123PHILOSOPHY



PHIL 2102 - D620 Logical ThinkingMo/We 10:00AM - 11:15AM – Namm N-1023ADr. Alvaro Carlo: calvaro@citytech.cuny.eduNota Bene: This instructor believes in freedom and equality and does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, gender, religion, national origin, age, disability, alienage or citizenship status, marital status, creed, genetic predisposition, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic. If you experience or witness any sort of discrimination bring it to my attention.Required Books: Robert M. Johnson’s A Logic Book: Fundamental of Reasoning, Wadsworth Publishing; 5 edition (April 11, 2006), ISBN-10: 0495006726 (see my website)Catalog Description: Development of critical thinking skills. Topics include structure of arguments, nature of an inference, types of inductive and deductive arguments, common fallacies and other errors and deceptions in reasoning. Course Description and Objectives: An introduction to the basic principles that underlie critical thinking, including: recognizing premises and conclusion of an argument; language and meaning; common errors in reasoning; Aristotle’s system of logic; the symbolic representation of simple and complex sentences; the idea of cause and effect and J. S. Mill’s scientific method. The subject matter of this course does not assume any prior acquaintance with logic or mathematics. This course is designed to improve your skills at making wise decisions about what to believe and do. Your critical thinking skills are your skills at making judgments. Not snap judgments that occur in the blink of an eye, but those that require careful reasoning. You use your critical thinking skills toGrasp the point that a writer or speaker is trying to make,Detect whether someone's claim needs more evidence to back it up,Distinguish between strong arguments and weak ones,Generate reasons for your viewpoint on some issue,Decide what information in a piece of writing or speaking to accept and use, and decide what information to reject and not use,Reason from a hypothetical assumption,Make a potentially strong argument stronger,Practice conscious quality control as you think,Foresee problems.Critical thinking skills involve the ability to reason, to assemble evidence in order to develop a position, and to communicate complex ideas. These skills are of practical value to anyone.COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES/ASSESSMENT METHODS LEARNING OUTCOMESASSESSMENT METHODS1. Understand and apply core logical concepts.1. Oral discussion, exams, papers.2. Recognize and identify both informal and formal fallacies.2. Quizzes, oral discussion, exams, papers.3. Recognize the parts of arguments and evaluate them for their validity.3. Oral discussion, exams, papers4. Connect logical thinking to scientific and philosophical thinking4. Quizzes, oral discussion, exams, papers.GENRAL EDCUATION LEARNING OUTCOMES/ASSESSMENT METHODSLEARNING OUTCOMESASSESSMENT METHODS*1. KNOWLEDGE: Develop knowledge from a range of disciplinary perspectives, and develop the ability to deepen and continue learning.1. Quizzes, oral discussion, exams, papers.2. SKILLS: Acquire and use the tools needed for communication, inquiry, analysis, and productive work.2. Oral discussion, exams, papers3. INTEGRATION: Work productively within and across disciplines.3. Oral discussion, group work, and papers.4.VALUES,ETHICS,ANDRELATIONSHIPS: Understand and apply values, ethics, and diverse perspectives in personal, civic, and cultural/global domains.4. Oral discussion, group work, and papers.Semester GradeYour semester grade will be determined on the basis of 5 requirements: (1) Quiz, multiple-choice and short answer format worth 10% of your final grade. (2) Exam 1, multiple-choice and short answer format, worth 20% of your final grade. Also a midterm and a final exam, both multiple-choice and short answer format, each 30% of your final grade. Class participation and attendance are 10%.Letter Grades and Grade Point EquivalentsA4.093.0–100.0A-3.790.0–92.9B+3.387.1–89.9B3.083.0–87.0B-2.780.0–82.9C+2.377.1–79.9C2.073.0–77.0C-1.770.0–72.9D+1.367.1–69.9D1.060.0–67.0F0.0below 60.0Attendance and Absences: Classes begin and end promptly at the times indicated on your bursar’s receipt. Arrival in class after the scheduled starting time or earlier departure constitutes lateness. Two (2) latenesses will turn into an official absence. Excessive absences and or latenesses?may lead to reduction of a student’s grade.Grades Policies: Withdrawal Grade DefinitionsW - Official Withdrawal: A non-punitive grade initiated by a student when a class is dropped via CUNYfirst during the published withdrawal period.WA - Administrative Withdrawal: A non-punitive grade assigned to students who had registered for classes at the beginning of the term but did not provide proof