Montana Disability and Health Program



Montana Disability & Health UpdateDecember 2011, Issue 4Healthy People 2010 Results for Adult Montanans with and without DisabilitiesApproximately 20% of U.S. adults have a disability. This report provides updates on Healthy People 2010 objectives for Montana adults with and without disabilities using 2005 to 2010 BRFSS data. Demographics and Health Status updates on Montana adults with and without disabilities are provided in Issues 2 and 3 of this series, respectively. For more information on the health of Montana adults, go to more than 25 years, the Montana Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) has gathered information via telephone survey from adults about a wide range of behaviors affecting their health. Beginning in 2001, two disability survey items were included as a core module in the BRFSS survey, allowing reports on health indicators for adults with disabilities (e.g., Cummings, Oreskovich &Traci, 2005).Overall, Montanans with disabilities compare positively to those without disability in attaining the following four Healthy People 2010 objectives: 1) usual primary health care provider (87%, 69%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]2) regular blood cholesterol screening (79%, 70%) [BRFSS 2009: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]3) immunizations against influenza (71%,62%) & pneumococcal disease (80%, 66%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]4) lower overall prevalence of binge drinking (11%, 19%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.] Conversely, Montana adults with disability reported significant health gaps and disparities in the attainment of 10 other Healthy People 2010 objectives, which include the following: 1) chronic joint symptoms and arthritis (75%, 21%) [BRFSS 2009: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]2) clinically diagnosed diabetes (132 per 1000, 48 per 1000) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.] 3) high blood pressure (46%, 23%) [BRFSS 2009: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]4) high blood cholesterol (47%, 33%) [BRFSS 2009: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]5) clinically diagnosed cardiovascular disease (19%, 4%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]6) asthma (15%, 7%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]7) cigarette smoking (26%, 17%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]8) no leisure-time physical activity (32%, 18%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]9) moderate physical activity levels below recommendations (39%, 50%) [BRFSS 2009: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]10) not seeing a doctor when needed because of cost (22%, 10%) [BRFSS 2010: Percentages for adult Montanans with disability, and adult Montanans without disability, respectively.]Healthy People 2020 [U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, ], the National Stakeholder Strategy for Achieving Health Equity [U.S. Department of Health & Human Service, ], and the Surgeon General’s Report on Improving the Health of Persons with Disabilities [U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, ], outlines key strategies for addressing these and other health disparities. Public health partners that use, or could organize to use, these strategies in Montana are listed at the end of this report.Summary of BRFSS [Montana Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, brfss., brfss] data for Montana adults.Year 2010 Health Objectives for the Nation: Summary of 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data for Montana Adults with and without Disability.Note: Healthy People 2010: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives – Full Report with Commentary was published by the Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., in 2000.Description of Table: Healthy People 2010 goals & Year 2010 TargetsGoal: Increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities1. Access to Quality Health ServicesGoal: Improve access to comprehensive, high-quality health care services.HP Objective 1-1. Increase to 100% the proportion of persons with health insurance. 2005 All Adults (79%); With Disability (76%); Without Disability (79%) 2006 All Adults (83%); With Disability (84%); Without Disability (83%) 2007 All Adults (83%); With Disability (81%); Without Disability (84%) 2008 All Adults (83%); With Disability (84%); Without Disability (82%) 2009 All Adults (79%); With Disability (78%); Without Disability (79%) 2010 All Adults (82%); With Disability (83%); Without Disability (81%) HP Objective 1-5. Increase to 85% the proportion of persons with a usual primary care provider. 