Thoracic Aortic Dissection - developinganaesthesia

clinically significant aortic or mitral valve disease ( ex. aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, moderate or greater mitral regurgitation) pericardial constriciton. restrictive or congestive cardiomyopathy. left ventricualar ejection fraction < 40% by MUGA, angiography, or echocardiography ................
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