Mid-Atlantic ADA Center
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND RIGHT-OF-WAY: MAKING THE CONNECTION
WEBINAR JULY 10, 2014 OUTLINE
Slide 1
Welcome!
Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection
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Slide 2
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Slide 5
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Slide 6
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Slide 7
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This webinar is being recorded and can be accessed within a few business days
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Slide 8
Please consult the reminder email you received about this session for instructions on obtaining continuing education credits for this webinar.
You will need to listen for the continuing education code which will be announced at the conclusion of this session.
Requests for continuing education credits must be received by 12:00 PM EDT July 11, 2014
Slide 9
Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection
Today’s presenter: Linda Osiecki
Slide 10
Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection
Linda Osiecki ada4row@
Slide 11
Outline
Fixed Routes, Paratransit and Public Right-of-Way Pedestrian Facilities
Questions
Pedestrian Infrastructure Criteria
Action Points
Questions
Slide 12
In summary: Legislative timeline
1964—Civil Rights Act (did not include disability)
1968—Architectural Barriers Act (ABA)
1973—Rehabilitation Act
1975—Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)
1976—Higher Education Act Amendment (to include students with disabilities)
1986—Air Carrier Access Act
1988—Fair Housing Amendments Act
1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law
IMAGE: Scales of Justice
Slide 13
Access Board Guidelines
ADAAG (ADA Accessibility Guidelines)
1991
2001
2004
PROWAG (Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines)
2005
2011
Slide 14
Americans with Disabilties Act (ADA)
“the Nation's proper goals regarding individuals with disabilities are to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for such individuals”
Integrated public services
Slide 15
Public Transportation
Shared passenger transport service available for use by the general public
Fixed-route buses
Paratransit
Rail / subway
Slide 16
Why do people want to use fixed-route buses if available?
Lower (or free) fare
Reliable Schedule
Independence
Flexibility to travel when wanted
Opportunity to travel with friends
Set personal schedule for travel without hours or days of pre-planning
Source: TCRP 163
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Public Right-of-Way
Public property along streets which may include pedestrian facilities for use by the public (public infrastructure)
Slide 18
PAR
pedestrian access route
Slide 19
Expectations – Roads
IMAGE: highway
Slide 20
Expectations – Roads
Image: truck stuck in mud
Slide 21
Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure
IMAGE: Curb Ramp
Slide 22
Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure
IMAGE: road with no sidewalk
Slide 23
TCRP Report 163
Sponsored by Federal Transit Administration
Strategy Guide to Enable and Promote the Use of Fixed-Route Transit by People with Disabilities
IMAGE: TCRP Report 163
Slide 24
About Specific Disabilities
Neurological disabilities
Physical and Mobility disabilities
Speech disabilities
Learning disabilities
Psychiatric disabilities
Hearing disabilities
Visual disabilities
Intellectual disabilities
Slide 25
About Physical and Mobility Disabilities…
Includes any impairment that impacts a person’s use of their body or limbs
In 2002 there were 2.7 million wheelchair users
In 2008 that number increased to 3.6 million
60% of wheelchair users are over age 65
May involve using mobility devices, prosthetics, and other equipment to aid in performing manual tasks or moving around
Slide 26
About Visual Disabilities…
• 1.8 million people have a severe visual impairment or blindness
• Varying levels of visual disability
• Not all people with visual disabilities read Braille
• Many new developments in IT aid people with visual disabilities
Slide 27
Types of Paratransit Eligibility
Unconditional Eligibility – people not able to use fixed-route transit under any conditions
Conditional Eligibility – people able to use fixed-route transit some of the time under certain conditions
Temporary Eligibility – people with a temporary disability or health condition
Slide 28
Paratransit Conditional Eligibility
Includes:
