Mid-Atlantic ADA Center



PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND RIGHT-OF-WAY: MAKING THE CONNECTION

WEBINAR JULY 10, 2014 OUTLINE

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

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Slide 7

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Slide 8

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

Today’s presenter: Linda Osiecki

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Public Transportation and Right-of-Way: Making the Connection

Linda Osiecki ada4row@

Slide 11

Outline

Fixed Routes, Paratransit and Public Right-of-Way Pedestrian Facilities

Questions

Pedestrian Infrastructure Criteria

Action Points

Questions

Slide 12

In summary: Legislative timeline

1964—Civil Rights Act (did not include disability)

1968—Architectural Barriers Act (ABA)

1973—Rehabilitation Act

1975—Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)

1976—Higher Education Act Amendment (to include students with disabilities)

1986—Air Carrier Access Act

1988—Fair Housing Amendments Act

1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law

IMAGE: Scales of Justice

Slide 13

Access Board Guidelines

ADAAG (ADA Accessibility Guidelines)

1991

2001

2004

PROWAG (Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines)

2005

2011

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Americans with Disabilties Act (ADA)

“the Nation's proper goals regarding individuals with disabilities are to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for such individuals”

Integrated public services

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Public Transportation

Shared passenger transport service available for use by the general public

Fixed-route buses

Paratransit

Rail / subway

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Why do people want to use fixed-route buses if available?

Lower (or free) fare

Reliable Schedule

Independence

Flexibility to travel when wanted

Opportunity to travel with friends

Set personal schedule for travel without hours or days of pre-planning

Source: TCRP 163

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Public Right-of-Way

Public property along streets which may include pedestrian facilities for use by the public (public infrastructure)

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PAR

pedestrian access route

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Expectations – Roads

IMAGE: highway

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Expectations – Roads

Image: truck stuck in mud

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Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure

IMAGE: Curb Ramp

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Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure

IMAGE: road with no sidewalk

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TCRP Report 163

Sponsored by Federal Transit Administration

Strategy Guide to Enable and Promote the Use of Fixed-Route Transit by People with Disabilities

IMAGE: TCRP Report 163

Slide 24

About Specific Disabilities

Neurological disabilities

Physical and Mobility disabilities

Speech disabilities

Learning disabilities

Psychiatric disabilities

Hearing disabilities

Visual disabilities

Intellectual disabilities

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About Physical and Mobility Disabilities…

Includes any impairment that impacts a person’s use of their body or limbs

In 2002 there were 2.7 million wheelchair users

In 2008 that number increased to 3.6 million

60% of wheelchair users are over age 65

May involve using mobility devices, prosthetics, and other equipment to aid in performing manual tasks or moving around

Slide 26

About Visual Disabilities…

• 1.8 million people have a severe visual impairment or blindness

• Varying levels of visual disability

• Not all people with visual disabilities read Braille

• Many new developments in IT aid people with visual disabilities

Slide 27

Types of Paratransit Eligibility

Unconditional Eligibility – people not able to use fixed-route transit under any conditions

Conditional Eligibility – people able to use fixed-route transit some of the time under certain conditions

Temporary Eligibility – people with a temporary disability or health condition

Slide 28

Paratransit Conditional Eligibility

Includes:

Path-of-travel issues

1 Pedestrian infrastructure (sidewalks, curb ramps, surfaces, cross slope, running slope, etc.)

Street crossing issues

1 Street width

2 Intersection design

3 Traffic volume

4 Traffic controls

Slide 29

Fixed Route Bus Fleet

98% accessible

Slide 30

Top Factors Negatively Affecting Use of Fixed Routes

Barriers in the pedestrian environment (pedestrian infrastructure)

Distance to/from stops/stations

Lack of information about potential barriers getting to/from stops/stations

Source: TCRP Report 163

Slide 31

Suggested Strategies for Enabling and Promoting Use of Fixed Transit by People with Disabilities

Make Bus Stops and Pedestrian Environment as Usable as Possible

Develop Marketing and Public Information Materials; Offer Trip Planning and Travel Training Services

Consider Fare Incentives

Consider Alternative Transit Service Designs That Are More Inclusive and Serve All Riders

Use ADA Paratransit Eligibility Determination Process to Identify Travel Abilities

Source: TCRP Report 163

Slide 32

TCRP Report 163

Chapter 5 - Accessible Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastucture

IMAGE: TCRP Report 163

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

“Every bus trip begins and ends with a pedestrian trip…”

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IMAGE: Star Trek Transporter – teleportation

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IMAGE: 2 people leaving small structure

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

Bus trip - $3.60

Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

Bus trip - $3.60

Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

$58 per round trip

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

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Average Operating Costs Per Trip

Bus trip - $3.60

Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

$58 per round trip

$3,016 per a year of one round trip each week

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

Slide 39

Average Operating Costs Per Trip

Bus trip - $3.60

Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

$58 per round trip

$290 per five round trips in a week

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

Slide 40

Average Operating Costs Per Trip

Bus trip - $3.60

Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

$58 per round trip

$290 per five round trips in a week

$15,080 per a year of five round trips each week

Source: TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

Slide 41

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial

Maryland Transit Administration

If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit

Simple improvement - e.g., minor sidewalk repair

1 averaged $7,000 per stop

Costs recovered in 10 weeks

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 42

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial

Maryland Transit Administration

If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit

Enhanced improvements – e.g., lighted shelter, fixing adjacent sidewalks, etc.

