2013 WLC BA in Spanish Graduation ePortfolios



Samantha Perez

A. Andrade

Span 308 – 90

CSUMB Spring 11

Chronology Ch. 3

TIMELINE

1778 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was ordained a priest.

1803 – Miguel Hidalgo was exiled to Dolores, which was very close to his hometown.

1808 – Napoleon invades Spain and replaces King Ferdinand VII with his brother, Joseph Bonaparte.

September 16, 1810 – The revolution was launched and Hidalgo gave his famous speech known as “Grito de Dolores.” Today this date is known as Mexican Independence Day.

1811 to 1813 – Juan Bautista de las Casas and Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara led revolts, which were not successful.

1811 – Miguel Hidalgo is martyred.

1812 – The Spanish legislative assembly drafted a constitution but was later repealed.

1815 – José María Morelos y Pavón, the man who tried to keep the revolution alive after Hidalgos death, dies along with the revolutionary movement.

1819 – The Adams-Onís Treaty seemed to have stopped attacks and interest in Texas land from America.

1821 to 1848 – Generous land grants were given out to many ex–soldiers.

1820’s – Alliances Spain had with Comanche, Ute, Navajo, and Jicarilla Apache were unraveling.

1820’s – Yankees immigrate to Mexico for economic gain. Traders and trappers start to appear in New Mexico.

1820’s to 1830’s – New Mexico’s settlers continuously ask for military help from Mexico City but not receive any.

1820 – Spanish troops at Cádiz revolted against the Bourbon monarchy under the leadership of Colonel Rafael Riego. They also demanded the Constitution of 1812 to be restored. It was a failed attempt.

1821 – Augustín Iturbide’s government gained a false sense of security because of the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 and rather than prevent Americans from immigrating to Texas, Itrubide’s government encouraged American settlers.

1821 – Agustín de Iturbie declares independence and proclaims himself as the new emperor of the new nation. Mexico gains independence from Spain.

1824 – Franciscans adopt the Constitution of 1824.

1826 to 1848 – Bernard L. Fontana, a historian, believes that Boston traders must have carried out of California about six million hides and seven thousand tons of tallow.

1829 to 1830 – Antonio Armijo, distant relative to the governor of New Mexico, Manuel Armijo, blazed a trail between Abiquiú, New Mexico, and San Bernardino, California.

1829 – Arizona suffers many ranch raids from the Apache. The Apache were so intense that the mission of San Xavier del Bac was abandoned for a period of time.

1829 – Abel Stearns, a former seaman, settles down in Los Angeles where he marries into the Juan Bandini family. He eventually became one of the largest landowners in the southern part of California.

1830 to 1832– Anglos outnumber Mexicans six to one. There was an obvious conflict between the two groups with the biggest issue being race. Thankfully, there were a series of laws, which made Anglo immigration illegal and encouraged Mexican families to colonize.

1831 – Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo is appointed commandant of the San Francisco Presidio.

1832 – Samuel Houston, a former governor of Tennesse and seat holder in Congress, enters Texas. Three years later he settles in Texas permanently. It is often thought that President Jackson sent Houston to Texas but, seeing as there is no proof of this, it is difficult to determine the truth. Houston became the leader of those in Texas who wanted independence from Mexico.

1833 – Due to the increase in trade in New Mexico, merchants decide to set up more permanent establishments.

1834, 1835, and 1840 - Richard Henry Dana is aboard a trading vessel, which travels along the California coast. He later writes of his experience aboard the vessels in his book, Two Yeas before the Mast.

1834 to 1845 – California missions were confiscated.

1834 – Doña Juana Pacheco was one of 55 women who received a grant of land. Her particular grant was 17,734 acres of land.

1835 – Vallejo is sent to the northern area of San Francisco Bay to establish a defensive outpost against the Russians. In Texas, during the same year, the rebellion against the Mexican government begins and a year later Texas becomes an independent nation.

May of 1835 – Albino Pérez arrives in Santa Fe to take his place as governor, as the central government wanted him to.

August of 1837 – Pueblos and Hispanic settlers, led by José Gonzales, rebel in the northern area of Santa Fe, New Mexico.

January 27, 1838 – Manuel Armijo, who once was governor of New Mexico, executes José Gonzales. This in turn stopped the rebellion.

1840’s – California had more and more ranches than before. There was also an increase in trading cattle with the foreign ships that regularly visited. Also, the mortality rate of the Indians had declined by this time. By the middle of this decade there had been three waves of American people in California. They are called the maritime interest, the trapping interest, and the pioneering interest.

1841 – Texas attempts to invade New Mexico but fails.

1844 – Mr. James K. Polk is elected the 11th president of the United States during a time when Americans were intent on gaining more territory.

mid-1840’s – Many immigrants make way into Mexico. The more famous immigrants are Abel Stearns, John Sutter, and Jedediah Strong Smith. A year later the Bidwell-Bartleson train makes its way into California bringing forth an even great migration of pioneers.

Autumn of 1845 – President Polk attempts to buy California from Mexico. When Mexico refused Polk decided war would be the only answer.

March of 1846 – Since the Independence of Texas there was argument as to where the border between Texas and Mexico should be. When Texas became one of the United States there was still much debate on the subject. In response to this, President Polk sends General Zachary Taylor to Texas hoping this would give him his war.

April 23, 1846 – Mexico declares war on the United States giving President Polk the outcome he had hoped for.

May 11, 1846 – Being distracted by trying to acquire California before his pretend adversary (he believed England was also trying to acquire California) he did not hear of the declaration of war Mexico had made on the United States. It was not until this day that he made his famous speech to congress about going to war.

1846 –Governor Armijo was seen as a tyrant to Americans for asking them to pay for the business they conducted in New Mexico. Armijo’s people see him as a coward for not defending New Mexico during the American invasion. In August, Colonel Stephen Watts Kearny and the American Army of the West, which was under his command, entered New Mexico’s capital using the Santa Fe Trail.

September of 1846 – Colonel Kearny makes way for California leaving some men behind. His men mistreat the locals and because they already had some hatred for Anglos they rebelled in January of the following year. The rebellion, however, was short lived when the local elite put an end to it.

1847 – War of 1847 / The Mexican War

September 13, 1847 – General Winfield Scott and his men entered the Halls of Montezuma and won the war.

1848 – Presidio at Tubac, in Arizona, disappears

March 10, 1848 – Mexico loses its northern territories with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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