Alnitak [AL-nih-tak], Alnilam [al-NIH-lam], and

Mintaka [min-TAH-kah]. (*) Rigel [RYE-jel] and Betelgeuse ["beetle-juice"] are in--for 10 points--what constellation in the

shape of a hunter wearing a "belt?"

answer: Orion [oh-RYE-un] 2. For 10 points each--answer the following about sequels and reboots from 2017:

A. A movie subtitled "Skull Island" featured this giant ape, who climbed the Empire State Building in a 1933 film.

answer: King Kong

B. The first spinoff of The Lego Movie ["LEG-oh movie"] was named after this characer voiced by Will Arnett [ar-NET].

answer: Batman (or Bruce Wayne; accept any underlined portion; accept The Lego Batman Movie)

C. Emma Watson played a French girl who fends off the advances of Gaston ["gas"-TAHN] in this live-action remake of

a 1991 Disney film.

answer: Beauty and the Beast

3. These objects have a rear slot called a nock. Zeno's [ZEE-noh'z] "fletcher's paradox" argues that one of these

objects can never be in motion. In ancient Greece, people were said to fall in love due to (*) golden objects of

this type wielded by Cupid. For 10 points--name these projectiles shot from bows.

answer: arrows (accept bolts or quarrels before "bows")

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3. Twin brothers competed to find the most favorable omens while arguing about where to build this city. For 10

points each--

A. Name this city founded by the brother of Remus [REE-muss].

answer: Rome (or Roma)

B. Remus and his brother Romulus [RAHM-yoo-luss] were the sons of Rhea Silvia [RAY-uh SIL-vee-uh] and this Roman deity.

answer: Mars (do not accept or prompt on "Ares")

C. After being abandoned as infants, Romulus and Remus were rescued by one of these animals, who fed the twins

her own milk.

answer: wolf (wolves or Canis lupus; accept she-wolf)

4. In this country, a "lion monument" lies in the cliffs surrounding Lake Lucerne [loo-SERN], which borders three

cantons ["CAN"-tunz]. This country's southern border with Italy extends through the (*) Matterhorn mountain.

Bern is the capital of--for 10 points--what Alpine ["AL-pine"] country whose most populous city is Z?rich [ZOO-rik]?

answer: Switzerland (or Swiss Confederation or Schweiz or Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft or Confederation

Suisse or Confederazione Svizzera or Confederaziun Svizra)

4. This man was serving as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles [uh-PAH-sulz] when Joseph Smith

died. For 10 points each--

A. Name this religious leader who succeeded Smith as head of an American church.

answer: Brigham Young

B. Young succeeded Smith as the leader of this religious movement.

answer: Mormonism (or Mormons or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS Church)

C. In 1851 Young became governor of this territory, where many Mormons had migrated.

answer: Utah (or Territory of Utah or Utah Territory; prompt on "Deseret") 5. Shortly before his death, this man organized the Poor People's Campaign with the SCLC ["S-C-L-C"]. He

declaimed "thank God almighty, we are free at last" while speaking at the (*) Lincoln Memorial during the

1963 March on Washington. For 10 points--what civil rights leader gave the "I Have a Dream" speech?

answer: Martin Luther King Jr. (or Michael King Jr.; accept MLK) 5. Pencil and paper ready. Consider the line y equals 3x plus 3. For 10 points each--

A. What is the value of b if the line passes through the point (4, b) ["four comma b"]?

answer: b = 15 (accept (4, 15)) [b = y = (3 ? 4) + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15]

B. What is the only quadrant of the plane that the graph of y equals 3x plus 3 does not pass through?

answer: fourth quadrant (or quadrant IV ["four"]) [In the fourth quadrant, x-values are positive and y-values are

negative, but for any positive value of x, y will also be positive.]

C. What is the slope of any line that is parallel to y equals 3x plus 3?

answer: 3 [The given line has a slope of 3, and parallel lines must have the same slope.]