1 averaged $58,000 per stop

Costs recovered in 18 months

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 43

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Pedestrian Safety

Montgomery County, Maryland

Comparing 2011 to 2000

Pedestrian collisions decreased by 4%

Pedestrian fatalities decreased by 39%

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 44

Other Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure

Increasing compliance with ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)

Making pedestrian infrastructure more useful for all users regardless of whether or not they have a disability (universal design)

Transition Plan locations

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 45

Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure

Contracts large enough for cost-effective, competitive contracting

Intercity Transit of Olympia, Washington: 15 to 20 stops

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 46

Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure

Contracts large enough for cost-effective, competitive contracting

If budgeted funds/grants available:

$250,000 contract or 40+ locations

1 Keep a construction crew busy for about a year

2 Flexibility in scheduling including geographic proximity

Slide 47

Recommendations for Contracts to Improve Bus Stops and Pedestrian Infrastructure

If possible, coordinate to add the improvements to other contracts paving the road and improving curb ramps

Money for mobilization and maintenance of traffic (MOT) is already in the main contract plus lower bid prices due to a large contract

Potential savings of $3,000 or more per bus stop location

Slide 48

Questions???

Slide 49

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Common Problems

Accessibility from both directions at the nearest street intersection

Lack of compliant landing pad (boarding and alighting area)

Sidewalks don’t connect with the bus stop

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 50

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Common Problems (continued)

Sidewalks obstructed by public amenities and utilities

1 Utility poles

2 Vendor boxes

3 Public seating

4 Trash receptacles

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 51

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Common Problems (continued)

Over-growth from adjacent shrubbery obstructs sidewalk access

Physical conditions of sidewalks and landing pads

1 Broken

2 Uneven

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 52

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Maintenance

Over a period of time

Cracks

Settlement / Heaving

Damage

Deterioration

Slide 53

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Bus stop

Sidewalk

Curb Ramp

Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal

Pedestrian Street Crossing

Slide 54

Bus Stop Basics

Boarding and Alighting Area

IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed

Slide 55

Bus Stop Basics

Boarding and Alighting Area

5’ wide min.

8’ long min.

Slope parallel to road matches road

Slope perpendicular to road – 2% max.

Slide 56

Bus Stop Basics

Accessible route to streets, sidewalks, pedestrian paths

AKA – accessible route to an exit

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5’ wide minimum

IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed

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IMAGE: Bus stop on road with no curb ramp

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Bus Stop - 8’ long minimum

IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed

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IMAGE: bus stop on road with curb ramp

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slope parallel to road matches road

IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed

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IMAGE: Bus with ramp deployed

slope perpendicular to road is 2% maximum

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clear of obstructions

IMAGE: bus stop, sidewalk has telephone pole in the middle of it

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IMAGE: bus stop showing measurements from sidewalk to curb

Slide 65

IMAGE: bus stop showing full height curb and exiting ramp

Slide 66

IMAGE: street with sidewalk that ends

Slide 67

IMAGE: bus stop with route from nearby driveway

Slide 68

IMAGE: the cast of Gilligan’s Island

Slide 69

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Bus stop

Sidewalk

Curb Ramp

Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal

Pedestrian Street Crossing

Slide 70

Obstructions

tree roots, tree branches and bushes

IMAGE: sidewalk with tree roots

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Obstructions

Free of debris, mud, etc.

IMAGE: sidewalk with mud and rocks on it

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Cross Slope

2% maximum

IMAGE: sidewalk showing cross slope

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Intersecting Driveways/Entrances

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IMAGE: sidewalk and driveway

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Think before acting

IMAGE: driveway with very steep slope

Source: NCHRP 659

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IMAGE: driveway

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IMAGE: crosswalk

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

Bus stop

Sidewalk

Curb Ramp

Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal

Pedestrian Street Crossing

Slide 79

Curb Ramp

Cross Slope – 2% maximum

Running Slope – 8.3% maximum

Landing – 2% in both directions

Detectable Warnings

No ponding (positive drainage)

Counter Slope

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Curb Ramp Layout

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IMAGES: Perpendicular and parallel curb ramps

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Parallel Curb Ramps

DIAGRAM: Parallel curb ramps

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Perpendicular Curb Ramps

DIAGRAM: Perpendicular curb ramps

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IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp

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IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp

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Landing at intersecting sidewalks

IMAGE: landing at intersecting sidewalks

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IMAGE: Landing at intersecting sidewalks

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IMAGE: Landing clearly defined by joints

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Diagonal Curb Ramps

DIAGRAM: diagonal curb ramps

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Diagonal Curb Ramps

2011 PROWAG - R207.2 Alterations

In alterations where existing physical constraints prevent compliance with R207.1, a single diagonal curb ramp shall be permitted to serve both pedestrian street crossings.

