Change Analysis Charts - 6 Periods Key.docx



Change Analysis Chart (8,000 BCE-600 BCE) Score / 20 Name _____________________________ Technological & Environmental Transformations Hour ____ May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Change or Continuities1. Human-Environ Interaction (Demography, disease, migration technology)? small groups of nomads (20-30/tribe)? world pop -5 million? hunter-gatherers? stone tools, fire? humans settled on all continents? little/no medicine? unreliable food supply? dependence on environ for survival (water, food, energy)? world pop -100 mill? more reliable food supply? agricultural diversity? writing systems? early, medicine? Neolithic/Ag Rev? cultural/tech diffusion o spread of disease, tech? Ag Rev o agric? River Valley Civs founded (3000BCE)? Neolithic/Ag Rev ? irrigation? pottery, plows, textiles, metallurgy, wheels & vehiclesdiversity? tech innovations o improved agric, trade, transportation? domesticated animals2. Culture(Religions, philosophies, Science, technology, art, architecture)? animistic religion? no agriculture? cave paintings? no human architecture? relig tied to environ and/or political elites? human desire for creativity, expression? writing, record keeping, literature? Religions: Vedic/ Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism? increase in pop o surplus of goods o need to account? invention of writing, record keeping, literature? human desire/need for meaning for “big questions” o religion3. Politics (State-building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution? no organized political units, cities, or states? largest community of humans were H-G bands, 30-50 people? unequal treatment favored elites? rulers/elites often claimed divinity or divine support? Empires & Civs: Sumeria, Akkadia, Egypt, Nubia, Olmec, Shang, Zhou, Bantus, Greece, Maurya? increase in pop o need to organize, control, & coordinate populations? codification of laws (Hammurabi, Manu)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@2 Technological & Environmental Transformations (8,000 BCE-600 BCE) May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities4. Economics(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems, industrialization, capitalism, socialism)? hunting-gathering? small scale/short distance trade for goods unavailable locally? men (likely) hunted, women gathered? pastoralism? trade for unavailable goods, no one civ/ had all desired goods.? trade = regional/inter- regional? specialized labor in urban areas? slaves do least desirable work? desire for more food, goods, “better life”? spec of labor o more efficient production? specialization of labor? cultural & tech diffusion? cooperative agriculture (irrigation)(pastoralists)? development of slavery5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic construct- ions, social and economic classes? (likely) gender-based division of type, but not value of labor? patriarchy (since beg of Agric. Rev.) ? social hierarchies,political & relig elites? patriarchy in politics & relig? Agric Rev o social hierarchies, special- ization of labor? development of social hierarchies (elites, Brahmin, rulers, etc.)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@Change Analysis Chart (600 BCE-600 CE) Score / 20 Name _____________________________ Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies Hour ____ May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Change/Continuities1. Human-Environ Interaction (Demography, disease, migration technology)? world pop -100 mill? reliable food supply? agricultural diversity? writing systems? early, medicine? dependence on geog for raw materials? demand for raw materials & luxury goods? world pop -200 mill? environmental damage, deforestation, desertification, erosion)? cities/capitals served as centers of relig, trade, & political activity? imperial gov’ts o environ damage (Han, Rome, Maurya, Gupta)? better medicine, architecture, metallurgy? road/transportation systems & routes? new technologies(stirrup, saddle, yokes)? domest pack animals(camels, horses, oxen)? longer migration & trade routes2. Culture(Religions, philosophies, Science, technology, art, architecture)? writing, record keeping, literature? Religions: Vedic/ Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism? shamanism / animism? ancestor veneration? cities served as cultural centers, relig, politics? each empire had its own religion(s) (e.g. Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism)? Cities provide the “critical mass” req’d? Relig: Axial Age theory? Hebrew scriptures, Diaspora? Vedic relig / Hinduisms o scriptures? New religions/faiths? lit & arch developed cultural styles? relig & geog influenced arts & literature? political & relig rule(rs) often merged3. Politics (State-building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution? Empires & Civs: Olmec, Egypt, Zhou, Greece, Bantus, Maurya? rulers often claimed divinity / support? military threats from “outsiders”? Empires: Large, Regional in Size (Byzantium, Gupta, Han, Maya, Nazca, Persia, Rome, Toltec)? established administra- tive bureaucracies? empires grew beyond their ability to administer? tech of the day limited? # & size of states grew dramatically? administrative techniques (bureaucracies,imperial administration, communication, controllegal systems, diplomacy)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@4 Organization & Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BCE-600 CE) May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities4. Economics(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems, industrialization, capitalism, socialism)? trade = regional/inter- regional? specialized labor in urban areas? slaves do least desirable work? demand for raw materials & luxury goods ? wide range of work,corvée, slavery, rents, tributes, family-based? trade networks made diffusion quicker, easier, cheaper? Agriculture still the predominant occupation? most people had little access to distant/luxury? trans-regional trade networks (Silk Roads, goods Trans-Sahara, Indian Ocean, Mediterran- ean, American)5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic construct- ions, social and economic classes? social hierarchies, political & relig elites? patriarchy in politics & religion? patriarchy shaped gender & family relations in all empires? social structures incl farmers, unskilled laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites & caste groups, soldiers? difficulties of admin- istering large empires o social tensions? inequality among social classes o envy,? social tensions created by inequality ofhostility wealth, military defeats, economic declineInspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@Change Analysis Chart (600-1450 CE) Name _____________________________ Regional and Transregional Interactions Score / 20 Hour ____ May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities1. Human-Environ Interaction (Demography, disease, migration technology)? world pop -200 mill? environmental damage, deforestation, desertification, erosion)? cities/capitals served as centers of relig, trade, & political activity? diseases/pathogens still spread easily, though amount/degree of spread increased dramatically(e.g. Bubonic Plague)? world pop -400 mill? spread of languages, cultures, religions? hemispheric exposure to diseases (Afro-Eurasia)? migrations & trade o diffusion of languages, religions, cultures, technologies? new migrations(Vikings, Berbers, Polynesians, Bantus)? inter-regional travelers(Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta)2. Culture(Religions, philosophies, Science, technology, art, architecture)? cities served as cultural centers, relig, politics? each empire had its own religion(s) (e.g. Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Judaism)? Islam, 622CE? Confucianism & Buddhism in E. Asia ? dar al Islam? greater contact among cultures(Crusades, Silk Roads, dar al Islam)? Merchants & mission- aries traveling into new areas o cult diff (Sufi Muslims o India, Confucianism o SE Asia,? new constructions(Grand Canal)& o Silk Roads, Christians o Kievan Rus)? Muslim tech (medicine, hospitals, algebra)? Islam’s spread: Iberia3ArabiaoSE Asia? Confucianism spreadoJapan & SE Asia3. Politics (State-building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution? Empires: Large, Regional in Size(Maya, Byzantium, Umayyad, Gupta, Tang)? established administra- tive bureaucracies? traditional symbols & methods of power & legitimacy (temples, patriarchy)? political diffusion (political ideas from one empire to another)? privilege of elites over lower classes? Regional and Trans- Regional Empires (Mongols, Delhi, Ottomans, Ming, Aztec)? traditional & new administrative techniques? larger empires o cult diffusion? admin methods o larger empires? new methods of managing empires: city- states(E Africa), sultanate(Ottoman, Delhi)? caliphate & caesaropapism combined political & religious authorityInspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@6 Regional and Transregional Interactions (600-1450 CE) May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities4. Economics(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems, industrialization, capitalism, socialism)? trade = regional/inter- regional? specialized labor in urban areas? slaves do least desirable work? luxury goods still common in trade routes ? regional trading zones:? Indian Ocean? Silk Roads? trans-Saharan? Mediterranean? E Asia (Zheng He)? E Atlantic coast? Americas? larger trans-regional empires o easier long- distance trade? new/improved technolo-? Silk Roads reinvigorated after Han/ Rome,giesoincreased trade reach height during Mongols? cities specifically focused as trading centers:(Timbuktu, Calicut, Melaka, Venice,Tenochtitlan)drove politics? longer dist inter-regional trade aided by new technologies(compass, astrolabe, checks, credit, banks, paper money)? Trade Guilds(Hanseatic League)5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic construct- ions, social and economic classes? social hierarchies, political & relig elites? patriarchy in politics & religion? social hierarchy mostly patriarchal, class/caste-based.? clear social hierarchies w/in empires? variation among empires? patriarchy still most common? size of empires required toleration of multiple ethnicities? biological basis/? some cultures gave women greater autonomy(Mongols, W Africa, Japan, SE Asia)rationalization (?) of patriarchy? large empires incorporated dozens of ethnic groupsInspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@Change Analysis Chart (1450-1750 CE) Name _____________________________ Global Interactions Score / 20 Hour ____ May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities1. Human-Environ Interaction (Demography, disease, migration technology)? world pop -400 mill? hemispheric cultural diffusion? hemispheric exposure to diseases (Afro-Eurasia)? Regional/Hemispheric migrations? E African slave trade(small compared to Atlantic)? world pop -800 mill? mixed ethnic/racial groups(Mestizos, Zambos, Metís)? Columbian Exchange o nutrition, life exp, pop growth? econ opportunity o trans-hemispheric & global migrations (Columbian Exch)trans-Atlantic migra- tions(not all voluntarily)? people(voluntary & involuntary)? gender imbalance o? animals, crops, diseases(horses, pigs,inter-marriage wheat, maize, smallpox, measles, STDs)? better nutrition for Afro-Eurasia? “cash crops”(tobacco, sugar)? trans-Atlantic slave trade? mixed-race populations & ideologies? American pop(plummeted, then rebounded)2. Culture(Religions, philosophies, Science, technology, art, architecture)? dar al Islam? greater contact among cultures(Crusades, Silk Roads, dar al Islam)? cultural forms of art flourished(Ming porcelain, European Renaissance)? religions spread(Buddhism o Asia, Islam o Asia/Africa)? global “network” of cultural influences begins(v. small compared to today)? increased diversity w/in & among religions? increased global inter- action o syncretic religions, artistic cross- influences, gov’t? secular science vs. religion(Europeanattempts to limit Enlightenment)(Tokugawa)? cross-cultural artistic influence? Prot RefoChristianity? syncretic religions(Vodun, Sikhism)3. Politics (State-building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution? Regional and Trans- Regional Empires (Mongols, Delhi, Ottomans, Ming, Aztec)? traditional & new administrative techniques? land-based empires(Ottoman, Ming/Qing, Sultanate of Delhi, Mughal, Russia)? increased complexity & competition? minorities used for econ profit(pol rights)? global economy o increased competition? global size o gov’t complexity(Samurai, Ming? sea based empires(Portugal, Spain, Nether-scholar-bureaucrats, Ottoman devshirme) lands, Gr. Brit)? European hegemony o Americas(Asia)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@8 Global Interactions (1450-1750 CE) May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities4. Economics(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems, industrialization, capitalism, socialism)? regional trading zones:? Indian Ocean? Silk Roads? trans-Saharan? Mediterranean? E Asia (Ming, Zheng He)? E Atlantic coast? Americas? profitable required for financing global empires/trade? stage set for Industrial Revolution? demand for labor skyrocketed? Indentured servitude? Columbian Exch o profits from labor o labor demand,? global trade patterns emerged/evolved? joint-stock co’s developed global trade (EEIC, VOC)? mercantilism, triangle trade? trans-Atlantic slave trade? proto-industrialism(sugar plantations’ engenhos) 5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic construct- ions, social and economic classes? clear social hierarchies w/in empires? variation among empires? patriarchy still most common? patriarchy ? new members &definitions of “elites” in many societies? Global trade o massive economic transfers within & among cultures? Europeans dominated American social classes(though variation among Span vs. Port vs. Eng. vs. Fr)Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@Change Analysis Chart (1750-1900 CE) Name _____________________________ Industrialization and Global Integration Score / 20 Hour ____ May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities1. Human-Environ Interaction (Demography, disease, migration technology)? world pop -800 mill ? ? world pop -1,650 mill ??2. Culture(Religions, philosophies, Science, technology, art, architecture)? ? ? ??3. Politics (State-building, conflict, Political structures, Empires, Revolts and revolution? ? ? ??Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@10 Industrialization and Global Integration (1750-1900 CE) May 6, 2010ThemeCharacteristics at Beginning of periodKey Continuities Key ChangesCharacteristics at End of periodReasons for Changes/Continuities4. Economics(Agric, trade, commerce, labors systems, industrialization, capitalism, socialism)? ? ? ??5. Social (Gender roles/relations, family, racial & ethnic construct- ions, social and economic classes? ? ? ??Inspired by Ellen Bell & Linda Black, compiled by Bill Strickland bstrickl@ ................
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