6. Pencil and paper ready. Bob needs to find the length of each side of a square whose area is the same as a

rectangle whose width is 9 and whose length is 100. By computing the area of the rectangle, then taking the

square root, he computes (*) --for 10 points--what length of the square's sides?

answer: 30 [Ar = lw = 9 ? 100 = 900; As = s2 = 900, and s = sqrt(900) = 30] 6. The title character of this novel concludes "we must cultivate our garden." For 10 points each--

A. Name this novel that parodies the optimistic philosophy of Gottfried Leibniz ["GOT-freed" LYBE-nitz].

answer: Candide ["can-DEED"] (or Candide, or, Optimism or Candide, ou l'Optimisme)

B. This French author wrote Candide during the Enlightenment era.

answer: Voltaire [vohl-TAIR] (or Fran?ois-Marie Arouet [ah-roo-AY])

C. Candide visits this Portuguese city just after it has been struck by a devastating earthquake.

answer: Lisbon (or Lisboa or Lisbonne)

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7. Early in this novel, a rule is established that only the person holding a conch ["conk"] shell may talk during

group meetings. In this novel, glasses belonging to (*) Piggy are broken by the choirboy Jack. School-aged

children are stranded on an island in--for 10 points--what novel by William Golding?

answer: Lord of the Flies 7. For 10 points each--answer the following about "systems":

A. This president's assassination by Charles Guiteau [gih-TOH] led to the elimination of the "spoils system" by which

government jobs were awarded.

answer: James A(bram) Garfield [Guiteau had expected to be given a good job by Garfield's successor, Chester A.

Arthur, as a reward for helping Arthur to become president. Instead, Guiteau was executed.]

B. This party, led by Henry Clay, proposed the American System of "internal improvements" such as roads and

canals. Four presidents were members of this party, which died out by 1854.

answer: Whig Party or Whigs

C. This president advocated for the Interstate Highway System, which was later named after him. The law

authorizing the system passed in 1956, during his administration.

answer: Dwight D(avid) Eisenhower (accept Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense

Highways; prompt on "Ike")

8. In a documentary, this man is shown covering his computer with a blanket at a hotel in Hong Kong. To

secretly email the journalists Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras [POY-truss], this man used the alias (*)

"Citizenfour" ["citizen-four"]. For 10 points--name this former contractor who leaked documents from the NSA

["N-S-A"].

answer: Edward (Joseph) Snowden (or Ed Snowden) [Poitras's documentary about Snowden is titled Citizenfour.]

8. The H. L. Hunley was a vessel of this type. For 10 points each--

A. Name these ships that strike from underwater, and include the American George Washington class vessels.

answer: submarine(s) (accept subs)

B. These German submarines were used during World War I, most notably in the sinking of the Lusitania

[LOO-sih-TAY-nee-uh].

answer: U-Boat(s) (or U-boots or Unterseeboots)

C. During World War I, the U-Boat U-151 laid mines in this bay off Virginia that receives the Potomac [puh-TOH-muk]

River.

answer: Chesapeake ["CHESS-uh-peek"] Bay 9. One form of this element was isolated by Andre Geim [ghyme] and Konstantin Novoselov [nah-VOH-suh-lawf],

winning them a 2010 Nobel Prize. This element makes up (*) buckyballs, which are fullerenes [FUL-er-eenz]. It

also comprises namesake "nanotubes" [NAN-oh-"tubes"] and graphene ["GRAPH"-een]. For 10 points--name this element

found in all organic compounds.

answer: carbon (or C)

9. In his first appearance, this character tries to keep Harry Potter from returning to Hogwarts. For 10 points

each--

A. Name this house elf who prevents Harry from boarding the train back to school.

answer: Dobby

B. Dobby seals off the secret entrance to the Hogwarts Express, which departs from this numbered platform.

answer: Platform 9 3/4 ["nine and three quarters"] (accept nine and three-fourths; do not accept or prompt on "9.75")

