Livelihood Baseline Analysis Galkayo-Urban

Technical Series

Report No VI. 34

October 7, 2010

Livelihood Baseline Analysis Galkayo-Urban

Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia Box 1230, Village Market Nairobi, Kenya Tel: 254-20-4000000 Fax: 254-20-4000555 Website: Email: info@

Technical and Managerial Support

Funding Agencies

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC

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Acknowledgements

This assessment would not have been possible without funding from the EC, SIDA, UNHCR, UNICEF and USAID ? OFDA. FSNAU would like to extend a special thanks to FEWS NET for their funding contributions and technical support, especially to Alex King, a consultant of the Food Economy Group (FEG). FSNAU would also like to extend a special thanks to the government authorities and agencies of the Mudug region and local government of both northern Galkayo (Puntland authorities) and southern Galkayo (Galmudug authorities). Invaluable to the study, was the information and guidance provided by the committees of the Galkayo quarters, organisations in the sub-sections of the town and other local partner organizations.

The fieldwork and analysis of this study would not have been possible without the leading baseline expertise and work of the two FSNAU Senior Livelihood Analysts and the FSNAU Livelihoods Baseline Team consisting of 9 analysts, who collected and analyzed the field data and who continue to work and deliver high quality outputs under very difficult conditions in Somalia. This team was lead by FSNAU Lead Livelihood Baseline Analyst, Abdi Hussein Roble and Assistant Lead Livelihood Baseline Analyst, Abdulaziz Moalin Aden. The team of FSNAU Field Analysts included, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamud, Abdirahaman Mohamed Yusuf, Alas Abukar Hassan, Mohmoud Ibrahim Asser, Mumin Ali Osman, Salad Mohamed Dahir, Khalif Abdullahi Nuh, Abdukadir Mohamed Ahmed and Mohamed Salad Mohamoud. The gender analysis was led by FSNAU Gender Analyst, Faiza Ibrahim Mohamed, with contributions to gender data collection tools by FAO Gender Specialist, Diana Templeman.

This technical series would not have been possible without the FSNAU Technical Support Team, which includes Research Analyst, Alefia Merchant; Data Systems Team Manager, Kamau Wanjohi; Data Processor, Mary Peter; and GIS Specialist, Michael Arunga. Nutrition information was provided by Nutrition Officer, Abukar Nur and Nutrition Field Analyst Mohamed Mohamud Hassan. The Publications team consisted of Graphics Assistant, Catherine Kimani and Publications Officer, Barasa Sindani. A special thanks to Food Security Technical Manager, Tamara Nanitashvili and FSNAU Chief Technical Advisor, Grainne Moloney, for their technical review of the report. FSNAU would like to give a special acknowledgement to former FSNAU CTA, Cindy Holleman for her contributions in the development of FSNAU's Baseline Livelihood Analysis framework.

acknowledgements

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table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Standard Baseline Livelihood Analysis 2.2 Expanded Livelihood Baseline Analysis 2.3 Field and Analysis Process 2.3.1 Limitations Study

3. URBAN LIVELIHOOD ZONE DESCRIPTION 3.1 Background 3.2 Zoning 3.3 Historical Timeline

4. SEASONALITY AND MARKETS 4.1 Galkayo Seasonal Calendar 4.2 Galkayo Market 4.3 Women and the Market 4.4 Cereal Trade and Imported Commodities 4.5 Livestock Trade 4.6 Labour and Wage Rates 4.7 Water Availability 4.8 Food Insecurity and Disease

5. URBAN WEALTH BREAKDOWN 5.1 Galkayo Town Wealth Breakdown 5.2 IDP Wealth Breakdowns

6. SECTORAL OVERVIEW 6.1 Livestock Sector 6.1.1 Live Animal Marketing 6.1.2 Meat Marketing 6.1.3 Milk Trade 6.2 Construction Sector 6.3 Transport Sector 6.4 Vegetable and Fruit Sector 6.5 Kat (Qaad/Miraa) Sector 6.6 Energy Sector 6.6.1 Electricity 6.6.2 Fuel (Disel and Petrol) 6.6.3 SOMGAS 6.6.4 FuelWood and Charcoal Sector 6.7 Water Sector 6.8 Remittances Sector 6.9 Other Food and Non-food Trade and Services Sector 6.10 Salaried Employment Sector 6.10.1UN and NGOs 6.10.2Public Sector-Administration 6.10.3 Health 6.10.4 Education 6.10.5Public Sector-Municipality

7. LIVELIHOOD ASSETS 7.1 Human Capital 7.1.1 Household size and Consumption 7.1.2 Health and Nutrition 7.1.2.1Healthcare Facilities for Nothern and Southern Galkayo 7.1.2.2 Nutrition and Health Information for Nothern and Southern Galkayo 7.1.2.3 Nutrition and Health Information for Galkayo IDPs

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table of contents

7.1.3 Education37

7.2 Social Capital37

7.2.1 Formal and Informal Support

37

7.2.2 Linkages between Wealth Groups

38

7.2.3 Urban Linkages to Rural Areas

38

7.2.4 Urban Linkage to other Urban Centres

38

7.3 Physical Capital

38

7.3.1 Housing and Construction

38

7.3.2 Transportation and Infrastructure

38

7.3.3 Telecommunications and Electricity

39

7.3.4 Water Supply

39

7.4 Financial Capital

39

7.4.1 Income and Remittances

39

7.4.2 Capital Levels

40

7.4.3 Access to loans

40

7.4.4 Debt Levels

40

7.5 Natural Capital

40

7.5.1 Water Resources

40

7.5.2 Use of Charcoal and Fuelwood

41

7.5.3 Environmental Degradation

41

8. LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES 42

8.1 Sources of Food 42

8.1.1 Galkayo Town42

8.1.2 IDPs 43

8.2 Sources of Income 43

8.2.1 Galkayo Town

43

8.2.2 IDPs

44

8.3 Expenditure

44

8.3.1 Galkayo Town

44

8.3.2 IDPs

45

8.4 Risk, Vulnerability Analysis and Coping Strategies

45

8.4.1 Vulnerability to Shocks

45

8.4.2 Risk Minimizing Strategies

46

8.4.3 Response Strategies/Coping Mechanisms

47

9. FUTURE MONITORING

9.1 Monitoring the Cost-of-Living

48

9.2 Monitoring Incomes

48

9.3 Monitoring Galkayo's (and Urban) Economy

49

9.4 Summary of Recommendations

49

10. MAIN CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ACTION

10.1.1 Income Poverty ? Galkayo Town

50

10.1.2 Income Poverty ? Galkayo IDPs 50

10.2 Vulnerability Context and Possible Interventions

51

11. APPENDICES55

11.1 Bibliography 55

11.2 Interviews 55

11.2.1 Interviews for Galkayo town by Town District, Section and Wealth Group

55

11.2.1.1 Interviews for Galkayo IDPs by Town District, Section and Wealth Group 55

11.2.2 Galkayo Key Informants 57

11.3 Expenditure Patterns For All Wealth Groups

58

11.3.1 Expenditure per Year? Active Very Poor (family size-6)

58

11.3.2 Expenditure per Year? Poor (family size-6)

58

11.3.3 Expenditure per Year ? Lower Middle (family size-8)

59

11.3.4 Expenditure per Year ? Upper Middle (family size-8)

59

11.3.5 Expenditure per Year ? Better-off (family size-10)

60

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