TURKMEN - ENGLISH
Turkmen - English
Dictionary
a SPA project of Peace Corps Turkmenistan
Contributing Editors:
Jonathan Garrett
Greg Lastowka
Akgul Muhammetmuradova
Jahan Myradova
Kimberly Naahielua
Meena Pallipamu
Muhammed Rustamov
Meretgul Sharipova
Aynabat Yaylymova
© 1996 Garret, Lastowka, Naahielua, Pallipamu
Introduction
This dictionary is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive Turkmen/English dictionary to be printed. It consists of over 10,000 words and definitions and is intended as a general-purpose dictionary.
This dictionary was conceptualized, researched, and written as a secondary project of Peace Corps volunteers living in Turkmenistan, aided by Peace Corps staff and local counterparts. Its first printing was funded by a Small Project Assistance grant from the United States Goverment through Peace Corps Turkmenistan. We hope that it will aid in communication and mutual understanding between the people of our two countries.
Please direct any comments, corrections, or ommissions to Turkmen Dictionary Project, c/o Peace Corps Turkmenistan, P.O. Box 258, Krugozor, Central Post Office, Ashgabat 744000.
Acknowledgements
This dictionary was a cooperative effort. We would like to extend our thanks to: Ainabat Yaylymova for her enthusiasm and dedication to the project; Muhamet Rustamov of Bairam Ali for his expertise and assistance in translating obscure phrases and usages; Mehri Karkulova and Zuhre of the Peace Corp Staff in Ashgabat for their proofreading and general assistance; Berdi and Gulya Orazahatov of Bairam Ali for their encouragement and support; Sofia Esenovna Bagirova of Buzmein for her encouragement; and special thanks to Atgul Muhammetmuradova for her assistance throughout the project.
The authors also wish to acknowledge the contribution of V. Mesgudov, whose Turkmen/Russian Student's Dictionary was an important resource.
Above all, the authors would like to thank our Turkmen friends, families, and co-workers, who taught us their language and made this book possible.
Jonathan Garrett
Greg Lastowka
Kimberly Naahielua
Meena Pallipamu
Ashgabat, September 1996
Abbreviations
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
anat. anatomical
bot. botanical
col. colloquial
fig. figurative use
geol. geological
geom. geometrical
gram. grammatical
i.e. for example
mat. mathematical
med. medical
mil. military
n. noun, or noun-adjective
poet. poetic language
r. denotes that the word in question is either exists in the Russian language, or is derived from a word that exists in the Russian language.
v. verb
zool. zoological
Notes on Method
Every attempt was made to find the most reasonable and accurate translation for all words. In cases where a single Turkmen word has no single equivalent in English, multiple possible translations are separated by a comma, i.e.:
çekisme discussion, debate
When a word has various meaning in Turkmen, the multiple meanings are separated by numbers, i.e.:
gujak 1. embrace 2. armfull
When a two completely different words are spelled alike, their different meanings are separated by Roman numerals, i.e.:
saz I. music, musical II. accurate, intact
Where two words are spelled alike, but differentiated by a long vowel (see Appendix), they are listed as above, with the long vowel indicated by the vowel letter in brackets, i.e.:
at I. horse II.[a:] 1. name 2. vowel
Occasional examples of usage are given to help readers understand the word in context, or understand how the word is used in an idiomatic way. In this case, the illustrated word is followed by a colon, which is followed by the example, i.e.:
dek like, as: Bu burç dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper
In most cases, part of speech is obvious and ommitted in the interest of conserving space. However, when the part of speech is would otherwise be ambiguous, it is indicated.
When single-word translations are impossible, or clarification of usage is necessary, editorial text is written in italics. For short one or two word comments, parentheses are used.
Printer's Note
At the time of this printing, a complete computer-based font of the new Turkmen alphabet characters was not available to the general public. As a result, three characters have been substituted with close equivalents. These characters are as follows:
Official Character Substitute Character
¥ / ÿ
£ / £
? / ?
A
abadan?ylyk well-being
abadanlaºdyrmak to make well
abadanlaºmak to be made well
abanmak to lean over
abat intact
abatlyk intactness
abraØ reputation
abuna subscription
abuna?y subscriber
abzal tool
abzallar instruments
abzallaºdyrmak to make a tool
a? gšz greedy
a? open
a?-a?an freely, frankly : A?-a?an aØtsana = Please speak frankly
a?ar key
a?gšzlylyk greed, fighting by greedy people
a?mak to open
a?yk adj. open
a?ylyº opening
ada island
adaglamak to betrothe
adagly betrothed
adalat fairness
adalatly fair, just
adalatlylyk justice
adalatsyzlyk injustice
adalga term, title
adam person, man
adamkŠr?ilik philanthropy
adamzat humanity
adat?a normal, okay
adatlanmak to adapt
adaty usual
admiral r. admiral
adres r. address
adykmak to acquire
adyl lavish, wealthy
ady–daky named after
affiks r. affix
afiºa r. poster
afrikaly African
aga 1. older brother 2. (Balkan dialect) uncle
agajet withered, wrinkled
agaran 1. creamy froth of ?al 2. foam, froth 3. lightened, whipped up
agdar-du–der etmek to turn upside-down
agdarmak to overturn, push over
agdyk overmuch
agdyklyk predominance
aglaba often, the greater part
aglamak to cry, weep
agralmak 1. to grow heavy, weighten 2. to advance in pregnancy
agram weight
agramly heavy
agsak lame
agsamak to limp
agºamky adj. evening
agºamlyk nahar dinner
agtarmak to search, to look for
agtaryº search, quest
agtyk grandchild
agy weeping, crying
agyl pen, enclosure
agyr heavy
agyrlyk weight
agyrmak to hurt
agyrtmak to hurt, cause pain
agyry 1. ill 2. troubles
agyz beklemek to fast
agyz mouth
agyzzyryk horse's bit
agza member
agzala disjointed
agzamak 1. to mention someone else 2. to give voice to
agzybir friendly
agzybirlik friendship
ah darn!
aha aha!
ahlak moral (of a story)
ahmyr etmek to regret, lament
ahmyr regret, lament
ahwalet adverb
ahyr 1. trough 2. end, exit
ahyrky last, final
ahyryn last, final
ajal death
ajamak 1. to be spoiled 2. to be fermented
ajatmak 1. to spoil 2. to ferment
ajaØyp wonderful, beautiful
ajdarha dragon
ajšze on an empty stomach
ajy spicy, peppery, hot
ajyga ajyga, a spicy Turkmen salad or sauce made from potatoes, garlic, peppers, and onions
ajykmak to be hungry, hunger
ak white
akaba flowing
akar stream, flow
akdyrmak to release, let flow water or any other liquid
akgšwŸnli honest, open-hearted
aklamak to whiten, white-wash
aklaw?y lawyer
akmak 1. foolish, stupid 2. to flow
akmaklyk stupidity
akrobat r. acrobat
aktiw r. active
aktØor r. actor
akØuzli pale
akyl mind
akyldar intellectual
akylly smart, clever
akylsyz stupid
akylsyzlyk stupidity
akym stream, flow
akytmak to pour
al pink
ala multi-colored (2 colors)
alabahar early spring
alabeder multi-colored (3 or more colors)
ala? exit, escape
ala?syz inescapable
ala?syzlyk inevitability, unavoidability
alada cares, troubles
alada etmek to care for, go to trouble over
aladalanmak to care for, go to trouble over
aladaly troubled, preoccupied
aladandan in the pre-dawn
alahekik magpie
alahuberen alahuberen, a species of white and gray snake
alaja talisman of camel hair
alajy purchaser, customer
alaka rat
alamat mark, sign, signifier
alamatlandyrmak to signify
ala– hill
alarmak to dazzle
alarylmak to stare threateningly, to glare angrily
alasarmyk cloudy, uncertain
alaØaz early spring: ol alaØaz Øaly boldy = he came out of his bad mood
al?ak friendly, sociable
aldamak to lie
aldanmak to deceive oneself
aldaw deception, lie
aldaw?y liar, rascal, faker
aldygyna to the best of (my, its, his) ability : Men buni aldyguna etdim = I tried my best to do this
aldym-berdimli hard-fought, give-and-take
algy debt
aljyramak to be insecure
aljyra––y insecure, uncertain, afraid to act
aljyratmak to make someone/something a nervous wreck
alkym chin
allanŠme wonderful
alma 1. apple 2. (as a command) Don't take it!
almak to take
al–asamak to hurry, make haste
al–asan hurried
al–asatmak to hasten
altmyº sixty
alty six
altyn gold
aluw-satuw commerce
alyjy buyer
alym scientist
alymlyk science (degree)
alyn forehead, way, lead
alyndaky fore
alynda–y head scarf
alyp gelmek to come taking, to bring
alys far
alysda distant
alyº-?alyº exchange
alyºmak to exchange
amal action
aman 1. health, safety, wholeness 2. safe
amanat unknown property
amatly comfortable, handy
amatsyz uncomfortable
angyz spicy plant
anna friday
anonom anonymous
ant oath
anyk obvious
anyklamak to make clear
anyklyk clarity
a– mind, thought
a–-bilim education, knowledge
a–-dŸºŸnje prospect, vista
a–almak to wonder
a–karmak to look over
a–kaw stinker
a–kawmak to emit an unpleasing odor
a–latma expression, formula
a–latmak to express, signify
a–ly sober
a–mak to feel, understand
a–ry opposite
a–sat easy
a–syrmak to understand
a–zak frost
ap-ak whitest
apbasy two-sided
ar almak to take revenge
ar revenge
ar-namys integrity
ara interval, middle
araba cart (animal driven)
arabaglanºyk tie, connection
ara?Šk border
ara?Škdeº bordering
ara?y intermediary
arada recently
aradan ?ykmak to die
aradan since then
aragatnaºyk tie, connection
arak vodka
arakesme recess, break. time-out
aralamak to take apart
aralaºmak to attack
aralyk 1. distance, interval 2. middle-sized
aram moderately
aram-aram sometimes, now and then
arassa clean
arassalamak 1. to clean 2. to peel
ardynjyramak to cough up
arga? woof, weft (carpet-making term)
argyn tired
argynlyk weariness
arheolog r. archeology, archeologist
arheologik r. archeological
arhitektura r. architecture
arhiw r. archive
arka back (physical)
arkadaØŠn? brace, support
arkalanmak to hope
arkalaºmak to give a hand to, assist
arkalaºyk mutual aid
arkalaºyk support
arkaly supported, helped by
arkan prone
arkaØyn bolmak to count on
arkaØyn safe
arkaØynlamak to quiet, to make still
arman impossible fantasy
armyt pear
arpa barley
arryk skinny
arryklamak to get skinny
arslan lion
artdyrma increase, multiply
artilleriØa r. artillery
artist r. artist, actor
artmak 1. to increase 2. to peel
artyk extra
artykma? 1. extra 2. very: artykma? gyz = very good girl
ary bee
arza declaration
arzan inexpensive
arzuw dream, wish
arzuw etmek to wish
arzuwlamak to wish
as lizard
asfalt r. asphalt
asgy? hanging peg
asgyn weak
asgynlamak to weaken
asgynlyk weakness
asgyrmak to sneeze
aslynda generally
asmak to hang up
asman air, sky
aspirant r. graduate student
assa gently
assistent r. assistant
assyryn secret
assyrynlyk secretiveness
ast bottom, below
astronom r. astronomer
astronomiØa r. astronomy
asuda peaceful
asudalyk peace
asyl tribe, kin : sizi– asly–iz kim? = Who are your kin?
asylly noble
asylmak to hang
asylyp durmak tohang, be hanging
asyr century
aº food
aºa too much
aºak below : aØagy– aºagynda bolmak = to be underfoot
aºaklamak to lower
aºaky beggar, low-life
aºgar lye
aºgazan stomach
aºmak to cross : Kš?eden aºdym = I crossed the street
aºpez cook
aºyk sheep knee-bones (used in a children's game like dice)
aºyr somersault
aºyrmak to get across
at 1. horse 2. [a:] first name 3. [a:] noun 4. (as a command) shoot!
at calysma pronoun
at capysyk horse race
at Øatak stable
at-abraØ authority, reputation
ata grandfather
ata-baba forefather
ata-ene parents
atagzy 1. mouthful, bite 2. pliers
atanak cross
atanaklaØyn upon the cross
atarmak to get started (about cooking)
atdaº namesake
atgulak 1. wedding gifts 2. a kind of grass
atlandyrmak to name, call
atlaØyn 1. [a:] namely 2. on top
atlaz 1. r. atlas 2. r. satin
atletika r. athletics
atly 1. [a:] namely 2. [a:] topmost 3. [a:] famous 4. on horseback
atmak 1. throw 2. put 3. shoot (a weapon) 4. to add drink or food
atmosfera r. atmosphere
atom r. atom
atØatak stall, booth
atØuzli narrow
atyjy shooter
atym fingerful (about a tablespoon)
atyr scent
atyºmak to shoot down
atyz garden bed
auditoriØa r. auditiorium
aut out (as used in sports)
aw hunt
awamak to hunt
awatmak to hunt (something)
aw?y hunter
awlamak to hunt
awuºamak to hunt (something)
awy poison
aØ 1. moon 2. month
aØa palm
aØagu? geo. foot, bottom
aØak leg, end
aØak?y mosquito (lit. "legger")
aØakgap footwear
aØakgap shoe
aØaklamak to finish
aØakly leggy, fast
aØakØala–a? barefoot
aØal wife, woman
aØamak to take care of
aØan obvious
aØat memorial ceremony
aØawly cautious
aØaz frost
aØba-aØ every month
aØbogdaº "Indian style" : AØbogdaºy–y gurup otyrØarys = We're sitting "Indian style"
aØdylmak to pronounce : By sšz nŠhile aØdilØar? = How do you pronounce this word?
aØdylyº pronunciation
aØdym song
aØdym?i singer
aØdy– 1. moonlit, moon (adj.) 2. obvious
aØdy–laºdyrmak to make clear, explain
aØgyr stallion
aØgyt determination
aØgytly determined
aØlag 1. circle 2. gulf
aØlamak to turn, reflect
aØlanjyramak to stroll, saunter
aØlanma rotation
aØlanmak 1. to go around, turn
aØla–-saØla– a little stroll
aØlar seasons
aØlaw 1. circle 2. racetrack
aØlawly circular, curvy, winding
aØlyk 1. salary 2. monthly
aØman?a fence
aØna window, glass, mirror
aØnadan reflective
aØnalamak to make glassy
aØra singular, unique
aØralyk loneliness, separation
aØratyn specific, particular
aØratynlyk specificity
aØry different
aØrylmak 1. to get out 2. to complete 3. to die
aØy bear (animal)
aØyl-saØyl obvious
aØylgan? fright, horror
aØyp worthy of blame
aØypgy? accusative (gram.)
aØyplamak to blame
aØyrmak to complete
az little, few
az-azdan little by little
az-oblak a little bit
aza ill
azalmak to lessen
azap torment, torture
azar bermek to give trouble, pain
azar trouble, pain
azaºmak to get lost
azat free
azatlyk freedom
azgyrylmak to holler
azmak to get spoiled
azot r. nitrogen
azyk food
B
baba grandfather
babatda on the part of
babatdan from that, that's why
bada initially
bada-bat immediately
badamjan eggplant
badyna immediately
bag 1. tree 2. lace, shoelace
bagaj r. baggage
bagana sheep skin
bagjyk lace
baglamak to join, connect
baglanyºyk joint, unison
baglanyºykly united
baglaØjy united, joined
bagly bolmak to depend on
bagly dependent
bagºy singer
bagt luck
bagtly happy (with luck)
bagyr liver
bagyr-šØken lungs
bagyº devoted
bagyºlamak 1. to forgive 2. to dedicate, devote
baha mark, grade, price
bahana excuse
bahanlamak to find an excuse for
bahar spring
bahyl envious
bahyllyk envy
bahym soon (dialect of basym)
baja wife's brother
bajak cousin
bajy husband's sister (rarely used)
bajyp significant, important
bak tank, vessel
baka straight toward: Ol ma–a baka ØšrŠr gelØŠrdi = she came straight to me
bakaleØa r. grocery store, groceries
bakaly well, c'mon : AØt bakaly = well, tell me already
bakja melonfield
bakmak to graze animals
bakteria r. bacteria
baky eternal
bakyna colonial
bakyº glance : ogryn bakyº = a furtive (stolen) glance
bal honey
bala baby
balak pants
bal?y bee-keeper
baldak stable
baldyz younger sister-in-law
balet r. ballet
balkon r. balcony
balkyldamak to glisten, glitter
ballistik r. ballistic
balyk fish
banderol r. package
bank bank
banka r. jar
bap chapter
bar to exist : Seni– kellŠ– barmy? = Are you thinking? (Do you have your head?)
barabar equal, equally
barada about
bardaºly healthy
bardy-geldi if something comes up : Bardy-geldi siz gerek bolsany–iz... = If it happens you need something...
barha all
barlag check-up
barlag iº quiz
barlag?y examiner
barlamak to check, examine
barly rich in possessions, abundant
barlyk being
barlyºyk coming, meeting, gathering
barmak 1. finger, toe 2. to go
barrikada r. baracade
bars r. snow leopard
barØer r. barrier
bary all, everyone, everything, entire: Bary ºumy? = Is this all?
bary-Øogy all in all
baryp again
basgalamak to trample
basgan?ak step(s)
basmak to press
basseØn r. pool
bassyrma awning
basybalyjy agressor
basylmak to lose, be defeated
basym soon
basyrganmak to rant and rave
basyrmak to close, cover
basyº pressure
baº 1. head 2. [a:] boil, abscess
baº egme worship
baº egmek to worship
baº tutan boss, chief
baºa-baº one on one
baºagaØ 1. vain 2. busy
baºagaØlyk vanity
baºarjan efficient
baºarmak to be able to
baºarnykly able, capable
baºarnyklyk ability
baºaºak the very height, the tippy-top
baºda in the beginning
baºdan from the very start
baºdan-aØak from head to toes
baºga other
baºga zat other things
baºga?a 1. differently 2. otherwise
baºlamak to begin
baºlangy? primary beginning
baºly-barat orderliness
baºlyk boss, hetman
bat span
batalion r. battallion
batareØa r. battery
batga 1. slime, mud 2. swamp
batlandyrmak to stretch, extend
batmak to sink, fall
batnyksyz meaningless, silly
batyr courageous, bold
batyrlyk courage, boldness
baØ rich
baØ-bow good golly! sheesh!
baØan enriched, become rich
baØanmak to become rich
baØdak flag
baØguº owl
baØlaºdyrmak to enrich
baØlyk wealth
baØrak prize, reward
baØram festival
baØry old, great
baØrynmak to rely, be protected, be supported
baØtal mare
baØyr hill
baza r. base, foundation
bazar bazaar
be wow! oh! gosh!
bede hay
beden body
beden terbiØe physical training
bedenterbie gym, exercise
bedre pail
bedroØ ugly
begen? joy
begendirmek to gladden
begeØik gusset
begres coat
bejergi 1. treatment 2. design, pattern
bejermek to treat, repair
bekemek to harden, strengthen
beklemek to block, seal off
bela disaster
belent big, tall, majestic
belentlik height
belet acquainted
belet?ilik acquaintance
belgi sign
belgilemek to signify, make or place a sign
belka squirrel
belke a noodle dish
belki apparent
bellenme nomination
bellenmek to nominate, make known
belli well-known
bellik sign
bent dam, dyke
bentlemek to dam up
benzin r. gasoline
berbat destroyed, destruction
ber? tumor
ber?ikmek to satiate
ber?in rivet
berekella clever, "way-to-go"
bereket abundance
bereketli abundant
berentak some
bergi debt
bergidar debtor
berhizli on a diet
berjaØ fulfilment : Men buØrugy berjaØ etdim = I fulfilled the order
berk firm, strong
berkitme reinforced, reinforcement
berkitmek to fortify
berklik firmness, strength
berØoza r. birch
bes enough
beslemek to decorate
bet bad
betbagt bad luck
betbagtlyk accident, misfortune
beter worse
beterlemek to worsen : Ùel beterleØŠrdi = The wind got worse
betgelºik ugly
betlik badness, mischief
betnebis greedy
betnebislik greed
betniet malevolent, plotting
betnysan ugly
beton r. concrete
betpŠl malevolent, plotting
beØan etmek to describe, retell, relate
beØan tale
beØanama tale
beØem?i manager
beØem?ilik etmek to manage
beØgelmek to grow taller
beØhuº unconscious
beØi quince
beØik great, grand
beØikli-pesli high and low, one and all
beØiklik height
beØle 1. so, such : BeØle zady nireden aldy–? = Where did you get such a thing? 2. that side
beØleki the other, a different
beØlŠk there : Ol beØlŠk gitdi = He went there
beØni brain
bezeg decoration
bezemek to decorate
bezemen well-dressed
bezmek same as bezikmek
bezzat little rascal
bŠ golly, wow
bŠbek baby
bŠgŸl rose
bŠhbit advantage, gain, profit
bŠl?ik merry
bŠl?iremek to make merry
bŠl?ireºmek to joke around
bŠri 1. here 2. since, this side of
bŠrik here : BŠrik geli– = Come here
bŠsdeº rival
bŠsleºik rivalry
bŠº five : BŠº barmagymy– Øaly bilØŠrin = I know it like my five fingers
bŠºlik 1. "A" student 2. n. five, fiver
biabraØ shameful
biabraØlyk shame: Gšr, nŠhile biabraØlyk! = What a shame!
biagyry careless, carefree
biala? willy-nilly, involuntarily: Biz biala? razylaºdyk = We agreed against our will
bi?ak very, extremely : Sizde bi?ak uly piºik bar = You have an extremely big cat
bi?im cut, fashion
bi?im?i tailor
bi?mek to cut, tailor
biderek 1. useless, worthless 2. dangerous
bidin without permission
bidŸzgŸn undisciplined
biedep discourteous
biedeplik discourtesy
bigaØrat incapable
bigŸnŠ innocent
bigŸnŠlik innocence
bihabar misinformed
bihepbe a do-nothing, lazybones
bijaØ 1. uncomfortable
bije lot, fate, fortune : Bijeli oglan aglamaz Å Accept your fate
bikanun lawless
bikŠr idle
bil waist
bilagyry rheumatism
bilbag belt
bilbil nightingale
bildiriº announcement
bildirmek to make known, to report upon
bile together
bilek fore-arm
bileleºik association
bilelikde together
bilen with : ‚aØy gant bilen i?! = Drink the tea with sugar!
bilesigeliji curious, prying
bilesigelijilik curiousity
bilet r. ticket
bilezik bracelet
bilgeºleØin on purpose
bilguºak sash, girdle, belt
bilim education, knowledge
bilimli educated, knowledgeable
bilmek to know, to be able : Men ØŸzŸp bilmeØŠrin = I can't swim
bilmezden unknown
bilmezlik unknowing
bimamla wrong : Sen bimamla = You're wrong.
bimaza sleepless
bina building
binamys shameless
bintlemek to screw in
binØŠt? eternally joined (?)
biografiØa r. biography
biologiØa r. biology
biparh indifferent, careless
biperwaØ indifferent
biperwaØlyk indifference
bir bar eken, bir Øok eken traditional story opening, like our "Once upon a time... "(lit. One says it was, one says it wasn't)
bir menzes identical
bir one, a
biraz a little
birazajyk a little bit
birbada from the beginning
bir?ak long ago
birden suddenly
birdenka all of a sudden
birehim heartless, worthless
birek-biregi each other
birhili 1. strange, somewhat 2. monotonous, boring
biri one of : kitaby– biri = one of the books
birigŸn day after tomorrow
birikmek to unite
birin-birin from start to finish
birinji first
biri–ilik priority
birkemsiz irreproachable
birleºdirmek to unite
birleºen united
birleºik union
birleºmek to be united : €hli Øurtlary– proletary birleºi–! = Workers of the world, unite!
birlik 1. unit 2. oneness 3. only
birlikde together, as one
birmahal a long time ago
birme–zeº identical
birnŠ?e some
birsydyrgyn consecutive, uniformly distributed
birsyhly continuous : ‚agajyk birsyhly aglardy = The kid was crying constantly
birtaraplaØyn one-sided
birwagt a long time ago, once
birØyllyk adj. one-year
bisarpa thriftless, uneconomical
biº-duº meal
biºirmek to cook, prepare a dish : meni– ejem ?šrek biºirdi = my mother made bread (?šrek)
biºmek to be cooked
bitarap neutral
bitaraplyk neutrality
bitaØ pairless, odd: bitaØ jorap = odd sock
bitewi sole
bitin whole, entire
bitirmek to fill up
bitmek to become full, to be fulfilled: Onu– islegi bitdi = His desires were fulfilled
biwagt at the wrong time
biwepa faithless, untrue
biwepalyk faithlessness
biygtyØar involuntary
biynjalyk uneasy
biz 1. we 2. awl
bizar bolmak to get sick of, grow tired of: Sizi– gŸrrŸ–leri–izden men bezigipdirin = I've grown tired of your talk
blank r. form
bloknot r. notepad
bogaldak mast
bogaz 1. inlet 2. throat
bogmak to tie, bind
bognamak to saw: Agajy bognadym = I sawed wood
bogulmak to suffocate
bogun syllable
bok feces
boks r. boxing
boks?y boxer
bokyrdak throat
bol 1. full of, rich with : By derØada balyk bol = This river is full of fish 2. Command form of bolmak, often used with animals : Bol! = Stay!
bolelenlik sufficient
bolgusyz meaningless, absurd, ridiculous
bolmak to be, happen
bolmasa if not, or else : Gowy oka, bolmasa instituta girip bilmersi– = Study well, or else you won't enter the institute.
