14-1 Human Heredity



14-1 Human Heredity Name ________________________________

1. What two organisms are called “model” organisms for genetics? ____________________________

2. What is a karyotype? _______________________________________________________________

3. How many chromosomes are in a normal human? _________

4. For sex chromosomes, females have __________ and males have __________

5. The other 44 chromosomes that are not related to sex are called _____________________________

6. Human geneticists must establish that a trait is actually inherited and not the result of ___________________________ ________________________________

7. A _____________________________________chart shows how a trait is inherited in a family.

8. See Fig 14-3.

a. How many children did the original parents in the family have? __________

b. How many grandchildren have the white forelock trait? _______________

c. A circle represents a ______________________________

9. What does “polygenic” mean? ________________________________________________

10. What environmental factor has improved the height of Americans? __________________________

11. Our complete set of genetic information is called The _________________ ___________________

12. Compared to peas and fruit flies, humans produce [ many / few ] offspring.

13. What was one of the first human genes to be identified? __________________________________

14. What happens if a person is given the wrong type of blood? ________________________________

15. What does Rh stand for? _________________________________________

16. A person who is Rh negative has [ two Rh- alleles | only one Rh- allele ]

17. How many alleles are there for blood type? _____________________

18. The alleles for blood type produce different _____________________ on the surface of red blood cells.

19. People with PKU lack the _____________________ needed to break down phenylalanine. Can a child born with PKU survive? ________

20. What group of people are most likely to carry Tay Sachs disease? _________________

Is there a cure for Tay Sachs? ______________

21. See Figure 14-6. Match the symptom to the disorder.

______mental deterioration and uncontrollable movement a. albinism

______ mucus builds up in the lungs b. Huntington’s disease

______ lack of pigment in skin and eyes c. cystic fibrosis

22. Name two disorders caused by dominant alleles:

_____________________________________________________________________________

23. What group of people is affected by Sickle cell disease? __________________________________

From Gene to Molecule

24. In both cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease, a small change in the DNA of a single __________ affects the structure of a __________________________, causing a serious genetic disorder.

25. What group of people are affected by Cystic Fibrosis? _________________________________

26. In patients with cyctic fibrosis, ____________________________ ions build up which causes tissues to malfunction.

27. Sickle shaped cells tend to get stuck in ___________________________________________

This can damage tissues and _________________________________

28. What protein in red blood cells carries oxygen? ____________________________________

29. People who are heterozygous for sickle cells are resistant to what disease? ___________________

30. The sickle cell alleles are thought to be _____________________________ because both alleles contribute to the phenotype.

How many different phenotypes are associated with the sickle cell allele? _______________

Human Genetics

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|blood |transfusion |genetics |chromosome |hemophilia |

|karyotype |dwarfism |sicklecell |taysachs |Fertilization |

|autosome |fruitfly |clone |cysticfibrosis |Heterozygous |

|recessive |dominant |pedigree |albino |inheritance |

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