MLA Secondary Citation Maker (based on 7th edition)



Notes and Examples - MLA Style

2009 Modifications to MLA Style

• No More Underlining! Underlining is no more. MLA now recommends italicizing titles of independently published works (books, periodicals, films, etc).

• No More URLs! While website entries will still include authors, article names, and website names, when available, MLA no longer requires URLs. Writers are, however, encouraged to provide a URL if the citation information does not lead readers to easily find the source. (For instructors or editors that still wish to require the use of URLs, MLA suggests that the URL appear in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLs only after slashes).

• Continuous Pagination? Who Cares? You no longer have to worry about whether scholarly publications employ continuous pagination or not. For all such entries, both volume and issue numbers are required, regardless of pagination.

• Publication Medium. Every entry receives a medium of publication marker. Most entries will be listed as Print or Web, but other possibilities include Performance, DVD, or TV. Most of these markers will appear at the end of entries; however, markers for Web sources are followed by the date of access.

• New Abbreviations. Many web source entries now require a publisher name, a date of publication, and/or page numbers. When no publisher name appears on the website, write N.p. for no publisher given. When sites omit a date of publication, write n.d. for no date. For online journals that appear only online (no print version) or on databases that do not provide pagination, write n. pag. for no pagination.

Source:

Helpful Resources:

WiseOwl Database: Click on “Literature” tab for Lit. Ref. Center and Scribners Writers Series. Also the InfoTrac (Gale Cengage) tab. The password within the wiseowl link is always wiseowl.

InfoTrac Database: The Virtual Reference Library has 2 e-books of interest: “Concise Major 21st C Writers” and “Feminism in Literature.” The password is pfaf_log when at school and pfaf_rpa when at home.

(username and password are reagan 495) and WebPath Express (part of the Destiny catalog) both target reliable, appropriate websites

is a comprehensive, well-organized site which provides help with all aspects of research and paper writing including paraphrasing, Works Cited, parenthetical citations, etc.

A Work in an Anthology

Works may include an essay in an edited collection or anthology, or a chapter of a book. The basic form is for this sort of citation is as follows:

Lastname, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor's Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page range of entry. Medium of Publication.

Anthology Example:

Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. 1845. Slave Narratives. Ed. William L. Andrews and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Lib. of Amer., 2000. 267-368. Print.

A Work in a Collection

To cite a previously published scholarly article in a collection, give the complete data for the earlier publication and then add Rpt.in, the title of the collection, and the new publication facts.

Example:

Holladay, Hillary. “Narrative Space in Ann Petry’s Country Place.” Xavier Review 16(1996):21-35. Rpt. in Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Linda Pavlovski and Scott Darga. Vol. 112. Detroit: Gale, 2002. 356-62. Print.

An Article in a Reference Book

Treat an encyclopedia article or a dictionary entry as you would a piece in a collection but do not cite the editor of the reference work. If the article is signed, begin the entry with the author’s name. (Look for initials at the end of the entry, then match initials with full name listed elsewhere). If the encyclopedia or dictionary is arranged alphabetically, you may omit volume and page numbers. For familiar reference books, omit full publication information and list only the edition (if stated) and the year of publication.

Examples:

Peers, Michele. “The Open Boat.” Beacham’s Encycolpedia of Popular Fiction. Ed. Kirk H. Beetz, Ph.D. 11 vols. Osprey, FL: Beacham Publishing Corp., 1998. Print.

“Ginsburg, Ruth Bader.” Who’s Who in America. 56th ed. 2002. Print.

Article in an Online Scholarly Journal That Also Appears in Print

Cite articles in online scholarly journals that also appear in print as you would a scholarly journal in print, including the page range of the article. Provide the medium of publication that you used (in this case, Web) and the date of access.

Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6.6 (2000): 595-600. Web. 8 Feb. 2009.

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