NST 10 Exam 2 _FINAL_with answers.docx



NST 10: Fall 2014MIDTERM EXAM 2 – Thursday, October 30, 2014Instructions- Use only a #2 pencil to fill out your scantron.- No calculators or cell phones are allowed during the exam.- Choose the BEST answer for each question. Cheating will not be tolerated and can result in failing the course and expulsion. Please see the Center for Student Conduct’s website () for more information.HONOR CODE STATEMENTOn my honor I confirm that I have neither given nor received any unauthorized aid on this exam._________________________________Signature- Please fill out the scantron exactly as instructed below:Print your NAME on the line providedPut your SECTION NUMBER and your OFFICIAL GSI’S NAME on the subject line.- When finished, show your ID to your GSI and turn your SCANTRON ONLY to the appropriate folder (indicated with GSI and test version). - Keep this question sheet. You have version A of the exam. Please mark A for question 1.Non-essential amino acids:Cannot be produced within the bodyMust be consumed in the dietCan be synthesized within the body via transamination or deaminationCan cause deficiency symptoms if not consumed regularlyBoth a, b, and d are correctWhat is the adult Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for protein intake?0.6 g/kg0.8 g/kg1.2 g/kg1.8 g/kg2.0 g/kgAll of the following characteristics describe kwashiorkor, a form of protein-energy malnutrition, EXCEPT:EdemaWasting of muscle and body fat (skin and bones appearance)Fatty liverMinimal amounts of protein intakeMild to moderate weight loss*we accepted any answer for this question*“Hidden hunger” is a term used to describe a _____ deficiency.MacronutrientMicronutrientCaloricBoth a and b are deficiencies described by the term “hidden hunger”None of the above are deficiencies described by the term “hidden hunger”Which of the following is true of micronutrients?Include organic substancesInclude inorganic substancesCan be categorized by their water-soluble or fat-soluble propertiesNeed to be consumed in small amounts All of the aboveAll of the following are illnesses or conditions that result from micronutrient deficiencies EXCEPT:XerophthalmiaStuntingOverweight/obesityGoiterNeural tube defectsDALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) is a metric that takes the following factors into account:Years of Life LostInfant MortalityInfectious Disease PrevalenceMaternal MortalityYears of Life Gained90% of vitamin A is stored in the _____.Fat cellsMuscle fibersEpithelial cellsLiverSmall intestineThe retinal form of Vitamin A plays an important role in which of the following body processes?DevelopmentEnergy homeostasisVisionImmune functionAll of the aboveThe most common source of vitamin D in the United States is_____.Fatty fishBeef liverSunlightFortified foodsGreen vegetablesWhen blood calcium levels are low, vitamin D:Stimulates calcium reabsorption from urineIncreases calcium absorption in the intestineStimulates bone mineralizationProtects against the development of ricketsBoth a and bWhich of the following are illnesses/conditions are associated with vitamin D deficiency?RicketsOsteoporosisOsteomalaciaRickets and osteoporosis, onlyRickets, osteoporosis, and osteomalaciaWhy are water-soluble vitamin deficiencies especially problematic among individuals who have had bariatric surgery?Deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins develop over long periods of timeBariatric surgery reduces the length of the large intestineWater-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the duodenum Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the stomachAfter bariatric surgery, the small intestine preferentially absorbs fat-soluble vitaminsPellagra is a condition that results from a deficiency in _____.NiacinThiaminVitamin CFolatePotassiumWhy is folate recommended for all women of reproductive age?Maternal folate deficiencies contribute to fetal neural tube defectsWomen of reproductive age are less able to synthesize folateFolate is a necessary nutrient for uterine healthWomen of reproductive age are less able to store folateNone of the above are reasons why folate is recommended for all women of reproductive ageWhich dietary source provides iron in its most bioavailable form?NutsBreadChocolateDark leafy green vegetablesPoultryWorldwide, a deficiency of _____ is the most common micronutrient deficiency.IronVitamin AZincIodineCopperA 16 year old female consumed 1800 kcal, 50 g of total fat, and 20 g of saturated fat today. What percent of her total calories came from saturated fat?5%10%25%35%50%_____ is the leading cause of death in the United States, killing about 600,000 people each year.DiabetesOverweight/obesityLung cancerCardiovascular diseaseStrokeAll of the following are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT:High blood pressurePhysical inactivityHigh LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the bloodSmokingGeneticsThe average person should consume between _____ grams of protein each day.20-60 g/day40-80 g/day60-100 g/day80-120 g/day100-140 g/dayWhat is the difference between complete and incomplete dietary protein?Complete proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids, in the appropriate proportionsComplete proteins are only found in animal source foodsComplete proteins are deficient in one or more of the essential amino acidsComplete proteins must be complemented with proteins from different sourcesThere is no difference between complete and incomplete dietary proteinFat malabsorption would lead to a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?NiacinVitamin CVitamin EThiaminAll of the aboveWhy should consumers use % Daily Value (%DV) with caution when choosing a supplement?