Path-of-travel issues
1 Pedestrian infrastructure (sidewalks, curb ramps, surfaces, cross slope, running slope, etc.)
Street crossing issues
1 Street width
2 Intersection design
3 Traffic volume
4 Traffic controls
Slide 29
Fixed Route Bus Fleet
98% accessible
Slide 30
Top Factors Negatively Affecting Use of Fixed Routes
Barriers in the pedestrian environment (pedestrian infrastructure)
Distance to/from stops/stations
Lack of information about potential barriers getting to/from stops/stations
Source: TCRP Report 163
Slide 31
Suggested Strategies for Enabling and Promoting Use of Fixed Transit by People with Disabilities
Make Bus Stops and Pedestrian Environment as Usable as Possible
Develop Marketing and Public Information Materials; Offer Trip Planning and Travel Training Services
Consider Fare Incentives
Consider Alternative Transit Service Designs That Are More Inclusive and Serve All Riders
Use ADA Paratransit Eligibility Determination Process to Identify Travel Abilities
Source: TCRP Report 163
Slide 32
TCRP Report 163
Chapter 5 - Accessible Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastucture
IMAGE: TCRP Report 163
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Pedestrian Infrastructure
“Every bus trip begins and ends with a pedestrian trip…”
Slide 34
IMAGE: Star Trek Transporter – teleportation
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IMAGE: 2 people leaving small structure
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Average Operating Costs Per Trip
Bus trip - $3.60
Paratransit $32.70
Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip
Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database
Slide 37
Average Operating Costs Per Trip
Bus trip - $3.60
Paratransit $32.70
Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip
$58 per round trip
Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database
Slide 38
Average Operating Costs Per Trip
Bus trip - $3.60
Paratransit $32.70
Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip
$58 per round trip
$3,016 per a year of one round trip each week
Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database
Slide 39
Average Operating Costs Per Trip
Bus trip - $3.60
Paratransit $32.70
Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip
$58 per round trip
$290 per five round trips in a week
Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database
Slide 40
Average Operating Costs Per Trip
Bus trip - $3.60
Paratransit $32.70
Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip
$58 per round trip
$290 per five round trips in a week
$15,080 per a year of five round trips each week
Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database
Slide 41
Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial
Maryland Transit Administration
If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit
Simple improvement - e.g., minor sidewalk repair
1 averaged $7,000 per stop
Costs recovered in 10 weeks
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 42
Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial
Maryland Transit Administration
If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit
Enhanced improvements – e.g., lighted shelter, fixing adjacent sidewalks, etc.
1 averaged $58,000 per stop
Costs recovered in 18 months
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 43
Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Pedestrian Safety
Montgomery County, Maryland
Comparing 2011 to 2000
Pedestrian collisions decreased by 4%
Pedestrian fatalities decreased by 39%
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 44
Other Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure
Increasing compliance with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)
Making pedestrian infrastructure more useful for all users regardless of whether or not they have a disability (universal design)
Transition Plan locations
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 45
Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure
Contracts large enough for cost-effective, competitive contracting
Intercity Transit of Olympia, Washington: 15 to 20 stops
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 46
Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure
Contracts large enough for cost-effective, competitive contracting
If budgeted funds/grants available:
$250,000 contract or 40+ locations
1 Keep a construction crew busy for about a year
2 Flexibility in scheduling including geographic proximity
Slide 47
Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure
If possible, coordinate to add the improvements to other contracts paving the road and improving curb ramps
Money for mobilization and maintenance of traffic (MOT) is already in the main contract plus lower bid prices due to a large contract
Potential savings of $3,000 or more per bus stop location
Slide 48
Questions???