C. With the platform gone, Harry travels to Hogwarts in a flying car owned by this member of the Weasley family.

answer: Arthur Weasley

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10. This city was ruled by the Council of 104, which sent Hamilcar [HAM-il-"car"] to conquer Sicily in 310 BC. It lost

influence after the defeat at Zama [ZAH-mah], though its earlier victory at (*) Cannae ["CAN-nay"] almost led to the

capture of Rome by Hannibal [HAN-ih-bul]. For 10 points--name this North African city that lost the Punic ["PEW"-nik]

Wars.

answer: Carthage (or Carthago or Kart-hadasht) 10. For 10 points each--answer the following about the Burgess [BUR-juss] formation:

A. The rocks of the formation contain many of these preserved remains of prehistoric plants and animals.

answer: fossils (accept fossilized remains)

B. The formation is named for this type of sedimentary rock, which is formed from clay and mud. The

metamorphic [met-uh-MOR-fik] rock slate is formed from this rock.

answer: (black) shale (accept Burgess Shale)

C. The Burgess Shale is found in this country's province of British Columbia.

answer: Canada

11. In one play by this author, Jim breaks a unicorn figurine belonging to Laura Wingfield. In another of his

plays, the line "I have always depended upon the kindness of strangers" is spoken by (*) Blanche DuBois

[doo-BWAH]. For 10 points--name this author of The Glass Menagerie [muh-NAZH-uh-ree] and A Streetcar Named Desire.

answer: Tennessee Williams (or Thomas Lanier Williams III) 11. The Mona Passage is east of this island. For 10 points each--

A. Name this Caribbean island that is divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

answer: Hispaniola [hiss-pan-YOH-luh]

B. This capital of the Dominican Republic is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western

Hemisphere.

answer: Santo Domingo (de Guzm?n)

C. The Mona Passage separates Hispaniola from this island, which is a U.S. territory governed from San Juan [sahn

WAHN].

answer: Puerto Rico [PWAIR-toh REE-koh] (or Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico)

12. This river has branches called the Solim?es [soh-lee-MOYSS] and the Rio Negro [REE-oh NAY-groh], which meet at the

city of Manaus [mah-NAH-oos]. The explorer Vicente Pinz?n [vee-SAYN-tay peen-"ZONE"] gave this river its name after

he was attacked by (*) female warriors. For 10 points--what major world river shares its name with a South

American rainforest?

answer: Amazon River (or Rio Amazonas) 12. For 10 points each--answer the following about the 2017 French presidential election:

A. This former president of France decided not to run due to low favorability ratings following weak economic

performance and a number of terrorist attacks.

answer: Fran?ois Hollande [frahn-SWAH oh-LAHND] (or Fran?ois G?rard Georges Nicolas Hollande)

B. The 2017 presidential race was won by this 39-year-old candidate of the party En Marche! [awn "MARSH"]

answer: Emmanuel Macron [mak-KRAWN] (or Emmanuel Jean-Michel Fr?d?ric Macron)

C. Macron defeated Marine Le Pen [mah-REEN luh PEN], the candidate of this far-right party.

answer: Front National (accept National Front or FN) 13. In 1075 this king defeated the Revolt of the Earls. A decade later, he ordered the compilation of the

Domesday ["doomsday"] Book. The Bayeux [bye-yoo] Tapestry celebrates his greatest victory, the defeat of Harold

II at (*) Hastings in 1066. For 10 points--name this leader of the Norman Conquest of England.

answer: William the Conqueror (or William I of England or William the Bastard or William II of Normandy; prompt

on "William"; do not accept or prompt on "William II")

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13. Examples of these errors in argumentation include "begging the question" and "no true Scotsman." For 10

points each--

A. Name these instances of improper reasoning, such as assuming that correlation implies causation.

answer: fallacies [FAL-uh-seez] (or fallacy)

B. The fallacy of attacking one's opponent, rather than the opponent's argument, is given this name, from the Latin

for "to the man."

answer: ad hominem [ad HAH-min-um]

C. The fallacy that an event will be less likely in the future if it has happened frequently in the past is named for this

kind of person, who might succumb to this fallacy at a roulette [roo-LET] table.

answer: gambler(s) (accept the gambler's fallacy)