2005 All Adults (74%); With Disability (81%*); Without Disability (72%) 2006 All Adults (74%); With Disability (83%*); Without Disability (71%) 2007 All Adults (71%); With Disability (81%*); Without Disability (68%) 2008 All Adults (72%); With Disability (83%*); Without Disability (68%) 2009 All Adults (75%); With Disability (84%*); Without Disability (72%) 2010 All Adults (74%); With Disability (87%*); Without Disability (69%) HP Objective 1-6. Decrease to 7% the number of adults who are unable to obtain or delay in obtaining necessary medical care (because of cost)2005 All Adults (14%); With Disability (25%*); Without Disability (11%) 2006 All Adults (12%); With Disability (21%*); Without Disability (10%) 2007 All Adults (12%); With Disability (23%*); Without Disability (9%) 2008 All Adults (12%); With Disability (21%*); Without Disability (10%) 2009 All Adults (14%); With Disability (22%*); Without Disability (11%) 2010 All Adults (13%); With Disability (22%*); Without Disability (10%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.2. Arthritis, Osteoporosis, and Chronic Back Conditions [Beginning in 2009, the question “Are you limited in any way in any of your usual activities because of arthritis or joint symptoms?” was asked only of respondents who responded “yes” to the question “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia?” Prior to 2009, the question “Are you limited in any way in any of your usual activities because of arthritis or joint symptoms?” was asked of all respondents.]Goal: Prevent illness and disability related to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions.HP Objective 2-2. Reduce to 21% the proportion of adults with chronic joint symptoms who experience a limitation in activity due to arthritis. 2005 All Adults (31%); With Disability (64%*); Without Disability (12%) 2006 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2007 All Adults (30%); With Disability (63%*); Without Disability (10%) 2008 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2009 All Adults (46%); With Disability (75%*); Without Disability (21%) 2010 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.3. CancerGoal: Reduce the number of new cancer cases as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancerHP Objective 3-11a. Increase to 97% the number 18 and older who ever received a Pap test2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (94%); With Disability (95%); Without Disability (94%) 2007 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2008 All Adults (95%); With Disability (97%); Without Disability (95%) 2009 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2010 All Adults (95%); With Disability (95%); Without Disability (95%) HP Objective 3-11b. Increase to 90% the number of woman 18 and older who ever received a Pap test in the past 3 years2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (82%); With Disability (79%); Without Disability (83%) 2007 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2008 All Adults (82%); With Disability (80%); Without Disability (82%) 2009 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2010 All Adults (78%); With Disability (72%); Without Disability (80%) HP Objective 3-12a. Increase to 50% the number of people 50 and older who have undergone a FOBT in the past two years2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (28%); With Disability (28%); Without Disability (28%) 2007 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2008 All Adults (21%); With Disability (23%); Without Disability (20%) 2009 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2010 All Adults (15%); With Disability (17%*); Without Disability (13%) HP Objective 3-12b. Increase to 50% the number of people 50 and older who have ever undergone a sigmoidoscopy2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (53%); With Disability (58%*); Without Disability (51%) 2007 All Adults (56%); With Disability (62%*); Without Disability (53%) 2008 All Adults (57%); With Disability (62%*); Without Disability (54%) 2009 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2010 All Adults (61%); With Disability (66%*); Without Disability (58%) HP Objective 3-13. Increase to 70% the number of women 40 and older who have received a mammogram in the past 2 years2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (72%); With Disability (72%); Without Disability (73%) 2007 All Adults (76%); With Disability (70%*); Without Disability (78%) 2008 All Adults (72%); With Disability (68%); Without Disability (73%) 2009 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2010 All Adults (67%); With Disability (67%); Without Disability (68%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.5. DiabetesGoal: Through prevention programs, reduce the disease and economic burden of diabetes, improve the quality of life for all persons who have or are at risk for diabetes.HP Objective 5-3. Reduce to 25 per 1000 the overall rate of diabetes diagnosed2005 All Adults (57 per 1000); With Disability (109 per 1000*); Without Disability (41 per 1000)2006 All Adults (64 per 1000); With Disability (115 per 1000*); Without Disability (49 per 1000) 2007 All Adults (66 per 1000); With Disability (134 