Slide 49
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Common Problems
Accessibility from both directions at the nearest street intersection
Lack of compliant landing pad (boarding and alighting area)
Sidewalks don’t connect with the bus stop
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 50
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Common Problems (continued)
Sidewalks obstructed by public amenities and utilities
1 Utility poles
2 Vendor boxes
3 Public seating
4 Trash receptacles
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 51
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Common Problems (continued)
Over-growth from adjacent shrubbery obstructs sidewalk access
Physical conditions of sidewalks and landing pads
1 Broken
2 Uneven
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 52
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Maintenance
Over a period of time
Cracks
Settlement / Heaving
Damage
Deterioration
Slide 53
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Bus stop
Sidewalk
Curb Ramp
Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
Pedestrian Street Crossing
Slide 54
Bus Stop Basics
Boarding and Alighting Area
IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed
Slide 55
Bus Stop Basics
Boarding and Alighting Area
5’ wide min.
8’ long min.
Slope parallel to road matches road
Slope perpendicular to road – 2% max.
Slide 56
Bus Stop Basics
Accessible route to streets, sidewalks, pedestrian paths
AKA – accessible route to an exit
Slide 57
5’ wide minimum
IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed
Slide 58
IMAGE: Bus stop on road with no curb ramp
Slide 59
Bus Stop - 8’ long minimum
IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed
Slide 60
IMAGE: bus stop on road with curb ramp
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slope parallel to road matches road
IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed
Slide 62
IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed
slope perpendicular to road is 2% maximum
Slide 63
clear of obstructions
IMAGE: bus stop, sidewalk has telephone pole in the middle of it
Slide 64
IMAGE: bus stop showing measurements from sidewalk to curb
Slide 65
IMAGE: bus stop showing full height curb and exiting ramp
Slide 66
IMAGE: street with sidewalk that ends
Slide 67
IMAGE: bus stop with route from nearby driveway
Slide 68
IMAGE: the cast of Gilligan’s Island
Slide 69
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Bus stop
Sidewalk
Curb Ramp
Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
Pedestrian Street Crossing
Slide 70
Obstructions
tree roots, tree branches and bushes
IMAGE: sidewalk with tree roots
Slide 71
Obstructions
Free of debris, mud, etc.
IMAGE: sidewalk with mud and rocks on it
Slide 72
Cross Slope
2% maximum
IMAGE: sidewalk showing cross slope
Slide 73
Intersecting Driveways/Entrances
Slide 74
IMAGE: sidewalk and driveway
Slide 75
Think before acting
IMAGE: driveway with very steep slope
Source: NCHRP 659
Slide 76
IMAGE: driveway
Slide 77
IMAGE: crosswalk
Slide 78
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Bus stop
Sidewalk
Curb Ramp
Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
Pedestrian Street Crossing
Slide 79
Curb Ramp
Cross Slope – 2% maximum
Running Slope – 8.3% maximum
Landing – 2% in both directions
Detectable Warnings
No ponding (positive drainage)
Counter Slope
Slide 80
Curb Ramp Layout
Slide 81
IMAGES: Perpendicular and parallel curb ramps
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Parallel Curb Ramps
DIAGRAM: Parallel curb ramps
Slide 83
Perpendicular Curb Ramps
DIAGRAM: Perpendicular curb ramps
Slide 84
IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp
Slide 85
IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp
Slide 86
Landing at intersecting sidewalks
IMAGE: landing at intersecting sidewalks
Slide 87
IMAGE: Landing at intersecting sidewalks
Slide 88
IMAGE: Landing clearly defined by joints
Slide 89
Diagonal Curb Ramps
DIAGRAM: diagonal curb ramps
Slide 90
Diagonal Curb Ramps
2011 PROWAG - R207.2 Alterations
In alterations where existing physical constraints prevent compliance with R207.1, a single diagonal curb ramp shall be permitted to serve both pedestrian street crossings.