14. Whoever kills this character is cursed by God to suffer "sevenfold vengeance." He becomes upset after God

disapproves of his offerings from the soil. This man asks "am I my (*) brother's keeper?" For 10

points--name this character from the Book of Genesis [JEN-uh-siss] who murders his brother Abel.

answer: Cain (or Qayin) 14. The "quinic" [KWIN-ik] example of this kind of substance is found in coffee beans. For 10 points each--

A. Name these substances that form an aqueous [AY-kwee-uss] solution whose pH ["P-H"] is less than 7. They are

contrasted with bases.

answer: acids (accept organic acids or carboxylic acids)

B. According to the Bronsted-Lowry [BRAHN-sted-LAO-ree] theory, an acid donates this kind of positively charged

subatomic particle, which is equivalent to a positively charged hydrogen ion ["EYE"-ahn].

answer: proton(s)

C. This man defined an acid as an electron pair acceptor. His namesake "dot diagrams" are widely used in

drawing molecules.

answer: Gilbert N(ewton) Lewis (accept Lewis acids or Lewis dot diagrams)

15. Half of this shape's perimeter is used to find its area in Heron's formula. This shape's side lengths and

angles are related in the law of (*) cosines [KOH-"signs"] and the law of sines ["signs"]. The interior angles of this

shape add up to 180 degrees. For 10 points--name this three-sided polygon.

answer: triangles 15. For 10 points each--name these baseball players with the most 200-hit seasons:

A. Pete Rose and this player are tied with ten 200-hit seasons each. This Japanese outfielder played most of his

career with the Mariners, and currently plays for the Marlins.

answer: Ichiro Suzuki [ee-chee-roh soo-zoo-kee] (accept either underlined portion)

B. This man is the only player with nine 200-hit seasons. He was known as the "Georgia Peach," and played most

of his career with the Tigers in the early 20th century.

answer: Ty Cobb (or Tyrus Raymond Cobb)

C. This Yankee captain and shortstop had eight 200-hit seasons. He wore the number 2, and retired in 2014.

answer: Derek (Sanderson) Jeter [JEET-ur]

16. Two generals from this empire, Narses [NAR-seez] and Belisarius [bel-uh-SAIR-ee-us], conquered Italy. This empire's

ruler Heraclius [heh-"RACK"-lee-uss] defeated the Sassanids [suh-SAH-nidz] at the 627 Battle of Nineveh [NIN-eh-vuh]. (*)

Justinian [juss-TIN-ee-un] was another leader of this successor state to the Roman Empire. For 10 points--name this

empire ruled from Constantinople ["con-stan-tin-OH-pull"].

answer: Byzantine [BIH-zun-teen] Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire; do not accept or prompt on "Roman Empire")

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16. For 10 points each--answer the following about the Black Lives Matter movement:

A. One of the events that inspired the movement was the 2013 acquittal of George Zimmerman, who shot and killed

this unarmed teenager.

answer: Trayvon (Benjamin) Martin

B. The movement gained further traction after the killing of Michael Brown, prompting demonstrations in this

Missouri city where Brown died.

answer: Ferguson, Missouri

C. The Black Lives Matter activist DeRay Mckesson [deh-RAY mik-KESS-un] unsuccessfully ran for mayor of this city,

where protests broke out after the death of local resident Freddie Gray.

answer: Baltimore, Maryland

17. The southern third of this state, which is known as "Little Egypt," contains the Shawnee National Forest.

This state is bounded by the Mississippi and Wabash [WAH-"bash"] Rivers. Its most populous city is on (*) Lake

Michigan. For 10 points--name this Midwestern state whose cities include Chicago.

answer: Illinois

17. The fluid mosaic [moh-ZAY-ik] model describes this structure that consists of a lipid bilayer [LIP-id "by-layer"]. For 10

points each--

A. Name this structure that surrounds all cells.

answer: cell membrane(s)

B. In plants and certain other organisms, the cell membrane is surrounded by this tougher layer that provides

structural support.

answer: cell wall(s)

C. One distinguishing feature of this kingdom of organisms is that they have cell walls comprised of chitin [KYE-tin].

These organisms contain masses called mycelia [my-SEE-lee-uh].

