Secret Soviet Moon Mission - PBS
RED FILES – Secret Soviet Moon Mission
Final Script as at Tuesday, 05 February 1999
Gate 10.00.00
10.00.02 NARRATOR
A MOSCOW WAREHOUSE HOLDS ONE OF THE
Lunar lander 10.00.06 COLD WAR'S BEST KEPT SECRETS -- THE
SOVIET UNION'S LUNAR LANDER.
MS 10.00.19 LEONOV
We could have gone to the moon…but we let our chance slip away.
Cosmonauts & rocket 10.00.23
10.00.25 NARRATOR
THE SOVIETS RACED AMERICA IN SPACE, AND NEARLY REACHED THE MOON.
TITLE MUSIC 10.00.42
SERIES TITLES 10.00.42 THE RED FILES
Sky & clouds 10.01.12 NARRATOR
HIS VERY NAME WAS SECRET.
Car Drives thro gates 10.01.21 THE MASTERMIND OF THE SOVIET MOON RACE WAS KNOWN ONLY AS "THE CHIEF DESIGNER."
Car up driveway 10.01.33 HE GAVE HIS NATION THE GLORY IT CRAVED, YET HIS OWN LIFE WAS MARKED WITH DEEP SUFFERING AND PUBLIC OBSCURITY.
10.01.46 LEONOV
His name was never spoken.
MS We wondered, "Who is this man, whose name is only a whisper?"
Car driving 10.01.54
10.01.58 HARFORD V/O
Just think of what he had achieved. First satellite, first dog in space, first man in space, first 3 men in space, first woman in space, first spacecraft to hit the Moon, first spacecraft to hit Venus.
MS 10.02.14 Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, one guy.
Car Driving 10.02.17
Moon through clouds 10.02.21
10.02.37 NATALIYA V/O
His dream was the Moon.
Still, Korolev 10.02.28 When I was a girl I'd read Voyage to the Moon by Jules Verne. He saw this book and told me: “You know
MS 10.02.39 in your lifetime a human will walk on the Moon” I said: “That's impossible” But he looked at me very seriously Still, Korolev & Nataliya 10.02.44 and said: “No. Please, remember this day - I tell you, man will walk on the moon”.
10.02.53 NARRATOR
Sky SERGEI KOROLEV DARED TO DREAM IN A
NATION WHERE DREAMS HAD TO BOW
BEFORE THE WILL OF THE STATE.
Moon stuff & Office Desk 10.03.04 AT HIS MOSCOW HOME, KOROLEV DEVISED A PLAN TO MAKE HIS DREAM A NATIONAL PRIORITY.
(SHORT PAUSE)
Books on desk etc.. TO JUSTIFY HIS QUEST, HE INVOKED A RUSSIAN HERO. THE SCIENTIST KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY HAD PLANNED A MOON LANDING EVEN BEFORE THE WRIGHT BROTHERS TOOK FLIGHT.
WITH HISTORY ON HIS SIDE KOROLEV PROMISED TO DELIVER COMMUNISM ITS GREATEST TRIUMPH - VICTORY IN THE RACE TO THE MOON.
Moon Shots 10.03.42
HARFORD
You have to remember that Korolev had a consuming
MS 10.03.49 passion for space flight, way back. I mean he himself
Still Korolev & pilots 10.03.52 had been a …a originally as a student he had been a glider designer, glider pilot…. this young fellow, who MS 10.04.01 whose dreams were not only to go to the Moon but to Still Korolev & go to Mars and Venus.
First rocket launch, 1933 10.04.04 You know. his bag was a big one.
10.04.07 NARRATOR
IN 1933, KOROLEV LIT THE FUSE ON THE FIRST SOVIET ROCKET.
Still Korolev & 1930 10.04.14 THEN ANNOUNCED TO HIS TEAM OF YOUNG
Team of designers ENGINEERS: "OUR ROCKETS MUST CONQUER SPACE."
Archive, 1930s train 10.04.21
Library Music Starts 10.04.22
10.04.24 NARRATOR
HIS ENTHUSIASM FIT THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.
NARRATOR cont….
Archive, Various Industrial 10.04.27 THROUGH SCIENCE, THE SOVIET UNION
Russian scenes PLANNED TO BUILD A COMMUNIST UTOPIA THAT WOULD OVERPOWER THE WEST.
1935 rocket engine 10.04.37
10.04.41 FOR A WHILE, IT DID SEEM POSSIBLE. KOROLEV'S TEAM WAS ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF ROCKET DESIGN.
Archive, Rocket in Red Sq 10.04.53 BY 1938, THEIR ROCKET POWERED AIRPLANE
Stalin watching HAD CAUGHT THE ATTENTION OF THE
KREMLIN LEADERSHIP ITSELF.
YET STALIN HAD COME TO VIEW SUCH ALL INNOVATION WITH DEEP SUSPICION.
Sky shots 10.05.12
Still, Korolev’s team 1930s 10.05.15 IN A RUTHLESS PURGE, THE LEADING LIGHTS OF SOVIET ROCKETRY WERE ARRESTED ON TRUMPED UP CHARGES OF SABOTAGE.
Archive, Gulag prison 1930s 10.05.25
10.05.29 ALONG WITH HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF Still, Korolev imprisoned 10.05.30 HIS FELLOW COUNTRYMEN, WAS CONDEMNED TO STALIN'S GULAG.