bolu?lyk abundant
boluº 1. behaviour 2. victory
bolØar okay, good
bomba r. bomb
bombalamak to bomb
boran snowstorm
bor? duty
bor?lanmak to take a duty upon oneself
borona r. harrow (in a field)
borº r. borscht (soup)
bort r. beehive
bosaga threshold : bosagadan Štlemek = to cross a threshold
bosmak to flee
boº free, empty, unused
boºatmak to empty, unload
boºluk emptiness
botanika r. botanical
botlamak to birth, to calve
boØ height
boØag paint
boØamak to paint
boØdan-baºa from start to finish
boØdaº 1. girlfriend 2. person of the same height
boØun almak to admit, confess
boØun neck
boØun?a on, along, according to : Plan boØun?a iºledik = We worked according to the plan
boz fallow, untilled : boz erler = virgin lands
bozgak trouble-maker
bozgaklyk trouble, sedition
bozgu? eraser
bozmak 1. to erase 2. to ruin
bozulan out of tune, out of whack
bozylmak to be ruined
bškdemek to obstruct
bškden? obstruction
bškmek to bounce, jump
bšlek part
bšlek-bšlek to pieces : Kagyzy bšlek-bšlek etdim = I tore the paper to pieces
bšlekleyin partial
bšlmek to divide, to part
bšlŸm section
bšlŸºmek to get done
bšrek pilmeni
bšri wolf, wolfish
bšrŸk skull cap
bšwet dam
bšwrek kidney
bšwºe– spacious
bšwŸr side, flank : Meni– sag bšwrŸm agyrØar = My right side hurts
bšwŸrslen blackberry
bšwŸsmek to penetrate, break through
bu this
bug steam
bugarmak to evaporate
bugdaØ renk dark in complexion
bugdaØ wheat
bugdaØ wheat
buhgalter r. bookkeeper
bukdaklamak to creep, to sneak
bukja bag, envelope
bukmak to conceal, hide away : Ol otly?špi ?agalardan bukØar = She hides the matches from the kids
bukullym hide and seek (game)
buky shelter, cover
bulak spring, tap
bulam-bujar confusion
bulamak to mix, stir
bulanmak 1. to be mixed, stirred 2. to feel nauseous, vomitous
bulaºdyrmak to mix up
bulaºmak 1. to get dirty 2. to get tangled and confused
bulaºyk entangled
bulaØlamak to wave, brandish
buldozer r. bulldozer
buldur?yn frost
bulgur wine-glass
bulukmak to increase
bulut cloud
burawlamak to drill, bore
bur? 1. angle, corner 2. pepper
burjy frost
burmak to twist, whirl
burug?y a puff
burugsamak to puff, swirl, curl (of smoke)
burun nose
buºlamak to bring good tidings : Ol meni– oglumy– bolanyny buºlady = He brought me the news of my son's birth
but hip, thigh
buterbrod r. sandwich
buthana church
butnamak to move : Butnaman dur! = Stand still!
buØrak curl, curly = buØrak sa?ly Øigit = curly-haired lad
buØruk command
buØsan? pride
buØsanjan proud
buØsanmak to be proud
buØurmak to order, command
buz ice
bŸdremek to stumble on : Daºa bŸdredim = I tripped on a stone
bŸkdŸrmek to pound, twist
bŸkgŸldemek to throb, pound
bŸkmek to bend
bŸkŸlmek to be bent, to bend (oneself)
bŸre 1. flea 2. fleabite
bŸremek to cloud, obscure
bŸrgŸt eagle
bŸrjeºmek to be wrinkled
bŸrkŸr hunched
bŸrmek to wrinkle
bŸrŸn? 1. bronze 2. rice
bŸtin whole, throughout
bŸtindŸnØa universal
bŸtinleØ completely
bŸzmek to tighten, pull together
bŸzŸlmek to be tightened
bØujet r. budget
bØuro r. bureau
by?gy saw
by?gylmak to saw
bykyn side
byzmyk pancake, crepe
‚
?abga downpour
?adyr tent
?aga 1. child 2. children's
?aga-?uga children, kids
?agalar bagy kindergarden
?agaly with children
?agalyk 1. childhood 2. childness
?agarmak to call, invite
?agaryº invitation
?agsamak 1. to be destroyed 2. to be old
?agsyldamak to rustle
?agyl gravel
?agyrmak 1. to invite 2. to call 3. to summon
?ak 1. measure, degree, way 2. offer, proposal, suggestion 3. time 4. probability, likelihood
?ak etmek to guess
?akdanaºa excessive
?akgan dextrous, adroit, deft
?akganlyk adroitness, dexterity
?akgy pen-knife
?aklamak to suppose, assume
?akmak 1. to sting or bite 2. to chirp
?aknyºmak 1. to strike, knock 2. to collide, run into
?aknyºyk collision, crash
?aksyz immeasurable, immense
?akylyk invitation
?akyr alcohol
?akyºmak to collide, run into, come across
?akyza sick; having a headache
?al I. camel's milk II. gray, dull in color
?ala 1. hardly, scarcely; only a little 2. incidentally, in passing 3. slowly
?alaja a little
?alajan half-dead
?alam-?aº scattered
?alarmak to turn gray
?alasowat uneducated, ignorant
?alasowatlyk ignorance
?alasyn quick, agile
?alasynlyk quickness, agility
?algy machete
?algyrt with an accent
?almak 1. to smear, rub, spread 2. to play a musical instrument 3. to grind; sharpen 4. to strike, knock, hit
?alpaw puddle, pool
?alºyk exchange, interchange
?alºyrgy? shift (of work)
?alºyrmak 1. to exchange; barter 2. to confuse, mix-up
?alºyrynmak to change one's clothes
?alt quickly, rapidly
?altlandyrmak to accelerate; speed
?altlyk quickness, swiftness, rapidity
?alykmak to dry up, wither
?alym etmek to resemble
?alyºma 1. exchange 2. pronoun
?alyºmak 1. to exchange; barter 2. to vary, alternate 3. to try for, strive for 4. to be replaced, relieved
?aman lazy, idle, sluggish
?anak 1. cup 2. kneecap
?anaklyk pelvis
?a– dust
?a–amak to get dusty
?a–jarmak to get dusty
?a––alak to become dusty
?ap etme publication
?ap etmek to publish
?ap seal, stamp
?apady chapati
?apak I. cotton II.
?ap?y printer
?apgy chopper, small hammer
?apgyn sharp, biting, piercing
?aphana printing plant
?apmak I. 1. to skip, hop, gallop, race 2. to run around, avoid II. to chop
?apyk 1. fallen tree 2. scar
?apyksuwar equestrian
?apyºmak to compete with; strive to overpass
?apyºyk race
?aramak : baºy–y ?aramak to inquire, consult
?arh 1. spinning wheel 2. wheel
?arkandak hole
?arlak sea gull
?arpaØa galmak to stand on end
?arpmak to clap
?arpyºyk : el ?arpyºyk applause
?arsenbe Wednesday
?arºak 1. pitchfork 2. fork
?arºenbe Wednesday
?arwa nomad
?arwad?ylyk transcience (the state of being a nomad)
?asly loud, great
?aslyk bandy-legged
?asowoØ r. by the hour, by the clock
?asy slanting, oblique; squinty-eyed
?asyrmak 1. to pitch a tent, spread out, set up 2. to knock down, overthrow 3. to knock unconscious
?aºmak 1. to disperse, break up 2. to come apart, fall to pieces 3. to lose, waste 4. to be lost, wasted
?at split, crack, crevice
?atak difficult
?atalba anat. sacrum
?atlamak to burst, crack up, split open
?atma hut, tent
?atmak 1. to sew, embroider 2. to tie together, connect, bind 3. to snatch, grasp, seize
?atryk crossroads
?atynja = tŠze ?atynja newlyweds
?awmak to ricochet
?aØ I. tea II. small river, creek
?aØ-?šrek meal
?aØhana tea-house
?aØkamak 1. to rinse out 2. to rinse, gargle 3. to rock, swing, shake
?aØkamak to rinse
?aØkanmak to stagger, lurch
?aØkeº tea-lover
?aØlamak to water, give drink
?aØmak to cover, coat
?aغarmak to bend, to distort
?aغyk bandy-legged
?aØyr bot. chayir
?ebis kid
?ebºek little bunny
?ek check : ?ek boØun?a tšlemek = to pay by check
?ekankalamak to mint, coin, chase
?ekdirme chekdirme, a traditional Turkmen meat dish
?ekelemek 1. to torment, torture 2. to pester
?ekeleºik discussion, dispute, controversy
?ekeleºmek to dispute, argue, quarrel
?eker sliding box, drawer
?ekge cheek-bone
?eki? hammer
?ekilmek 1. to step back, fall back, retreat 2. to reduce diminish, grow less 3. to grow lean
?ekimiz agreeable, harmonious
?ekimli public
?ekimli ses vowel
?ekimsiz ses consonant
?ekinmede feel free to...
?ekinmek 1. to feel shy, embarrassed 2. to be afraid
?ekirtge locust
?ekis hammer
?ekisme discussion, debate
?ekiºme etmek to debate
?ekiºmeler debate
?ekize chekize: a common milk product resembling cream cheese, but more sour
?ekmek I. 1. to pull, draw, tow 2. to carry, drag, pull 3. to last : Examinler bir aØa ?ekdi = The exam took one month 4. to lead, conduct 5. to drag in, involve 6. 7. to smoke 8. to get procure 9. to be like, resemble 10. to carry, bear, bring 11. to draw a picture, make a design II. to hang up; weigh
?ekremek to bleat
?elek cask, tun
?elgi landmark
?elpek r.
?em successful moment, good event
?em?e spoon
?eme convenient situation?
?emedan r. suitcase
?emelenmek to prepare, train
?emeleºmek to approach, go up to, arrive, come
?emeli 1. convenient, comfortable 2. exemplary, approximate 3. apparently, evidently
?emen 1. banquet wreath 2. meadow
?emesiz inconvenient, uncomfortable
?empion r. champion
?empionat r. championship
?en 1. situation 2. time 3. measure, degree, way
?endan sometimes, occasionally, here and there
?endanaºa excessive
?enemek 1. to take aim at 2. to threaten
?enemek to chew
?enlemek to suppose, assume, plan
?enli until
?ensiz immeasurable, immense
?e––ek hook, crochet needle
?ep left, left side
?epbekeØ southpaw, left-handed person
?eper 1. skilled, skillful 2. artful 3. eloquent
?eper eser fiction
?eper?ilik mastery, art
?eperlik mastery
?epiksi scrawny, skin-and-bones
?erkes r. Circassian (ethnicity)
?ermek
?ermemek to turn up, tuck up
?ernil r. purple
?ertØor r. draft, mechanical drawing
?eºme 1. key 2. spring, source
?eºme source
?et I. 1. border, edge, boundary 2. fringe II. foreign
?etin difficult
?etleºdirmek to isolate, to insulate
?etleºmek to be isolated, insulated
?eØe flexible, pliable
?eØelik flexibility
?eØnemek 1. to chew 2. to bite
?Š? agri. yield (of grain)
?Šge sand
?Šgesšw Øer a place with sandy soil
?Šk 1. border 2. a definite part
?Šklendirmek to organize
?Šklenmek to be organized, arranged, outlined
?Šksiz boundless, limitless
?ŠkØaka collor of a boy's traditional Turkmen shirt
?Šre punishment
?Šresiz forced, of necessity
?ŠrØek quarter
?Šºermek to lie, be still
?ŠØnek teapot
?ŠØnik teapot
?ig 1. damp, moist 2. unripe, immature 3. crude, raw : ?ig mal = natural resources
?igildem tulip
?igilmek to get tied up in knots
?igin I. shoulder, back II. lot, destiny
?igit sunflower seed : ?igit Øag = sunflower oil
?igmal raw materials
?igmek 1. to get tied up, stuck in a knot 2. to get entangled, confused, perplexed
?igrek rime, mist
?igreklemek to catch a cold
?igremek 1. to become chilly 2. to become warm
?ikge corner of the eye
?il border
?ilik "chilik", a children's game
?ilim cigarette
?ilimkeº smoker
?iliºirmek to cross one's legs
?intgemek to inquire, to ask
?i–e steadfast
?i–erilmek to stare
?i–rik reed, cane : ºeker ?i–rik = sugar cane
?irkeØ mosquito; moth
?irkin shrill, penetrating, piercing
?irkizmek to roast; fry
?irtmek 1. to pinch, to tweak 2. to cut, incise
?isme inflammation
?ismek 1. to inflate, swell 2. to inflate, puff out
?is–emek to drizzle
?is–i drizzle, frost
?iº I. swelling, tumor II. 1. spit 2.
?iºik thick, large, big, stout, fat
?iºirmek to inflate, to swell
?iºlik shish-kebob
?iºme inflammation
?iºmek to become inflamed
?it 1. chinze, cotton 2. adj. cotton
?itgitlemek to crack; chew nuts, seeds
?itim connection, knot
?itmek to tie together, bend, connect
?len r. member, limb, article, part
?lenlik r, membership
?og heat, sultriness
?ogdan tuft, shred, rag
?ogmak to flow, pour, spread
?okalamak to peck
?okaØ chokai, Turkmen leather shoes
?okmak to peck, pick, bite
?ola 1. secluded 2. unpopulated
?olak cripple
?olamak 1. to wrap up drop in 2. to wrap up
?olarmak to become empty, deserted
?olaºmak 1. to get confused, mixed up 2. to become entangled
?olpy ladle
?oluk shepherd boy
?ommalmak to squat, curtsy
?ommaltmak 1. to protrude 2. to poke, jab, thrust
?onak lacking one or more toes or fingers
?opan shepherd
?opan?ilik shepherdhood
?opantelpek camomille
?or dirt, mud
?orba soup
?orlamak to get dirty
?otga r. brush
?otgalamak r. 1. to clean 2. to brush, to brush off
?owdary rye
?owlamak I. to sharpen II. to burn, scorch, singe
?owluk great-grandson
?oØmak to warm up, heat
?oØun r. cast iron, made of cast iron
?oØunmak to heat
?ozmak 1. to advance 2. to dash, rush
?ške dŸºmek to sit on the knees, to kneel
?škermek to kneel
?šket low, lower
?šketlik lowlands, hollow
?škmek 1. to sink, fall, come down, go down 2. to subside, settle 3. to bend one's knees 4. to sit down, board, get into
?škŸndi 1. sediment, aftertaste 2. deposit (geological)
?šl desert
?šp 1. stick 2.
?špboØa bot. chopboia
?špleme 1. (burning) chip, spill 2. brushwood
?šplemek to pick up
?šplemek to pick up, gather, collect
?špŸr goat wool
?šr low
?šrlek bread (also "food" in general)
?šºlemek used in Øumagy gšºlemek
?šwre back, inside, wrong side
?šwrŸlmek 1. to turn inside out 2. to turn over, overturn
?šz anat. mesentery
?šzgŸt decision, resolution
?šzlemek to untangle
?šzmek 1. to untie, unleash, loosen 2. to solve, decide, resolve
?šzŸlmek 1. to come untied 2. to be resolved
?šzŸº solution
?ugutmak to roll up, curl up
?ukanak hole
?ukur I. hole, pit, dungeon II. 1. deep, profound, low 2. hollow, sunken
?ukuralmak 1. to extend, make more profuse, make deeper 2. to sink, to grow hollow
?ukurlyk hole, pit
?u– deep
?u–almak to make deeper, to become more profound, extensive
?u–altmak to deepen
?u–laºmak to deepen gradually
?u–luk depth, remoteness
?u––ur profound
?u–samak to shriek, yelp
?us swift-footed
?uw adjectival intesifier : Øumagy gšºlemek =
?uwal chuwal, Turkmen sack
?uwaº r. Chugach (nationality)
?Ÿlpe small, tiny
?ŸmdŸrmek 1. to put inside, to stick into 2. to immerse, sink into, plunge
?Ÿmhšrek legible, discernible, fastidious
?Ÿmhšreklik legibility, scrupulousness
?Ÿmmek 1. to thrust, to plunge, to transfix 2. to be absorbed in, lost in
?ŸmmŸk pinch
?ŸmmŸklemek to pinch, to tweak
?ŸmºŸldi a tickle, a strange feeling on the skin
?ŸmŸrmek to soak
?Ÿnki because, therefore
?Ÿ–k 1. corner, angle, nook 2. beak, bill
?Ÿpremek to degenerate
?Ÿr depesi 1. top, crest 2. the highest ranks
?Ÿrelmek to taper
?Ÿri conical, crested
?Ÿrt-kesik bluntly; categorically
?ŸrŸºmek to wither, shrivel, shrink
?Ÿwde butt
?ŸwdŸrmek to stream, flow, run
?Ÿwek to drive, transport, pull
?ŸØ nail
?ŸØlemek to nail
?ŸØremek to rot
?ŸØrŸk rotten, putrid
?ŸØrŸklik rottenness
?ŸØrŸntgi humus
?ŸØºe 1. glass, pane 2. bottle
?yban boil, furnucle
?ybºyldy rustle (noise)
?ybºyrlamak to rustle (to make a rustling noise)
?ybyk rod, switch
?ybyklamak 1. to cut up, chop, cleave 2. to whip, flog
?ybyn mosquito
?ydam patience
?ydamak 1. to suffer, endure, withstand 2. to tolerate, to bear 3. to snatch, grab, seize
?ydamly 1. tolerant; bearable 2. solid, firm, lasting
?ydamlylyk 1. tolerance 2. durability
?ydamsyz 1. impatient 2. intolerant
?yg moisture
?ygjarmak to wet or dampen slightly
?ygly moist, raw, wet, humid, damp
?yglyk moistness, humidity, dampness
?ygºyldamak to rustle (to make a rustling noise)
?ygºyldy rustle (noise)
?ygylmak to grieve, long for
?ygyrmak to cry out, bawl, lament, wail
?ykalga exit
?ykan cousin
?ykarmak 1. to take out, pull at 2. to take off, strip, undress 3. to let out, release 4. to dismiss, discard 5. to publish, edit, put out 6. to manufacture, produce 7. to get, obtain, procure 8. to display, expose 9. to dislocate, sprain 10. to remove, transfer
?ykdajy expenditure, debt
?ykdaØjy expense
?ykgynsyz 1. continual 2. desperate, hopeless
?ykmak 1. to exit, to leave 2. to go, set off 3. to climb up, into 4. to utter, emit 5. to result in 6. to turn out, be found 7. to meet 8. to leave, withdraw, drop out 9. to originate, eminate 10. to dislocate, sprain : gapºy ?ykmak = to oppose : Øatdan ?ykmak = to forget
?ykyrynmak to take off, to strip
?ykyº etmek to perform, make a speech
?ykyº speech, presentation
?ykyw address
?ylgym strip, streak
?ylka fillet
?ylpyk pus
?ylpyklamak to fester
?ylºyrymlaºdyrmak to be complicated
?ylºyrymlaºmak to become complicated
?ylºyrymly complex, complicated
?ym : ‚ym-?ym etme! = Don't be shy! (used when someone is eating little)
?yn true
?yn ØŸrekden sincerely
?ynar plane tree
?ynlakaØ in earnest, seriously
?ynØŸrekdeºlik sincerity
?yp noise from eating?
?ypar red, sorrel
?ypdyrma lie, falsehood
?yplak lightly dressed, with light baggage
?ypla– lightly dressed, with light baggage
?yra lamp
?yr?yk sickness
?yr?yklamak to fall ill
?yrlamak to wind around, embrace with
?yrmamak to wrap up
?yrmaºmak to plait, braid
?yrmaºyk ivy
?yrpmak I. to mint, coin II. to rinse, gargle
?yrpynmak 1. to wind, wiggle, twist, meander 2. to roar, rage, storm
?yrryldamak to whistle
?yrryldyy a whistle
?yrºak dirt, mud
?yrºamak 1. to smear, to rub in, to spread
?ytalaºmak to try, to endeavor, to strive
?ytmak to knit the browns, to frown, to wrinkle
?ytyk 1. gloomy, sullen, cloudy (personal) 2. gloomy, dark (weather)
?yzgmak to turn up, to tuck up
?yzgy 1. drawing 2. drawing, draft, note
?yzgy? ruler (for geometry)
?yzmak to draw, design
?yzmyk stripe
?yzyk line, trait, feature
D
daban sole (of foot)
dabara celebration, ceremony
dabaralanmak to celebrate, observe a ceremony
dabaraly ceremonial
dadyrmak to taste
dag mountain
dagatmat to scatter
daglamak 1. to grill 2. to brand
dagly mountain-dweller
dagy else, what else : Dagy zat tapmady–my? = Didn't you find anything else?
dagy-duwara from now on, henceforward
dagynyk uncoordinated, odd
dahylly important, relevant : Bu sa–a dahylly dŠl = This doesn't concern you
dakmak to put on : Ol barmagy–a ØŸzŸk dakdy = She put the ring on her finger
dakynmak to wear
dalak med. spleen
dalan veranda, porch
dalbar summer-house
dal?yn carnation
dalda help, aid
daljykmak to pant, be out of breath
damak throat
damar vein, artery, nerve : gan damar = blood vessel
damdyk small drop (i.e. of water)
damja drop
damjalamak to drip
dammak to drip : Dama-dama kšl bolar, hi? dammasa - ?šp bolar Å Drop by drop makes a lake, but not a drop makes a desert
daniØaly Danish
danmak to tie, fasten
da– atmak to dawn
da– dawn
da–dan at dawn
da–danky adj. early-morning
da–mak 1. to tie 2. to wrap around
da–y tether, tie
dar narrow
darak comb
daraklyk toes
daralmak to shrink
daramak to comb
dartgynly tense, intense
dartmak to tug
dary millet
darykmak to worry
daº I. far II. 1. exterior 2. yard, outside area 3. cover (i.e. of a book) III. [a:] stone
daº-tšwerek vicinity, surroundings
daºamak to carry
daºary 1. outside 2. external
daºary Øurt dili foreign language
daºdeºen woodpecker
daºgyn above, beyond
daºky outside, outer
daºlamak to stone, throw stones at
daºlaºdyrmak to remove, extract
daºly stony, rocky
daºlykdaky remote
daºmak to overflow
daºyndan besides, in addition to
dat-bidat! help!
datmak to taste
davaØ r. "Come on! Let's!"
dawa conflict, argument
dawalaºmak to argue
dawaly argumentative
daØamak to prop up
daØan? support
daØaw strong, healthy
daØhan peasant (often used to replacethe Russian "kolhoznik" , meaning "collective farmer")
daØy uncle
daØza 1. aunt 2. ma'am
dazarylmak to come down hard on someone, get tough with
dazlamak to rush, speed along
debsilmek to spur
degerli 1. persuasive, convincing 2. efficacious
degirmek to concern, affect
degirmen mill : degirmen daºy = millstone
degiºgen joker
degiºli bolmak to belong
degiºli concerning, in relation to
degiºmek to joke
degmek 1. to touch 2. to bump against 3. fig. to affect, bother, play with : Gowusy, sen ma–a degme! = You'd better not mess with me!
dek I. still, unmoving II. like, as : Bu bur? dek ajy = This is hot as a pepper
dekabr r, December
dekada r, decade
dekan r, dean
dekrek r, decree
del unusual, strange
delegat r, delegate
delegatsiØa r, delegation
delil evidence, case
delillendirmek to present evidence, make a case
dellek barber
dellekhana barber shop
dem almak to breathe
dem breath, vapor : demi–izi goØberi–! = Please exhale!