per 1000*); Without Disability (46 per 1000) 2008 All Adults (65 per 1000); With Disability (135 per 1000*); Without Disability (41 per 1000) 2009 All Adults (68 per 1000); With Disability (141 per 1000*); Without Disability (47 per 1000) 2010 All Adults (70 per 1000); With Disability (132 per 1000*); Without Disability (48 per 1000) HP Objective 5-12. Increase to 50% the number of adults with diabetes who have a glycosylated hemoglobin (A-one-C) measurement done at least once a year 2005 All Adults (85%); With Disability (87%); Without Disability (85%) 2006 All Adults (85%); With Disability (84%); Without Disability (86%) 2007 All Adults (84%); With Disability (85%); Without Disability (84%) 2008 All Adults (91%); With Disability (93%); Without Disability (89%) 2009 All Adults (87%); With Disability (87%); Without Disability (88%) 2010 All Adults (90%); With Disability (90%); Without Disability (90%) HP Objective 5-14. Increase to 75% the number of adults with diabetes who have at least an annual foot exam 2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (73%); With Disability (77%); Without Disability (71%) 2007 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2008 All Adults (73%); With Disability (77%); Without Disability (68%) 2009 All Adults (74%); With Disability (77%); Without Disability (73%) 2010 All Adults (74%); With Disability (72%); Without Disability (74%) HP Objective 5-17. Increase to 60% the number of adults with diabetes who perform self –blood- glucose- monitoring at least daily 2005 All Adults (69%); With Disability (68%); Without Disability (70%) 2006 All Adults (67%); With Disability (70%); Without Disability (65%) 2007 All Adults (60%); With Disability (61%); Without Disability (59%) 2008 All Adults (61%); With Disability (62%); Without Disability (60%) 2009 All Adults (61%); With Disability (64%); Without Disability (58%) 2010 All Adults (57%); With Disability (57%); Without Disability (56%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.6. Disabilities and Secondary ConditionsGoal: Promote the health of people with disabilities, prevent secondary conditions, and eliminate disparities between people with and without disabilities in the U.S. population.HP Objective 6-5. Increase to 79% the number of people with disabilities reporting that they have sufficient emotional support2005 All Adults (82%); With Disability (71%*); Without Disability (85%) 2006 All Adults (85%); With Disability (76%*); Without Disability (87%) 2007 All Adults (83%); With Disability (72%*); Without Disability (86%) 2008 All Adults (83%); With Disability (73%*); Without Disability (86%) 2009 All Adults (81%); With Disability (71%*); Without Disability (83%) 2010 All Adults (82%); With Disability (75%*); Without Disability (85%) HP Objective 6-6. Increase to 96% the number of people with disabilities reporting satisfaction with life2005 All Adults (95%); With Disability (88%); Without Disability (97%) 2006 All Adults (97%); With Disability (90%); Without Disability (98%) 2007 All Adults (95%); With Disability (86%*); Without Disability (98%) 2008 All Adults (95%); With Disability (90%); Without Disability (97%) 2009 All Adults (94%); With Disability (85%*); Without Disability (96%) 2010 All Adults (95%); With Disability (89%*); Without Disability (97%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.12. Heart Disease and StrokeGoal: Improve cardiovascular health and quality of life through the prevention, detection, and treatment of risk factors; early identification and treatment of heart attacks and strokes; and prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events.Status. Number of people ever diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (heart attack, angina, coronary heart disease or stroke)2005 All Adults (7%); With Disability (17%*); Without Disability (4%) 2006 All Adults (8%); With Disability (17%*); Without Disability (5%) 2007 All Adults (8%); With Disability (18%*); Without Disability (5%) 2008 All Adults (8%); With Disability (18%*); Without Disability (5%) 2009 All Adults (8%); With Disability (17%*); Without Disability (5%) 2010 All Adults (8%); With Disability (19%*); Without Disability (4%) HP Objective 12-9. Reduce to 16% the number of adults with high blood pressure2005 All Adults 24%); With Disability (37%*); Without Disability (20%) 2006 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2007 All Adults (25%); With Disability (38%*); Without Disability (21%) 2008 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2009 All Adults (28%); With Disability (46%*); Without Disability (23%) 2010 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) HP Objective 12-14. Reduce to 17% the number of adults with high total blood cholesterol levels2005 All Adults 33%); With Disability (43%*); Without Disability (31%) 2006 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2007 All Adults (35%); With Disability (47%*); Without Disability (31%) 2008 