Moon from moving train 10.05.42
10.05.48 AS THE YEARS PASSED, KOROLEV'S DREAM OF Archive, Shots of Gulag 10.05.53 REACHING THE MOON WAS SLIPPING AWAY.
Moon from moving train 10.05.56
Archive, of Von Braun 10.06.02 IN GERMANY WERNER VON BRAUN GAVE HIS
& V2s launching WW2 NATION THE LEAD IN ROCKET DESIGN WITH THE V2-- A POTENT WEAPON KOROLEV'S TEAM COULD WELL HAVE MATCHED.
MS 10.06.15 HARFORD
When you think of it, what it did to the Russian Space Programme, because they could have had those teams working together throughout the war, and likely they would at least have been up to the Germans, and maybe ahead of the Germans.
Archive, V2s Rockets 10.06.29
captured by Russia
10.06.32 NARRATOR
AT THE END OF THE WAR, STALIN WANTED THIS NEW WEAPON FOR HIMSELF.
(SHORT PAUSE)
Still, Korolev standing 10.06.40 SERGEI KOROLEV'S ENGINEERING SKILLS
on engine WERE SUDDENLY IN DEMAND.
Energia factory, 10.06.48
tracks leading up to gate 10.06.54 IN A RUN-DOWN MOSCOW FACTORY,
old buildings KOROLEV'S TEAM WOULD ATTEMPT TO BUILD THE ROCKET STALIN WANTED.
10.07.03 MISHIN
I was shocked by the condition of this plant. It was not MS 10.07.08 capable of producing these rockets. We had to start from nothing.
Various buildings 10.07.13
10.07.16 HARFORD V/O
At the end of the war these people were absolutely flat on their back… and they were given an old artillery plant outside of Moscow. I mean a mess. It was. They used to have to use boxes for their design tables for their engineers. The roof leaked, it was cold as hell
MS 10.07.35 inside…they didn’t have any food; they had to actually commandeer plots to grow their own vegetables
Sky shot 10.07.39
Archive, Korolev, 10.07.43 KOROLEV, AS IF MAKING UP FOR LOST TIME,
meeting on train PLOUGHED ALL HIS ENERGY INTO HIS WORK, INSPIRING BOTH FEAR AND AWE AMONG HIS TEAM.
MS 10.07.57 KERIMOV
He had relentless determination, almost like a disease. Still, Korolev on phone 10.08.04 He'd been through hell - in jail for six years - and this made him very strong.
Archive, V2 under 10.08.10
Construction 10.08.13 NARRATOR
KOROLEV TOLD STALIN HE COULD DESIGN A BETTER ROCKET THAN THE GERMAN V2. BUT STALIN INSISTED ON AN EXACT COPY.
Launch Skyline 10.08.24
Archive, V2 Launch 10.08.27 WITHIN TWO YEARS, KOROLEV HAD DELIVERED.
MS 10.08.37 HARFORD
So you must remember that Korolev even though his assignment from Stalin was to build a long range ballistic missile, he wanted to go to space
Hammer & sickle statue 10.08.50
10.08.53 NARRATOR
WITH THE DAWN OF THE COLD WAR, BOTH AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION WANTED ROCKETS POWERFUL ENOUGH TO DELIVER THE ULTIMATE WEAPON.
Archive, 1954, first 10.09.06
USSR h-bomb test 10.09.16 KHRUSHCHEV V/O
Plus various explosions All the people were very scared it was the beginning of the co, cold war but it was not long ago after the real war where half of Soviet Union were destroyed, so it MS 10.09.29 was, we were very scared on the all levels from the top politicians to the people how we can defend ourselves.
Still, Khrushchev 10.09.35
10.09.37 NARRATOR
WHEN SERGEI KHRUSHCHEV'S FATHER
CAME TO POWER IN 1953, HE TOLD KOROLEV
TO BUILD A NUCLEAR MISSILE THAT COULD REACH AMERICA.
Drawings on chalkboard 10.09.48
10.09.55 NARRATOR
THE TASK WAS MONUMENTAL -- THE NEW ROCKET WOULD HAVE TO CARRY A FIVE TON WARHEAD FIVE THOUSAND MILES.
Drawing of inside R7 rocket 10.10.10 KRYKOV
To deliver the nuclear warhead, our rocket had to be MS 10.10.15 huge. Korolev was very enthusiastic -- with such a powerful rocket, he could go into space.
R7 Rocket various shots 10.10.21
Rocket drawings 10.10.29 NARRATOR
WITH FIVE MAIN ENGINES, FUELLED BY A
R7 Rocket various shots 10.10.34 LETHAL MIX OF KEROSENE AND OXYGEN, THE R7 ROCKET WAS DESIGNED TO BE THE MOST POWERFUL MISSILE THE WORLD HAD EVER SEEN.
10.10.51 HARFORD
Khrushchev in his memoirs tells the story of um. Of um walking around the R7 vehicle, with Korolev and he said he and his fellows from the Politburo were in absolute awe of this thing
Pan up to R7 Launch Site, 10.11.13
Baikonur 10.11.24 NARRATOR
IN THE SPRING OF 1957, AT A SECRET LOCATION ON THE STEPPES OF KAZAKHSTAN,
Still, Korolev & team at 10.11.32 KOROLEV'S TEAM PREPARED TO TEST THE
Launch site ROCKET THAT WOULD BE THE CORNERSTONE OF THEIR NATION'S DEFENSE, AND THEIR KEY TO REACHING SPACE.
GV’s launch site & rooms 10.11.42
10.11.45 KRYUKOV V/O
The conditions at our launch site were terrible, but we were so enthusiastic none of us cared. We had a song: MS 10.11.56 it talked about bed bugs, long roads to nowhere, awful food…somehow, we enjoyed it.