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IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp

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IMAGE: crosswalk and curb ramp

Slide 93:

Detectable Warning Truncated Domes

IMAGE: curb ramp with no truncated domes

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IMAGE: curb ramp with truncated domes

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Detectable Warning Truncated Domes in Good Condition

IMAGE: curb ramp with damaged truncated domes

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No Ponding - Positive Drainage

IMAGE: Curb ramp with ponding at end

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IMAGE: Curb ramp with ponding at end

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Gutter Counter Slope

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IMAGE: showing excessive slope

• Less than 11% preferred

• 13% max

Slide 100

Image: flamingo in water

Slide 101

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Bus stop

Sidewalk

Curb Ramp

Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal

Pedestrian Street Crossing

Slide 102

Accessible Route Components

Pedestrian Signals

10’ maximum from face of curb, shoulder or pavement

10” maximum from edge of landing area

5’ maximum offset from marked crosswalk, long. w/road

Face of Pedestrian Pushbutton parallel with direction of crosswalk

Pedestrian Pushbutton height – approximately 42”, but no more than 48”

If two Pedestrian Pushbutton poles on the same corner, at least 10’ apart, unless approved otherwise.

If two ped pushbutton poles on the same pole, each marked with arrows on button housing.

Source: MUTCD (Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices)

Slide 103

DIAGRAM: examples of pedestrian signal locations on various geometries

Slide 104

IMAGE: crosswalk with pedestrian signal pole

Slide 105

IMAGE: crosswalk showing pedestrian signals

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Pedestrian Infrastructure

Bus stop

Sidewalk

Curb Ramp

Pedestrian Pushbutton and Pedestrian Signal

Pedestrian Street Crossing

Slide 107

Pedestrian Street Crossing

Minimize distance of crossing

Avoid skewed angles

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Action Points

Make decisions in consultation with those who have expertise in ADA and pedestrian infrastructure

“A good leader can engage in a debate frankly and thoroughly, knowing that at the end he and the other side must be closer, and thus emerge stronger. You don't have that idea when you are arrogant, superficial, and uninformed.”

--Nelson Mandela

Slide 109

Action Points

Inventory

Analysis

Respond to requests

Start construction

Good inspection during construction

Detailed inspection after construction for ADA compliance

Slide 110

Action Points

Analysis

When planning new fixed routes, choose bus stop locations to maximize accessibility

Consult with transit riders

Consult with transit staff, travel trainers and paratransit eligibility specialists

Ongoing monitoring and maintenance

Include tactile or technology elements to help visually impaired riders

Slide 111

Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure

IMAGE: street with no sidewalk

Slide 112

Expectations – Pedestrian Infrastructure

IMAGE: bus stop

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 113

Action Points

Make public officials and other decision makers aware of your interest in ADA compliance and what they are doing to accomplish that

Slide 114

Action Points

Report specific locations needing improvement

Detailed information such as:

Bus route

Intersecting streets

Corner

Adjacent existing property

Slide 115

Remember – Just the facts

IMAGE: the cast of the tv show Dragnet

Slide 116

Action Points

Follow up after reporting a location

Federal complaint

Department of Justice

Federal Transit Administration

Slide 117

Be Heard!

IMAGE: Bird, appears to be making noise

Slide 118

Good Resources

TCRP Report 163

Easter Seals Project Action

1 Checklist for Assessing the Accessibility of Transportation and Mobility

2 Toolkit for the Assessment of Bus Stop Accessibility and Safety

ITE: Accessible Public Rights-of-Way – Planning and Designing for Alterations

Slide 119

Upcoming Resource

AASHTO Guide for Geometric Design of Transit Facilities on Highways and Streets, 1st Edition

Expected to be release mid or late July 2014

Slide 120

Questions???

Slide 121

Public Transportation and Right-of-Way:

Making the Connection

Linda Osiecki

ada4row@

Slide 122

Contact Us

ADA questions

ADA National Network

1-800-949-4232 V/TTY



Questions about this presentation

Mid-Atlantic ADA Center

1-800-949-4232 V/TTY (DC, DE, MD, PA, VA, WV)

301-217-0124 local



Slide 123

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