of immunization by the published compliance date.WD - Withdraw Drop: A non-punitive grade initiated by a student when a class is dropped via CUNYfirst after the financial aid certification date but before the published withdrawal period. The course and grade will not appear on transcripts.If a student never attended the class, a WN will replace this grade after the instructor has submitted his/her attendance verification roster.WN - Never Attended: A non-punitive grade assigned by the Registrar after an instructor has marked a student absent. The course and grade will not appear on transcripts.WU - Unofficial Withdrawal: Indicates that the student attended at least once but did not complete class requirements. Assigned by an instructor on the grade roster and counts as a failing grade in GPA calculations.Academic Integrity at City Tech: Students and all others who work with information, ideas, texts, images, music, inventions, and other intellectual property owe their audience and sources accuracy and honesty in using, crediting, and citing sources. As a community of intellectual and professional workers, the College recognizes its responsibility for providing instruction in information literacy and academic integrity, offering models of good practice, and responding vigilantly and appropriately to infractions of academic integrity. Accordingly, academic dishonesty is prohibited in The City University of New York and at New York City College of Technology and is punishable by penalties, including failing grades, suspension, and expulsion. (NYCCT statement on academic integrity)Examples of Academic Dishonesty:? Copying from another student during an examination or allowing another to copy your work. ? Using notes during a closed book examination. ? Using electronic devices during an examination. ? Presenting another person’s ideas or theories in your own words without acknowledging the source. Special Accommodations: Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with documented disabilities. If you have specific physical, psychiatric or learning disabilities and require accommodations, please let me know as soon as possible, but definitely before the date of the first exam, so that your learning needs may be appropriately met. If you have not already done so, you will need to provide documentation of your disability to the Center for Student Accessibility, which is located in A-237 in the Atrium Building.Proper Classroom Etiquette: Arrive to Class on Time. Turn Off Your Cell Phone. Do Not Bring Food or Drink to Class. Contribute to the Class Discussion when Appropriate. Avoid Side Conversations. Addressing the Professor Properly. Be Attentive in Class. Stay for the Entire Class. Contact the Professor When You Have to Miss Class. If you feel that my lectures are unclear or that I am “vague” or you don’t understand the material, or you feel that I’m “rude” to you or you feel that I am trying to change your mind, or anything else of that nature, you must see me and address the issue. If you don’t do so, I won’t be able to do anything about it. Schedule of ClassesJANUARYM29Introduction and Presentation.W31History of Logic (See Website), Ch. 1: Logic Definition: Arguments,Premises. Ex. p. 5 Diagramming. Ex. p. 10.FEBRUARYM5Enthymemes, Principle of Charity, Recognize Arguments Ex. p. 13 + 18.W7 Ch. 2: Good Arguments, Deduction, Ex. p. 30.Validity and Forms (2.4)Ex. p. 36-37.M12CLOSEDW14Ch. 8: Induction: p. 189 – Inductive Generalization e.g. p. 199.M19CLOSEDTU20Causal Arguments: Prediction, Explanation, etc. Mill’s Method. Ex. p. 208.W21 Argument From Analogy. Ex. p. 230.M26REVIEW. W28QUIZ.MARCHM5Ch. 9: Informal Fallacies (See p. 266) Ex. p. 268. W7Ch. 3: Categorical Logic: 4 Categories, Universal, Particular, Quantity,Quality, Affirmative, Negative. Ex p. 53-54. Venn Diagrams.M12Diagramming with 2 Categories, Ex. p. 58-59, Distribution. W14Traditional Square Ch. 3.3.6 p. 60. M19 Inferences, Modern Square. Existential Import. Ex. p. 74.W21Ch. 4: 4.3 p. 100: Categorical Syllogisms. Terms: Major, Minor, Middle,Mood, Figure.M26 REVIEW. W28MIDTERM. SPRING RECESS ––––––––––––MARCH 30––––––––––––APRIL 8APRILM9Venn Diagrams for Testing Syllogisms (p. 100) Ex. p. 105-107. MakingExistential Assumption. Ex. p. 115. W11NO CLASS - FRIDAY SCHEDULEM16ReviewW18EXAM M23Venn Diagrams for Testing SyllogismsW25Venn Diagrams for Testing SyllogismsM30 Syllogistic Rules and Fallacies: 6 Rules. Ex. Exposition of 15 Valid Formsof Categorical Syllogisms.MAYW2Ch. 5: Truth-Functional Logic: Statements + Logical Operators,Punctuation. Punctuation and Translating into Symbols.M7Ch. 6: Truth Tables.W9More Truth Tables. Ex. p. 146-147.M14 Indirect Truth Tables.W16 More Indirect Truth Tables. Ex. p. 157.M21ReviewW23 FINAL EXAM ______________ ................
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