Still, team at launch site 10.12.03
(whistling begins)
10.12.05 NARRATOR
AS THE TESTS DRAGGED FROM SPRING INTO SUMMER, THE TEAM'S ENTHUSIASM WAS SORELY TESTED.
FOLKSONG 10.12.11
GV’s of Rocket and site
Archive, R7 brought to 10.12.20
launch pad by train
Rocket steam 10.12.24
Archive, Korolev watches 10.12.25
launch – it explodes
10.12.57 NARRATOR
IN AUGUST 1957, AFTER 5 FAILURES, THE R-7
Still, rocket takes off 10.12.59 SUCCESSFULLY FLEW MORE THAN 4000 MILES -- THE WORLD'S FIRST
INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILE.
Train tracks, pan up to 10.13.13 NARRATOR
Baikonur warehouse KOROLEV IMMEDIATELY TURNED TO HIS REAL OBJECTIVE. HIS TEAM WAS SECRETLY BUILDING SOMETHING THE WORLD HAD NEVER SEEN BEFORE -- A SATELLITE
MS 10.13.29 FEOKTISTOV
We had an ambition to take the first step into a new world, to do what had never been done before.
CU top of rocket 10.13.37
10.13.38 HARFORD
Korolev goes to Khrushchev and says ‘You know I can MS 10.13.43 put a satellite up’. You know I sort of fantasised that it went like ‘You what... you’ll put a satellite up?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘What’s that?’
Still, Sputnik blueprints 10.13.49
10.13.52 KHRUSHCHEV V/O
When Korolev told we can launch this err, ball in space, and will be ahead of Americans my father only ask will MS 10.14.00 you hurt our defence programme, Korolev answered no, Still, drawings of sputnik 10.14.06 so my father told go ahead.
10.14.10 KRYUKOV
Korolev desperately wanted to launch a satellite before MS 10.14.13 the Americans. So we built a very simple satellite -- just a small ball with a radio transmitter inside. Korolev wanted the whole world could hear. BEEP BEEP BEEP
Steam on rocket before 10.14.23
launch
Archive, Sputnik launch 10.14.27
10.14.35 NARRATOR
ON OCTOBER 4TH, 1957 SPUTNIK BECAME THE FIRST MANMADE OBJECT TO REACH ORBIT.
Archive, Sputnik from earth 10.14.42
Archive, ball and 10.14.46
"beep beep beep"
Sputnik model 10.14.53
10.15.56 NARRATOR
AS IT FLOATED OVERHEAD KOROLEV'S TINY SPHERE SHOOK AMERICA'S ASSUMPTIONS OF Florida beaches 10.15.00 ITS OWN SUPERIORITY.
Florida waves on beach 10.15.07
Man on beach
Florida driving shots 10.15.15
10.15.15 SEAMANS V/O
I was driving home, had the radio on, and suddenly heard that the, that the Soviets had, had, had put a MS 10.15.23 satellite into space, and I remember the, the reaction I had at that time like, it hit me just about the time I was coming down our driveway going into my, the garage and I thought, this did not have to happen this way, we had the capability of doing it, and I was, I was chagrined that the, that err we had not been first.
Stills, Newspaper headlines 10.15.40
10.15.42 KHRUSHCHEV
Nobody, not my father, not Korolev not myself, err, err MS 10.15.47 think how it will be reaction on the west.
Stills, Newspaper headlines 10.15.51
10.15.56 HARFORD V/O
One of the Russians told me ‘Harford you must find Still, Pravda 10.15.58 Pravda for October 5th, only 2 paragraphs, then find MS 10.16.05 October 6th, when Khrushchev found the reaction was around the world’
Rostrum shots of Pravda 10.16.09
10.16.14 MISHIN
Our leadership suddenly understood that space was MS 10.16.20 good propaganda. We'd all gone on holiday, but we were ordered to launch another satellite within a month.
Archive, Laika the dog 10.16.28
10.16.29 NARRATOR
INSIDE SPUTNIK 2 KOROLEV PUT LAIKA -- THE
Archive, animation of 10.16.33
FIRST LIVING CREATURE TO REACH SPACE.
Laika in space
10.16.48 SEAMANS V/O
It was obvious that err, where they had actually already put a dog in space that they were leading up to a
MS 10.16.55 manned programme and that they were gonna carry it out as soon as they could.
Archive, US rocket failures 10.16.59
10.17.06 NARRATOR
AMERICA'S SPACE PROGRAM WAS IN A DISMAL STATE
10.17.15 EISENHOWER HAD ORDERED THE MILITARY TO PERFECT A NUCLEAR MISSILE BEFORE LAUNCHING A SATELLITE.
10.17.28 BUT KOROLEV'S TRIUMPHS PUT THE PRESIDENT ON THE DEFENSIVE
American flag 10.17.32
10.17.39 EISENHOWER V/O
Speed of progress in the satellite project cannot be Archive Picture WS, 10.17.40 taken as an index of our progress in ballistic missile Eisenhower press conference work.
American flag 10.17.45 Our satellite program has never been conducted as a race with other nations.
Archive, Rocket failure 10.17.52
Archive, von Braun with 10.17.57
explorer 1 10.17.59 NARRATOR
“ WITH THE NATION'S PRIDE AT STAKE, WERNER “ VON BRAUN, NOW AMERICA'S TOP DESIGNER, Rocket launches WAS TOLD TO LAUNCH A SATELLITE - FAST.