answer: fungi ["FUN-guy" or FUN-jye] (or funguses)

18. One of these items depicting an upside-down airplane is called the Inverted Jenny. The study of these

objects is known as (*) philately ["fill-AT-uh-lee"]. When these items retain their value despite rate increases, they

are described by the word "forever." For 10 points--name these objects attached to mail.

answer: postage stamps

18. During this war, John II of France was ransomed after being captured at the 1356 Battle of Poitiers [PWAHT-yay].

For 10 points each--

A. Name this war between France and England that actually lasted for more than a century.

answer: Hundred Years' War

B. This somber color is part of a nickname given to Edward of Woodstock, the English prince who won the Battle of

Poitiers.

answer: black (accept Edward the Black Prince)

C. A turning point in the Hundred Years' War came in 1429, when Joan of Arc helped to lift the siege of this French

city. Joan became known as the "Maid" of this city.

answer: Orl?ans [or-lay-AWN] (accept Maid of Orl?ans or La Pucelle d'Orl?ans) 19. An old dog of this name lives with a fanged rabbit in James and Deborah Howe's novel Bunnicula

["bun-NICK"-yoo-luh]. In a picture book by Crockett Johnson, a boy with this name draws a moon with a (*) purple

crayon. For 10 points--what is the name of George's best friend in Dav ["dave"] Pilkey's Captain Underpants series?

answer: Harold (accept Harold Monroe or Harold and the Purple Crayon or Harold Hutchins)

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19. This author retold a folktale about the rooster Chanticleer [CHAN-tih-"clear"] in "The Nun's Priest's Tale." For 10

points each--

A. Pilgrims compete to tell the best story in what author's book The Canterbury Tales?

answer: Geoffrey Chaucer [CHAW-sur]

B. The Canterbury Tales are written in this form of English, which succeeded Old English during the medieval era.

answer: Middle English

C. The first story in The Canterbury Tales is told by a man identified by the name of this occupation. Other people

with this occupation sat at a Round Table in Camelot [KAM-uh-"lot"].

answer: knights (accept The Knight's Tale or The Knightes Tale)

20. This is the first letter of the name of a style sheet language paired with HTML ["H-T-M-L"] to make websites.

The current geologic era's name begins with this letter, which also denotes a quantity approximated at (*) 300

million meters per second. For 10 points--what letter signifies the speed of light?

answer: c (accept CSS; prompt on "Cascading Style Sheet(s)" or "Cenozoic era")

20. A version of this inequality for numbers states that the absolute value of x plus y is less than or equal to the

absolute value of x, plus the absolute value of y, no matter what x and y are. For 10 points each--

A. Name this inequality. Another version is that any two sides of a certain shape must have a total length longer

than the other side.

answer: triangle inequality

B. The triangle inequality can also be explained in terms of these mathematical quantities that have both a size, or

magnitude, and a direction.

answer: vectors

C. The triangle inequality appears in this ancient Greek mathematician's textbook Elements.

answer: Euclid [YOO-klid] (of Alexandria) (or Eukleides)

21. While traveling to this city, two state troopers were killed in a helicopter crash. A Donald Trump speech

referred to "violence on (*) many sides" in this city. Heather Heyer ["HIGH"-ur] was killed by a car plowing into a

crowd during a white supremacist rally in--for 10 points--what Virginia city?

answer: Charlottesville 21. Otto von Bismarck led efforts to unify various states into this country. For 10 points each--

A. Name this European empire formed in 1871 from Prussia and other nearby states.

answer: (Imperial) Germany (or Deutschland or German Empire or German Reich or Deutsches Kaiserreich)

B. Bismarck was dismissed by this last German emperor, who abdicated in 1918.

answer: Wilhelm II [VIL-helm "the second"] of Germany (or William II of Germany; prompt on "Wilhelm" or "William")

C. The German Empire was succeeded by this government, which held power from 1919 to 1933. It was named for

a German city.