dem-dyn? a break, a rest
demgysma asthma
demikmek to gasp, breath heavily
demir iron : demir Øol = railroad
demirgazyk north
demirgazyk-gŸnbatar northwest
demirgazyk-gŸndogar northeast
demlemek to boil (water for tea) : ‚aØ demleØŠrin = I'm making tea
demokratik r. democratic
demokratsiØa r. democracy
demrew herpes (includes all herpes family diseases, such as psoriasis, shingles, and ringworm)
de– the same, equal : BoØlary de– aga?lar = The trees are the same height
de–duº person of the same age, peer
de–e-de– the same
de–e? until : Biz gi? agºama de–e? oturdyk = We sat until late in the evening
de–emek 1. to check (against, with) 2. to try on
de–eºdirmek to check (against, with)
de–iz ocean, sea
de–iz?i sailor
de–lemek to make even, to even out
de–lik equality
de–sizlik inequality
depder notebook
depder?e little book
depe 1. top 2. hill, knoll 3. can be used as a preposition : DepŠmizden samolØot u?up ge?di = A plane flew by above us
depelemek to trample
depgilemek to trample
depgip pace
depjemek to stitch
depmek to kick
deprek drum
deprenmek to get a kick out of, be taken with
deputat r. deputy
der sweat
dere valley
deregine instead of : Ol šz kitaby– derigine daºga birini– kitabyny aldy = He took a different book instead of his own
dereje degree, extent
derek I. information II. in place of III. bot. poplar
derekli informative
dereksiz 1. uninformative 2. unmotivated
deri skin, leather
derkar necessary
derlemek to sweat
derman medicine
dermanhana drugstore
dermanlamak to spinkle, spray
der–ew examination, analysis
der–ew?i examiner
derrew at once, right now : Muny derrew etmeli = This needs to be done at once
ders I. lesson II. manure
dert ill
derwaØys vital, urgent, important
derweze gate
derØa river
desga structure
desse bunch, clump : gŸl desse?i = a bouquet of flowers
dessine just as, as soon as
dessur tradition, custom
deºik 1. hole 2. full of holes : deºik halta = sack with many holes 3. gap
deºirmek to check against, with
deºmek to make a hole, puncture
dŠde uncle, father (Balkan dialect)
dŠl not
dŠli crazy: dŠli bolmak = to go crazy
dŠliremek to go crazy
dŠne 1. seed, pit; grain, kernel 2. bunch, group
dŠnmek 1. to deny 2. to retract (ie. one's words)
dŠp tradition
dŠp-dessur tradition
dialekt r. dialect
didar face: Men seni– didary–a zar Å I miss you
didivan gun-sight, gun-scope
digden eklemek to tremble
digir grain
diglemek to shudder
dik steep; perpendicular
dikdټdi obstinate
dikelmek 1. to straighten oneself; raise oneself
dikeltmek 1. to straighten, to set straight
dikmek to dig in
diktant r. dictation
diktatura r. dictatorship
diktor r. radio-announcer
dil 1. toungue 2. language 3. pointer, indicator (ie. on a gauge)
dilden orally
dildŸwºŸk plot, conspiracy
dileg prayer
dilemek 1. to ask 2. to wish 3. to pray
dilewar 1. witty 2. wit
dilik etmek to slit
dilik n. slit; slice; cut
dilim slice; segment
dillenmek to say something
dilleºmek to make said; to come to the point
dilmek to cut; slice
din religion
dindar religious; faithful
dini religious
di– emphatic preposition: Ol di– arkan Øykyldy = He fell flat (directly) on his back
di– salmak to overhear; to hear about
di–e only
di–ir genmek to ponder, meditate on
di–lemek to listen
di–leØji listener; audience
di–leØmek 1. to listen 2. to overhear
di–mek to become calm; grow quiet; cease
di–ºirgemek to listen to
diplom r. diploma
diplomatic r. diplomatic
direg strut, brace, prop
direktor r. director
direlmek to come to life
diremek to prop up; brace
direnmek to be propped up; c=braced
diri alive
dirijØor r. conductor (of a band or orchestra)
diriligene alive
diriliº resurrection
dispanser r. clinic
dispet?er r. dispatcher
dissertatsiØa r. dissertation
diº tooth : Diº agyrysy = toothache
diºlemek 1. to bite 2. to have a bite, eat a little
diversiØa r. sabotage
divisiØa r. division (military)
diwar wall
diØen Øaly almost
diØmek 1. to say: Mu–a nŠme diØØŠrler? = What's this called? 2. to mean, to signify; to imply
dizel r. diesel
dodak lip
doga from birth
doga okamak to pray
dogan brother
dogan-garyndaº relative
doganlyk brotherhood
doganoglan cousin
doglan gŸni birthday
dogluº birth
dogmak to rise (of the sun)
dogralmak to be straightened up
dograltmak to straighten up
dograma dograma, a dish made of stuffing, onions, and sheep's head , sometimes made into soup
dogramak to cut to pieces
dogru?yl honest, sincere
dogru?yllyk sincerity
dogruda concerning
dogrudan true, really
dogrulamak to direct, aim at
dogrusy in truth, truly
dogry 1. true 2. exact 3. straight 4. righteous, upright
dogulmak to be born
dogumly determined
dogurmak to give birth
dok full, satisfied
dokalmak to be woven
dokamak to weave
dok?ulyk prosperity
doklad r. report
dokluk satisfaction
dokma weaving, carpet-making : dokma fabrigi = carpet factory
doktor r. doctor
dokument r. document
dokuz nine
dokuzynjy ninth
doky Belugian
dolag wrapper
dolak leg-wrappings
dolama ground meat wrapped in cabbage
dolamak 1. to wrap, bind 2. to turn, double back
dolandyrmak to manage, control
dolandyrys management
dolanmak to come back
doldurgy? gram. object : gšni baglanØan doldurgy? = direct object : gytaklaØyn baglanØan doldurgy? = indirect object
doldurmak to fill
dolmak to be filled
doly I. hail II. [o:] full(y), filled; thick; complete
domma quiet, reserved
don robe (traditional Turkmen)
do– frozen
do–aklyk freeze, frost
do–an rigid, frozen
do–durma ice-cream
do–durmak to freeze
do–mak to be frozen
do–uz pig
dor bay (color of a horse)
dos used in superlatives: dos-doly = completely full
dost friend, friendly (male or neuter)
dost-Øar friends
dostlaºmak to become friends
dostluk friendship
dotsent r. doccent
dowam etmek to continue
dowamynda during
dowan length, course (of time)
dowanly lengthy
dowar livestock (specifically: sheeps, goats, and small cattle)
dowul panic
dowzah hell
doØa until satisfied : Men doØa iØdim = I ate until I was full
doØmak to eat one's fill, stuff oneself: Men doØdym = I'm full, I've stuffed myself
doØurmak to fill (an animal) with food
dškmek 1. to spill 2. to leak
dškŸlmek 1. to be poured out 2. to drop : Aga?lary– Øapaklary dškŸlØŠr = Leaves fall from the trees
dškŸn manure, nightsoil
dškŸnlemek to fertilize
dšmmek to tear off a piece
dšndermek to flip over
dšnmek 1. to be flipped over 2. to switch over, turn : Bu gŸn howa gyºa dšndi = Today the weather turned wintry
dšnŸk traitor, turn-coat
dšnŸklik treachery
dšrdŸnji fourth
dšrediji creator
dšredijilik creation
dšremek to arise, spring up
dšretme creation
dšretmek to create
dšretmek to start, create, found
dšrjemek to dig into
dšrmek to search, dig around for
dšrt four
dšrtlŸk a four, a "B" student
dšrŸºdirmek to turn over
dšs pile, heap
dšº breast
dšw I. set, match II. giant; demon
dšwek threshing : dšwek dšwmek = to thresh
dšwlet 1. government 2. richness, goodness
dšwmek to break
dšwrŸnde during
dšwŸk broken
dšwŸlgi? fragile
dšwŸlmek to break
dšwŸm piece, lump, portion
dšwŸr 1. epoch 2. period, time
dšwŸrdeº contemporary (said of a person)
dšwŸrleØin periodic
dšzmek to be uncaring
dšzŸmli hardy, staunch
dšzŸmsiz sympathetic, compassionate
drama r. drama
du?ar bolmak to be faced with
duk mixed up
dul 1. place of respect 2. widower
dul aØal widow
duldegºir near, neighborly : duldegºir bolup Øaºamak = to be a neighbor to, live near
duluk cheek
duman fog, mist, haze
dumanlamak to grow foggy
dumanly foggy, misty : dumanly daglar = misty mountains
dura-bara gradually, continually
duralga stop (as in bus or taxi stop)
durdugy?a gradually, continually
durlamak to clear, make still
durmak 1. to stand, be still 2. to be (used to express cost or fixed state) 3. used as a modal verb to express a state of being or continual action: Ol gŸlŸp durØar = She's smiling, she's been smiling
durmuº life, existence
durmuºa ?ykan married (of a girl)
durmuºa ?ykmak to marry (of a girl)
durna crane (bird)
durnukly solid, stable
durnuklylyk stability
durºuna entirely
duruzmak to make a stop, to stop
dury pure
duº bolmak to be faced with something
duº gelmek to meet, come to
duº I. [u:] close to : Ol duºuna bardy = He went closer II. r. shower
duºak fetters
duºenbe Monday
duºly closely
duºmak to meet, encounter
duºman enemy
duºman?ylyk animosity
duºuºmak to meet, encounter
duºuºyk meeting, encounter
dutar dutar, a traditional Turkmen instrument which is two-stringed, looks somewhat like a mandolin and has a twangy sound
duw superlative affiz: duw-ak = the whitest, completely white
duØdansyz sudden, reflexive
duØdurmak 1. to warn 2. to portend 3. to inform
duØduryº warning
duØgudaº sympathetic
duØgudaºlyk sympathy
duØgur impressionable, perceptive, sensual
duØgy sense, feeling
duØmak to feel
duz salt
duzak snare
duzlamak to salt
duzly salty : duzsuz bolsa atarsy–, duzly bolsa nŠdersi–! = If it's not salty, you can add salt; if it's salty, there's nothing you can do!
dŸkan shop, store; stall
dŸkŸrdemek 1. to stomp 2. to make an indistinct noise
dŸkŸrdetmek to stomp
dŸme dry-farming
dŸmew 1. virus, common cold 2. flu
dŸmewlemek to have a cold
dŸnderilmek to turn upside-down, flip-flop
dŸndermek to turn over, flip
dŸnØewi secular, worldly
dŸnØŠ inmek to be born
dŸnØŠ world, globe
dŸnØŠden štmek to die
dŸ––Ÿrdemek to jingle
dŸr pearl
dŸrbi binoculars
dŸrli diverse, different
dŸrli-dŸrli different, various
dŸrs correct
dŸrs jogap bermek to answer correctly
dŸrsemek used in the construction: šzŸ–i dŸrsemek = to get well
dŸrtgŸ? stamp for bread
dŸrtme gŸrsak blunt
dŸrtmek to poke, prod
dټbi clever
dŸºbŸlik cleverness
dټek 1. bed, bedding 2. cushion, mattress
dټek?e mattress
dټelge stopping place, camp
dټemek 1. to spread out 2. to pave
dŸºewŸnt profit
dŸºewŸntli profitable
dټlemek to make a stop
dټmek 1. to descend, dismount, come down (from) 2. to fall 3. to come into, upon 4. used figuratively like the English "to fall": howsala dټmek = to fall into a panic
dŸºnŸkli clear, understandable
dŸºnŸksiz unclear, not understandable
dŸºŸm gram. case : TŸrkmendilinde alty dŸºŸm bar = The Turkmen language has six cases
dŸºŸndiriº explanation
dŸºŸndiriºli explanatory
dŸºŸndirmek to explain
dŸºŸniºmek to understand each other
dŸºŸnje 1. notion 2. explanation
dŸºŸnjeli knowledgable
dŸºŸnmek I. to understand II. to swim
dŸºŸrmek to help off, to set down
dŸwme jangles, little bells
dŸwmek to knot
dŸwŸlmek to be knotted
dŸwŸn?ek little knot
dŸwŸnmek to choke on
dŸwŸrtik pimple, blackhead
dŸØbŸnden absolutely
dŸØe camel
dŸØeguº ostrich
dŸØn yesterday
dŸØnki yesterday's
dŸØp 1. bottom 2. base 3. root 4. bush 5. essence
dŸØpgšter forever, once and for all
dŸØpleØin forever, once and for all
dŸØpli essential, fundamental
dŸØrlemek to roll up
dŸØº dream
dŸØº gšrmek to have a dream
dŸØºŸrgemek to dream
dŸØt soot
dŸz etmek to repair, mend
dŸz I. 1. plains, flatlands 2. flat, smooth II. 1. straight 2. right
dŸzediº ammendment
dŸzelmek to be rectified
dŸzetmek to set straight, to rectify
dŸzgŸn rule, order
dŸzgŸn-nyzam order, discipline
dŸzgŸn-tertip order, discipline
dŸzgŸnleºdirmek to set in order
dŸzgŸnnama position, ordering
dŸzlŸk plains, flatlands
dŸzme composition, essay
dŸzmek 1. to string, to thread 2. to gather 3. to compose
dŸzŸji compiler, composer
dŸzŸm composition, make-up
dŸzŸwli composed, orderly, well
dwigatel r. engine, motor
dØadØa r. uncle
dyglamak to shudder
dykgat attention
dykmak to stuff; to jam in
dyknyºmak to be pushed in
dyknyºyk jam; crush; crowding
dyky cork; stopper
dykylmak 1. to put in 2. fig. to nose around in, to butt into
dykyz packed, dense
dykyzlanmak to get packed
dym superlative affiz
dymjykmak to spoil, go bad
dymmak to be quiet, to shut up
dymºyk silence
dymyk humid
dyn? 1. rest; relaxation 2. peace; stillness
dyn? almak to take a rest, vacation
dyndarmak to get out of; to escape
dyngy pause
dyngysyz without a break, non-stop
dynmak 1. to finish 2. to get out of
dynman without a break, non-stop
dyr-pytrak bolmak to be parted; separated
dyrjaºmak to try, attempt
dyrmak rake
dyrmaºmak to climb
dyrmyk rake
dyrna?ak scratch; abrasion
dyrna?aklamak to scratch
dyrnak 1. nail (of a finger or toe) 2. claw
dyz knee
dyzamak to be bursting, straining
dyzma? frisky, hot to trot
E
ebedi eternal
ebedileºdirmek to immortalize
ebedilik 1. eternity 2. eternal
ebeteØ approach
edara etmek to manage
edara office; institution
edebi literary
edebiØat literature
edebiØat?y man of letters
eden-etdilik arbitrariness; despotism; tyrrany
edenli business-like; expert
edep breeding; politeness
edepli well-bred, polite
edeplilik politeness
edepsiz uncultured; impolite
edepsizlik impoliteness; unculturedness
edermen brave
edermenlik valour
edŠhet manner
edil I. as such II.exact, exactly
edilen made of
edilmek to be made of
edip bilmek to be able to do
edren? ugly
effekt r. effect
efiop r. Ethiopian
egelenmek to surround
eger (de) if
egin shoulder
egin-eºik clothes
eginbaº clothing
egindeº 1. person of same age 2. brother -in- arms
egirmek to spin
egismek to reduce; to diminish
eglemek to delay; detain; hold up
eglenmek to be delayed; detained
egliºik concession
egmek 1. to bend; stoop; bow 2. to curve; fold
egrelmek to be bent; folded
egri bent; crooked
egriji spinner
egrilik curvature
egsilmez innumerable
ejap shame
eje mother
ejelik motherhood
ejir martyr
ejiz feeble, weak, small boned
ejizlemek to tire; become enervated
ekabyr 1. senior; older; higher 2. powerful; mighty; intense
ekdi tame
eken really (emphatic word) Bu nahar šrŠn sŸØji eken=this food is really tasty
ekeni eken
ekeran?ylyk agriculture; farming
ekin crop
ekipazh r. crew
ekiº sowing
ekiz twin
eklemek to contain, hold, look for, maintain
eklen? means
eklenmek to earn
ekleØji breadwinner
ekmek to plant
ekplutasiØa r. exploitation
ekran r. screen
ekskawator r. excavator
ekspedisiØa r. expedition, dispatch office
eksperiment r. experimental
ekspertizia r. expertise, opinion
eksplutatirlemek r. to exploit
eksponat r. exhibition
eksponirlemek r. to exhibit, expose
eksport r. export
eksportirlemek r. to export
ekzamen r. examination
ekzemplØar r. to copy, specimen
el ?arpmak to applaud, clap
el hand
elbetde of course
eldek tame (same as ekdi)
ele almak to know deeply
elek sieve
elek-?elek gšzŸni elek ?elek etmek = to stare at
elektrifikasiØa r. electrification
elektrifisirlemek to electrify
elektrik r. electrik
elektrostansiØa r. power station
elemek to sift
element r. element
elementar r. elementary
eleºan torn, tattered
elgarama dependent
elhen? 1. terrible, frightful, dreadful 2. powerful, very strong
elim glue
elin self, own
elipbiØ alphabet
eljiremek 1. to mince, be prim 2. t loll, lounge
ellemek to handle
ellemek to touch, handle
elleºmek to shake hands
elli fifty
ellik glove
elmydam always
elmydama always
eltmek to deliver, hand, bring
elujundan etmek to do
elØaglyk handkerchief
elØeter inaccessible, out of reach
em medicine
emaØ bilen with caution, with care
emblema r. emblem
emdirmek to feed, nurse
emedeklemek to crawl
emeli artificial, false
emelsiz awkward, unskilled
emelsizlik awkwardness
emenmek to covet
emgek 1. illness, sickness 2. torment, agony, pain
emgemek to take pains, to make an effort
emgenmek to toil, work hard, exert oneself
emjek 1. breast, bosom 2. udder
emlŠk property, belongings
emma but
emmek to suck
emzik dummy, doll
enaØy good, favorable
en?eme many, a lot
endam body
endigan uniform, equal
endiganlamak to level, straighten, clip
endik habit
endiremek to tremble, shake, quiver
ene dili mothertongue
ene grandmother
ene-atalar parents
enegiØa r. energy
eneke nana
enjam equipment
enjamlaºdyrmak to equip, outfit
ensiklopediØa r. encyclopedia
entegem still, yet
entek still, yet, as yet
entemek 1. to wander 2. to roam
entŠk still, yet
entreklemek 1. to wander 2. to roam
entuziazm r. enthusiasm
e–aºak lowering, descent, slope
e–ek chin
e–mek to rush, hurry, be directed
e––it slope, pitch
e–remek to cry, weep
e–termek 1. to pour out 2. to fell 3. to fall in 4. to chase
epeØ 1. respectable 2. high flown, bombastic
epigraf r. epigraph
epilmek 1. to wrinkle 2. to curve, bend, bow
epin pleat, fold, crease, wrinkle
epizod r. episode
eplemek to fold
eplenmek to fold, bend, curve (on one's own)
epmek to bend, curve, fold
era r. era
erbet bad
erbetlemek to deteriorate, turn for the worse
erbetleºmek to deteriorate
erbetlik badness
eremek to melt, thaw
ergin solution
erik apricot
erjel persistent
erjellik persistence, perseverance
erk free
erkana free, unrestricted, easy
erkek 1. man 2. male camel
erkin 1. free 2. freely, unrestrictedly
erkinlik freedom
ermeni r. Armanian
er–ek edge, rim
ersmek 1. to build firmly, solidly 2. to be firm, solid
erteki fairy tale, story
ertir 1. morning 2. tomorrow
ertirlik breakfast
ertirlik nahar breakfast (morning meal)
esas base, basis, foundation
esasan basically, with basis
esasanlamak to be founded on,based on
esaslsandyrmak to found
esassyz unfounded, without basis
esasy basic
esbap 1. tool, instrument 2. grant, relief, dole, benefit
eser written work, composition, thesis, writing
eserde– sensitive, vigilant
eserde–lik keenness
esetmek 1. to look at, examine, inspect 2. to nurse, care for, look after
esger soldier
esgerlik position, location
esgi rag
eskalator r. escalator
eskiz r. sketch
esli considerable, large
essalawmaleØkim formal greeting
esse time (x)
estafeta r. relay race
estetik r. aesthetic
estetika r. aesthetics
estrada r. stage, platform
eºek donkey
eºik clothes
eºikler clothes
eºitmek to hear
eºret well-being, prosperity
eºretli blessed
et meat
etazh r. floor, story of building
etek lap, skirt
etli of meat, meaty
etli-ganly full-blooded
etmek to do, to make, to produce
etmiº offense
etrap geographical region
etØud r. etude
eØ-waØ oh!
eØ-wŠk ouch!
eØe bolmak to own
eØe owner
eØe?ilik ownership
eØelemek 1. to capture 2. to conquer 3. to gain, occupy, employ
eØelik etmek to keep house
eØer saddle
eØerlemek to saddle
eØermek 1. to follow, ensue 2. to be led 3. to imitate, copy
eØgermek to inquire about, ask
eØgilik well-being, prosperity, happiness
eØikmek to grow stronger
eØjelik pretty
eØle like that, as such
eØleki different, others, the others
eØlemek 1. to tan 2. to knead
eØmen? older, senior
eØmenmek to fear, be afraid
eØwan veranda
eØØam I. already II. era
ezenek lazy
ezilmek 1. to get wet 2. to moisten 3. to be oppressed
eziz dear
ezmek 1. to wet, moisten, soak 2. to opress
ezØet martyr
€
Š ah! I see!
Šbermek to give, serve, render, get ready
Šdik boot
Šdik?i shoemaker
Šdim footstep
Šdimlemek to step, march
ŠgŠ: Šga bolmak to be carefu;
Šgirt 1.huge 2.very
Šhe– tone
Šhey yo, hi (greeting)
ŠhŠ ah!, I see!
Šhlepus dunce, know-nothing
Šhli all, the whole, full
Šhlihalk nationwide
Šhlumumy universal, general
ŠhmiØet meaning, significance, importance
ŠhmiØetli significant, considerable
Šht vow, pledge, promise
Šhtibar 1. reliable, dependable 2. authentic
Šhtimal possibly
ŠhtiØalanlyk treachery, perfidy
Škitmek to carry, take away
Šklemek to bring, deliver
Šlem world
Šlem-jahan universe, world
Šlemgoºar rainbow
Š– lower jaw
Š–etmek 1. to look at 2. to look over
Špet mighty, powerful, huge
Špiºge window
Šr husband
Šr-aØal married couple
Šsgermek to consider, regard
Šsgermez?ilik neglect, disdain
Šsgermezlik neglect, disdain
ŠºgŠr open, obvious, evident
ŠºgŠrlik openness, obviousness
Štiºgir railroad pliers, tongs
ŠtiØa? caution, heed
ŠtiØa?ly cautious, careful
Štlemek 1. to step 2. to cross, transgress
Štmek to step
Šwmek to feel, react, respond to
Šwmezlik slowness, tardiness (?)
ŠwŸl-sŠwŸl by chance (?)
ŠØnek glasses, spectacles
F
fabrik factory
fakt r. fact
fakultØet r. faculty
familiØa r. surname
faner r. plywood, veneer
fantastika r. fantastic, imaginary
fantaziØa r. imagination; fantasy
farfor r. china; porcelin
fartuk r. apron
fason r. style
federasiØa r. federation
federatiw r. federative; federal
fehtowaniØe r. fencing
feldsher r. medical assistant
felØeton r. feuilleton
ferma r. farm
festiwal r. festival
fewral r. February
feØerwerk r. firework
filarmoniØa r. philharmonic
film r. film
filologik r. philologic
filologiØa r. philology
filosofik r. philosophic
filosofiØa r. philosophy
fin r. Finn
final r. final; finale
firma r. firm
fizika r. physics
fiziki r. physicist
flot r. fleet
fond r. fund
fonetik r. phonetic
fonetika r. phonetics
fontan r. fountain
forma r. uniform
formal r. formal
format r. size; form
formula r. formula
formulirlemek r. to formulate
formulirowka r. formulation
forografilemek r. to photograph
forto?ka r. window leaf
forum r. forum
fotoapparat r. camera
fotografiØa r. photograph
foØe r. foyer; lobby
fraseologik r. phraseologic
fraseologiØa r. phraseology
front r. front
fundament r. foundation; basis
funksiØa r. function
futbol r. football
futbol?y r. football player
G
gaba cumbersome, unweildy
gabahat?ylyk entrapment, vicious scheme
gabak eyelid
gabamak to encircle
gabanja– jealous
gabanmak to be jealous of
gabara dimension, size
gabar?yk callous
gabarmak to callous
gabat against : JaØlar bir-birine gabat salnypdyr = The houses were built against each other
gabat gelmek to coincide
gabatlamak to intercept
gabaw siege, encirclement
gabsa shutter
gabyk bark, shell
ga?a durmak to avoid, keep at a distance : Men ony ga?a durØaryn = I'm avoiding her
ga?alak etmek to hide from, to avoid
ga?alaklamak to hide from, avoid
ga?alga avoidance
ga?gak fugitive, refugee
ga?gakmak 1. to avoid 2. to fall, be lost : Meni– ukym ga?ypdyr = My hopes were vanishing
ga?mak 1. to flee, retreat 2.to drop (on its own)
ga?y dike
ga?yrmak 1. to drop, let fall 2. to let loose : ol towºany ga?yrdy = He let loose the rabbit
gadagan forbidden, prohibited
gadam step, movement
gadym ancient
gadymy antiquity
gadyr fondness
gadyrly dear one
gadyrsyz unloved
gagal stupid, foolish
gagºamak to tremble
gagyldamak to cackle, croak
gagyrmak to spit
gagyrynmak to spit out
gahar gelmek to get angry
gahar getirmek to anger
gahar rage, fury
gahar-gazap rage, fury
gaharjan furious, angry
gaharjandyrmak to make angry
gaharly furious, mean-spirited
gahryman hero (fearless person)
gahryman?ylyk heroism
gahrymanlar?a heroic
gakylyk phlegm, phlegmy
gala fortress
galadaw indefatiguable, energetic
galagoply disturbing
galak left-over, left-behind : galak okuw?y = a pupil who isn't making progress
galak-gal?ak leftovers, clippings
galaktika r. galactic
galam 1. pencil 2. spoon (Yomud)
galamdan pencil-case
galapyn most of the time : Galapyn sen gije galyp gelØŠrsi– = You come late most of the time
galat untruthful : Siz galat aØdØarsy–yz! = You're lying!
galaØy tin
galaØylamak to solder
galdyramak to tremble
galdyrnak 1. to raise : Eli–i galdyry–! = Raise your hand! 2. [a:] to leave (something) : Kataplary–izi šØde galdyry– = Leave your books at home
galgamak to flutter
galkynys revival
galla grain, bread
galmagal noise, racket
galmagally noisy
galmak 1. to raise, be lifted 2. [a:] to stay, remain 3. [a:] used to form modal verbs, keep Éing : Ol Øatyr galdy = He kept (remained) sleeping
gal–amak to thicken, become dense : Gar kem-kemden gal–aØar = The snow gradually thickened
galoº r. galoshes
galp fake, counterfeit
galpak a baby's first hair : galpak toØy = a party celebrating a child's first haircut
galplaºdyrmak to falsify
galpyldy tremors
galstuk r. necktie
galtak wheelbarrow
galtaman bandit
galtaºdyrmak to be right against : ºkafy divara galtaºdyryp goØdyk = We put the wardrobe against the wall
galtga float
galyberse-de and with that...
galyn bride price
galyndy remaining, remainder: On iki dšrde galyndysyz bšlŸnØŠr = Twelve goes into four without a remainder
galy– thick
galy–lyk thickness
gam cekmek to mourn
gamak a kind of plant
gamaºmak 1. to be dazed, overwhelmed 2. to be disgusted
gamaºyk hazy, cloudy, dull
gam?y whip
gam?ylamak to whip
gamgyn sad
gamlaºdyrmak to pack, stuff
gamly sad
gamyº reed : Gamyºy gowºak tutsa–, elinni gyØar = Hold the reed lightly, it might cut your hand
gan blood
gana plenty : Gana syw i?! = Drink plenty of water!
ganagy? adj. bleeding
ganar sack (for cut straw, etc.)
ganat wing
ganatlandyrmak to inspire (lit. to add wings)
ganaw ditch
gandym a kind of plant
gandyrmak to fill, satisfy, slake, relieve
ganhor murderer, monstrous person
ganjarmak to bleed
ganjyga saddle straps
ganjyk bitch
ganly bloody
ganmak to fill (something with a liquid)
gansyz bloodless
gant sugar
gantly sugary
ganybir one blooded : Ol meni– ganybir doganym = He's my blood brother.