Moon moves across screen 10.18.21
10.18.22 KOROLEV'S SET HIS OWN SIGHTS EVEN HIGHER.
Shots of Probe 10.18.29
10.18.32 HE SENT A PROBE TO THE MOON, A QUARTER OF A MILLION MILES AWAY.
CU of Moon 10.18.37
10.18.41 NARRATOR
IT WAS THE FIRST MANMADE OBJECT TO Archive, Animation of 10.18.43 REACH ANOTHER WORLD.
probe to moon
Archive, Man reading 10.18.46
Cleveland Press
Emblem - Soviet probe 10.18.49 NARRATOR
TINY HAMMERS & SYCHLES -- EMBLEMS OF Archive, probe crashes on 10.18.53 COMMUNISM -- SCATTERED ACROSS THE
moon, animation LUNAR SURFACE.
Still, Khrushchev with 10.19.03 AT THE WHITE HOUSE THE NEXT DAY,
model probe and KHRUSCHEV FLAUNTED COMMUNISM'S Eisenhower LATEST TRIUMPH.
Cosmonaut statue 10.19.12
Archive, Super8 Korolev 10.19.22
and Khrushchev 10.19.23 KHRUSHCHEV V/O
EVERYONE WANTED MORE…But of course my father was very excited, so he met with Korolev many times, MS 10.19.31 and asking what you can do more, what are, what is your new plans.
Shots of USA flags 10.19.35
and rocket 10.19.37 NARRATOR
KOROLEV KNEW AMERICA HOPED TO SEND THE FIRST MAN INTO SPACE.
Archive, US astronauts 10.19.41
lined up (PAUSE)
Archive, Soviet cosmonauts 10.19.44
training 10.19.47 SECRETLY, SOVIET COSMONAUTS BEGAN Archive, b/w footage of 10.19.50 TRAINING TO BEAT THEM.
cosmonauts training
Still, Drawing of capsule 10.19.56 KOROLEV'S TEAM BUILT A SPACESHIP TO CARRY A MAN…
Round capsule 10.20.02 BUT THE MILITARY WANTED THE NEW CAPSULE FOR ESPIONAGE.
Archive, Korolev in action 10.20.08
10.20.11 KERIMOV V/O
Korolev wanted to use the capsule to send a man into space before building a spy satellite.
MS 10.20.16 He allowed no debate. Frankly, we in the military began to fight him.
Round capsule 10.20.22
10.20.25 FEOKSTITOV
MS 10.20.26 The military said our main job was to serve national security. Even Korolev could not openly go against that…so he went over their heads.
Archive, Super 8 of 10.20.35
Khrushchev & Korolev 10.20.37 NARRATOR
KOROLEV PURSUADED KHRUSHCHEV TO OVER-RULE THE GENERALS. THE CAPSULE
Int. Capsule 10.20.42 WOULD CARRY A MAN.
Round capsule 10.20.48
(PAUSE)
Black car driving 10.20.51
through roads 10.20.56 DESPITE HIS GROWING INFLUENCE, THE CHIEF DESIGNER REMAINED A MYSTERY.
Black car swings round 10.21.05 IN LATE 1960, KOROLEV MET HIS
by building COSMONAUTS FOR THE FIRST TIME, JUST WEEKS BEFORE HE'D ATTEMPT TO SEND ONE OF THEM INTO SPACE.
Black car stops 10.21.16 LEONOV
Door opens This was a most serious automobile. A man stepped MS 10.21.21 out. He had a powerful presence, and deep penetrating Archive, Korolev meets 10.21.27 eyes. When he saw us, he seemed to cheer up...we felt he with cosmonauts liked us.
MS 10.21.32 He spoke to each of us in turn. Then he came to
Still, Korolev with Gagarin 10.21.36 Gagarin…He spoke to Yuri Gagarin for a long time…it
MS 10.21.42 was as if he forgot about the rest of us.
Still, Korolev with 10.21.44 Finally, he turned to all of us, and called us his “little cosmonauts eagles”.
MS 10.21.52 He said our journey into space would stay with us for the rest of our lives. And then he left.
Black car leaving 10.21.59
Dark moody sky 10.22.09
Various shots of rocket 10.22.13
10.22.23 NARRATOR
IN APRIL 1961, THE WORLD'S FIRST MANNED SPACESHIP WAS TRANSPORTED TO ITS LAUNCH PAD.
YURI GAGARIN WOULD BE THE PILOT.
Launch Site 10.22.42
Archive, Korolev speaks, 10.22.49 KOROLEV (SPEAKING RUSSIAN)
Gagarin formally chosen I wish you a successful flight, and a successful return to earth, and a hope that our cosmonauts and our ships
R7 on rails 10.23.01 will travel to the furthest reaches of space.
Archive, Gagarin speaks 10.23.07 GAGARIN V/O (SPEAKING RUSSIAN)
You have entrusted me with the task of making the first Archive picture WS 10.23.10 journey into space. If I should run into any difficulties Baikonur, rocket rolls out 10.23.14 on the way, I will react the way a communist would various shots of rocket at site react.
MS 10.24.08 MISHIN
Yuri Gagarin - the whole world would know him. But without Korolev, there would be no Gagarin.
Moon at night 10.24.17
Rocket on pad at night 10.24.26
10.24.28 NARRATOR
ON THE EVE OF THE LAUNCH, KOROLEV SPENT A SLEEPLESS NIGHT.
Night, Korolev's house 10.24.33
at Baikonur
10.24.37 KRYUKOV V/O
Naturally, Korolev was nervous before that launch…he understood there were no guarantees. Sending a HUMAN into space at that time... That could be only Day, Launch site in distance 10.24.47 done by Korolev. The mission required his sureness and decisiveness. Personally, I wouldn't have launched a man at that time.