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2009 All Adults (37%); With Disability (47%*); Without Disability (33%) 2010 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) HP Objective 12-15. Increase to 80% the number of adults who have had their blood cholesterol checked in the past 5 years2005 All Adults 69%); With Disability (75%*); Without Disability (67%) 2006 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2007 All Adults (71%); With Disability (79%*); Without Disability (69%) 2008 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2009 All Adults (72%); With Disability (79%*); Without Disability (70%) 2010 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.14. Immunization and Infectious DiseasesGoal: Prevent disease, disability, and death from infectious diseases, including vaccine-preventable diseases.HP Objective 14-29a. Increase to 90% the non-institutionalized adults 65 and older vaccinated annually against influenza2005 All Adults (70%); With Disability (75%); Without Disability (66%) 2006 All Adults (73%); With Disability (77%*); Without Disability 70%) 2007 All Adults (73%); With Disability (76%); Without Disability (71%) 2008 All Adults (69%); With Disability (73%); Without Disability (67%) 2009 All Adults (69%); With Disability (72%); Without Disability (67%) 2010 All Adults (66%); With Disability (71%*); Without Disability (62%) HP Objective 14-29b. Increase to 90% the non-institutionalized adults 65 and older ever vaccinated against pneumococcal disease2005 All Adults (70%); With Disability (77%*); Without Disability (66%) 2006 All Adults (72%); With Disability (80%*); Without Disability 66%) 2007 All Adults (73%); With Disability (80%*); Without Disability (68%) 2008 All Adults (69%); With Disability (78%*); Without Disability (64%) 2009 All Adults (72%); With Disability (77%*); Without Disability (69%) 2010 All Adults (72%); With Disability (80%*); Without Disability (66%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.19. Nutrition and OverweightGoal: Promote health and reduce chronic disease associated with diet and weight.HP Objective 19-1. Increase to 60% the number of adults at a healthy weight2005 All Adults (43%); With Disability (34%*); Without Disability (45%) 2006 All Adults (41%); With Disability (35%*); Without Disability 42%) 2007 All Adults (38%); With Disability (32%*); Without Disability (40%) 2008 All Adults (38%); With Disability (31%*); Without Disability (41%) 2009 All Adults (37%); With Disability (28%*); Without Disability (40%) 2010 All Adults (39%); With Disability (30%*); Without Disability (42%) HP Objective 19-2. Increase to 15% the number of adults who are obese2005 All Adults (21%); With Disability (29%*); Without Disability (19%) 2006 All Adults (21%); With Disability (30%*); Without Disability 19%) 2007 All Adults (23%); With Disability (30%*); Without Disability (20%) 2008 All Adults (24%); With Disability (38%*); Without Disability (21%) 2009 All Adults (24%); With Disability (31%*); Without Disability (22%) 2010 All Adults (24%); With Disability (33%*); Without Disability (20%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.21. Oral HealthGoal: Prevent and control oral and craniofacial diseases, conditions, and injuries and improve access to related services.HP Objective 21-10. Increase to 56% the number of adults that use the oral health care system each year2005 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2006 All Adults (68%); With Disability (61%*); Without Disability 70%) 2007 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2008 All Adults (66%); With Disability (60%*); Without Disability (68%) 2009 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2010 All Adults (61%); With Disability (57%); Without Disability (62%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.22. Physical Activity and FitnessGoal: Improve health, fitness, and quality of life through daily physical activity.HP Objective 22-1. Reduce to 20% the number of adults who engage in no leisure-time physical activity2005 All Adults (22%); With Disability (39%*); Without Disability (18%) 2006 All Adults (19%); With Disability (32%*); Without Disability 16%) 2007 All Adults (20%); With Disability (33%*); Without Disability (16%) 2008 All Adults (23%); With Disability (34%*); Without Disability (20%) 2009 All Adults (22%); With Disability (34%*); Without Disability (19%) 2010 All Adults (22%); With Disability (32%*); Without Disability (18%) HP Objective 22-2. Increase to 30% the number of adults who engage in regular, moderate physical activity2005 All Adults (57%); With Disability (41%*); Without Disability (61%) 2006 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2007 All Adults (58%); With Disability (48%*); Without Disability (61%) 2008 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2009 All Adults (48%); With Disability (39%*); Without Disability (50%) 2010 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) HP Objective 22-3. Increase