ganymat not bad
ganymatlaºmak to get better
ga––a mule saddle
ga–rak hook
ga–rylamak to bend, make hooked
ga–ºyrawuk anat. nasopharynx
ga–yr?ak hook (for clothing)
ga–yrmak to bend
gap 1. box, package 2. vessel : naxar iØilØŠn gap = kitchenware 3. grammatical intesifier: gap-gara–ky = really dark
gapak cover
gapan 1. trap 2. scale (for weighing)
gapdal side : Gapy jaØy– demirgazyk gapdalyda = The door is on the house's north side
gapdalky adj. side : gapdalky gapy = side door
gapga? dishes, utensils
gapgarmak to fill
gapjamak to clamp
gapjawa? clamp
gaplamak to cover, bury
gapla– tiger
gapma-garºy contradictory : Ol ma–a gapma-garºy dyrdy = He contradicted me
gapmak to catch
gapy door
gapyl ignorant, ill-informed
gapyrga rib
gapyrjak box
gar snow
gara black
gara-šrt bolmak to char
garabasma nightmare
gara?orba Turkmen meat soup
garagol disorderly
garaguº epilepsy
garahassalyk typhys
garaj r. garage
garak eye : NŠme, seni– garagy– Øokmy? = What, you don't have eyes to see?
garak?y bandit : de–iz gara?ylary = pirates
garakšl baby sheep's pelt (used to make Turkmen telpeks)
garalama draft, rough copy
garalamak 1. to blacken : Ol gaºy–y garalaØar = She's darkening her eyebrows 2. to dye 3. to shame, sully
garalaw?y public prosecutor, investigating magistrate
garalmak 1. to become dark 2. to burn : DŸn men gŸne gataldym = I got a sunburn yesterday 3. to consider
garaltmak to make black
garaly plum, plum tree : garaly mŸrepbesi = plum jam
garalyºmak to wait for someone
garamak 1. v. to overlook 2. v. to consider 3. n. direction, auspices
garamandalak thistle
garamat responsibility
garamaØak common people (???)
garamazdan despite
garamyk 1. chicken pox 2. a kind of plant
garanjaklamak to look around
garantja scarecrow
gara–ky 1. dark, unlit 2. darkness : Gara–kydan gorkØary–my? = Are you afraid of the dark?
gara–kylyk darkness
gara–kyramak to darken
garasšØmez reserved, unsociable
garasuw glaucoma
garaºdyrmak to make someone wait awhile
garaºly bolmak to depend on
garaºly dependent
garaºlylyk dependence
garaºmak to wait
garaºsyz independent
garaºsyzlyk independence: syØasy we ykdysady garaºsyzlyk = political and economic independence
garaºyk attention, notice
garawul durmak to stand guard
garawul guard
garaØag tar
garaØagyz dark complexioned
garaØyº 1. attitude, opinion 2. look, glance
garaz in general, to put it shortly : Garaz sen razy dŠl-dŠ = To put it shortyly, you don't agree
garbak-gurbak etmek to bite, eat some
garbamak to suffice
garbanmak to bite, eat some
gar?ygaØ fellow
gardaº brother
garderob r. wardrobe
garga crow, raven
gargy reed, rush
gargyº damnation
garjaºmak to get mixed up, confused
garjaºyk hoarse
gark bilmak to drown
garlawa? swallow (bird)
garly snowy
garma-gŸrmelik chaos, confusion
garmak to mix with, shuffle
garmon r. accordian
garnizon r. garrison
garnuw dash, pinch (in cooking)
garnym ditch
garpyºmak to be coupled with, to clamp on to
garpyz watermelon : Ker? garpuz iØ! = Eat a piece of watermelon!
garramak to age
garraºmak to get a little older
garratmak to make old : Agyr zŠhmet ony garradyrdyr = Hard work aged him
garry 1. old, aged 2. old person
garrygyz Old Girl (a variety of melon)
garrylyk age, old age
garsamak to put
garsylyk obstacle
garºy 1. against, adjoining 2. to meet, greet : Olary– garºysyndan babam ?ykdy = My grandfather went to meet them 3. constantly : Ol okuwa garºy gijŠ galyp gelmek = He always comes late to study
garºy cykmak to disagree, object
garºydaº adversary
garºyldamak to greet, meet
garºylyk gšrkezme protest
garºylyk gšrkezmek to protest
garºylyk obstacle, opposition
garta– grown : Bu telpek seni garta– gšrkezØŠr = This hat makes you look older
gartaºmak to grow old
garym-gatym disorderly
garyn stomach : Meni– garynym a? = I'm hungry
garyndaº relative
garyndaºsyramak to be related
garyndy dash, pinch (in cooking)
garynja ant
garyp poor : garyp adam = poor person
garyplyk poverty
garyº a unit of measurement equal to the width of a hand from the outside of the thumb to the outside of the little finger
garyºdyrmak to mix, mix in
garyºmak to be mixed
garyºyk mixed
gassap butcher
gastrol r. tour (artistic)
gastronom r. gourmet
gasyk groin, pubis
gasyn wrinkle
gaº 1 1. eyebrow 2. before : gaºynda durmak = to stand before
gaº 2 encrustations, inlayed stones
gaºamak to scratch
gaºba-gaº face to face (lit. brow to brow)
gaºlamak to inlay, encrust
gat layer, floor : iki gat jaØ = two-story house
gatakar rapids
gatalkmak to raise, strengthen : Ol sesi–i galtalkmali = He should raise his voice
gatamak 1. to harden 2. to grow stale
gatan? share, portion
gatbar-gatbar many-floored
gatla dam, dike
gatlak layer
gatlakly layered
gatlamak to deposit, add a layer
gatmak 1. to add 2. to mix
gatnamak to be going (on a regular basis)
gatnaºmak to participate in, attend : Men lektsiØalara gatnaºdym = I attended the lectures
gatnaºyjy participant
gatnaºyk relation: dostlukly gatnaºyk = friendly relations
gatnaw 1. movement, traffic : HŠzir ºaheri– kš?elerinde gatnaw uly = There's a lot of movent on the streets today 2. communication, route
gatnawy route
gaty I. 1. hard, strong 2. stale : gaty ?šrek = stale bread 3. loud II. 1. very, extremely, a lot : Ol gaty gordy = He was very afraid 2. well-done : gaty biºirilen Øumurtga = hard-boiled egg
gatyk soft milk product like yoghurt
gatylyk hardness
gatyr mule
gatyrganmak to anger
gatyºyk various
gawun melon
gaØ storm
gaØa crag, cliff
gaØamak to embroider
gaØcy scissors
gaØ?ylamak to cut with scissors
gaØduwsyz intrepid, fearless
gaØdym derejesi gram. passive voice
gaØdyp forward, beyond
gaØdyºyn return, way back : GaØdyºyn size degip ge?epin = I'll stop by on the way back
gaØgy etmek to worry
gaØgy worry, sadness
gaØgyly sad, worrisome
gaØgyrmak to pity, feel sorry for
gaØky strutting, with one's chest puffed out
gaØma embroidery
gaØmak 1. cream 2. [a:] to soar
gaØmakly creamy
gaØmalamak 1. to sew 2. [a:] to whirl, spin around : ‚agajik enesini– daºynda gaØmalap Øšrdi = The child whirled around its mother
gaØmalaºmak [a:] to hurry about, bustle, make a fuss
gaØnag boiled : Men di–e gaØnag suw i?meli = I must drink only boiled water
gaØnamak to boil
gaØnatmak to boil (something) : Sen suw gaØnatØa–my? = Are you boiling water?
gaØra north-east
gaØragolulmasyz urgent
gaØralmak 1. to worsen 2. to move backward
gaØramak to hone, sharpen
gaØrat strength, hutzpah
gaØratlanmak to buck up, get gutsy
gaØry different
gaغarmak to sag, cave in
gaغartmak to bend, bend back, indent
gaØta 1. time(s) : Kitaby birnŠ?e gaØta okadym = I read the book a few times 2. just the opposite : Ùagyº di–mŠn, gaØta gŸØ?lenØŠrdi = The snow didn't slacken – just the opposite – it got stronger
gaØtalanmak to be repeated
gaØtalaºdyrmak to review, repeat several times : …Ø iºleri–izi gaØtalaºdyry– = Review your homework
gaØtalmak to repeat
gaØtandan anew, again : GaØtadan geli–! = Come again!
gaØtargy change (money)
gaØtarma 1. negative command or gerrund form of gaØtarmak 2. A young wife who returns to her family for a short time after a month of marriage
gaØtarmak to give back, return
gaØtawul rebuff, repulse : Duºmana gaØtawul berdik = We repulsed the enemy
gaØybana externally, by correspondence
gaØyk boat
gaØym firm, tough : gaØym aga? = solid wood
gaØyn in-law, in-laws : gaØyn ata = father-in-law
gaØyº leather
gaØzykmak to become weather-beaten, chapped
gaz gas
gaz [a:] goose
Gazak Kazahk
gazan big palow pan
gazan? earnings
gazan?a [a:] pot
gazan?ly profitable
gazanmak to earn
gazap anger
gazaplandyrmak to make angry
gazaplanmak to get angry
gazaply angry
gazet r. newspaper
gazganak pothole : Ùol durºuna gazganak = The road is full of potholes
gazly carbonated, gassy : gazly suw = carbonated water
gazmak to dig
gazyk peg
ge?elge passage
ge?ginli popular, sought-after
ge?i goat : Ge?i ØŸwrŸp, keØik bolmaz = A very fast goat won't be a gazelle : Ge?Š jan gaØgy, gassaba – Øag : The goat loves life, the butcher loves fat
ge?iriji conductor
ge?irimli merciful, charitable
ge?irmek 1. to conduct, run, control 2. to translate : Turkmendiline ge?iri–! = Translate to Turkmen! 3. to reschedule, set a new time
ge?is transition
ge?mek 1. to pass 2. to begin, start : TŠze tema ge?ØŠris = We're starting a new theme 3. to pardon, forgive 4. used as a helping verb like the English "through" : deºip ge?mek = to pierce through : okap ge?mek = to read through
ge?miº the past : yzak ge?miº = the distant past
gedam proud, arrogant
gedaØ 1. poor 2. beggar, poor person
gedaØlaºmak to impoverish
gedemlik arrogance
gegemoniØa r. hegemony
gektar r. hectacre
gele–sizlik carelessness
gelin 1. young girl 2. sister-in-law, bride
gelinalyjy wedding caravan
gelinbarmak grapes (specifically, Lady's Finger, a long a sweet variety of grape)
gelingyz young bride, girl
gelip ?ykmak to originate
gelip ?ykyº origin
geliºmek to go with, suit : Bu kšØnek sa–a geliºmeØŠr = That dress doesn't suit you
geljek future : Bagtly geljek hakynda arzuw etØŠrin = I wish for a happy future : geljek Øyl = next year
gelmek 1. to come, arrive 2. to bear, carry 3. sometimes used as a modal verb with the -yp/-ip gerrund form : alyp gelmek = to bring : u?up gelmek = to fly in 4. used to describe wants and desires : Ùatasym gelØŠr = I want to sleep : Ony– a?lasy– gelØŠr = She wants to cry
gelnalyjy wedding procession
gelneje bride
gelºik beauty
gelºikli beautiful
gelºiksiz disadvantageous, hideous : Bu gelºiksiz iº = This is thankless work
gelºiksizlik disadvantage
gelºin the opposite way
gemir?ek cartilidge
gemirmek to gnaw, nibble
gemiºek foreigner
gemrijiler rodents
general r. general (military)
genial r. brilliant, eminent
geniØ r. genius
ge– strange, surprising, weird
ge–eº advice
ge–eºmek to advise
ge–irgendirmek to surprise, startle
ge–irgenmek to be surprised, startled
ge–lemek to seem strange
geograf r. geographer
geografiØa r. geography
geologiØa r. geology
geometriØa r. geometry
gep talk, conversation, parlance : dogry gep = honest words, straight talk
gep-gŸrrŸ– conversation, talk
gep?i busy-body, gossip
geplemek to speak
geplemek to speak
geplemezlik silence
geplemºek talky, conversational
gepleºik 1. negotiations 2. spoken, negotiated
gepleºikler negotiation(s)
gepleºmek 1. to converse, talk
gepletmek to allow to speak : Ol meni gepletdi = He allowed me to speak
gerb emblem
gerbariØ r. barbarism
gerbli stamped, official
gerden shoulder(s)
geregi?e so much, as much as is needed
gerek necessary, needed : Sa–a nŠme gerek? = What do you need? (lit. What is needed to you?)
gereklemek to want
gerekli necessary, needed : Ùany– bilen i– gerekli zatlary–y aldy = He took the most necessary things
gereksiz unnecessary
gerim 1. in a big way, in a grand style 2. great strides
gerinmek to sip
geriº back, spine
gerk-gŠbe enough, a lot of
germek to put up, set up
germemek to obstruct
germew obstruction
gero r. hero
getirmek to fetch, bring : Bu sa–a zyØan getirjek = That will bring you harm
geØdirmek to dress (somebody) : Ol gyzy–a tŠze kšØnek geØdirdi = She put a new dress on her daughter
geØim clothes
geØim-eºik clothes
geØim-gejim clothes
geØindirmek to dress (somebody)
geØmek to dress (oneself)
geØnŸwli well-dressed
gezdirmek to take for a walk : Murat, iti gezdir! = Murat, take the dog for a walk!
gezegine in turns, by turns
gezek 1. time (as in "3 times") : GŸrrŸmisŸ–i indiki gezege goØarys = We're putting of talking until the next time 2. turn, move
gezek-gezigine in turns, by turns
gezekleºmek to alternate
gezelen? etmek to go for a walk, stroll
gezelen? stroll
gezemek to aim
gezende stroll
gezer jog, trot
gezim stroll
gezmek 1. to stroll 2. to wander : Kšp Øurtlary gezdik = We wandered around a lot of countries
gezmelemek to pass
gŠdik breach, fracture
gŠgirmek to belch, burp
gŠmi ship
gŠp scarecrow
gŠtmek to break off, chop off
gŠz dirt
gŠzlemek to get dirty
gibrid r. hybrid
gi? late : Ol sapagi–a gije geldi = He came late to class : Gi? Øagºy! = Good evening!
gi?ki late
gi?lemek to come late
gi?lik evening
gidiºin going, one way
gidiºin-gaØdyºyn round trip
gidiºini passing, incidental
giew son-in-law, brother-in-law
gigiena r. hygiene
gijara before sunset
gije night
gije-gŸndiz day and night
gijeki adj. night
giji itch
gijikdirmek to make too late, to delay
gijikmek to be late : Sen iºe gijikØŠri– = You're late to work
gikilewik annoyance, itch
gimn r. hymn
gimnastika r. gymnastics
gi– 1. wide, spacious 2. composed, easy-going (personality)
gi–elmek to be widened
gi–iº spacious, wide
gi–leme expansion
gi–lemek to expand
gi–lik 1. width, gauge 2. latitude (geographical)
gipdal whirlpool
gipdeji income, revenue
gipdenek tubby person, frump
gips r. plaster
girelge entrance
girew deposity, security deposit
giriº introduction
giriºmek to begin
giriºmek to embark upon
girizmek to let in, bring in
girmek to enter : Ol ºŠhere girØŠr = He's coming into town
gitar guitar : alty kiriºli gitar = six string guitar
gitdigi?e gradually, little by little
gitmek 1. to go 2. used as a modal verb : Øykypyp gitmek = to collapse (lit. to go falling)
gizlemek to be concealed, put away
gizlenmek to conceal, put away
gizlenpe?ek hide-and-seek
gizligin secret
gizlin secret, illegal, hidden
globys r. globe
gobsynmak to raise oneself, to stand up
go? 1. ram 2. ram-like (a compliment) : go? Øygit = a bold and daring young man
goduklamak to wobble, stagger
goh 1. noise 2. scandal
goja 1. old, ancient 2. an old man
gojalyk age
gojamak to age (said of men)
gojaman ancient
gol 1. hand, arm 2. signature 3. gulf
gol ?ekmek to sign (to pull arm)
golak handless, armless
golandirly Dutch person
golasty dependent, colonial
golaØ next, near, about : Ol iki aØa golaØ dien Øaly dyn? aldy : He rested about two months : Bizi– golaØymizdan kanal ge?ØŠr = A canal passes close to here.
golaØda 1. not far 2. not long ago
golaØlamak to approach
golaØlyk closeness
golaØynda at
gol?a earthenware pot, pitcher
gol?ur offshoot
goldamak to support, to aid
goldaw support, aid
gollamak to support
gollanmak to be guided, to follow : InstruktsiØany gollanmady–! = You didn't follow instructions!
golsuz 1. armless, handless 2. unsigned
goltuk armpit
golØazma manuscript
gom storm
gomparmak to put on airs, become full of oneself
gompy conceited, arrogant
gonam?ylyk graveyard
gon? trouser-leg
gondyrmak to land (a plane)
gonmak to land : Kepderi tama gondy = The dove landed on the roof
go–ak dandruff
go–ralmak to turn brown
go–ºy neighbor, neighboring
go–ºy-golan neighbor
go–ur brown
go–ursamak to smell strongly (like burning rubber)
goparmak to pull out, tear off
gopbamsy arrogant, conceited
gopgun noise, din, fracas
gopmak to fall out, fall off
gopuz mouth harp
gor ferment, leaven
gorag 1. protection 2. fence
gorag?y protector
goramak to protect, defend
goranmak to be protected
goraØyº protection
gor?itsa r. mustard
gorizontal r. horizontal
gorka timidity
gorkak shy, timid
gorkaklyk cowardice
gorkmak to be afraid
gorkuly 1. frightening, dangerous 2. frightened
gorkun? 1. frightening, dangerous 2. monster
gorkuzmak to scare
gorky fear, fright
gorp ditch
gorsamak to turn (a corner)
gorsanmak to be unsettled
gorºok r. pot, potty
gosgy poem, poetic
gospital r. hospital
goº things, property, belongings
goº-gola– property, belongings
goºa two, a pair
goºant contribution
goºar wrist
goºawu? handful
goºma compound
goºma?a 1. addition, appendage 2. appendix
goºmak to add, add on, append : goºmak almaty = addition sign, plus
goºtorba knapsack
goºulma suffix, ending
goºulyjy component
goºun army
goºun?ylyk military service
gotan pelican
gotaz tassel
gotur 1. pitted, pockmarked 2. mangy, scabby
gow snake scales
gowa waterskin
gowa?a cotton
gowak cave
gowga din, racket
gowgaly troubled, disturbed
gowlamak to make a bed
gowrak more than
gowºak weak
gowºamak to weaken
gowºatmak to make weak
gowºuramak to convey, deliver
gowulandyrmak to make better, improve
gowularmak to get better
gowulaºmak to make better
gowulyl goodness, good
gowurma preserved meat that was fried in fat- something like jerky or hard tack
gowurmak to fry
gowuºmak 1. to give 2. to reach, make it to : Olar Aºgabada gowuºdylar = They reached Ashgabat
gowuz not full
gowy good, well
gowy gšrmek to like, be fond of
gowylandyrmak to improve
gowylyk goodness
gowzalmak to decrease, get rid of
goØalamk to thicken
goØazy serious
goØbermek 1. to let go 2. used as a modal verb to signify reflexive or involuntary actions : Ol muny aØdyp goØberdi = He let this slip from his toungue by accident, He said this
goØbolsun etmek to repeal, abolish
goØŠ as if, as though
goØmak 1. to put 2. to put forward, submit 3. used as a modal verb signifying a completed action : alyp goØmak = to make a purchase : edip goØmak = to get (something) done
goØry dense, thick
goØulmak to be placed, given
goØulyk thickness, density
goØum deposit, investment
goØun sheep
goØy dense, thick
goza cotton boll
gozgala– 1. uprising 2. unease, disquiet : Ondan gozgala–a duºØŠrin = That makes me feel uneasy, that disturbs me
gozgala–?y rebel, mutineer
gozgamak to move (something)
gozganmak to move (oneself)
gšbek belly-button
gš? 1. move, turn (in chess or checkers) 2. nomadic camp
gš?gŸnli jumpy, excited
gš?me mobile, transitory
gš?mek to move, to go somewhere else : Gš?-aØ! = C'mon, move! (Heard often in buses)
gš?Ÿrmek 1. to move (something) 2. fig. to copy
gšdek rude
gšger?in wild dove
gšgermek 1. to grow, rise, come up 2. to become blue or green
gšjek clay ball (used for slingshots)
gšk 1. blue 2. green 3. sky : Gškde eke-je bulut Øok = There's not a single cloud in the sky
gšk šnŸm vegetable
gšl central design, symbol in a Turkmen carpet
gšle calf (young cow)
gšm-gšk bluest, completely blue
gšmelteØ directly, immediately
gšmmek to fill in
gšmŸk filled
gšn leather
gšnelmek to straighten out
gšnen?ilik pleasure
gšnenmek to get pleasure, benefit
gšni straight, direct
gšnŸbur?luk mat. right angle
gšnŸkdirmek to direct
gšnŸkme exercise (in a book)
gšnŸlmek 1, to go straight 2. to speak directly
gšnŸme directions
gšnŸmek to be directed
gšnŸmel straightforward
gšr grave, tomb
gšre? pupil (of the eye)
gšredeli model, example
gšreº wrestling
gšreºmek to fight, wrestle
gšrŠ 1. by comparison : Ol sa–a gšrŠ daØawrak = By comparison to you, he's healthy 2. by, according to : seni– aØtmagy–a gšrŠ = by your words, according to your words
gšrgi suffering, torture
gšrgŸli unfortunate person
gšrgŸlik torture : Bu nŠ gšrgŸlik! = What torture this is!
gšrip envious
gšrk beauty : Gšrk gšz bilen agyzda = Beauty is in the eyes and the mouth
gšrkana 1. nice 2. pretty, picturesque
gšrkezgi? indicator
gšrkeziji index, exponent
gšrkezmek to show
gšrksŸz not pretty
gšrme-gšrŸº visit
gšrmegoØ nice
gšrmek 1. to see (in various senses: to meet, to understand, to figure out) 2. as a modal verb, implying attempt or dare Men dadyr gšrdim = I tried (dared) to taste it, I tasted it
gšrnetin plain to see, obvious
gšrnŸkli visible, eminent, attractive
gšrnŸº 1. look, appearance 2. form, shape 3. kind, type 4. view, scene 5. gram. aspect
gšrŸbilmez?ilik jealousy
gšrŸnmek to appear, to seem
gšrŸº vision
gšrŸºmek to meet, greet
gštergimek 1. to raise above 2. to extol
gštermek to pick up
gštsbogma whooping cough
gšwher pearl
gšwna?yk open-hearted, artless
gšwnamek 1. to agree with, desire : Ol bizi– bilen gitmŠge gšbnŠnok = He doesn't want to go with us, He has not agreed to go with us
gšwnejaØ with spirit
gšwnetmek to persuade, talk into
gšwnŸne degilmek to be offended
gšwnŸne degmek to offend
gšwnŸne gotermek to cheer up
gšwre trunk, torso
gšwreli pregnant
gšwrŸm volume
gšwrŸmli voluminous, sizable
gšwºŸl dilapidated (used of clothing)
gšwŸn soul, spirit
gšwŸnje– desirous of, wanting to : Men gitmŠge gšwŸnje– dŠl = I don't want to go
gšwŸnly spirited : ki?i gšwŸnly = mean-spirited
gšwŸnsiz disinterested, not desirous
gšwŸs breast
gšØduk sickly, puny
gšz 1. eye 2. glance 3. vision 4. peephole
gšz š–Ÿnde tutmak to aim
gšz Øaº teardrop
gšz-gšrtele obvious, patent
gšz-gulak bolmak to watch over (lit, to be eyes and ears)
gšzbag?y hypnotizer
gšzbaº spring, source
gšzbaºy origin
gšzboØag?ylyk deception
gšzdandy blindman's bluff (game)
gšzeg care
gšzel pretty, nice
gšzellik beauty
gšzenek grating, lattice
gšzgyny pathetic, pitiable
gšzleg research
gšzlemek to search, search for
gšzØ as if
gšzØaº teardrop
gradus degree(s) (of temperature)
grafa r. graph
grafik r. draughtsman
grafim r. decanter
grajjdan r. citizen
gram r. gram
grammatik r. grammatical
grammatika r. grammar
granat r. grenade
grek hozy walnut
grek r. Greek
grim r. make-up
grip r. flu
gruppa r. gruppa
gruzin r. Georgian
gruzovik r. truck
gubur tomb
guda son-in-law or daughter-in-law's father or mother
gudrat miracle, marvel
guduz 1. mad, rabid 2. fig. mischeivous
gujak 1. embrace 2. armfull
gujaklamak to embrace
gujaklaºmak to embrace
gujur force, energy
gujurly energetic
gujursyz weak
gulak asmak to listen attentively
gulak ear(s)
gulak salmak to listen attentively
gulluk service
gulluk?y servant
gulmak to pour
gulp lock
gulpak corn silk
gulplamak to lock
gum 1. sand 2. desert
gum-gulluk not a soul
gumak sandy
gun?a bud (of a flower)
gundag swaddling clothes
gunduz otter
gunuºmak to whip up, inspire
gupba traditional Turkmen girl's headpiece, made of metal and worn over a skullcap
guradylan dried
guragyryly rheunatism
gurak arid
gural instrument, tool : saz gurallary = musical instruments
gurama organization
gurama?y organizer
guramak I. to organize II. [u:] to dry out
guranmak to be put together
gurat 1. corrected, improved 2. fattened (of sheep)
guratlyk improvement
gurbaga frog
gurban sacrifice : gurban baØram = festival of the sacrifice (major holiday whichcelebrates the covenant of Abraham)
gurbat ability
gurbatly able
gur?uk worm
gurgun healthy, well
gurjak doll, toy : Gyzjagazlar gurjak oØnaØarlar = The little girls play with dolls
gurjurly forceful
gurluº construction
gurluºlyk construction
gurluºyk?y carpenter
gurmak 1. to build, create 2. to set : gapgan gurmak = to set a trap
gurp ability
gurplanmak to become strong, able
gurply 1. strong, able 2. well-off
gursak breast
gurºaw hoop
gurºawmak to enclose, encircle
gurºun lead (metal)
gurt I. [u:] wolf II. [u:] worm, maggot III. ball of dried curds : Ol gurt bolup oturdy = He was curled up in a ball, huddled up
gurtlamak to become wormy
gurultaØ assembly, conference, convention, gathering
gurulyk dryness
gurum soot
guruºmak to get numb : Meni– aØaklarym gurºupdyr = My legs fell asleep
gury dry
gus-gury absolutely dry, the driest
gusmak to throw up, puke, vomit
gussa sorrow
guº bird
guºak belt : Ol guºagy–y da–dy = He fastened his belt
guºaklyk 1. waist 2. geog. belt
guºamak to tie with a belt
guº?ulyk poultry
gutap pastry, pie
gutarmak 1. to finish, to end 2. used as a modal verb to express completion : gazyp gutarmak = to finish digging, to dig out
gutarnykly final, last
gutaryº conclusion
gutlag congratulations
gutlamak to congratulate
gutly bolsun! Happy ... ! : TŠze Øul gutly bolsun! = Happy New Year!