Archive, Gagarin final preps 10.24.55
10.25.20 Korolev did not want me at Gagarin's launch. I'd seen too many of our rockets blow up…
MS 10.25.25 He said everyone was nervous enough, and I would be bad luck.
Archive, Gagarin in rocket 10.25.31
R7 on pad, smoking 10.25.34
10.25.39 NARRATOR
ON THE MORNING OF APRIL 12TH 1961 YURI Archive, Gagarin in rocket 10.25.43 GAGARIN SAT ATOP A MODIFIED NUCLEAR Rocket on launch pad 10.25.46 MISSILE, READY TO FLY INTO SPACE.
Archive, Gagarin launch 10.25.53
Round capsule in dark, 10.26.26
window
Moon moves through screen 10.26.44
Archive, Int Capsule in 10.26.51
space 10.26.53 NARRATOR
GAGARIN CIRCLED THE EARTH ONCE.
THEN LANDED ON THE PLAINS OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA.
Archive, Korolev inspects 10.27.00
Capsule 10.27.06 AWAY FROM THE LIMELIGHT, KOROLEV INSPECTED HIS CAPSULE.
MOSCOW PREPARED TO GREET A HERO.
Archive, Moscow, Gagarin 10.27.18
Returns celebration- b/w 10.27.20 KHRUSHCHEV V/O
The reaction of the Moscovites was much bigger than the launch of the first satellite it was real proudness of the all the people, it was filled with the people, people Archive, more Gagarin 10.27.29 were everywhere and the balcons in the err, windows, celebration - colour on the roofs of the even, multi-storey buildings they’re sitting everywhere looking for this first man in the world it’s possible to compare with the celebration with the victory in the second world war.
Gagarin at Red Square 10.27.50
10.27.58 NARRATOR
KOROLEV LONGED TO STAND WITH GAGARIN BEFORE THE CROWDS. BUT THE KREMLIN FEARED THEIR CHIEF DESIGNER MIGHT BE KILLED BY AMERICAN SPIES.
10.28.13 NATASHA KOROLEVA V/O
I went to Red Square with some friends. One of them turned to me and said: “I would love to know who was this Chief Designer who launched Gagarin? I was desperate to tell them that this was my father, but I
MS 10.28.26 couldn't, because his name was secret, and I had been told never, not under any circumstances, reveal what Archive, more Red Square 10.28.32 my is my father really did.
Various buildings, 10.28.43
train tracks 10.28.55 NARRATOR
THE NEXT DAY, INSIDE HIS MOSCOW COMPOUND, KOROLEV STAGED A CELEBRATION FOR HIS SECRET WORKFORCE Archive, Korolev addresses 10.29.02 AND THE MAN HE'D MADE A HERO.
huge crowd of workers.
10.29.07 KOROLEV
Comrades I would like to express my deep gratitude for your wonderful work. I think that we will see many more space flights thanks to your intellect, your golden hands and your remarkable innovation.
Still: Gagarin and Korolev 10.29.24
10.29.25 HARFORD V/O
The launch of Yuri Gagarin was monumentally important to Korolev as it was to the world; first man in MS 10.29.35 space… that made possible human space flight, that made his dreams of going to the Moon, and going to Mars, that much closer to reality.
White house, American flag 10.29.45
10.29.48 SEAMANS V/O
It’s hard to, to get across the idea today of what happened, err as a result of Gagarin, the Congress were absolutely up in arms…
MS 10.29.56 Why are we so slow, why had they beaten us again, why weren’t we working overtime, double time. Of course one of the answers was very simple they hadn't given us the funds for it, but you couldn't say that to them.
Seaman on his balcony 10.30.07
& overlooking grounds 10.30.10 NARRATOR
ROBERT SEAMANS TOLD PRESIDENT KENNEDY THERE WAS STILL ONE SPACE RACE THE AMERICANS COULD WIN.
10.30.18 SEAMANS V/O
I realised that I had said yes we can within the decade, go to the moon, I thought, you know am I nuts or not. When you looked at the overall err, err and let perhaps MS 10.30.31 on likelihood you say of doing it. When you saw the moon and you’re standing on the earth, it was somewhat staggering.
Moon shot 10.30.36
Audio Archive, Kennedy 10.30.44 KENNEDY V/O
speech to Congress, I believe that this nation should commit itself to announcing moon program achieving the goal before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth
Korolev home, moon photos 10.31.00
10.31.01 NARRATOR
AT HIS MOSCOW HOME, SERGEI KOROLEV STUDIED THE MOON'S SURFACE FOR LANDING SITES. HE REALISED HE COULD USE AMERICA'S CHALLENGE TO FUFILL HIS LIFELONG DREAM.
Black car comes through 10.31.17
Gate 10.31.23 HE SET OUT TO CONVINCE THE KREMLIN THAT THE SOVIET UNION COULD WIN THE MOON RACE.
NARRATOR cont…
HE ASKED FOR VAST RESOURCES AND FUNDING FOR A MASSIVE NEW ROCKET. YET HIS AMBITIOUS PLANS SPARKED JEALOUSIES, AND CREATED POWERFUL ENEMIES.
10.31.48 FAVORSKY V/O
Korolev became more interested in space and going
MS 10.31.52 to the moon, and less interested in combat rockets. This was very undesirable.