answer: Weimar [VYE-mar] Republic (or Weimarer Republik; prompt on "Germany" or "German Reich" or "Deutsches

Reich")

22. This composer included a "Saturday Night Waltz" in a ballet that initially starred Agnes de Mille ["duh MILL"],

and that ends with a "Hoe-Down." He wrote a piece for Martha Graham that features variations on the (*)

Shaker tune "Simple Gifts." For 10 points--name this composer of Rodeo [roh-DAY-oh] and Appalachian Spring

[ap-uh-LAY-shun "spring"].

answer: Aaron Copland ["COPE"-lund]

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22. The sound "noot" can be produced by several alternate spellings. For 10 points each--

A. Knute Rockne [noot "ROCK"-nee], whose first name is spelled "K-N-U-T-E," was a legendary football coach at this

Catholic university.

answer: Notre Dame ["NOTE"-ur "DAME"] (or University of Notre Dame du Lac)

B. "Eye of newt," spelled "N-E-W-T," is an ingredient used by witches in this Shakespeare play about the murder

of a Scottish king.

answer: Macbeth (or The Tragedy of Macbeth)

C. A sky goddess named Nut ["noot"], spelled "N-U-T," is the consort of the Earth-god Geb in the mythological

tradition of this ancient civilization.

answer: ancient Egypt (or ancient Egyptians or ancient Egyptian civilization; accept ancient Egyptian mythology)

23. One man with this surname caused the death of Mary Jo Kopechne [koh-"PECK"-nee] in the Chappaquiddick

[chap-uh-KWID-ick] incident. Another man with this surname was shot at the Ambassador Hotel. A third man

with this surname was killed at (*) Dealey Plaza in Dallas. For 10 points--give this surname of Ted, Bobby,

and John.

answer: Kennedy (accept Kennedys; accept Ted(dy) Kennedy or Edward (Moore) Kennedy or Robert (Francis)

Kennedy or Bobby Kennedy or John (Fitzgerald) Kennedy or Jack Kennedy)

23. Chittagong ["CHIT-uh-gong"] and Calcutta ["cal-CUT-uh"] are ports on this bay, which is a northern arm of the Indian

Ocean. For 10 points each--

A. What bay is the largest in the world?

answer: Bay of Bengal [ben-GAHL]

B. Dhaka [DAH-kuh] is the capital of this densely populated country that lies on the Bay of Bengal.

answer: Bangladesh (or People's Republic of Bangladesh or Gana Prajatantri Bangladesh)

C. The Bay of Bengal receives this river, which is sacred to Hindus. This river is known as the Padma [PAHD-muh] in

Bangladesh, where it merges with the Brahmaputra [BRAH-mah-POO-trah] system.

answer: Ganges [GAN-jeez] River (or Ganga)

24. Elasmotherium [uh-LAZ-moh-theer-ee-um] was a genus [JEE-nus] of these animals that grazed the steppe ["step"] of Ice Age

Siberia. Kaziranga [kaz-ee-RAHN-guh] National Park in Assam [ah-SAM] is a sanctuary for the "Great Indian"

species of these odd-toed ungulates [UN-gyoo-letz]. (*) For 10 points--poachers often target what animals known for

their keratinaceous ["CARE"-uh-tin-ay-shus] horns?

answer: rhinoceros(es) (or Rhinocerotidae)

24. This man sits despondently on the bed of his teacher, who is seen accepting a cup of hemlock, in a painting titled

The Death of Socrates [SAH-kruh-teez]. For 10 points each--

A. Name this man who walks next to his student Aristotle ["AIR"-ih-stah-tul] in a painting titled The School of Athens.

answer: Plato (or Platon or Aristocles)

B. The Death of Socrates is a work by this French neoclassical artist, who also painted The Coronation of Napoleon and

Napoleon Crossing the Alps.

answer: Jacques-Louis David [ZHAHK loo-EE dah-VEED]

C. This Renaissance [REN-ih-sahnss] artist painted The School of Athens.

answer: Raphael (or Raphaello Sanzio da Urbino or Raphael Santi; accept any underlined portion)

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