gutulgysyz hopeless
gutulmak to recover
guty box
guwan? pride
guwanmak to be proud of
guØgu? funnel
guØma casting (metal)
guØmak to pour, pour in
guØruk tail
guØy well, shaft
guzaØ shady side
guzlamak to calve (used of cows, cats, sheeps, and some other animals)
guzla––y productive, fast-breeding
guzy lamb
gŸber?ek protruding, bulging, convex
gŸbermek to swell up, inflate
gŸbŸrdemek to thunder, roar
gŸe moth
gŸje–lemek to tantalize, tease
gŸjŸk puppy
gŸl 1. flower 2. rose 3. ornament 4. cataract 5. curl, flourish
gŸlaby a kind of melon
gŸldŸrmek to make laugh
gŸlŠlek red poppy
gŸlki laughter : Meni– gŸlkim tutØar = This makes me laugh
gŸlkŸli funny, humorous
gŸlkŸn? ridiculous, funny, humorous
gŸlle blooming
gŸllemek to bloom
gŸlmek to laugh
gŸlŸmjiremek to grin
gŸlŸºmek to laugh (of large groups)
gŸlØaka traditional Turkmen brooch inlayed with stones
gŸlzar flower bed
gŸm bol! Get out of here! Be gone!
gŸmana doubtful, uncertain, hardly possible : Olu– geljegi-gelmejegi gŸmana = It's uncertain if he'll come or not
gŸmmez cupola, dome
gŸmmŸrdemek to thunder, roar
gŸmpŸldi gunshot (sound of a)
gŸmrŸk import/export duty, customs
gŸmrŸkhana customs house
gŸmŸr-ØamŸr etmek to have a little chat
gŸmŸr-yamyr chit-chat
gŸmŸrtik unconsidered, sloppy : gŸmŸrtik jogap = thoughtless answer
gŸn 1. sun 2. day: gŸneºli gŸn = sunny day
gŸn tertibi agenda
gŸnasa every other day
gŸnaºa all day, in a day
gŸnbatar west
gŸndelik diary
gŸndiz daytime
gŸndizine daytime
gŸndizki daily, daylight
gŸndogar east, eastern
gŸne Øanmak to get sunburnt
gŸnebakar sunflower
gŸneº sunshine
gŸneºlemek to sunburn
gŸneºli sunny : GŸneºli TŸrkmenistana hoº geldi–iz! = Welcome to sunny Turkmenistan!
gŸnŠ fault, crime, sin : Onu– nŠme gŸnŠsi bar? = What has he done wrong?
gŸnŠkŠr guilty one
gŸnŠkŠrlemek to blame : Men ony hi? zat Ÿ?in gŸnŠkŠrlŠmok = I don't blame him for anything
gŸnŠli guilty
gŸnŠsiz blameless, innocent
gŸnin one day
gŸnorta south, southern
gŸnortan noon : Ol gŸnortan ?enli Øatdy = He slept until noon
gŸnortanlyk nahar dinner, lunch
gŸnsaØyn daily
gŸnŸ– dogmagy sunrise
gŸnŸ– Øaºmagy sunset
gŸnŸzin all day : Men gŸnŸzin iºlemok = I have not worked all day
gŸ– deaf
gŸplemek to boast
gŸpŸrdemek to stamp
gŸr thick, dense
gŸrlemek to say, speak
gŸrma bolmak to be captivated, fascinated
gŸrpŸldemek to crash
gŸrpŸrdi stamping, rumble
gŸrrŸldemek to roar, thunder
gŸrrŸ– talk, conversation, discussion
gŸrrŸ–deº partner in conversation
gŸrrŸ–deºmek to converse
gŸrrŸ–siz 1. wordless, unspoken 2. certain, sure
gŸrsŸldemek to thump, beat
gŸrsŸldi heartbeat
gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm bolmak to vanish, disappear : Sen nirŠ gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm boldu–? = Where did you disappear to?
gŸw swan
gŸwŠ guarantee
gŸwwŸldemek to buzz, hum
gŸØ? strength, power
gŸØ?lenmek to strengthen
gŸØ?li 1. strong 2. capable
gŸØgŸ? ladel
gŸØjemek to strengthen, intensify (of weather)
gŸØlmek to tie up (specifically, to tie an animal's four legs together)
gŸØmemek 1. to entertain, amuse 2. to detain, distract, delay
gŸØmenje amusing
gŸØmenmek 1. to be amused 2. to be detained
gŸØz fall, autumn
gŸzap torture
gŸzer ford
gŸzeran life, existence
gwardiØn r. guard
gybat gossip
gybatkeº gossipper
gybatkeº scandalmonger
gygyrmak to gab, chatter, whistle, cry out
gygyryºmak to shout back and forth
gyjak Turkmen national musical instrument, vaguely resembling a violin
gyjalat reproach
gyjyk tickle : Gyjygym gelØer = It tickles me
gyjyklamak to tickle
gyjynmak to irritate
gyk-bak etmek to shout, make a noise
gykylyk noise, scream
gykylyklamak to make noise
gyl voice
gylaw edge, blade
gyl?yk tiny fishbones
gyldyrgan splinter
gyllyk spit
gylØal horse
gyly? saber
gylyk 1. character 2. habit
gymmat expensive
gymmatlamak to raise a price, prices
gymmatly expensive, valuable
gymyldamak to budge, stir
gymyldamak to stir
gymyldy flutter, small movement : Øapraklary– gymyldysy = fluttering leaves
gyn scabbard
gynamak to distress, bring grief to
gynan? regret
gynan?ly grieved, sorrowful
gynanmak to regret
gynansamda unfortunately
gy–a? shawl, big scarf
gy–ak little slice, crust (of bread)
gy–yr angry, malicious
gyp-gyzyl reddest
gypjyndyrmak 1. to overstretch, strain 2. to frighten away
gypmak to wink
gyr I. steppe II. [y:] gray (of horses)
gyra border, coast
gyrade– the same, exactly
gyraky extreme, outer
gyraw frost
gyrgy hawk, merlin
gyrgyn mass death
gyrgyn?ylyk slaughter, carnage
gyrkmak to slaughter, cut down
gyrkym?y slaughterer
gyrmak I. to kill : A? saklap gyrdarys = We're dying of hunger II. to wear down, grate, rub off
gyrmalamak to fill (to the rim)
gyrman?a silt, gratings
gyrmyzy red, pink
gyrty? to clear off, clear up
gyrylmak I. to kill II. to be straining, bursting
gyrymsy stunted
gyryndy shavings
gyryz Kirghiz
gysa? vice (mechanical gripping device)
gysby tight
gysga short
gysga?a briefly
gysgaltmak to shorten
gysgan? 1. miser 2. greedy, miserly
gysgy? princers, tongs
gysmak to grip, press
gysmyljyramak to press up against
gyssag urgently
gyssagara haste, hurry
gyssagly urgent, hurried
gyssamak to hurry
gysym handful, clutch
gysymlamak to grab
gysyr barren
gyº winter
gyºarmak 1. to lean, slant 2. to diverge
gyºarnyksyz unswerving, steadfast
gyºartmak to bend, distort
gyºlag wintering
gyºyk curve
gyºyna wintertime
gyt rare
gytalmak to be in short supply : ºu gŸnler bazarda kŠºir gytalypdyr = These days carrots are scarce at the bazaar
gyØa oblique, slanting
gyØ?ak splinter, shard
gyØk sheep dung
gyØkundy rags, scraps
gyØmak to cut
gyz [y:] 1. girl 2. daughter
gyzamyk cerebral cortex
gyzarmak to redden
gyzdyrmak 1. to heat : GŸn Øeri gyzdyrØar = The sun heats the land 2. to intensify 3. to have a temperature
gyzgala–ly intense
gyzgyn 1. hot 2. intense 3. temperature : Meni– gyzgynym bar = I have a temperature
gyzgynlyk intensity, heat
gyzma hot-tempered
gyzmak 1. to heat 2. to be fascinated with
gyzmalyk heat
gyzykdyrmak to be interesting to : Ony sport gyzykdyrØardy = Sports were interesting to him
gyzyklandyrmak to interest
gyzyklanmak to be interested
gyzykly interesting
gyzykmak to be fervoured, impassioned
gyzyksiz boring
gyzyl I. red II. gold
gyzylšdek anat. esophagus, gullet
gyzyºmak to warm, heat
gyzzyrma malaria
H
habar 1. news 2. mark, note, item 3. knowledge 4. gram. predicate
habar etmek to inform
habar tutmak to get news
habar?y correspondent
habardar notification, advice
habarlaºmak to exchange news, get news
habarly expert, versed
habarlyk gram. predicate
ha? cross
ha?an when
hadys prophecy
hadysa 1. event, occurence 2. phenomenon
hahahaØlamak to roar with laughter
hajat need, want
hajathana toilet
ha££uk lizard
hak I. correct, right II. 1. right, privilege 2. fee, wages 3. lot, fate
hak-hukuk right, privilege
haklaºmak to get even with, settle accounts
hakly bolmak to be entitled to
hakyda memory, rememberance
hakykan reality
hakykat 1. truth 2. reality
hakykatdan really, in truth
hakyky genuine
hakynda about
hal I. 1. health 2. strength, force, power, might 3. dialect II. birthmark, mole
hal-ahwal health, situation, need
halal just, righteous, pure, godly
halamak to like
halas bolmak to take refuge
halas free
halaºmak to like (one another)
halat time, season
halk 1. people, nation 2. people's, popular, folk 3. crowd, mob
halk citizens, people
halka 1. loop 2. ring 3. environment, circle, company
halkara international
halkylyk nationality
halkyØet nationality
halta sack
halwa helva, a Turkish dessert
haly carpet
haly?y carpet maker
halypa teacher, master
halys totally
ham animal skin
hamala as it were, as if, as though
hammam bath-house
hamyr dough
hamyrmaØa leavening, fermented dough
hamyrturºy leavening, fermented dough
hamyt collar, harness
hamytlamak to collar, harness
han ruler
hanha there, over there
hantama expectation
hantama?ylyk expectation
hany I. where? II. well now, then
ha–latmat to open, open wide
hapa I. 1. dirt, mud 2. trash II. indecent, obscene
hapalamak to dirty
hapalanmak to get dirty
hapalyk destruction
haplamak to pour over, to scald
hapysa slovenly, careless
haraba ruins
harajat etmek to spend, expend, use up
harakteristika r. characteristic
haram prohibited, forbidden
haramzada rascal, imp
harap spoiled, broken, depraved
haraplamak to spoil, to break down
harasat hurricane
haraØ help, aid
haraz mill
harby military, war
harby ØagdaØ martial law
harbylaºdyrmak to militarize
har? expense, expenditure
har?lamak to spend, expend, waste
har?lamak to waste
harlamak to neglect, disdain
harma-harp literal, verbal
harman flour
harp alphabet letter
harplyk alphabet book, kindergarten primer
harpyk chaff
hars : hars urmak to develop, make, evolve
harsal coarse, crude, gross, rough
harsallyk roughness
haryt good, commodity
harytlar products, goods
has I. very II. peculiar, specific, characteristic
hasa 1. [has‡] staff, stick 2. [h‡sa] gauze
hasabat account of, report
hasamak to tally up
hasap 1. account, count, tally 2. inventory, calculation 3. arithmetic, mathematics
hasap bermek to give an account
hasap etmek to take into account, calculate
hasap?y accountant
hasaplamak 1. to count in, consider 2. to calculate, compute 3. to rate, value, estimate
hasaplanmak to be regarded, considered, taken into account
hasaplaºmak to get even with, to settle accounts
hasrat grief, distress, trouble, disaster, misfortune
hassa sick, ill
hassalamak to be ill
hassalyk illness, disease, sickness
hasyl harvest
hasylly 1. fruitful 2. fertile
hasyr-husur quickly, soon
haºal weed
haºam adornment, decoration
haºamlamak to adorn, decorate
hat 1. letter 2. writing 3. note, slip, letter, memo 4. handwriting 5. document
hat-habar news
hat-sowat reading and writing
hatar durmak to stand in order, stand in file
hatar I 1. row, line, file 2. order, array 3. in line II. danger, risk
hatarlamak to be in order
hatarly dangerous
hatda even
hatyra respect, esteem
hatyrdamak to crunch
hatyrjem relaxed, sure, certain, calm
hawa yes
haØ-kŸº etmek 1. to calm, soothe, reassure 2. to censure
haØa embarassment, confusion
haØal slow, slowly
haØal-Øagallyk etmek to delay, linger, hesitate
haØallamak 1. to weaken, slacken 2. to deteriorate
haØallatmak to slow down, reduce, delay
haØallyk slowness
haØasyz shameless, indecent
haØat fence, wall
haØbat threat, menace
haØdamak to do quickly, to rush
haØdatmak to drive, urge, hurry up
haØkylyk cry, outcry, shout
haØkyrmak to cry out, shout, scream
haØp used like the English "Unfortunately...", or "It's a shame..."
haØran galmak to admire
haØran suprise, astonishment
haØsy which
haØwan animal
haØwanat adj. animal
haØwanat bagy zoo
haØØar clamorous, scandalous
haØØarlyk scandal
haØykmak to be afraid of
haØyn traitor
haØynlyk treason
haØyr 1. benefit, use 2. profit, gain 3. assistance, aid, help
haØyrlanmak to make use of, take advantage of
haØyrly 1. beneficial, helpful
haØyº etmek to request, ask for
haØyº request
hazlamak to howl
hazyna 1. treasury 2. treasure
heder fear, risk, peril
hek 1. lime 2. chalk
hekaØa story
hekaØat 1. story 2. even, occurence
hekgermek 1. to let in 2. to be provoked, be vexed
heklemek to bleach, whitewash
heleØ woman, wife
helŠk bolmak to perish
helŠk?ilik 1. catastrophe 2. torment, suffering
helŠklemek to torment, torture, vex, worry
hellewlemek to loom
hem too, also
hemaØat etmek to provide help
hemaØat help, aid
hemiºe 1. always 2. earlier, former, first, before
hemiºelik permanent
hemme all, every
hemmetaraplaØyn comprehensive
hemra 1. fellow traveller 2. life-long companion
heniz until now, yet, still
he– I. tune, melody II. mold
he–kirmek to cry out, shout, scream
he–lemek to get moldy
hepbik snare, noose
hepde week
hepdeleØin week-long
hepdelik 1. weekly 2. per week
her every, all
hereket etmek to move
hereket movement
herketlendirmek to move
hernŠ 1. as it were 2. sometimes 3. always
herrelmek to cry out angrily
hersi every
heºelle kakmak to exult
het 1. limit, boundary, border 2. boldness, courage
hetdenaºa excessive
heØ I. "really?" , "is that possible?" II. "hey!"
heØgenek scrambled eggs
heØkel statue
hezel etmek to enjoy
hezel pleasure
hezil interesting, captivating, pleasing
hezillik amusement, entertainment, pleasure
hezzet hospitality
hezzet-hormat respect, esteem
hezzetlemek to show, provide hospitality
hŠ oh, oh yes
hŠkim mayor
hŠkimiØet authority, power, rule, regime
hŠli 1. long ago 2. not long ago 3. still, yet, for now
hŠli-ºindi endlessly, without conclusion
hŠsiØet 1. character 2. property
hŠsiØetlendirmek to characterize, mark
hŠzir 1. now, at present 2. ready, prepared
hŠzirki modern, contemporary, present
hŠzirki zaman gram. present tense
hŠzirlemek to prepare
hŠzirlik?e for the time being, meanwhile
hi? nothing
hikirdemek to snicker, giggle
hikirdi giggle, snicker
hil quality, style
hile 1. cunning, craftiness
hilegŠr cunning fellow, dodger
hilegŠrlik craftiness, cunning
hili-bir hili 1. homogeneous 2. somwhat
himiki r. chemical
himiØa r. chemistry
hin hole, burrow
hi––ildik swing
hi––ilik swing
hirurg r. surgeon
hirurgik r. surgery
hiØ I. "really?" , "is that possible?" II. "hey!"
hojalyk ownership
hojalyk?y housekeeper
hojaØyn host, master
hokga craftiness, cunning
hokkeØ r. hockey
hokurdamak 1. to gurgle 2. to crunch
hol as such, like that
holha there, over there
holodilnik r. refrigerator
honha there, over there
ho–karmak to gape
ho–uldamak to grumble, growl
hopba bolmak to climb
hopmak to fall in, fall off
hopukmak 1. to gasp, choke 2. to be frightened, scared of
hopurdatmak to drink
hor ?ekmek to snore
hor I. 1. thin, scrawny, lean, skinny 2. poor II. snore, snore III. r. chorus, choir
horaz cock
horkuldamak 1. to sob 2. to grunt
horlamak I. to snore, snort II. 1. to exhaust, use up 2. to torment
horlanmak 1. to grow thin 2. to organize
horluk ?ekmek to suffer
horluk pain, torment, suffering
horlyk ?ekmek to suffer
hormat honor, esteem, respect
hormatlamak to esteem, honor, respect
hormatly honored, esteemed
hortum trunk
hossar 1. patron, guardian 2. trustee
hossarlyk 1. trusteeship 2. relationship
hossarlyk etmek to patronize, protect
hoº I. well, good, okay II. just, favorable III. bye
hoºa bunch, cluster
hoºal satisfactory
hoºallyk satisfaction
hoºamaØ pleasant, affable
hoºamaØlyk pleasantness
hoºbagt happy, fortunate, lucky
hoºboØ aromatic, fragrant
hoºlaºmak to take leave of, say goodbye
hoºloºyk parting
hoºniØetli benevolent
hoºwagt joyful, merry
howa ºary balloon
howa weather, air
howala airs
howandar 1. relative, relation 2. patron, protector
howandarlyk 1. relationship 2. patronage
howatyr fear, apprehension, anxiety
howaØy empty, void, vain, idle
howda pond
howlukdyrmak to hurry (someone) up
howlukmak to hurry up
howly yard
howlykmak to rush, hurry
howp danger
howpsuzlyk security
howsala alarm, warning, alert
howsalaly alarming, disturbing
howtyrlanmak to fear, beware of
howul-hara 1. hasty, hurried 2. careless, negligent
howur heat, fever, ardour
howuz pond, pool
hoz nut
hozanaklamak to turn, revolve
hš?jet obstinate, stubborn
hš?jetlik stubborness
hšdŸr 1. entertainment, food, drinks 2. offer, proposal, suggestion
hšdŸr etmek to treat
hšdŸrlemek 1. to treat, entertain 2. to offer, propose, suggest
hškman imperative, necessary, mandatory
hškmany necessity
hškmany obligatory, compulsory
hškmŸnde as
hškŸm 1. order, command 2. sentence, verdict
hškŸm sŸrmek to reign
hškŸm sŸrmeklik reign
hškŸmet government
hšre-kšºe caress, affection
hšre-kšºe etmek to calm, soothe, reassure
hšrezek scarlet fever
hštde gelmek to inquire, consult
hšwes 1. desire (for) 2. interest, zeal
hšwesje– willingly, gladly, with pleasure
hšwesje–ler amateurs
hšweslendirmek 1. to encourage 2. to arouse interest in
hšweslenmek to become interested in
hšwŸrtge nest
hšwŸrtgelemek to next
hšzir pleasure
hronika r. chronicle
hrustal r. crystal
hudaØ God, Allah
hudaØa ?okunma prayer
hudo£nik r. artist
hukuk bermek to entitle
hukuk right, perogative
hupbat pain, suffering
hurma date
hususan particular, peculiar
hususy private
husyt greedy, avaracious
husytlyk greed
huº memory
hut I. just, very, exact, particular II. personal
hutma-hut drawn (game)
huwwalamak to lull
hŸjŸm raid, attack
hŸ££ermek to lull
hŸmer crowd, concourse
hŸmŸrdemek to murmur, mutter
hŸnŠr trade, craft, occupation
hŸnŠrment craftsman, artist
hŸnŠrment?ilik crafted, handmade
hŸnji beads
hŸ–Ÿrdemek to grumble, growl
hŸ–Ÿrdi grumbling, growl
hŸºgŠr vigilant, watchful, alert
hŸºgŠrlik alertness
hŸwdi lullaby
hŸwdŸlemek to lull
hŸwi zool. eagle owl
hŸØt-gara–ky total darkness
hyjuw passion
hy££yldamak to rattle, speak hoarsely
hyklamak to groan, moan
hykyrdamak to chuckle, giggle
hykyrdy laugh, chuckle, giggle
hyllalla difficulty, trouble, embarassment
hy–ranmak to growl
hyrawa wild
hyrdar hunter, lover of the wild
hyrra quickly, soon
hyrsy–y diºlemek to be annoyed, vexed
hyrsyz evil, malicious, spiteful, angry
hyrsyzlanmak to be angry, feel angry
hyru? passion
hyryn-dykyn full, complete, absolute
hyssyldamak to puff, pant, sweat
hysyrdamak to endeavor, strive
hysyrdy troubles, cares / businesses, commissions
hyºy-wuºy rumoured
hytyrdamak to crack, crunch
hyØal 1. intention, design, purpose 2. dream, daydream
hyØallanmak to intend
hyØally imaginary, supposed
hyØanat etmek to do evil, harm
hyØanat evil, harm, malice
hyØanat?y tresspassor
hyØanat?ylyk tresspassing
hyØar cucumber
hyzlamak to buzz, hum
hyzmat 1. service 2. merit 3. employment, duty
hyzmat daºlyk coopertation, collaboration
hyzmat etmek to serve, host
hyzmat service
hyzmatdaº partner
hyzmatkŠr servant
I
ibermek to send
i? inside, intestine
i?agyry diarrhea
i?aly spy, traitor
i?ege intestine
i?eri inside, within, inner region
i?erik insides
i?erki insides
i?ge?me diarrhea
i?gi alcoholic drink
i?gin very well
i?igara envious, evil (adj.)
i?igaralyk envy, evil
i?inde inside
i?inden from inside
i?irgi beverage host
i?irgilemek to saddle
i?irmek to cause to drink
i?ki adj. inside
i?ki-geØim undergarments
i?lekli baked meat pie
i?lik baked meat pie
i?liklik female underwear
i?mek I. to drink II. man's sheepskin coat
i?Øan scorpion
ideal r. ideal
idediji watchful
ideg 1. tending, care 2. surveillance
ideg-sorag 1. search 2. investigative, watchful
ideklemek to hold in hand, rein in
idemek 1. to search for 2. to inform about
ideologik r. ideological
ideologiØa r. ideology
idetmek to grow
ideØa r. idea
idili good, true
idioma r. idiom
idiomatik r. idiomatic
idirdetmek to drive, force forward, to shovel
igde bot. igde
ige file (tool)
igelemek to file
igen? grumbling
igenje– grumbling, quarrelsome
igenje–lik grumbling, quarrelsome
igenmek to grumble, be quarrelsome
iglemek 1. to lose weght 2. to rust
igli thin, skinny
ik spindle
ikatŠk cuckoo
iki two
iki-Øeke rarely
ikibir in pairs, by pairs
iki?Šk eye to eye
ikigšwŸnli undecided, undetermined
ikilen? second time, again
ikilik the number two, a "D" grade
ikindi early evening
ikindin late afternoon
ikinji derejeli secondary
ikinji second
ikinjilik second place
ikirjinlemek to think upon, mull over
ikiØanlaØyn two-sided
ikiØŸzli two-faced
ikiØyllyk two-year, for a two year period
iku?ly with two meanings, double entendre
il people
il-gŸn people
il-halk people
ilat population
ilatly populous
il?i ambassador
il?ihana embassy
ildeº countryman
ildirgi? 1. clothes peg 2. jewelry worn on the forehead
ildirmek to hang
ileri 1. to the front 2. the southeast ileri bolmak=to heal, get better
ilerik 1. in the front 2. to the southeast
ilerki forward
ilerlegini 1. in the front 2. to the southeast
ilerlemek to move forward
ileºler people
ilgin? salient, bold, dazzling
ilik button
iliºmek to hook
ilkagºam early evening
ilki first, initial
ilkibada from the first, initially
ilkibaºda from the start, initially
ilkidurmuº primordial, first existing
ilkinji initial, primary
ilkinjilik primary
illØustrasiØa r. illustration
illØustratiw r. illustrative
ilmek to be fallen
iltemek to hook
ilteºmek to be hooked
imeºik disheveled
imeºmek 1. to be disheveled 2. tangled hair
imi-sala peaceful, quiet
imisalalyk peace, tranquility
imperialistik r. imperialistic
imperializm r. imperialism
import r. import
importirlemek r. to import
imtilmek to covet, be jealous
in?e thin
in?ekesel type of illness
in?elmek to become thin
in?eltmek to make thin
in?esagt thin (relevant to people)
indeks r. index
indemek to look for (someone)
indermek to leap off
indi 1. now 2. next, following
indiki next
indikile next time
indoneziØaly r. Indonesian
industrial r. industrial
industrialaºdyrmak r. to industrialize
industriØa r. industry
indØuk r. turkey
ine here you are
ine-gana calmly
inedšrdŸl fat man
iner male camel
infeksiØa r. infection
infleksiØon r. inflection
informasiØa r. information
informasiØon r. information
ini little brother
inisiatiwa r. initiative
injener r. engineer
injenerlik r. engineering
injik shin
injir fig
inkŠr etmek to deny
inkubasion r. incubation
inkubasiØa r. incubation
inkubator r. incubator
inli breadth
inmek to appear suddenly
insiz without breadth
inspeksiØa r. inspection
inspektor r. inspector
institut r. institute
instruksiØa r. instruction
instruktor r. instructor
integral r. integral
intelligent r. intelligent
intenasional r. international
internat r. boarding school
interwal r. interval
interwensiØa r. intervention
interwØu r. interview
intizar bolmak to miss someone
intonasiØa r. intonation
inwalid r. invalid
inwentor r. inventor
i– most (superlative)
i–irdemek to cause trouble
i–irdi cause
i–kis doubt
i–lemek to moan
i–lis English
i–lis?e English language
i––e needle
i––e needle
i––ebagjyk safety pin
i––Šn very
i––gildi to be lazy
i––ildemek to whine
i–rik dusk
i–rik garalmak to get dark
ir early
ir-iØmiº vegetable(s)
irden morning
irgin hesitation
irginsiz without hesitation
irgšzin early morning dawn
iri fine, small
irinmek to be lazy
iri– pus
iri–lemek to become pus-like
iri–li pus-like
iriºme hesitation, pause
irizmek to annoy
irki early, earlier
irkilmek to fall asleep
irlandiØaly Irish
irlemek to make fine, small
irmek to be tired
irnik person who is difficult to please
isleg boØun?a at will
isleg desire
islege laØyk rational
islemek to want
islŠn any
ispan Spanish
isrip bolmak to spoil (food)
istrebitel terminator, destroyer
iº matter, affair, work
iºbil high-heeled shoes
iº?i worker
iºdes colleague
iºdŠ appetite iºdŠ–iz a?yk bolsun=bon appetit
iºdŠmen glutton
iºek young sheep (2 years old)
iºe––ir hard-working
iºger colleague
iºgŠr colleague
iºik door
iºje– lover of work
iºje–lik love of work
iºlemek to work
iºle––ir hardworking
iºletmek to make someone work
iºli busy
iºlik verb
iºmek to knit
iºsiz unemployed
iºsizlik unemployment
it I. dog II. a push
italØan Italian
iteklemek to push
itelemek to push
itermek to push
iteºen rash
itigi pushy person
itmek I. to push, shove II.