Black car 10.31.59
10.32.04 NARRATOR
WITH 30,000 WORKERS AT HIS COMMAND, KOROLEV STUCK TO HIS OWN AGENDA HE LAUNCHED THE FIRST WOMAN IN SPACE, AND Archive, Korolev with 10.32.15 DELIVERED TRIUMPHS THAT STUNNED THE female cosmonauts WORLD.
Archive, Korolev 10.32.21 KHRUSHCHEV V/O
When we look at the Korolev his personality… he was MS 10.32.28 the, general, like Napoleon or like Marshall Zhukov who can win the war
Archive, Cosmonaut 10.32.31 HARFORD V/O
on launch pad His job, his responsibilities, if you were to equate them to the US would involve five major aerospace
MS 10.32.40 companies, several NASA centres, university research Black Car driving 10.32.43 centres…All of them however came under Sergei Pavlovich Korolev].
Archive, female cosmonaut 10.32.53
prepares to launch.
Rocket Launches 10.33.00 SEAMANS V/O
As time went on we began to get clues that there was a Black car driving 10.33.03 chief designer…and so we knew that we were dealing MS 10.33.08 with somebody err, who was very competent and, and very imaginative and was going do his best to, to carry Archive, Gagarin, female 10.33.13 out a moon programme before we did.
cosmonaut & Korolev
MS 10.33.17 LEONOV
He was fanatical. Space was his entire life.
Black car splashes 10.33.23
Archive, Khrushchev 10.33.30
and military leaders 10.33.32 NARRATOR
KHRUSCHEV SUMMONED THE SOVIET LEADERSHIP TO HIS PRIVATE DACHA…FOR A DECISION ON WHETHER TO FUND A MOON PROGRAM AT THE EXPENSE OF THE MILITARY.
NARRATOR cont…
THE GENERALS COULD OFFER NOTHING TO MATCH THE GLORY THAT KOROLEV'S SPACE PROGRAM HAD ALREADY ACHIEVED FOR COMMUNISM.
Still, N1-L3 Rocket drawing 10.33.54
10.33.57 IN THE TEETH OF MILITARY OPPOSTION, KOROLEV WON BACKING FOR A MASSIVE NEW ROCKET TO CARRY A COSMONAUT TO THE MOON.
N1 hanger 10.34.13
10.34.21 HARFORD V/O
The most important project for Korolev’s long-term dream of space exploration was the N1 programme. This was a giant rocket…
Still, Drawing of capsule 10.34.35 Well the N1 was going to be able to take them to the Moon, and his hope was that he was going to be able to MS 10.34.42 um put upper stages on it, that it was going to take them to Mars as well, and Venus.
Exterior shots round 10.34.46
N1 hanger 10.34.48 NARRATOR
THE N1 ROCKET WAS TOP SECRET. BUT NASA OFFICIALS HAD ACCESS TO AMERICA'S SPY SATELLITES.
Still, satellite photos of 10.34.55
construction 10.34.59 SEAMANS V/O
I never forget the day that we, we, we saw a, a new building at their launch facility… we realised that they Int N1 Hanger 10.35.07 must be building a rocket that could only be used for some kind of a lunar programme… till then we, we’d assumed they were gonna have a programme… but
MS 10.35.15 when you actually saw it err, on the film, we said Ok, this is a real contest.
Sky shots 10.35.21
Korolev's models of 10.35.25
Spacecraft 10.35.28 NARRATOR
IN HIS STUDY, SERGEI KOROLEV SURROUNDED HIMSELF WITH REMINDERS OF HIS TRIUMPHS IN SPACE.
Korolev's study at home, 10.35.47
cu on American magazines 10.35.49 YET AS HE POURED OVER WESTERN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS, HE KNEW THAT AMERICA'S APOLLO PROGRAM HAD WON DECISIVE BACKING IN CONGRESS. THE FULL MIGHT OF AMERICA'S MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX NOW THREATENED TO ROB KOROLEV OF HIS DREAM.
Apollo rocket 10.36.10
Archive, John Glenn & 10.36.13 SEAMANS V/O
Apollo Rocket testing We had at least 400 thousand people in this country, working on the Apollo program, now there’s the, the US Rocket 10.36.21 Soviets did not have that base to. They tended to be very compartmentalized…They could not suddenly
MS 10.36.26 expand their effort, err, the, the way we could and the way we actually did.
Archive, John Glenn 10.36.30
prepares to launch
Int hanger, various shots 10.36.33 HARFORD V/O
It must have been apparent to Korolev circa 1964, that Archive, John Glenn 10.36.39 he was going to have one hell of a time to, to beat us.
Rocket launches
MS 10.36.45 Still he had the ingenuity to do things that made it look as is if he was doing well
Sky shot 10.36.50
Still, Leonov photo 10.36.56 NARRATOR
KOROLEV ASKED ALEXEI LEONOV TO FLY THE MOST DANGEROUS SPACE MISSION SO FAR.
Leonov painting a picture 10.37.08
10.37.15 LEONOV V/O
He said: “Come here, little eagle." He put it very simply: a sailor on a ship must be able to swim,
Still, of Leonov’s painting 10.37.25 and so a cosmonaut aboard a spacecraft must be able to swim in space
10.37.34 NARRATOR
KOROLEV ATTACHED AN AIRLOCK TO THE Shots of airlock 10.37.36 CAPSULE…LEONOV WOULD HAVE TO CRAWL DOWN THIS TUBE INTO THE VACUUM OF SPACE.
Mock-up of cosmonaut 10.37.45
preparing for launch
Archive, Leonov prepares 10.37.50
for launch
Mock-up of cosmonaut 10.37.54
10.37.57 LEONOV V/O
Archive, Leonov prepares 10.37.58 He told me this ship is experimental, and emergencies are possible.
