Social Science - State Goal 17: Understand world geography ...



STATE GOAL 17: Understand world geography and the effects of geography on society, with an emphasis on the United States.

Why This Goal Is Important: The need for geographic literacy has never been greater or more obvious than in today's tightly interrelated world. Students must understand the world's physical features, how they blend with social systems and how they affect economies, politics and human interaction. Isolated geographic facts are not enough. To grasp geography and its effect on individuals and societies, students must know the broad concepts of spatial patterns, mapping, population and physical systems (land, air, water). The combination of geographic facts and broad concepts provides a deeper understanding of geography and its effects on individuals and societies.

A. Locate, describe and explain places, regions and features on the Earth.

|Early Elementary |Late Elementary |Middle/Junior High School |Early High School |Late High School |

|17.A.1a Identify physical |17.A.2a Compare the physical |17.A.3a Explain how people |17.A.4a Use mental maps of |17.A.5 Demonstrate how maps, |

|characteristics of places, |characteristics of places |use geographic markers and |physical features to answer |other geographic instruments |

|both local and global (e.g., |including soils, land forms, |boundaries to analyze and |complex geographic questions |and technologies are used to |

|locations, roads, regions, |vegetation, wildlife, climate,|navigate the Earth (e.g., |(e.g., how physical features |solve spatial problems (e.g., |

|bodies of water). |natural hazards. |hemispheres, meridians, |have deterred or enabled |land use, ecological |

| | |continents, bodies of water). |migration). |concerns). |

|17.A.1b Identify the |17.A.2b Use maps and other |17.A.3b Explain how to make |17.A.4b Use maps and other | |

|characteristics and purposes |geographic representations and|and use geographic |geographic instruments and | |

|of geographic representations |instruments to gather |representations to provide and|technologies to analyze | |

|including maps, globes, |information about people, |enhance spatial information |spatial patterns and | |

|graphs, photographs, software,|places and environments. |including maps, graphs, |distributions on earth. | |

|digital images and be able to | |charts, models, aerial | | |

|locate specific places using | |photographs, satellite images.| | |

|each. | | | | |

B. Analyze and explain characteristics and interactions of the Earth’s physical systems.

|Early Elementary |Late Elementary |Middle/Junior High School |Early High School |Late High School |

|17.B.1a Identify components|17.B.2a Describe how |17.B.3a Explain how physical |17.B.4a Explain the dynamic |17.B.5 Analyze international|

|of the Earth’s physical |physical and human processes |processes including climate, |interactions within and among |issues and problems using |

|systems. |shape spatial patterns |plate tectonics, erosion, soil|the Earth’s physical systems |ecosystems and physical |

| |including erosion, agriculture|formation, water cycle, and |including variation, |geography concepts. |

| |and settlement. |circulation patterns in the |productivity and constructive | |

| | |ocean shape patterns in the |and destructive processes. | |

| | |environment and influence | | |

| | |availability and quality of | | |

| | |natural resources. | | |

|17.B.1b Describe physical |17.B.2b Explain how physical|17.B.3b Explain how changes |17.B.4b Analyze trends in | |

|components of ecosystems. |and living components interact|in components of an ecosystem |world demographics as they | |

| |in a variety of ecosystems |affect the system overall. |relate to physical systems. | |

| |including desert, prairie, | | | |

| |flood plain, forest, tundra. | | | |

C. Understand relationships between geographic factors and society.

|Early Elementary |Late Elementary |Middle/Junior High School |Early High School |Late High School |

|17.C.1a Identify ways people |17.C.2a Describe how natural |17.C.3a Explain how human |17.C.4a Explain the ability |17.C.5a Compare resource |

|depend on and interact with |events in the physical |activity is affected by |of modern technology to alter |management methods and |

|the physical environment |environment affect human |geographic factors. |geographic features and the |policies in different regions |

|(e.g., farming, fishing, |activities. | |impacts of these modifications|of the world. |

|hydroelectric power). | | |on human activities. | |

|17.C.1b Identify |17.C.2b Describe the |17.C.3b Explain how patterns |17.C.4b Analyze growth |17.C.5b Describe the impact |

|opportunities and constraints |relationships among location |of resources are used |trends in selected urban areas|of human migrations and |

|of the physical environment. |of resources, population |throughout the world. |as they relate to geographic |increased urbanization on |

| |distribution and economic | |factors. |ecosystems. |

| |activities (e.g., | | | |

| |transportation, trade, | | | |

| |communications). | | | |

|17.C.1c Explain the |17.C.2c Explain how human |17.C.3c Analyze how human |17.C.4c Explain how places |17.C.5c Describe geographic |

|difference between renewable |activity affects the |processes influence settlement|with various population |factors that affect |

|and nonrenewable resources. |environment. |patterns including migration |distributions function as |cooperation and conflict among|

| | |and population growth. |centers of economic activity |societies. |

| | | |(e.g., rural, suburban, | |

| | | |urban). | |

D. Understand the historical significance of geography.

|Early Elementary |Late Elementary |Middle/Junior High School |Early High School |Late High School |

|17.D.1 Identify changes in |17.D.2a Describe how |17.D.3a Explain how and why |17.D.4 Explain how processes|17.D.5 Analyze the |

|geographic characteristics of |physical characteristics of |spatial patterns of settlement|of spatial change have |historical development of a |

|a local region (e.g., town, |places influence people’s |change over time. |affected human history (e.g., |current issue involving the |

|community). |perceptions and their roles in| |resource development and use, |interaction of people and |

| |the world over time. | |natural disasters). |geographic factors (e.g., mass|

| | | | |transportation, changes in |

| | | | |agricultural subsidies, flood |

| | | | |control). |

| |17.D.2b Identify different |17.D.3b Explain how | | |

| |settlement patterns in |interactions of geographic | | |

| |Illinois and the United States|factors have shaped present | | |

| |and relate them to physical |conditions. | | |

| |features and resources. | | | |

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