itniºik crush, squash
itniºmek to push & shove
iØdirmek to feed, cause to eat
iØermen glutton
iØermenlik gluttony
iØilmek to catch hold of
iØm feed, animal food
iØmek to eat
iØmek-i?mek food and drink, to eat and drink
iØmiº fruit
iØmit food, nourishment
iØmitlendirmek 1. to feed 2. to nourish
iØmitlenmek to be fed
iØmlemek to feed
iØul July
iØun June
izolirlemek to separate
izolØasion r. isolation
izolØasiØa r. isolation
izolØator r. isolator
izweºeniØe information
izzildemek to moan, whine, make a fuss
J
jabjynmak to snap at, attack
jady magic
jadygšØ magician, wizard
jadylamak to cast a spell
jahan world
jahyl ignorant, uneducated, inexperienced
jahyllyk ignorance
jakyrdamak to laugh
jakyrdy laughter
jala downpour, cloudburst, heavy rain
jalbar pants
jam I. bowl II. capsule
jamal poet. visage, countenance
jan 1. soul 2. life 3. individual 4. energy, vitality 5. dear, dear one
jan etmek to do one's best
jana-jan 1. cherished
jankšer faithful, devoted
janlandyrmak to refresh, bring to life
janlanmak to come to life, to revive
janly 1. alive 2. lively, active
jansyz 1. lifeless, dead 2. fig. spy
janykmak to try
janypkeº industrious, dedicated, hardworking
janypkeºlik dedication
ja– bell
ja– etmek to telephone
ja––yrdamak to ring
jar I. ravine, gulley II. information
jarnama appeal, address
jaØ I. building, dwelling II. right, correct, in place
jaØlama burial
jaØlamak to hide, conceal, bury
jaØlaºdyrmak to house, make at home
jaØlaºmak to be housed
jaØlaºykly comfortable
jaØryk crack, split, fissure
jaØrylmak to crack, split
jaØtarmak 1. to stick out, stand out 2. to stand on end
jaØtartmak to stand (something) up
jaØyrdamak to squeak (of a shoe)
jaØyrdy squeak (made by a shoe)
jazyrdamak to hiss, sputter
jazyrdy hiss, sputtering
jebir compulsion
jebis boarded up, sealed tightly : gapyny jebis Øapmak = to board up a door
jebisleºmek to seal tightly, to consolidate
jebislik unison, consolidation
jedel argument, debate
jedel etmek to make a bet
jedelleºmek to argue
jedilli argumentative
jedirdemek to jabber, gab
jem 1. sum, total 2. all
jemagat the public
jemgyØet society
jemgyØet?ilik social conscience, public-mindedness
jemlemek to sum up
jemleØji final
jenaØat crime
jenaØatcy criminal (noun)
jenaØat?ylyk attack, criminal act
jenaØatly criminal (adj)
jenaØeakŠr attacker
jenjel noise, scandal, debauche
je––el jungle, forest, wilderness
jepa ?ekmek to suffer, bear a burden
jepa compulsion, burden
jepakeº hard-working
jepakeºlik love of hard work
jeren "jeren", gazelle-like animal indigenous to Turkmenistan
jerime fine, penalty
jerime salmak to fine
jet in disagreement, not on good terms
jetleºmek to quarrel, argue (with someone)
jetlik disagreement, bad feelings
jeza 1. punishment, penalty 2. retribution
jeza bermek to punish
jezalandyrmak to punish
jŠgildemek to wail, cry (of a baby)
jŠgildi wailing
jŠhek edging, border, hem
jŠhet point of view
jŠjek 1. shard 2. sequin, spangle, glitter
jigi younger brother
jiglemek to skip a beat
jikjiki warbler (bird)
jikme-jik in great detail, minutely
jilt binding, jacket, cover
jiltlemek to bind (a book)
ji–kermek to stare at : Sen nŠme ma–a ji–kerip seredØŠrsi–? = Why are you staring at me?
jir chintz, calico, printed cotton cloth
jisim 1. matter, mass 2. body
jogap answer
jogap bermek to answer
jogapkar responsible
jogapkŠr?ilik responsibility
jogapkŠrli responsible
jogapsyz 1. unanswerable 2. without permission
jojuk piglet
jojuklamak to farrow
jokrama hot, sultry, burning
jomart lavish, liberal
jomartlyk liberalness, lavishness
jontuk short, bob (of an animal's tail)
jora friend (female to female)
jorap socks
joºgun flood
joºgunly flooded, gushing
joºmak 1. to overflow, gush 2. to be enthusiastic (about something)
joØa irrigation ditch
joØalmak to irrigate
jšgi phony, fake, hypocritical (usually of a person)
jšgŸlik hypocrisy
jšwenek hail
jšwza heat
juda incredibly, extremely
jugurdamak to rumble
jul horse-cloth
juwan youth, young people
juwanlyk youth, adolescence
jŸbi pocket
jŸbŸt even in number
jŸlge valley
jŸmle expression
jŸmmŸº 1. depth 2. fig. heart, center
jŸmºŸldemek to go numb, tingle (i.e. of a person's legs)
jŸmºŸldi tingling, "pins and needles" (when a limb goes numb)
jŸrletmek to whistle
jŸrlewŸk n. whistle
jŸrŸndik spout (of a teapot)
jŸØgŸldemek to peep (of chicks)
jŸØgŸldy peep, squeak
jŸØje chick
jybar frosty, freezing
jybarlamak to freeze, be frosty
jyda dټmek to get better
jygyldamak to squeak
jygyldy squeak (i.e. of a mouse)
jyklamak to peep at, spy upon
jykyrdamak to laugh
jylaw reins
jylawlamak to rein in, hold back (something)
jyn race, caste
jynsparaz racist
jynsparazlyk racism
jy–kyny ?ykarmazlk to keep quiet, not let a word slip (about something)
jy–kytmak to gulp down
jy––yrdamak to call, ring
jy––yrdatmak to call up, make a call
jy––yrdy ringing, bell, tone
jyzlamak to sizzle
jyzyrdamak to fry, sizzle
jyzzyk crackling, sizzling
£
£anr r. genre
£eton r. 1. token 2. medal
£iraf r. giraffe
£iwopis r. painting
£onglØor r. juggler
£onglØorlyk r. juggling
£urnal r. journal, magazine
£urnalist r. journalist
£Øori r. jury
K
kabina r. booth, cubicle
kabinet r. private office; study
kabul etmek 1. to accept
ka?a– beautiful, handsome
kada rule
kadalaºdyrmak to standardize
kadaly adj. 1. normal 2. regular
kadr I.r. personnel II. specialist
kafedra pulpit; rostrum
kagyz paper
kak 1. dried melon
kaka 1. father 2. uncle(Balkan dialect)
kakabaº ill-bred, ill-mannered
kakamak 1. to become dry 2. to dry; to become dry
kakao r. cocoa
kakatmak to make dry
kaklyºmak to collide (head on)
kakma? "kakmach", a special quick-fried salty meat dish
kakmak 1. to drive in; hammer in 2. to knock; rap 3. to shake off 4. to shake 5. to clap 6. to pack down (dirt, sand...)
kakyn fit, attack, seizure
kakynly adj. fitful, like a seizure
kalendar r. calendar
kaloriØa r. calorie
kaloriØaly r. caloric
kamera r. chamber
kampaniØa company
kanagat 1. patience 2. satisfaction
kanagatlanarlyk satisfaction
kanagatlandyrmak to satisfy; make someone content
kanagatlanlarlykly satisfactory
kanagatlanlarlyksz unsatisfactory
kanagatlanmak to be satisfied
kanagatly consistent
kanal r. canal
kanalizasiØa r. sewage system
kandidat r. candidate
kandidatly r. candidate position
kanikul r. vacation
kanselØariØa r. office
kanun law
kanunlaºdyrmak to legalize, legitimize
kanunlylyk legality, legitimacy
kanunsyz illegal, lawless, unlawful
kanunsyzlyk lawlessness
kanuny 1. legal, legitimate 2. natural, logical
kanunylyk legality; legitimacy
ka–kamak to go for a walk, to loiter, to drift (from place to place)
kapas stuffy, close
kapasa 1. cage 2. counter, shelf
kapitalist r. capitalist
kapitalistik r. capitalistic
kapitalizm r. capitalism
kapitan r. captain
kapyr infidel
kapyØa rhyme
kapyØalaºdyrmak to rhyme; to make something rhyme
kapyØalaºmak to rhyme (reflexive)
karar I. 1. decision 2. conclusion II. 1. patience 2. peace of mind
karara gelmek to make up one's mind
karel adj. Karelian (nationality)
karikatura r. cartoon
karkas frame, framework
karnawal carnival
karta map
karto?ka r. card
karton cardboard
kartoºka r. potatoes
karz duty
karzyna indebted to
kasam i?mek to vow, take an oath
kasam oath
kassa r. cashier's office; cashier's desk
kassir r. cashier
kast 1. revege, vengance 2. attempted assassination
kaºgŠ if
katalog catalogue
kategoria category
kater cutter; launch
katok r. skating rink
kau?uk rubber
kaØuta cabin; stateroom
kaØyl pleased with
kazak 1. Kazahk 2. Cossack
kebap kebob; shish-kebob
kebaphana kebob restaurant; cafe
kebelek butterfly
kebºir n. welding
kebºirleØli welder
kebze small shovel
ke? 1. n. furrow 2. stubborn, obstinate
ke?de embroidery
ke?e felt
ke?jal stubborn, obstinate
ke?je 1. obtuse; stupid 2. wrong
ke?jelik stupidity, incoherence
ke?lik stubborness; obstinacy
kejebe old Turkmen gelinalyjy
kejir stubborn, obstinate
keke? comb
kekirdek larynx
kekre wormwood
kel mangy
kel?ermek to show off
kelek hornless (without horns)
kelem cabbage
kelep skein; hank (of thread)
keleplemek to wind up
kelesa– shiftless; good for nothing
kelesa–lyk dissoluteness
kellagyry adj. head (attrib.)
kelle 1. head 2. mind
kellebaºaØak malfunction
kelleki bridle
kellem cabbage
kelpe– frivolous; flighty
kelpe–lik flightiness
kelpeze lizard
kelte short
keltelmek to be shortened
kelteltmek to shorten
kem 1. defect, flaw 2. adv. not enough; insufficiently
kem-kemden gradually
kemakyl feeble-minded
kemal : kemala gelmek = to mature, to become a man
kemally 1. honest, decent 2. suitable, proper, appropriate
kembaha : kembaha garamak = to underestimate
kem?ilik shortage, scarcity
kemelmek to decrease; diminish; decline
kemeltmek to reduce
kemen?e music bow
kemer strap
kemlik shortage; scarcity; lack
kemmek to reduce
kempir old woman
kemput piece of candy
kemsinmek to be offended
kemsitmek to humiliate
kemsiz irreproachable; flawless
kemsiz-kšstsŸz flawless
kenar coast
kendir ? plant
kendirik "kendirik", special table cloth (oilcloth) for making dough or sifting flour on
kenep hemp
kengir straining spoon; skimmer
kentilmek to wearth (of a rope)
kepderi pigeon; dove
kepek siftings
kepemek to dry; become dry
kepgir large spoon-ladel to cook palow
kepil bolmak to guarantee
kepillik guarantee
ker deaf
ker? hunk; chunk
ker?emek to chop up
keremara quietly; silently
kerep spiderweb; cobweb
kereplemek to cover oneself up
kerlik deafness
kerpi? r. brick
kert ledge
kertik cut; incision
kertmek 1. to cut slightly; make an incision 2. to eat away 3. to leave (something)
kerwen caravan
kes any; every
kesdirmek to wound; injure
kese 1. horizontal 2. someone else's; other people's 3. side
kesek lump
keseki someone else's; other people's
keseklemek to throw; toss
kesel 1. illness; disease 2. sick; ill
keseleØin horizontally
keselhana hospital
keseligine horizontally
kesellemek to be ill
keselli ill; sick
keser "keser", a special knife used in carpet-making
kesewi poker (for a fire)
kesgin 1. decisive; forceful; resolute 2. burning
kesgir sharp
kesgitleme definition
kesgitlemek to define
kesgitli adj. definite
kesgitnama definition
kesir stubborn; obstinate
kesirlik stobborness; obstinacy
kesiºmek to cross (each other), to intersect
kesmek I. 1. to cut 2. to cut in, interrupt II. scab
kesmeklemek to cover oneself up
kesp profession
keºbi surface
keºdelemek to embroider
keºdeli embroidered
keºlemek to furrow
keºleØin furrowed
keºp 1. face 2. look, appearance
keºte embroidery
keºte etmek to embroider
ketek bird-house (i.e. chicken coop, hen coop, pigeon loft)
ketje stubborn, obstinate
keØigim (informal address to women) Dear! Sweetie!
keØik gazelle
keØkermek to behave oneself dashingly
keØkertmek to be alerted
keØp 1. general physical and mental state 2. delight, pleasure
keØp ?ekmek to revel
keØpine just so; simply so (for no particular reason)
keØtik adj. lame
keØtiklemek to hobble
kezzap cheat; swindler
kezzaplyk cheating
kŠ 1. that 2. kabir
kŠbir some
kŠbiri some; some people; certain people
kŠdi squash, pumpkin
kŠemek to curse out; swear out
kŠkelemek to cluck
kŠkilik partridge
kŠmahal sometimes
kŠmil perfect
kŠmileºen perfect
kŠmilleºdirmek to improve; perfect; refine
kŠmilleºmek to improve oneself
kŠmillik perfection
kŠmillik Øaºy majority (18 years of age)
kŠmillik Øaºyna Øetmek to reach majority
kŠn a lot, much
kŠnelmek kšpelmek
kŠr profession
kŠrdeº colleague
kŠrende rental
kŠrende tšlegi rent
kŠrhana undertaking; venture
kŠse cup
kŠselemek to cut
kŠºir carrot
kŠte sometimes
kŠtmen hoe
kŠtmenlemek 1. to chop 2. to hoe
kŠwagt sometimes
kŠØarym kŠte
kŠØemek to scold
kŠØi?mek to quarrel with
kŠØin? 1. pronunciation 2. reproach; reproof; rebuke
kŠØinmek to complain
kibirdemek to crunch
ki?elmek 1. to decrease, diminish 2. to shorten
ki?eltmek 1. to reduce 2. to shorten
ki?i 1. small 2. underage, juvenile 3. adj. younger
ki?igšwŸnli modest
kikirdemek to giggle
kilim "kilim" small handmade carpet
kilogram r. kilogram
kilogramlyk r. adj. kilogram
kilometr r. kilometer
kilt bolt; catch
kiltlemek to bolt; to hook the catch
kim who?
kimin like
kinaØa irony
kinaØaly ironic; ironical
kine offense; insult
kineli offended
kino r. film
kinoteatr r. theater (film)
kiosk r. kiosk
kir mud
kireØ rental
kiri? 1. string of a musical instrument 2. bowstring
kirlemek to get dirty
kirletmek to soil; dirty; stain
kirli dirty, filthy, muddy
kirpi 1. hedgehog 2. fig. crew-cut
kirpik eyelash
kirºen dust
kise pocket
kisel "kisel", a desert made of fruit, berries, and potato starch, served with milk
kislorod r. oxygen
kislota r. acid
kiºde 1. dried apricots 2. dried fruit
kiºi person
kiºmiº raisins
kiº–emek to neigh
kit r. whale
kitap book
kitap?a small book
kitaphana library
kitaphon book-lover, bibliophile
kitapsšØŸji book-lover, bibliophile
kitir tea-pot
kitirdetmek to crunch
kitirdewŸk crisp
kitŸw slow to forgive, harboring resentment
klas r. class (meaning social class or class group, but not lesson)
klasdaº classmate
klassyk classical writer
klassyky classical
kleØonka r. oilcloth
klinika r. clinic
klub r. club
klubnika r. strawberries
knopka r. button; push button
kodeks r. code (of law, principles)
kofe r. coffee
kofta r. woman's jacket
kokamak to stink
kolbasa r. sausage
kolhoz r. collective farm
kolhoz?i r. collective farmer
kolleksiØa r. collection
kollektiw r. n. collective, team, group, body
koloniØal r. colonial
kolonka r. water-dispenser, water-pump
kolonna r. column, pillar
kolonoØa r. colony
komanda r. team
komandir r. commander
komandirlik r. position
komandirowka r. assignment, business-trip
komandowanie r. command
komanduØy?iØ r. commander
kombaØn r. combine, harvester
kombinat r. integrated plant
kombinezon r. overalls
komediØa r. comedy
komendant r. commandant
komissar r. commissar
komissiØa r. commission; committee; board
komitet r. committe
kommunal r. public; municipal
kommunist r. communist
kommunizm r. communism
komonawt r. cosmonaut, astronaut
kompas r. compass
kompleks r. complex
kompleksleØin r. adj. complex, composite
komplekt r. complete (of a set)
komplektlemek r. to complete (a set)
kompot r. "kompot", a sweet drink made of boiled fruit, water, and sugar
kompozitor r. composer
kompres r. compress
komsomol r. 1. Komsomol, Communist Youth League 2. Young Communist
konditer r. pastry cook, pastry chef
konductor r. conductor (on a train, bus, etc.)
konferensiØa r. conference
kongres r. congress
konki r. horse
konkret r. adj. concrete, specific
konkretleºdirmek r. to make specific, spell out
konkurs r. competition, contest
konsert r. concert, recital
konserw r. canned foods, canned goods
konserwatiw r. adj. conservative
konserwatoriØa r. conservatory (for music)
konstitutsiØa r. constitution
konstruksiØa r. construction; design
konstuktor r. designer
konsul r. consul
konsulhana r. consulate
konsullyk r. consulate (consulary position)
konsultasiØa r. consultation
kontinental r. continental
kontingent r. contingent
kontor r. office
kontrol r. control
kontrollyk r. control
kontrolØor r. controller
konus r. geom. cone
konweØer r. conveyor
kooperatiw r. cooperative
kopiØa r. copy
korabl r. ship
koridor r. corridor, hall
korpus r. body, trunk, torso
kosekans r. mat. cosecant
kosinus r. mat. cosine
kosmetika r. make-up, cosmetics
kosmos r. outer space
kospekt r. synopsis; outline; abstract
kospektirlemek r. to abstract; make an abstract of
kostØor r. fire
kostØum r. suit
kotlet r. chop; cutlet
kowalamak to drive (cattle)
kowalaºmak to drive (cattle)
kowalmak to chase, follow
kowgy pursuit; chase
kowmak 1. to drive on (cattle) 2. to dismiss, fire, discharge 3. to exile
kowum-garandaº relatives
kš?e street
kš?ek a little camel
kšjemek to lace, to tie
kšk 1. root 2. basting
kške cookie, biscut
kšklemek I. 1. to baste 2. to quilt II. to take pleasure in
kšl lake
kšlege shade
kšlegli shady
kšmek n. help
kšmek?i assistant, helper
kšmekleºmek to help
kšmelek mushroom
kšmŸr coal
kšne old
kšne-kŸºŸl old things, junk
kšne?e as before; unchanged
kšneden adj. since olden times, since days of yore
kšnelmek 1. to wear out, be worn out 2. to wear out all one's clothes
kšneltmek to wear out (i.e. clothing, machinery)
kšp 1. a lot, much, many 2. often, frequently
kšp nokat elipses (...)
kšpbur?luk geom. polygon
kšp?Ÿlik 1. mass, a lot of, a heap of 2. social
kšp?ŸlikleØin adj. mass (as in "mass transit")
kšpden long ago
kšpek male dog, hound
kšpelmek to increase; grow
kšpeltmek 1. to increase 2. to multiply
kšpgranlyk geom. polyhedron
kšplen? usually, generally, ordinarily
kšplŸk a great number, a multitude
kšpri bridge
kšptaraply multilateral
kšpŸk foam
kšpŸrjik foam, bubble
kšpŸrjiklemek to froth, to foam
kšr blind
kšrek unripened cotton bud
kšremek to begin to burn properly
kšrlŸk 1. blindness, darkness 2. dimwit, dummy
kšrpe young
kšrŸk 1. bellows 2. ash-pit (of a furnace)
kšrzehin thick-headed, dim-witted
kšsemek to call, summon
kšsenmek to test, try out
kšssek tripod
kšsseklemek to hobble (a horse)
kšst shortage, scarcity, lack
kšsŸk pod
kšsŸkli leguminous, beany
kšºeºnek to grow still, become silent, calm down
kšºk palace
kštel raising, lifting
kšw hollow, glen, dell
kšw salmak to look; peep (over, under, behind, etc...)
kšwek 1. removal, extraction 2. cave, cavern
kšwlemek to dig
kšwmek 1. to dig 2. to make a hole in 3. to wash away, erode
kšwŸº shoes
kšwŸººi shoemaker
kšØdŸrmek to let something be wasted
kšØmek to burn up, be burned up
kšØnek 1. shirt (male) 2. dress (female)
kšØnek?e dressmaker
kšz live coals, embers
krahmal r. starch
kran r. faucet, spigot, tap
kredit r. credit
krem r. cream
kreml r. Kremlin
kreØser r. cruiser
krizis r. crisis
kros r. cross-country race
krowat r. bed
kru£ok r. small circle, club, group
kub r. cube
kubok r. goblet
kuhnØa kitchen
kultiwator r. cultivator
kultiwatsiØa r. cultivation
kupe r. compartment (on a train)
kuplet r. verse, stanza
kurort resort
kurs r. course
kursant student
kurtka r. (man's) jacket
kuwwat power, strength, might
kuwwatlanmak 1. to aquire, gain 2. to stand
kuwwatly strong, powerful
kuwwatlylyk strength, power
kuzow r. basket
kŸde stack
kŸdelemek to stack
kŸkemek to be fragrant
kŸkrek chest
kŸkŸrt 1. sulfur 2. match
kŸl ashes
kŸl-owram (bolmak) to spit up
kŸl-peekun etmek to break; shatter; smash
kŸl-uºak to spit up
kŸl?e small bread made from short pastry
kŸldan ashtray
kŸle (of a tail) short
kŸlembibi little finger
kŸlke small; minute
kŸlkelemek to crush; grind
kŸme hut; shack
kŸmŸº silver
kŸmŸºlemek to silver; silver plate
kŸndŸk special metallic pitcher for washing
kŸnjek corner
kŸnji sesame
kŸnnŸk silver jug for water
kŸrek oar; paddle
kŸreklemek to row; to paddle
kŸrk brood hen
kŸrre young/little donkey
kŸrsemek to burst into
kŸrt kurd
kŸºgŸrmek to sic ( a dog on)
kټt chess
kŸºtºi chess player
kŸtek dull; blunt
kŸtelmek to become dull
kŸteltmek to blunt; dull
kŸti thick
kŸtŸlik thickness
kŸØ n. thought
kŸØkermek to hunch one's back; be hunched over
kŸØki hunchbacked
kŸØsemek to wish for; desire
kŸØze pitcher; jug
kŸØzegarlik potter's trade (craft)
kwadrat r. 1. square (figure) 2. adj. square
kwadratura r. n. squaring
kwalifikasiØa r. qualification
kwartal r. quarter; section (of a city)
kwartira r. apartment
kwas r. "kvass" a fermented drink made with bread
kwitansiØa r. receipt
kybap accordance; conformity
kybapdaº corresponding
kyn difficult
kyn?ylyk difficulty
kynlaºdyrmak to complicate
kynlaºmak to become complicated
kynlyk difficulty
kyrk forty
kyrkynjy fortieth
kyssa 1. prose 2. story 3. short poem
kyssa?y writer
kysym look; appearance
L
la just, will you : Ma–a aØtsa–yz-la = Just tell me
laborant r. laboratory worker; assistant
laboratoriØa r. laboratory
labyr anchor
labyrdamak to blaze; flare up; glow; burn
labyz 1. melody 2. melodiousness
la?yn falcon
lager r. camp
lagºamak to collapse; fall into pieces
lak atmak 1. to start to speak 2. to brush against
lak bolmak to conceal; keep secret
lak r. lacquer
lakam nickname
lakgy talkative
lakgyldamak to chat
laklamak to lacquer
lakyrdamak to seeth; bubble
lakyrdy bubbling, gurgling
lal I. mute II.
lallyk muteness
lampa moment; instant; twinkling
lampa r. lamp
lampo?ka r. lightbulb
landshaft r. landscape
lapyke? bolmak 1. to be dispirited 2. to be disappointed
lasyrdamak to brew; digest
laØ I. 1. loam; clay 2. slush; dirt; mud II. bir laØ one complete set
laØyk appropriate
laØyk bolmak to conform
laØyklyk proportion; accordance
laØyklyk-da in conformity with
lebiz promise
legen basin
leji ?ykmak 1. to become worn out 2. to become fatigued
lejikmek to get tired
lejini ?ykarmak to wear out
len? bolmak to be hackneyed; tritel; banal
lenta ribbon
le–kewut spider
lerzana gelmek to shudder
letde scrap
lezzet pleasure
lezzetli 1. sweet; pleasing to taste 2. sweet; delightful
lŠbik I. slush II. muddy; troubled; poppy
lŠle kakmak to sing the "LŠle Jana" (traditional Turkmen song)
lŠle poppy
lŠlezar meadow
lŠlezarlyk meadow
lŠlik coddled; effeminate
lŠliklik effeminateness
lŠsh 1. corpse; body 2. carcass
lŠshermek to wallow
lokga lump; clod
lokgalamak to crumple
lomaØ sšwda wholesale
lomaØ wholesale
lomaØlygyna wholesale
lomaylygyna satmak to sell wholesale
lo–kuldamak to be afraid of
lopbush chubby; plump
lorsuldamak fire
lotereØa r. lottery
lowlamak to blaze; flare up
lowurdamak 1. to shine; glitter 2. to sparkle 3. to blaze
lowurdawuk brilliant
lowurdy 1. lustre; shine 2. flame; blaze
lšdere grounds; sediment;thicket
lŸ– basmak to do the boundary strip
lŸ– border
lŸØk slush; mud
lØstra r. chandelier
lØuk r. hatch (way)
lybas clothing
lygyrdamak to gurgle
lygyrdy gurgle
lyzha r. ski; skiing
lyzha?y r. skier
lyzhaly r. ski...