Mock-up of cosmonaut 10.38.02 But I know, you are ready for them.
Archive, Leonov prepares 10.38.10
Mock-up of cosmonaut 10.38.13
Archive, Leonov prepares 10.38.16
Mock-up of cosmonaut 10.38.18
LEONOV V/O
Archive, Leonov prepares 10.38.24 He said to me: “I can not give you any instructions.
Rocket on launch pad 10.38.28 Nobody has done what you are about to do. Then he Archive, Korolev at launch 10.38.34 thought for a little bit and added: “And also Lesha, I wish you a fair solar wind”. He embraced me, kissed my cheek and walked away. I turned around - he was standing there looking at me. He didn’t wave. He just silently looked at me.
Rocket launching 10.38.54
Archive, Leonov’s space 10.39.03
walk 10.39.17 NARRATOR
KOROLEV'S WARNING WAS PRESCIENT –
Inside airlock 10.39.23 THERE WAS AN EMERGENCY. LEONOV
Archive, Leonov’s walk 10.39.25 COULDN'T GET BACK IN.
Shots of space tubing 10.39.34
(PAUSE)
Archive, Leonov in space 10.39.36
Int. airlock 10.39.38 WITH HIS OXYGEN NEARLY GONE, LEONOV Archive, Leonov in space 10.39.40 DEFLATED HIS SPACE SUIT AND MANAGED TO struggles into airlock SQUEEZE INSIDE.
Newspaper Headlines 10.39.51
Still, Leonov’s painting 10.40.00
10.40.11 LEONOV V/O
After the mission, Sergei Pavolich wrote me a note. It read, Dear Alesha, I wish you great successes in space, MS 10.40.22 and may the solar wind always blow your way. Solar wind, solar wind, solar wind.
Space obelisk 10.40.33
Lunar lander 10.40.56 NARRATOR
BY 1965, KOROLEV'S TEAM WAS SECRETLY DESIGNING THE SOVIET LUNAR LANDER. Still, Leonov 10.41.05 KOROLEV WANTED ALEXEI LEONOV TO BE THE FIRST MAN TO WALK ON THE MOON.
Lunar lander 10.41.15
Deserted launch pad 10.41.23 YET KOROLEV STILL NEEDED A ROCKET POWERFUL ENOUGH TO CARRY A COSMONAUT AND THE LUNAR LANDER.
N1 crawler 10.41.36 THE N-1 WAS IN DEEP TROUBLE. THE MASSIVE EXPENSE OF A MOON PROGRAM WAS STRAINING THE SOVIET UNION'S LIMITED RESOURCES.
N1 crawler 10.41.49 FAVORSKY
We in the military always felt that the America's moon MS 10.41.53 program pushed our country in the wrong direction. We refused to support these pointless adventures…and we would never sacrifice our nuclear missiles for a moon program.
Still, Korolev 10.42.06
10.42.11 HARFORD
So Korolev is under immense pressure…he didn’t even MS 10.42.15 get a decree that authorised him to do testing of the N1 until 1964. He had rivals. So the poor guy never got Still, Korolev at meeting 10.42.22 the kind of backing that he needed. My own feeling is MS 10.42.28 that towards the end of 1965 he knew he wasn’t going to make it.
Moon moves through screen 10.42.36
Night Korolev's house, 10.42.45 NARRATOR
slo. mo. with music ON A COLD NIGHT IN JANUARY, 1966 KOROLEV INVITED YURI GAGARIN AND ALEXEI LEONOV TO HIS HOME.
10.42.56 LEONOV
We had a bottle of cheap Russian brandy. Sergei
MS 10.43.02 Pavlovich began to tell us what he had never told anybody before. He spoke of being in prison, in the Archive, Gulag 10.43.12 gulag. They beat him - called him an enemy of the people. He said he was innocent, that he loved his
MS 10.43.20 country. But his captors were people who didn’t think.
Korolev's house 10.43.28
Still, Young Korolev 10.43.31
10.43.33 NATASHA
Looking back, it is striking that people who suffered at the hands of their government still remained devoted to MS 10.43.43 their country. But they did. As for my father, I think Still, Korolev 10.43.49 those years in prison made him very strong. He'd passed through fire, and was not afraid of anything.
Black car leaves home, 10.44.02
gate closes 10.44.10 NARRATOR
A FEW DAYS LATER, KOROLEV WENT TO THE HOSPITAL FOR A ROUTINE OPERATION.
THE SURGEONS FOUND A LARGE TUMOR.
Archive, Korolev’s funeral 10.44.37 SERGEI KOROLEV DIED ON JANUARY 14TH, 1966.
Archive, cont… 10.45.06 NATALIYA V/O
His name was declassified the next day, his biography was published, his portrait released. Thousands of people passed along his coffin, they wanted to see the person who'd opened the space age. It was very
MS 10.45.22 touching, that so many people came on those cold, Archive, Korolev’s funeral 10.45.29 frosty January days. And so, in an ironic twist of fate, he received the recognition he'd craved only after his death.
10.45.43 KHRUSHCHEV
MS 10.45.49 The impact of Korolev's death was disastrous it is the same if err in the middle of the offensive you will lose your commander in chief.
Archive, Korolev’s funeral 10.45.55
Moon covered by clouds 10.45.59
R7 rocket rolls out 10.46.06
10.46.11 NARRATOR
AS IF SHAMED INTO ACTION, THE KREMLIN FINALLY BACKED KOROLEV'S MOON PROGRAM.