% DV are based on outdated RDAs% DV are based on a 3000 kcal dietUsing %DV can lead to chronic toxicity%DV are based on current RDAsBoth a and c_____ plays an important role in the body’s antioxidant defenses.Vitamin KVitamin EPhosphorusVitamin B6SodiumA deficiency of which micronutrient can cause anemia:Vitamin B6Vitamin B12IronFolateAll of the above micronutrient deficiencies can cause anemiaWhich of the following is a common risk of excess protein intake?Kidney dysfunction due to removal of excess nitrogen from the bloodMuscle wastingAltered blood glucose regulationVitamin B12 deficiencyThere is no risk associated with excess protein intakeThe primary structure of a protein refers to:The weak bonds between nearby amino acids that form spiral-lie or pleated sheet shapeThe 3D folding that determines the protein’s functionThe order of amino acids that determines the protein’s shapeThe strong bonds between 3D proteinsNone of the aboveWhen the structure of a protein unfolds, this is called protein _____. CoagulationDenaturationTransaminationHydrolysisAll of the aboveNegative nitrogen balance occurs within the body when:Protein intake exceeds protein lossesProtein losses exceed protein intakeProtein intake equals protein lossesA healthy adult is meeting protein and energy needsIntensive athletic training increases lean body massWhy was genetic modification used in the development of Golden Rice?As rice varieties do not naturally contain high levels of beta-carotene, genetic modification is necessary to increase productionTraditional breeding methods are an ineffective way to increase micronutrients in riceRice is already a good source of beta-carotene, further breeding efforts are not necessaryTraditional breeding efforts are only effective in increasing the beta-carotene content of fruits and vegetables, not grainsNone of the aboveWhich of the following describes a/the difference(s) between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and conventional breeds?GMO cultivars are more expensive and time-consuming to create and evaluate than conventional breeding cultivarsGMOs induce variation through mutagenesisGMOs induce variation through classical crossingGMOs introduce variation by inserting DNA from a different organismAll of the aboveAll of the following are potential hazards associated with GMOs EXCEPT:ToxicityIntroduction of food allergiesDecreased biodiversityCost of developmentIncreased tolerance to cold temperaturesWhich population is most likely to have the lowest levels of vitamin D?African AmericansNative AmericansAsian AmericansHispanic AmericansCaucasian Americans*we accepted any answer for this question*All of the following are potential hazards associated with vitamin D toxicity EXCEPT:HypercalcemiaHypercalciuriaImpaired kidney functionCalcium deposits in tissuesAll of the above are potential hazards associated with vitamin D toxicity _____ bind(s) to metals, resulting in increased urinary excretion of the metal.ChelatorsCholesterolProteinsBileZincAll of the following are consequences of hemochromatosis EXCEPT:CirrhosisDiabetesStrokeHyperpigmentationFatigueVitamin D can be obtained from _____.SupplementsUV exposed mushroomsCheeseFortified foodsAll of the aboveWhich of the following is a symptom of vitamin K deficiency?Night blindnessImpaired immune functionHemorrhage due to poor blood clottingNeurologic dysfunctionBoth b and cWhich of the following statements about dietary supplements is true?Dietary supplements are closely regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Manufacturers are required to meet US Pharmacopeia (USP) standardsDietary supplement manufacturers can claim that their products will prevent, treat, or cure diseaseCurrent evidence is insufficient to support the recommendation of multivitamin and mineral supplementation for the general populationAll of the aboveWhich of the following vitamins is classified as a hormone because the body can synthesize it?Vitamin KVitamin DVitamin CVitamin B12Vitamin E_____ is the deficiency disease associated with thiamin (B1).BeriberiXerophthalmiaWernicke’s SyndromePellagraBoth a and cAll B-vitamins act as _____, small organic molecules that combine with inactive enzymes to form active enzymes.CoenzymesMineralsSterolsHormonesAntioxidantsIf a child deficient in vitamin A was supplemented with only retinoic acid, which deficiency symptom would remain UNTREATED?XerophthalmiaNight blindnessPoor immune functionFollicular hyperkeratosisAll of the above would be treatedA genetic disorder resulting in the absence of Menke’s transporters would lead to which of the following?Copper deficiencyCopper toxicityIron deficiencyIron toxicityZinc deficiencyA deficiency in _____ is characterized by corkscrew hair and bleeding gums.Vitamin KThiaminVitamin CIronCopperWhich of the following are common methods for alleviating global micronutrient deficiency?SupplementationFood fortificationBiofortificationDietary diversificationAll of the aboveFood insecurity is defined as:The limited availability of nutritionally adequate foodsThe unlimited availability of safe foodsThe ability to acquire foods in socially acceptable waysThe complete inability to purchase any foodsNone of the aboveWhich of the following contribute(s) to the hunger-obesity paradox?Inconsistent access to foodLack of access to unhealthy foodsFood desertsConsumption of 3 meals per day a and c are correct ................
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