M
madda 1. matter; substance 2. article
maddy material
madyrdamak to talk; chatter
magallaklamak to appear in the distance
magaryf enlightenment, education
magaryf?y educator
magazin r. shop
magdan ore
magistral highway, thoroughfare
maglumat report, message
magnit r. magnet
magnitofon r. tape recorder
magtamak to praise
magtan? praise
magtanmak to brag, to boast
mahal time
mahanika r. mechanics
mahlasy in a word; in short
mahmal plush
mahrum devoid
mahsus characteristic
makala article (of magazine)
maksat aim, purpose
maksatly having a specific purpose
makul acceptable
makulatura 1. pages spoiled in printing 2. rubbish
makullamak to approve of
mal cattle, livestock
mal-mŸlk 1. property 2. fig. belongings
mala harrow
malalamak to harrow
maldar animal breeder
maldar?ylyk livestock breeding
maliØe finance
maliØele?dirmek to finance
mama 1. pox 2. small pox
mamla right, correct
manat Turkmen (and Azerbaijanian) currency
mandarin tangerine; mandarin
maner 1. riding academy; riding school 2. circus arena 3. playpen
manØowr r. maneuver
many meaning
manyly rich in content; informative
manysyz 1. having no meaning; senseless 2. pointless
ma–a to me
ma–laØ 1. forehead; brow 2. frontal
ma–laØly 1. happy 2. lucky; fortunate
maral fallow deer
mar?al r. marshall
marka r. 1. postage stamp 2. make, model; brand
marksistik r. marxist
marksizm r. marxism
marksizm-leninizm r. marxism-leninism
marmelad r. fruit jellies; candy
mart r. March
mas?tab scale (of a map)
masgara shameful
masgarabaz jester
masgaralamak to disgrace
masgar?ylyk shame, disgrace
maska r. 1. mask 2. guise
maskarad r. masquerade
maslahat 1. advice, council 2. conference
maslahat?y adviser
maslahatla?mak to consult; seek advice
maslahatla?ylyk coordinated, concerted
maslahatlaºmak to confer
maslyk dead body, corpse, cadaver
massa r. mass
massa£ r. massage
maºgala family (can be used to refer to wife, wife and husband, or entire family)
maºgala family, wife, household
maºgalaly adj. family
maºinist r. machinist, mechanic
maºinistka r. 1. (woman) mechanic 2. typist
maºinka r. machine
maºk exercise
maººarmak to become flat; flatten out
maººartmak to flatten
maºyn 1. machine 2. automobile
mata cloth; fabric
matal riddle; puzzle
matematika r. mathematics
matematiki r. mathematical
material r. material
materialistik r. materialistic
materializm r. materialism
materik continent; mainland
materiØa r. 1. matter 2. material, fabric
matros r. sailor, seaman
mawlamak to meow
mawut smooth woolen cloth
mawy 1. light/sky blue 2.pink
mawzoleØ r. mausoleum
maØ 1. May 2. moment; instant
maØa 1. camel 2. leaven, ferment 3. n. fund
maØda small; minute
maØdal 1. moderate 2. temperate
maØdalamak to crush; grind
maØka r. t-shirt
maØlamak to become warm; warm up
maØmyn monkey; ape
maØor r. major
maØrylmak 1. to strain oneself 2. to crack up; break down
maØsa 1. field of grain 2. field of endeavor
maØy?gak 1. flexible 2. supple
maØy?gaklyk flexibility
maØyl warm
maØyllyk warm weather
maØyp disabled person, invalid
maØyplyk disability
maØyrmak 1. to blow up 2. to subvert
maza pleasure
mazaly 1. calmly 2. pleasant
mazar grave
mazar?ylyk cemetery
mazmun maintenance; upkeep
mazmuny content
me used as English: "take it!", "here!"
mebel furniture
me?ew bermek 1. to sic (a dog on somebody, something) 2. coll. to set people against each other
medal r. medal
medeni cultural
medeniØet cultural, culture
medeniØeti culture
medeniØetli cultural
medisina r. medicine (the science of)
meger used as English: "it can be"
mehanik r. mechanic
mehanizasiØa r. mechanization
mehanizator r. specialist in mechanization
mehanizm r. mechanism
mehanizmle?dirmek r. to mechanize
mejal powers, strength
mejbur etmek to enforce
mejbur forced
mejbury compulsory
mejlis conference
mekan 1. inhabited area, place where people live 2. edge; rim, brim
mekdep school
mekgejšwen corn
mekir sly, crafty
mekirlik cunning, guile
mel r. chalk
mele 1. pale; yellow, straw colored 2. beige
melhem panacea
mellek yard; piece of land for individual use
men I; me
men-menlik conceit
menek spot, stain; blemish
meni–?e used as English: "In my opinion..."; "I think..."
menØu r. menu
menzil distance
me–ze? similar
me–ze?lik similarity, likeness, resemblance
me–zemek to resemble, to look like
me–zeº similar, resemblance
me–zetme comparison
me–zetmet to liken
merdana bravely, courageously
merdiwan 1. stairs; stairway 2. ladder
mergen exceptional hunter; marksman
mergenlik accuracy, marksmanship
mergi cholera
merhum the deceased
meridian r. meridian
merkele?dirmek to centralize
merkez center
merkezi central
mermer adj. marble
mert 1. brave, courageous 2. manly
mertebe 1. dignity 2. merit; virtue
mertler?e bravely, courageously
mertlik courage
mes 1. gay, merry, cheerful 2. prosperous, affluent 3. well fed, fat, plump 4. fertile
mese-mŠlim obviously
mesele task
meselem for example
mesge butter
mesgen dwelling, abode; living quarters
mesi boots (Turkmen traditional)
meslik 1. gaiety, cheerfulness 2. prosperity, affluence
meºgul busy; occupied
meºgullanmak to be occupied (with); to be engaged (in)
meºhur celebrated; famous
meºhurlyk fame
metal r. metal
metallurgiØa r. metallurgy
metbugat 1. seal; stamp 2. the press, news media
metjit mosque
metod r. method
metodik r. methodical
metodika r. methods
metodist r. methodist (one who is skilled in methodologies)
metr r. meter
metro r. subway
metropoliten r. subway
meØdan 1. field 2. clearing (in the woods)
meØdan?a ground, site; area
meØil 1. interest 2. wish
meØillenmek to wish for, desire
meØit dead body, corpse, cadaver
meØletin voluntary
meØletin?i volunteer
mŠde stomach
mŠhelle n. crowd
mŠhir love
mŠhirli adj. nice; pleasant; warm
mŠhirsiz unpleasant, disagreeable
mŠhnet huge, enormous; tremendous
mŠhri compassion
mŠhriban dear
mŠkŠm strong, durable
mŠkŠmlemek to strengthen, reinforce
mŠkiØan hen
mŠlemek to bleat
mŠlim known, definite
mŠmiºi orange
mŠreke n. crowd
mŠº a little green pea-like bean used to make soup
mŠºe cock, hammer (of a firearm)
mŠtŠ? bolmak to need
mŠtŠ? needy
mŠtŠ?lik need (implies dire need)
mŠz gland
mikrob r. microbe; germ
mikrofon r. microphone
mikroscop r. microscope
milisioner r. policeman
milisiØa r. the police, militia
millet nation, nationality
milli national
milliard r. billion (in American English), milliard (British English)
millimetr r. millimeter
million r. million
milt dare
milt etmek to dare
mineral r. mineral
ministr r. minister
ministrlik r. ministry
minnetdar grateful, appreciative
minnetdarlyk gratitude, appreciation
minomØot r. mortar
minus r. 1. minus sign 2. subzero, below zero (of temperature)
minut r. minute
minutlyk r. 1. adj. minute 2. momentary
miras 1. inheritance 2. heritage
miras almak to inherit
miras?y successor
mis copper
misli like; just as
missiØa r. mission (assignment)
miting r. mass meeting, rally
miwe fruit
miwe?ilik fruit growing (as an agricultural practice)
miwelemek to bear fruit
miweli adj. fruit, fruity
miØesser to have occasion (to)
mizemez unshakable, unwaivering, steadfast
mobilizasiØa r. mobilization
mobilizlemek r. to mobilize
moda r. fashion, style
model r. model
molamak to moo; bellow
moldowan Moldovan
molekula molecule
molekulØar molecular
molla mullah
mon?a bolmak to be glad, happy; to rejoice
mongol Mongol
monjugatdy Turkmen national game for girls only played during the Muslim New Year
monjuk 1. beads 2. necklace
montaÁ r. assembly; installation
montØor r. fitter
monument r. monument
monumental r. monumental
moral r. morals; morality
mordwin r. Mordrin (an ethnicity of Central Europe and Russia)
moroÁny r. ice-cream
motor r. motor, engine
motosikl r. motorcyle
moØmuldamak to waddle
mš?ber volume
mšhlet 1. term of office 2. period of time; in a short time
mšhletli urgent; pressing
mšhŸm 1. important 2. necessary, essential
mšjek 1. insect, bug 2. wolf
mšlerilmek to glare, to stare
mšlertmek to stare wide-eyed
mšn naive
mš––Ÿrmek to roar
mšr-mšjek insects
mšw? almak to spread terror; to rage; to wreak havoc
mšwkemek to rage
mšwrit time
mšwsŸm season
mšØ spider
mu?akgat difficulty
mu?dak admirer, devotee
mugallym teacher
mugallyma teacher (female)
mugt free (of charge)
mukaddes sacred, holy
mukam melody
mukdar quantity; amount; number
mum wax
mundan š– ago, before
murt moustache
murtly moustached, with a big moustache
musulman Moslem, Muslim
muzeØ r. museum
mŸbŠrek congratulation
mŸ?deri client; customer
mŸ?gil difficult, hard
mŸdir manager (of), head (of)
mŸmkin 1. possible 2. used as the english "may" or "can": ‚ilim ?ekmek mŸmkinmi? = Can I smoke? Is it permissible to smoke?
mŸmkin?ilik etmek to enable
mŸmkin?ilik possibility, chance
mŸmkingadar as far as possible
mŸnmek 1. to mount, board, get on 2. to ascend
mŸ– thousand
mŸ–kŸldemek to tremble, shiver, shake
mŸ–kŸr insecure, self-doubting
mŸ–kŸrlenmek to doubt, to have doubts
mŸ–kŸrlik n. doubt
mŸr?Ÿk wrinkled
mŸrepbe n. jam (as in jelly)
mŸrrelmek to become wrinkled
mŸrrŸk wrinkled
mŸØn consciousness
mŸØnli guilty, at fault, to blame
mŸØnŸrgemek to feel uneasy, self-couscious, awkward
mŸzzermek to turn sour
my?mak 1. to miss, fly past(a target) 2. to race, speed along
mydama always
mydamalaØyn forever, for good
mydar 1. strength 2. life
myh nail (metal)
myhman 1. guest 2. foreigner
myhmanhana 1. hotel 2. guest room; receiving room
myhmansšØer hospitable
myhmansšØerlik hospitality
myjabat n. slander, libel
myjjarmakû to become soft, flabby
myjjykû soaked
mylakat friendliness, affability
mylakatly open-hearted; amiable, affable
mylaØym 1. warm 2. pleasant, nice 3. polyester; rayon
mylaØymlyk pleasantness
mylkarmak to become overripe
mynasybetli 1. devoted to 2. dedicated (i.e. a book dedicated to someone)
mynasyp bolmak to deserve
mynasyp worthy (of), deserving (of)
myn?gamak to knead; work (i.e. clay, leather)
mynjyramak to break into pieces, shatter
mynjyratmak to smash, shatter
myrat wish; desire
myrtar bad, poor
mysal example
mysal Ÿ?in for example
mysala appearance; exterior
myssarmak 1.to lower, let down 2. to wilt; wither
myssyk 1. faded or withered 2. soft; mild; gentle
myº-myº rumors, talk
N
na emphatic suffix
nabat sweet
na?alinik r. chief; head, boss
nadan ignorant
nadanlyk ignorance
nadara scandalous
nadaralyk scandal
nadyl offended
nadyllyk offence; insult
nagt available, on hand
nagyº 1. n. ornamental design; decorative pattern 2. adj. intricate
nagyº ?ekmek to embroider
nagyºlamak 1. to decorate; embellish; adorn 2. to embroider
nah adj. cotton
nahal seedling, sapling
nahar 1. meal 2. food
naharhana 1. cafeteria, dining hall 2. dining room
naharlamak 1. to feed 2. to nurse, suckle
nakyl proverb
nal horseshoe
nala 1. n. groan, moan 2. complaint
nala? 1. forced, under duress 2. unintentionally, unwillingly
nalajedeØin clumsy, inept
nalamak 1. to forge 2. to stuff, fill, cram
nalamak 1. to groan; moan 2. to complain (about) 3. to lament
nalyº complaint
nalyºly plaintive, mournful
namart coward, cowardly
namartlamak to be a coward; be afraid; get cold feet
namartlyk cowardice
namaz prayer
namys 1. self-worth; conscience 2. shame; sense of shame
namysja– dignity
nan bread
nar pomegranite
narpyz mint
narpyzly adj. mint, minty
narØad 1. order; warrant 2. duty
nas green powder used like chewing tobacco
nasos n. pump
naturalist r. naturalist
naw log
naØ?a ovary
naØ?alamak to form
naØynjar 1. pitiful, pathetic 2. plaintive, mournful
naØynsap unscrupulous; unconscionable
naØza bayonet
naØzalamak to prick; stab
nazar look, glance; view, sight
nazarkerde adj. representative
ne negative particle
nebere relatives
nebis profit; advantage; gain
nebisje– adj. mercenary
nebisje–lik self-interest; mercantilism
nebit 1. oil, petroleum 2. kerosene
nebit?i oil worker
nebitli adj. containing oil
nebsewŸr adj. mercenary
nebsewŸrlik self-interest; mercantilism
negr r. dark-skinned person
nejat going out; coming out; emergence
nejis 1. adj. foul, nasty 2. n. scoundrel
nem 1. moisture 2. mucus
nemes German
nemjiremek to be covered with mist
nemlenmek to be dampened
nemli 1. humid; moist; damp 2. slimy
nene– which? what?
nene–si which? what?
nepis elegant; graceful
nepislik elegance; grace
nerw r. nerve
nesibe fate, destiny
nesihat precept
nesil 1. generation 2. descendants, posterity
nesØe duty
neºir ediji publisher
neºir etmek to publish
neºir issuance, promulgation
neºirØat publishing house
neºirØat?y publisher
netije 1. result 2. conclusion
netijede consequently
netijeli effective; successful
netijelilik effectiveness
netijesiz ineffective; unsuccessful
nŠbelet unfamiliar, unknown
nŠbelet?ilik unfamiliarity
nŠbeletlik unfamiliarity
nŠbelli unknown
nŠbileØin unable to be known, unknowable
nŠ?e how much?
nŠ?elik of what number?
nŠ?enji which? what number?
nŠden how much?
nŠdogry wrong, incorrect
nŠgile dissatisfied; discontented; displeased
nŠgilelik dissatifaction; discontent; displeasure
nŠhak vain, futile
nŠhili 1. how? 2. what kind? what sort?
nŠhoº unhealthy, not well
nŠhoºlamak to become ill
nŠhoºlyk illness
nŠlaØyk unworthy
nŠlet curse; damnation, perdition
nŠletlemek to curse, to damn
nŠme Ÿ?in why
nŠme what?
nŠmede bolsa bir zat anything
nŠmŠlim unknown
nŠrazy dissatisfied
nŠrazy?ylyk wail, scream, outcry
nŠrazylyk dissatisfaction
nŠsag bolmak to be ill
nŠsag unhealthy, ill, sick
nŠsaglamak to become ill
nŠsaglyk illness
nŠtanyº unknown
nŠtanyºlyk ignorance
nŠtmek what to do?
nŠtŸØsli 1. how? 2. what kind? what sort?
nŠwagt when
nŠz 1. coquetry; flirting 2. whim; caprice
nŠzenin beautiful women; a beauty
nŠzik 1. tender; gentle; delicate 2. thin
nŠzirgemek 1. to flirt 2. to be capricious
nŠzli coquettish; flirtatious
nika marriage
nikalaºmak to marry
nil trunk (of a tree)
nire where? what place?
nirede where
niØet intention
niØetlemek to mean; intend; design (for)
nobat n. queue, turn-taking
nobat tutmak to queue up
nobat?y adj. on duty
nobat?ylyk n. duty
nobatdaky next; immediate at hand
nobatky next; immediate at hand
nogaØ Nogai (ethnicity of the Caucuses)
nogsan ?
nogta halter (for a horse)
nogtalamak to bridle a horse
nohut peas
nokat 1. dot 2. peroid (punctuation)
nokatma-nokat exactly
nol r. zero; naught
nomer r. number
nomerlemek r. to number
norma r. norm; standard
normal r. normal
nosilººik r. porter
nota r. note (musical); note (diplomatic)
notarius r. notary
notorial r. adj. notary (attribute)
noØabr r. November
noØba kidney beans
nukdaØnazar point of view
nur ray; beam
nurana good looking; handsome
nurbat screw
nusga 1. sample; specimen 2. copy 3. example
nyglamak to underline
nygtamak to emphasize
nyrh price, fee
nyrhlamak to appraise; evaluate; assess
nysan almak to take aim
nysan symbol/aim
nyºan 1. mark, sign 2. sign 3. badge
nyºana target; mark
nyºanalamak to take aim
nyzam 1. formation 2. marching
O
oba hojalygy agriculture
oba village
oba?ylyk territory where there are villages
obadaº people from the same village
obaly persons from village (attrib.)
oblast province
obraz hero (fictional)
oburmak to erode
oburylmak to be eroded
obØekt r. 1. object 2. building site
obØektiw r. objective; unbiased
o?erk essay; sketch
o?ko point (in a game)
odekolon r. cologne
odeØal r. blanket
odun wood
ofiser r. officer
ofiserlik officer's mess
ofisian r. waiter
oglan boy
oglan-u?ak little children
oglanlyk childhood
ogramak to thieve
ogrulyk theft
ogry thief
ogryn secret
ogryn?a imperceptibly; insensibly
ogºamak to kiss
ogºaºmak to kiss eachother
ogul son; boy
ogul-gyz boys and girls
ogulhajat ring finger
ogullyk adopted child
ogurlamak to steal
ogurlyk theft
oguºØa to be found (to be); to turn out (to be)
ojak 1. hearth 2. center; seat (of war)
ojar haloxylon
ok 1. arrow 2. axis
ok-dari ammunition
okamak to read, study
okatmak to teach
okdurylmak to dash; dart
okean r. ocean
okgunly rapidly; swiftly; promptly
okkupasiØa r. occupation
okkupirlemek to occupy
oklamak 1. to toss 2. to load; charge
oklaw rolling pin
oklukirpi porcupine
oktØabr October
okudyjy teacher
okuma whitlow
okuw studies
okuw?y pupil
okuwly educated
okyjy person who reads at the library
ol she, he, it
olar they
olimpiada r. olympiad
olja trophies; spoils (of war)
olluk possessive
olrug region
olta– sole of a shoe
olum ford; passage; crossing
omurmak to break
omuz shoulder
omzamak to emphasize; to stress
on ten
on?akly not very
onda then; so
ondan hem baºga in addition to; besides
ongunlyk ten days
onluk ten (noun)
onso– so then
onunjy tenth
onØyllyk ten years
onyan?a while; for the time being
o– success
o–armak to cope; deal; manage
o–at good
o–atlandyrmak to make something better
o–atlaºmak to become better
o–aØly favorable; propitious
o–aØsyz unfavorable; not propitious
o–lamak to agree
o–luk well-being; prosperity
o–ly good
o–mak to be satisfied
o––ut conditions
o–ºuk peace
o–ºukly peaceful
o–ºuksyz not peaceful
o–ºuksyzluk unrest
o–urga spine
o–uºmak to be compatible
opera r. opera
operasiØa r. operation
opmak broken (used for large things)
opurmak to destroy
opurylmak to be destroyed
opurylyºyk disruption; frustration
orak sickle
orak?y sickler
oramak cover
orbita r. orbit
orbital r. orbital
orden order; decoration
ordenli decorated person
orfografik r. orthographic
orfografiØa r. orthography; spelling
organ r, organ (biol.)
organik r. organic
organizm r. organism
orkestr r. orchestra
ormak to reap
ornaºdyrmak to inculcate
ornaºmak to work out; to settle down; to get fixed up
ornaºykly comfortably
ors Russian
ors?a Russian language
orsØet Russia
orta center; middle
orta?al average
ortak participle
ortaky middle (adj.)
ortanjy middle (adj.)
orun place
orunbasar deputy
orunbasary understudy
orunly local
osetin nationality
oslagsyz unexpected
oslamak to expect
osmak to suppose
ot 1. grass 2. fire
ot- ?šp twigs
ot- iØm feed
otag room
otamak to destroy (crops)
otarmak to feed grass (to cows etc.)
otctawka r. dismissal
otkrytka r. postcard
otlamak 1. to eat grass 2. to burn
otli?nik r. person at the top
otli?no r. excellent
otlu?šp match
otluk grassy area
otly train
otnositel relative
otnoºenie r. attitudes
otrisatel negative
otrØad detachment
otur comma
oturgy? chair
oturmak sit
oturtmak to plant
oturylyºyk meeting; party
oturymly local
otuz thirty
otuzynjy thirtieth
owadan beautiful
owadanlamak to make beautiful
owadanlanmak to be beautified
owadanlyk beauty
owarra "go away!" "go far!"
owarram "to hell with it!"