to 30% the number of adults who engage in regular vigorous activity2005 All Adults (33%); With Disability (21%*); Without Disability (37%) 2006 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2007 All Adults (33%); With Disability (21%*); Without Disability (36%) 2008 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 2009 All Adults (36%); With Disability (23%*); Without Disability (40%) 2010 All Adults (NA); With Disability (NA); Without Disability (NA) 24. Respiratory DiseasesGoal: Promote respiratory health through better prevention, detection, ,treatment and education efforts.HP Objective 24-8. (Developmental) Track prevalence of asthma within state2005 All Adults (8%); With Disability (13%*); Without Disability (6%) 2006 All Adults (8%); With Disability (14%*); Without Disability 7%) 2007 All Adults (9%); With Disability (16%*); Without Disability (7%) 2008 All Adults (10%); With Disability (17%*); Without Disability (7%) 2009 All Adults (8%); With Disability (15%*); Without Disability (6%) 2010 All Adults (9%); With Disability (15%*); Without Disability (7%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.26. Substance AbuseGoal: Reduce substance abuse to protect the health, safety, and quality of life for all, especially children.HP Objective 16-11c, Reduce to 6% the number of adults reporting binge drinking alcoholic beverages in the past 30 days2005 All Adults (17%); With Disability (12%*); Without Disability (18%) 2006 All Adults (16%); With Disability (11%*); Without Disability (17%) 2007 All Adults (17%); With Disability (14%); Without Disability (18%) 2008 All Adults (18%); With Disability (13%*); Without Disability (19%) 2009 All Adults (17%); With Disability (10%*); Without Disability (19%) 2010 All Adults (17%); With Disability (11%*); Without Disability (19%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.27. Tobacco UseGoal: Reduce illness, disability, and death related to tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke.HP Objective 27-1a. Reduce to 12% the percent of adults smoking cigarettes2005 All Adults (19%); With Disability (22%); Without Disability (18%) 2006 All Adults (19%); With Disability (25%*); Without Disability 17%) 2007 All Adults (20%); With Disability (27%*); Without Disability (17%) 2008 All Adults (19%); With Disability (23%*); Without Disability (17%) 2009 All Adults (17%); With Disability (23%*); Without Disability (15%) 2010 All Adults (19%); With Disability (26%*); Without Disability (17%) * Denotes significant differences between proportions of adult Montanans who have disabilities and proportions of adult Montanans who do not have disabilities.End of table description.ResourcesThe Amputee Coalition of America’s and its National Peer Network: Arthritis Foundation, Rocky Mountain Chapter: data, the primary source of state-based information about health risk behaviors among adults: brfssCDC’s Disability and Health State Chartbook - 2006 Profiles of Health for Adults With Disabilities: CDC’s Free Disability and Health Materials including fact sheets on state, district and territory based health indicator data: Christopher and Dana Reeve National Paralysis Foundation and its Peer & Family Support Program: Lifeline Network: Mount Bozeman: and Nutrition, Montana State University Extension Service: Nutrition Ideas, Montana Disability and Health Program, University of Montana Rural Institute: Healthy Teeth Program, Montana Disability and Health Program, University of Montana Rural Institute: People 2020: 2020Living Well With a Disability, Montana Disability and Health Program, University of Montana Rural Institute: Montana Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System brfss.Montana Cancer Control Programs: Addictive & Mental Disorders Division: Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes Prevention Program: Cardiovascular Health Program: Centers for Independent Living: Diabetes Project: Montana Immunization Program: Medicaid: Medicare: Mental Health America of Montana: Nutrition and Physical Activity Program: Oral Health Program: Primary Care Association: Special Olympics: Tobacco Use Prevention Program: Alliance on Mental Illness, Montana Chapter: Center on Physical Activity and Disability: Directions Wellness Center, University of Montana: Licitra, MPH; Meg Ann Traci, PhD; Judy Garrity, MA; Heather Zimmerman, MPH; & Joanne Oreskovich, PhD.For additional information please contact: Meg Ann Traci, Ph.D. Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities, The University of Montana Rural Institute, 52 Corbin Hall, Missoula, MT 59812-7056; 888-268-2743 or 406-243-4956; 406-243-4200 (TTY); 406-243-2349 (Fax); matraci@ruralinstitute.umt.edu; ; research is supported by CDC grant #5U59DD000 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opinions expressed are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect those of the funding agency. ................
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