10.46.22 KRYUKOV
This word “first” – on the one hand it inspired us,
MS 10.46.28 while, on the other it spoiled everything. We had the first satellite, the first man in space, etc. etc. and this pressure finally made us take risks - to do things before we were ready.
Soyuz capsule, various 10.46.43
close ups 10.46.46 NARRATOR
ENGINEERS DETECTED 200 DESIGN FAULTS IN THE NEW SPACESHIP THAT WOULD CARRY A CREW FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON.
BUT THE GOVERNMENT DEMANDED A TEST IN SPACE. THE RESULT WAS A TRAGEDY.
Archive, re-entry 10.47.06
burning capsule 10.47.12 THE PARACHUTE FAILED. THE COSMONAUT DIED ON IMPACT.
Launch site at dawn 10.47.27
10.47.31 LEONOV
We felt Korolev's absence. No one wanted to take any MS 10.47.36 more risks. But we cosmonauts were ready to go to the moon.
Archive, Apollo 8 launch 10.47.43
10.47.50 NARRATOR
IN DECEMBER 1968, APOLLO 8 EMBARKED ON A TRAILBLAZING MISSION AROUND THE MOON.
Archive, cont.. 10.48.11 NARRATOR cont…
IT WAS A FLIGHT THE SOVIETS PROBABLY COULD HAVE MADE…BUT WITHOUT KOROLEV'S LEADERSHIP, AMERICANS WERE Archive, Apollo 8 10.48.23 THE FIRST TO GET A CLOSE VIEW OF ANOTHER
view of moon WORLD.
10.48.32 LEONOV
When Apollo 8 went around the moon I was very proud for mankind, and I wished the astronauts every success. MS 10.48.45 But it was very very sad for us. We'd held everything in our hands -- after spending huge amounts of money and years of our lives, we let this slip away from us. It was a pity.
Dark moody sky 10.49.01
Hanger 10.49.05 NARRATOR
A FEW MONTHS LATER, KOROLEV'S MOON Archive, N1 rolled onto pad 10.49.08 ROCKET WAS READY AT LAST.
HIS TEAM WERE DETERMINED TO FULFIL KOROLEV'S DREAM, AND REACH THE MOON.
Baikonur, launch pad 10.49.20
Archive, Baikonur 10.49.23 THE N-1, NEARLY THE SIZE OF AMERICA'S
launch pad SATURN FIVE, WAS PREPARED FOR AN UNMANNED TEST...
Archive, N1 test, 10.49.36
3 July 69 explosion 10.49.38 NARRATOR
AT DAWN ON JULY 3RD, THE ROCKET EXPLODED ON TAKE-OFF.
Archive, Apollo 11 in space 10.50.01
10.50.16 SEVENTEEN DAYS LATER, NEIL ARMSTRONG STEPPED ONTO THE MOON.
Archive, NYC parade for 10.50.25
Apollo 11 10.50.36 KHRUSHCHEV
When we talk about the, race to the moon… I think that Soviet Union spend this money MS 10.50.43 and…they lost everything, I think very important to understand when you have to stop.
Baikonur sunset 10.50.53
Archive, N1 parts scattered 10.50.59
& pig pens 10.51.02 NARRATOR
STUNG BY ITS DEFEAT, THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT DESTROYED ALL REMAINNG
N-1 ROCKETS…ONE BECAME A PIG PEN. OFFICIALLY, THE SOVIET MOON PROGRAM NEVER HAPPENED.
Exterior, building 10.51.21
10.51.23 NARRATOR
IN A MOSCOW WAREHOUSE, THE LUNAR
Track across Lenin photos, 10.51.25 LANDER SAT GATHERING DUST.
reveal moon lander
10.51.33 SEAMANS
It wasn’t until, until recently that, that a group from MIT actually was being escorted around their laboratories happened to look through a door, and said well what was that for, and, and their guide said well, err that’s what we had for the lunar lander… And that’s MS 10.51.50 the first hard evidence we had that they really had a lunar lander. And that they undoubtedly could have achieved a landing about the same time we did, perhaps even before, if they’d been successful with their big booster.
Baikonur sky 10.52.01
Still, Korolev and team 10.52.05
at Baikonur 10.52.07 NARRATOR
SERGEI KOROLEV HAD INSPIRED HIS YOUNG TEAM OF ENGINEERS TO REACH FOR THE STARS.
Launch site 10.52.17
Cosmonauts prepare to 10.52.20 GUIDED BY HIS DREAM, THEY NEARLY
launch ACHIEVED THE IMPOSSIBLE.
Shots of rocket
10.52.30 KRYUKOV
It was an amazing time. We worked together with enthusiasm in the face of this incredible challenge, with MS 10.52.376 a creativity we did not know we possessed.
Rocket ready to launch 10.52.43 KHRUSCHEV
I think that we still very proud of this because it is like the Christopher Columbus who discovered the America and opened the New World to everybody. And even
MS 10.52.55 when Spain decline err, it was still the achievement if we know Christopher Columbus much more than any Spain kings so I think Korolev will be in the memory of the world as Christopher Columbus of Space.
Rocket launches 10.53.10
END CREDITS
(rolled over montage of Korolev photos, launch Archive, etc)
Still, Korolev on bench 10.53.31
Archive, rocket launches 10.53.38
& explodes
Still, Khrushchev with 10.53.49
Gagarin
Archive, rocket explodes 10.53.55
Still, Korolev with dog 10.54.02
Korolev statue 10.54.11
END LOGO’S 10.54.21
-END- 10.54.30
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