Slide 91
IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp
Slide 92
IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp
Slide 93:
Detectable Warning Truncated Domes
IMAGE: curb ramp with no truncated domes
Slide 94
IMAGE: curb ramp with truncated domes
Slide 95
Detectable Warning Truncated Domes in Good Condition
IMAGE: curb ramp with damaged truncated domes
Slide 96
No Ponding - Positive Drainage
IMAGE: Curb ramp with ponding at end
Slide 97
IMAGE: Curb ramp with ponding at end
Slide 98
Gutter Counter Slope
Slide 99
IMAGE: showing excessive slope
• Less than 11% preferred
• 13% max
Slide 100
Image: flamingo in water
Slide 101
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Bus stop
Sidewalk
Curb Ramp
Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
Pedestrian Street Crossing
Slide 102
Accessible Route Components
Pedestrian Signals
10’ maximum from face of curb, shoulder or pavement
10” maximum from edge of landing area
5’ maximum offset from marked crosswalk, long. w/road
Face of Pedestrian Pushbutton parallel with direction of crosswalk
Pedestrian Pushbutton height – approximately 42”, but no more than 48”
If two Pedestrian Pushbutton poles on the same corner, at least 10’ apart, unless approved otherwise.
If two ped pushbutton poles on the same pole, each marked with arrows on button housing.
Source: MUTCD (Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices)
Slide 103
DIAGRAM: examples of pedestrian signal locations on various geometries
Slide 104
IMAGE: crosswalk with pedestrian signal pole
Slide 105
IMAGE: crosswalk showing pedestrian signals
Slide 106
Pedestrian Infrastructure
Bus stop
Sidewalk
Curb Ramp
Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal
Pedestrian Street Crossing
Slide 107
Pedestrian Street Crossing
Minimize distance of crossing
Avoid skewed angles
Slide 108
Action Points
Make decisions in consultation with those who have expertise in ADA and pedestrian infrastructure
“A good leader can engage in a debate frankly and thoroughly, knowing that at the end he and the other side must be closer, and thus emerge stronger. You don't have that idea when you are arrogant, superficial, and uninformed.”
--Nelson Mandela
Slide 109
Action Points
Inventory
Analysis
Respond to requests
Start construction
Good inspection during construction
Detailed inspection after construction for ADA compliance
Slide 110
Action Points
Analysis
When planning new fixed routes, choose bus stop locations to maximize accessibility
Consult with transit riders
Consult with transit staff, travel trainers and paratransit eligibility specialists
Ongoing monitoring and maintenance
Include tactile or technology elements to help visually impaired riders
Slide 111
Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure
IMAGE: street with no sidewalk
Slide 112
Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure
IMAGE: bus stop
Source: TCRP 163
Slide 113
Action Points
Make public officials and other decision makers aware of your interest in ADA compliance and what they are doing to accomplish that
Slide 114
Action Points
Report specific locations needing improvement
Detailed information such as:
Bus route
Intersecting streets
Corner
Adjacent existing property
Slide 115
Remember – Just the facts
IMAGE: the cast of the tv show Dragnet
Slide 116
Action Points
Follow up after reporting a location
Federal complaint
Department of Justice
Federal Transit Administration
Slide 117
Be Heard!
IMAGE: Bird, appears to be making noise
Slide 118
Good Resources
TCRP Report 163
Easter Seals Project Action
1 Checklist for Assessing the Accessibility of Transportation and Mobility
2 Toolkit for the Assessment of Bus Stop Accessibility and Safety
ITE: Accessible Public Rights-of-Way – Planning and Designing for Alterations
Slide 119
Upcoming Resource
AASHTO Guide for Geometric Design of Transit Facilities on Highways and Streets, 1st Edition
Expected to be release mid or late July 2014
Slide 120
Questions???
Slide 121
Public Transportation and Right-of-Way:
Making the Connection
Linda Osiecki
ada4row@
Slide 122
Contact Us
ADA questions
ADA National Network
1-800-949-4232 V/TTY
Questions about this presentation
Mid-Atlantic ADA Center
1-800-949-4232 V/TTY (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV)
301-217-0124 local
Slide 123
CEUs
The continuing education code for this session:
Please consult your webinar reminder e-mail message for further information on receiving continuing education credits
Thank you for joining us!
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