owaz sound
owaza 1. absolute pitch 2. rumour; hearsay
owazlanmak to be heard
owgan of Afghanistan
owkalamak to massage; to work up
owlak baby goat
owlaklamak to give birth to a goat
owmak to crumble
ownamak to become small
ownatmak 1. to make smal 2. to change money ( to break a bill)
ownuk little ; small
ownuk?yl petty; trifling
owranmak to crumble
owratmak to make something crumble
owu? a handful
owuntyk crumb
owurt gulp
oØ idea; thought
oØ-pikir serious ideas; deep thoughts
oØa awake
oØaly-ukuly half asleep; dozing
oØanmak to wake up
oØarmak to awaken; call
oØkamak 1. to rub 2. to grate; grind
oØkanjyramak to fidget
oØkanmak to rub oneself
oØlamak to suppose
oØlamazdan at random
oØlanma consideration
oØlanmak to reason; debate
oØlanyºykly well thought out; considered
oØlanyºyksyz not well thought out
oØlap tapmak to invent
oØlap tapyjy inventor
oØlyk oasis
oØmak 1. thimble 2. v. to hollow; chisel; gouge
oØnamak to play
oØnatgy laughing stock; butt of a joke
oØnawa? toy
oØtak naturally formed bakja
oØun game
oØun?y player
oØunjak toy
ozal before
ozaldan a long time in the past; from time immemorial
ozallar a long time ago
ozalynda at the very beginning
ozmak to overtake
…
š? vengeance
š?en extinct
š?gŸn matted, dull
š?mek to extinguish
š?Ÿgsi matt, dull
š?Ÿrmek to put out, to turn down (a fire or light)
š?Ÿrmek to switch off
šdek oesophagus; gullet
šdemek to vindicate
šermek to marry a man to someone else
šgemek to vomit
šjŸkdirmek to stir up against
šjŸkmek to become furious; to get mad
škde able; skillful
škdelemek to be able; capable
škje heel
škŸn? regret; sorrow
škŸnmek to pity; to regret
škŸz bull
šl wet
šl?eg size, measure
šl?emek to measure
šl?eØiº measurement
šldŸrmek to kill
šli dead
šlin?a until one dies; all one's life
šljermek to become wet
šllemek to wet
šlmek to die
šlmez-Øitmez immortal; timeless
šlºermek to cogitate, think hard about something
šlºŸk slaughter, butchery
šlŸm death
šlŸm derejesi death rate
šlŸm-Øitim deaths
šmŸr life
šmŸrlik lifelong, for life
šndŸrijilik productivity, output
šndŸrmek to produce
šnmek 1. to be born 2. to grow up, mature 3. to produce
šnŸm product
šnŸmcilik production
šnŸp-šsmek to grow up
š– 1. in the past 2. in the front
š– 1. ago, past 2. front
š–delik first place
š–den from many years ago, from time immemorial
š–in?Š earlier, before
š–ki previous, former
š–kŸlik previous situation
š––il year before last
š––in day before yesterday
š–Ÿnde in front of
š–Ÿrdiklemek to gallop
š–Ÿrti before, at first
š–Ÿrtmek to be the first, to leave behind
š–Ÿsyra before
špmek to kiss
špŸ?mek to kiss each other
špŸº kiss
šr to get up
šrdek duck
šrŠn very
šrgŸn eruption, rash
šrgŸnli typhys, spotted fever
šri pasture
šrk leash
šrklemek to tie, to leash, to fasten
šrkŸ? hump
šrmek 1. to knit 2. to braid 3. to break out (in a rash)
šrtmek to cover
šrŸzmek to wake someone up
šsdŸrmek to grow, cultivate
šsgŸn long
šsmek to grow, develop
šssŸrim fourteen
šsŸmlik n. plant
šsŸº growth, development
št bile, gall
šte very
šteg?i passerby
štelge passage
štelgesi mountain passage
šten last
štgŸr sharp
štmek 1. to cross, to go through 2. to burn
štri therefore, that's why
štunmenk to apologize
štŸn? apology
štŸn? soramak toapologize
štŸrmek to put through a hole, to thread
šwe? a lamb two years of age
šwelmek to gape
šweØ step- (mother, father), adopted
šwez compensation
šwgi praise
šwgn praise
šwlŸØa cemetery
šwmek to compliment; praise
šwre 1. times 2. round
šwrendekli 1. habit 2. chronic
šwreniºdirmek to familiarize
šwreniºmek to get used to; become accustomed
šwrenje novice; amateur
šwrenmek to learn
šwretmek to teach, instruct
šwrŸlip in the future; from now on; henceforth
šwrŸliºik overturn; revolution
šwrŸlmek 1. turn oneself over 2. to return
šwrŸm n. turn
šwºŸn šwŸºgin
šwŸlØŠ graveyard
šwŸnje– braggard
šwŸnje–lik boasting
šwŸnmek to boast; brag
šwŸrmek to turn something
šwŸsgin breeze
šwŸsmek to blow
šwŸºgin brilliance; shine
šwŸt-nesihat advisors
šØ hojalyk?y homemaker
šØ house; home
šØ-iºik family house
šØjŸk nest
šØke offence; injury
šØke-kine injuries; offences
šØkelek touchy; sensitive
šØkelemek to be offended; take offence
šØkeli offended; hurt
šØken lung
šØkŸnmek to imitate, to mimic
šØle afternoon
šØle/šØlŠn afternoon
šØlendirmek to marry a man to someone else
šØlenmek to get married (for a man only)
šØlŠn afternoon
šØtmek to suppose, to think
šz himself; herself
šz kelle self-centered
šz-šzŸnden to occur without help
šzara between two people, mutual
šzbaºdak independent
šzbaºdaklyk independence, self-rule
šzbaºy–a wilfullness
šzbek Uzbek
šzboluºly original; distinctive; peculiar
šzelenmek to pray; plead; beg
šzen- nucleus; core
šzge another
šzgeriº change; something new
šzgeriºlik changes; alterations
šzgermek to be altered or changed
šzgertmek to alter; change ; vary
šzleºdirmek to cope; assimilate; master
šzluk gram. passive
šzmek to repay a debt
šzŸm myself
šzŸni alyp baryº behavior, conduct
šzŸ–e ?ekmek to attract
P
pa?ak peel, rind
pagta cotton
pahna wedge
pahyr wretch
pajalamak to prosper, thrive
pak empty
paket r. packet
pakgar?ak blister, bump
pakgarmak to swell
pakyrdamak to laugh loudly
pal yawn
palak rotten
palan r. horsecloth
palas r. thin rug
palata r. chamber (of Parliment)
palatka r. tent
pal?yk mud, clay
pal?ykyldamak to make muddy
pallamak to yawn
palta axe
paltalamak to chop with an axe
palto r. overcoat
pamyk absorbant cotton
panorama r. panorama
pansion r. pension
panys torch, flashlight
pa–kelle fool
pa–lamak to brag
papak cap
papiros r. Russian cigarette
papka r. folder
para bribe
parahat peace
parahat?ylyk peace
parahatlanmak to make peaceful
parahatlyk peace
parahor briber
paramak 1. to reveal oneself 2. to crack
parasat wisdom
par?a scrap
par?alamak to scrap
parh difference
parhlandyrmak to differentiate
parhly bolmak to distinguish
parhly distinctive
parhsyz indifferent
park r. park
parkyldamak to plumpen, fatten
parkyldy fattened
parlak sunshine, radiance
parlamak to radiate
parran throughout, through and through
parta r. desk
partisan r. partisan
partiØa r. party (political)
partladyjy fuse
partlama explosion
partlamak to explode
pasport r. passport
passiw r. passive
pasyl season
pasyrdamak 1. to soar 2. to wave
pasyrdyr fluctuation
paº exposure
paºmak 1. to realize 2. anat. sole (of foot)
pata blessing
patlamak to hit, strike
patrak fried corn
patydyr stamping
patyºa kind
paØ r. portion
paØa r. by portions
paØawlamak to finish
paØ?y shareholder
paØdyrmak to trample
paØhas wisdom
paØhasly wise
paØlamak to divide
paØlanmak to be divided
paØlasºmak to divide
paØtagt capital
paØyº abusive
paza ploughshare
pazyl feathers, lashes
pe? etmek to bake
pe?at r. seal, stamp
pe?atlamak to seal, stamp
pe?ek zool. field loach (fish)
pe?enØe r. cookies
pedal r. pedal
pedelemek to package
pekge dunce, dolt
pel border
pel ?ekmek to demarcate
pelle finish
pellehana finish
pelte wick
peltek mispronunciation
pelteklemek to mispronounce
pena covering, defense
penalamak to defend, shelter
penalanmak to defend oneself
penje 1. tassle 2. paw
penjek coat, jacket
penjelemek 1. to snatch 2. to fight, scuffle
penjire window
pensiØa r. pension
penºenbe Wednesday
pent 1. lecture 2. admonition
per feather
perbaØsyz indifferent
perde 1. curtain 2. membrane 3. action, activity
peresadka r. transplantation
perewod r. translation
perhaØlyk indifference
perik spinning wheel
periºan bolmak to be upset
periºde angel
perizat beautiful woman
pero r. feather
perron r. platform
pers-ala shot up, wounded
persona£h r. personage
personal r. personal
perspektiv r. perspective
pert firm
pes 1. short, low 2. undistinguished
peseletmek to decrease
peseltme reduction
peseltmek to reduce
pesinden a little at a time
peslemek to decrease
peslik n. decrease
pessaØlamak to land an airplane
peºehorda sore, ulcer
peºeº gift
peºew urine
pet 1. bravery 2. starch
petde pack, small stack
pete-pet face to face
petek anat. inner sole
peteke crop
pete– etmek to be tired, fed up with
petilemek to lock
petir r. unleavened bread
petiº stuffy, sultry
petiºlik stuffiness
petle r. loop, stitch
petlemek to stitch up
petretmek to stare
peØa r. landscape
peØda bolmak to emerge
peØda n. use
peØdalanmak to make oneself useful
peØdaly useful
peØdasyz useless
peØnir cheese
peØwagtna 1. in one's way 2. idle, aimless
peØwent etmek 1. to inoculate 2. to graft
pŠendeki "paendeky", a winter melon
pŠhim reason
pŠhimli reasonable
pŠk pure, clean, clear
pŠki razor
pŠkize clean
pŠkizelik cleanliness
pŠklik honesty
pŠl intention
pŠlwan fighter, hero
pŠsgel bermek to bother
pŠsgel?ilik obstacles
pianino r. piano
pianist r. pianist
pida sacrifice
pide haydust
pijama r. pajamas
pikerdeº like-minded
pikir 1. thought, idea, opinion 2. intention, purpose
pikir etmek to think
pikirlenmek to think
pil I. elephant II. shovel
pil?e shoulder blade
pile cocoon
pilot r. pilot
pilotka r. female pilot
pionir r. pioneer
pionirlyk r. pioneer days
pirim trick, strategem, artifice
pirog r. cake
piro£ny r. little cakes
pis 1. bad 2. suffering
pisint oturmak to like
pislemek to go bad
pisse pistachio
pistolet r. pistol
piºek crutch
piºik cat
piºme r. fried bread
piti pot
pitiki n. crack
pitikilemek 1. to click one's tongue 2. to snap one's fingers
pitirdemek 1. to vomit 2. to crawl away
pitne mutiny, rebellion
pitnesi rebel
piwa r. beer
plakat r. poster, placard
plan r. plan
planaºdyrmak r. to plan
planeta r. planet
planetara r. between planets
planly r. planned
planlyk r. planning
plastilin r. plasticine
plastinka r. vinyl record
plaº r. raincoat
platforma r. platform
pleØonka r. film, roll of film
plita r. 1. slab 2. stove, range
plomwa r. filling (for a tooth)
plomwalamak r. to seal, fill in
plug r. plow
plØa£ r. beach
plØus r. plus
po?erk r. hand-writing
po?ta mail, post
po?talon r. mailman
podoº r. anat. sole
podpole r. n. underground
podpole?nyØ r. adj. underground
podrazdelenie r. subdivision
podwal r. cellar, basement
podØezd r. 1. driveway, entrance 2. porch
poema r. poem
poeztik r. poetic
pogon r. shoulder strap
pokryºka r. cover, lid
pol r. 1. floor 2. half 3. sex
pola£hitel r. affirmative
polat steel
poliklinika r. polyclinic
politeknika r. polytechnic
polk r. 1. regiment 2. shelf
polkownik r. colonel
pollamak 1. to lay, spread 2. to pave
polotenste r. towel
polotno r. linen
polØak r. Pole
polØar r. polar
polØus r. pole, terminal
pomidor r. tomato
populØar r. popular
poroºak r. powder
porsy stench, stink
porsyn r. bed sheet
porºen r. portion
port 1. brittle, frail, fragile 2. r. port
portfel r. briefcase
portret r. portrait
portsiØa r. portion
portugal r. Portugal
pos rust
posly rusty
possun fur (coat)
post r. 1. post 2. fast (religious)
posulka r. parcel
posØolok r. settlement
potolok r. ceiling
potrat?ylyk contract
potratlaØyn piece (of work)
powest r. story
powestka r. summons
pozitsiØa r. position
pškgi 1. ball 2. chubby, plump
pškremek to swell
pškretmek to inflate
praktika r. practice
predmet r. object
premera r. premier
prentsip r. principle
preparat r. preparation
pres-konferentisiØa r. press conference
preslemek to press
prezent child, baby
prezi queen (in chess)
prezident r. president
prezidium r. presidium
printsipal r. of principle
pristan r. pier, quay
pristawka r. prefix
priz r. prize
problema r. problem
professional r. professional
professor r. professor
profsoØuz r. trade union
prognoz r. prognosis
programa r. program
progres r. progress
progressiw r. progressive
progul etmek to shirk
progul truancy
projhektor r. searchlight
prokuratura r. office of the public prosecutor
prokuror r. public prosecutor
proletariat r. proletariat
proletor r. proletarian
propaganda r. propoganda
propagandirlemek r. to propagate
propusk r. omission, blank, absence
prospekt r. avenue
protest r. protest
protez r. artificial limb
protokol r. protocol
protsent r. percent
protses r. process
prowlenie r. 1. government 2. management, board, administration
prowodnik r. guide, conductor
prowokatsiØa r. provocation
proØekt r. project, plan
proØektirlemek to project
proza r. prose
proza?i r. prose writer
pru£in r. spring, source
pu? empty, hollow
pudak branch, twig
pudaklamak to branch out
pugta 1. firm, solid, long-lasting, durable 2. serious
pugtalandurmak 1. to consolidate 2. to stabilize
pugtalyk firmness
pukara n. poor
pukaralyk poverty
pul money
pulemØot r. machine gun
punkt r. 1. station, place 2. point, item
punktuatsiØa punctuation
pursat time, moment
puºman etmek to regret, pity
puºman getermek to compel
puºman regret, pity
putØowka r. pass, permit
pŸr crown
pŸrepŸr overcrowded, overflowing
pŸrepŸrlemek to overfill
pŸrkmek splash, shuffle, sprinkle
pŸrs 1. hollow 2. beam
pØan drunk
pØure r. puree
py?ak knife, blade
py?aklamak to knife, stab
py?gy saw
pygamber prophet
pygyl intention, design, purpose
pykyrdamak 1. to seethe 2. to chuckle, giggle
pylan a certain, some
pylan?a a certain (time, amount)
pyl?amak to crack, strike
pyntyk 1. bud 2. kidney
pyntyklamak 1. to enlist, recruit 2. to dial (telephone)
py–kyrmak to leap
pyrlamak 1. to twist, twirl 2. to roll up
pyrlanmak to twist oneself
pyssarmak 1. to wither, fade 2. to give up hope
pyºbaga turtle
pyºdyl turtle
pyºyrdamak to whisper
pyºyrdy whisper
pytramak 1. to crumble 2. to disperse
pyØada by foot
pyØadalamak to go by foot
pyØaluºka little cup
pyzmak to hurl, fling
R
radio r. radio
radionpryomnik r. receiving set
radiostantsiØa r. radio station
radiouzel r. radio center
radist r. radio operator
radius r. radius
rahat 1. peace 2. peaceful; quiet
rahat peaceful
rahatlanmak to calm down; subside; become quiet
rahatlyk rest; repose; peace
rahatsyzlandyrmak to alarm; disquiet; disturb
rahatsyzlanmak to be upset; anxious; alarmed
raketa r. rocket
raport r. raport
ras?Øot r. calculation; estimation; settlement of accounts
raspisaniØe r. schedule
ratsiona?ylyk r. rationality
ratsionalizator rationalist
raund r. round (of a competition)
raØat nationality; citizenship
raØat- bolmak to become a citizen
raØdaº someone in sympathy with others
raØdaºlyk solidarity
raØon r. region
razrØad r. category; class
razwedka r. 1. geol, prospecting 2. reconnaissance party 3. secret service
razwedka?y r. 1. scout 2. secret service officer, intelligence officer
razØlyk 1. contentment ; satisfaction 2. agreement
razy 1. content ; satisfied 2. agreeable
razy bolmazlyk disagreement
razy in agreement with
razylaºmak 1. to make an agreement 2. to forgive 3. to reconcile
razylaºmak to agree
razylyk harmony
reaksion r. reactionary
reaksiØa r. reaction
reaktiw r. reactive
real r. real
realistik r. realistic
realizm r. realism
redaksion r. editing
redaksiØa r. editorial staff
redaktirlemek r. to edit
redaktor r. editor
redaktorlyk r. editorship
rediska r. radish
reforma r. reform
regbi r. rugby
regbi?i r. rugby player
registrasiØa r. registration
registratura r. registry
registrirlemek r. to register
regulirlemek r. to regulate
regulØar r. regular
rehim pity, compassion
rehimdar generous, compassionate, sorrowful
rehimli generous, compassionate, sorrowful
rehimsiz ruthless, heartless, soulless
reje 1. sign, feature, characteristic 2. order, way, conditions
rejelemek to bring, lead, result in
rejeli accurate, punctual, neat, tidy
reklama r. advertisement
rekomendasiØa r. recommendation
rekord r. record
rektor r. president, rector, chancellor
rektorlyk r. rectorship
rels r. rails, track
remont r. repair(s)
rende plane
rendelemek to plane
rentgen r. X-ray(s)
re–be-re– multi-colored
re–k 1. paint 2. color
re–klemek to paint, color
re–kli colorful, colored
repetisiØa r. rehearsal
replika r. replica
resmi official, formal
resmileºdirmek to form, shape, legalize
respublika r. republic
respublikan r. republican
restoran r. restaurant
resurs r. resource
ret etmek to deflect, dissuade, reject
retsept r. recipe
rewolØusion r. revolutionary
rewolØusiØa r. revolution
reØs r. flight, voyage, trip
rezerw r. reserve(s)
rezhim r. regime
rezhissØor r. stage manager
rezin r. rubber
rezolØusiØa r. resolution
rŠhnet 1. well-being 2. bliss
rŠhnetli blissful
rifma r. rhyme
rol r. part, role
rolik r. roller
rom r. rhombus
roman r. novel
rota r. company
rowa bolmak to be worthy
rowa worthy, well-deserved
rowa? successful, good
rowa?lanmak to attain success
rowaØat legend, story
roØal r. grand piano
ršwºen radiant, brilliant, light, joyful
ru?ka r. pen
rugsat permission
ruh I. soul, spirit, mood II. r. rook (of chess)
ruh spirit, soul
ruhlandyrmak to inspire
ruhlanmak to feel inspired
ruhubelent inspired
ruhubelentlik inspiration
ruhy spiritual, mental, ecclesiastical, religious
rul r. steering wheel
rumyn r. Romanian
rus Russian
rus?a Russian language
rus?alamak to speak in Russian
rØadowoØ 1. r. ordinary 2. r. private (class of soldier)
rØukzak r. rucksack,backpack
S
sabamak 1. to diminish 2. to release, to get rid of 3. to be empty
sabyn soap
sabynlamak to wash with soap
sabyr et "God bless you" (said after a sneeze)
sabyr patience
sabyrly patient
sabyrlylyk patience
sa? hair
sa? šrŸmi braid, plait
sada 1. simple 2. sincere
sadalyk simplicity
sadap button
sag aman safely
sag I. health sag bol!=be healthy/thank you! II. right
sag-gurgun sag-gurgun gezip Øšremek=to be in a good mood, healthy
sagalmak to recover
sagat I.healthy II. 1. watch 2. hour
sagatlyk hour's worth
sagdyn healthy
sagdynlaºdyrmak to cure, treat, take care of
sagdyrmak to make someone milk a cow
saglyk health
sagmak to milk
sagry back of a horse/donkey
sagym mirage
sagym?y milkmaid
sagynmak to pause, hesitate, delay
sahap cover
sahna stage
sahypa page
sak vigilant, watchful
saka divide, watershed
sakar kelle bald
sakaw stutterer
sak?y watchman
sakgal beard
saklamak 1. to keep 2. to store 3. to detain 4. to take care of, oversee, act as a guardian 5. to retain 6. to support 7. to keep from someone 8. to make someone do something
saklanan second-hand
saklanmak to restrain one's self
saklaØyº upkeep, maintenence
sakydamak to tweet sakyrdama!=shut up!
sakynmak to stutter
sakyrtga skin burrowing animal, chigger
sal raft
sala advice
salam hi
salamlaºmak to greet, say "hi"
salat r. salad
salawmaleØkim may peace be upon you
saldamly heavy, ponderous
salfetka r. napkin
salgamak to wave, flap
salgy atmak to find out about
salgylanmak to refer to, cite
salgym mirage
salgyt tribute, payment, tax salgyt tšlemek=to pay taxes
salkym bunch, cluster bir salym ŸzŸm=a bunch of grapes
salkyn cool
salkynlamak to become cool
sallah bachelor
sallamak to lower, cast down, drop, hang
sallan?ak 1. crib 2. swing
sallanmak 1. to hang 2. to be hung
salmak 1. to place, put 2. to build jaØ salmak=to build a house 3. iºe salmak=to help someone get a job 4. abraØdan salmak=to dishonor 5. to pretend not to bilmezlege salmak=to pretend not to know, gšrmezlege salmak=to pretend not to see
salparmak to dangle
salpy dangling
salØut r. salute
salyhatly serious
salykatly to be courteous
salym one moment bir salym aØak ?ekmek=to stop for one moment
samahylamak to chatter
saman straw saman kelle=stupid
sambo wrestling
samolØot r. airplane
samramak to mutter, mumble
samsyk fool, stupid
samsyklyk foolishness
samyrdy mutterings, mumblings
san 1. number 2. amount 3. score 4. cardinal numbers 5. ordinal numbers 6. weight
san-cyz 1. a great number of something 2. person who has lost his authority, credibility, or honor
san-sajak a lot, an exaggerated amount
sana? 1. leather bag 2. bellows
sanamak to count
sanandarlyk musucianship
sanaºmak to talk back
sanatoriØa r. sanatorium, resort
san?mak to stab with a dagger
sandyk chest, hope chest
sandyramak to tremble, shake, shudder
sandyrawuk trembling, shaking
sani r. sled
sanitar r. male nurse
sanjak safety pin
sanjamak to prick
sanjy colic
sanly counted
sansyz-sanjak-syz a lot
sa–almak sa–alyp durmak=to stop numb/ stop dead
sa––yldamak sandyramak=to shake, shiver
sap I. 1. cunning 2. shrewdness 3. temptation 4. a row II. 1. pure, clean 2. morally pure III. handle
sap sary yellowest
sapa enjoyment, delight, pleasure
sapak I. thread II. lesson
sapalk evasion
sapaly merry, happy, blessed
sapar I. time indiki sapar=next time II. trip, journey
saplamak to clarify, purify, leanse
saplanmak to be cleaned, purified
sapmak 1. to thread a needle 2. to immunize a plant 3. to combine
sar starling bird
sarag bandage
saralmak 1. to become yellow 2. to make yellow
saramak 1. to spin 2. to wrap 3. to tie
sar? cowardly
sargamak 1. to confide 2. to order
sargyt commission, message, mission sargyt etmek=to go on a mission
sarkmak to drip
sarkyrmak to make something drip
sarmak sargamak=1. to confide 2. to order
sarnamak to mutter, mumble
sarp etmek to consume
sarpa goØmak to respect
sarpa respect
sarsdyrmak to shove, to shake
sarsgyn shoving, shaking
sarsmak 1. to shudder 2. to quiver
sarsmaz indestructible,, untouchable, proud
sary yellow
sarykmak to dry
sarymsyk garlic
saryØag clarified butter, ghee
saryØagyz sallow, yellowish
sataºmak to meet someone
satmak 1. to sell 2. to betray
satyjy seller
satyn almak to buy
satynalmak to sell
saw?y machmaker
saw?ylar matchmaker
saw?ylyk matchmakerness
saØ sandbank, shoal
saØgarmak to distinguish
saØgylamak to whip
saØhallaºdyrmak to put in order, organize
saØlama 1. selected, chosen 2. choice
saØlamak to choose
saØlanan chosen
saØlanmak 1. to be chosen
saØlaw election
saØlaw?y voter, elector
saØlow election, vote
saØmak I. 1. to consider 2. to think II. 1. to tousle, churn up 2. to beat up
saØpallamak to subside, hall, decrease
saØrak singing saØrak guº=singing bird
saØramak to sing
saz I. music, musical II. accurate, intact
sazak type of tree
sazanda musician
sazandar musician
saz?ylyk adj. music saz?ylyk mekdebi=music school
sazlamak to make accurate, intact
sazlaºyk concordant, accordant
sazly musical, with music
sebŠbi because
sebŠp cause, reason
sebŠpkŠr guilty person
sebŠpli 1. reasonable 2. with an alabi
sebŠpsiz 1. unreasonable 2. without an alabi
se?ek fringe
se?ekli fringed
se?me bullet
se?mek 1. to shatter 2. to choose
segezdan wanderer, vagabond
segsen eighty
segseninji eightieth
seh r. shop, guild
seki porch
sekiz eight
sekizinji eighth
sekmek to appear, emerge
sekretar r. seretary
seksiØa r. section
sekunt r. second
sel?en seyØrek=seldom
sel?enlemek seØreklemek=to diminish, reduce
sele– 1. space 2. coolness
sele–lemek to go out into coolness
seljermek to distinguish, determine
selle turban
sellem bir sellem=a little bit
sellofan r. cellophane
sellØuloza r. cellulose
selpemek 1. to trot 2. to look for
sem bolmak to pause, hesitate sem bol!=shut up!
semawar r. samovar, water boiler
semek to weigh, to hang out, spread out
semelemek to fumble
sememek to fumble
sement r. cement
sementlemek to cement
seminar r. seminar
semiz fat, plump
semizlik fatness, girth, obesity
semremek to fatten, gain weight
semretmek 1. to get fat 2. to put on weight
sen you
senagat industry
sene date
senemere ediºmek to quarrel
senet 1. trade, craft 2. occupation
senet?i master, skilled person
senet?ilik master
seni–?e your way, in your style
senitmeter r. centimeter
senlik Øš–keme "you" pronoun
sentner r. sentner (100 kg.)
sentØabr September
se–kildemek to leap
se––er rampart, bank, wall
se–rik bridge of the nose
se–se brain-damaged from and explosion
se–selemek to faint
se–selik confusion, bruise
sep I. 1. seam, joint 2. row, line, file, series II. dowry
sepelemek 1. to shatter 2. to drizzle 3. to spray
sepgil freckle
sepgit 1. joint 2. hem
sepikdirmek to cut out
sepikmek to retreat
sepiºmek to join, connect
seplemek 1. to join, connect 2. to weld
sepmek I. 1. to sprawl 2. to fold down II. 1.to sprinkle 2. to shatter
sepºik de– bšlemek to cut along the grain
serb r. Serb, Serbian
ser?e sparrow
ser?i sparrow
serdar leader
serenjam gear, equipment
seresap careful seresap bol=be careful
seresaply carefully
seretmek 1. to look at 2. to look after 3. to stare 4. to glare
sereØa series
sergezdan bum, vagrant
sergezdan?ylyk hermitage, state of being a vagabond
sergezdanlyk hermitage, state of being a vagabond
sergi exhibition, show
serhet border
serhet?i border guard
serhoº drunkard
seriºde means, remedy
serkerde commander, general
sermek to spread out
sersag sober
sersaglyk sobriety
serzhant r. sergeant
ses 1. sound 2. voice 3. noise
ses-ŸØn sounds
seslenmek 1. to be heard 2. to respond
sesli I. andj. sound, talking II. loud, noisy
sessiØa r. session
sessiz 1. silent 2. mute
setilemk to line up, to put in lines, rows
setin r. satin
setir 1. line 2. row
setka r. net
seØalka seeder
seØil walking, revelry stroll, roam, wander
seØis horse jockey
seØislemek to train a horse
seØran etmek to roam, stroll, wander
seØrek 1. rare, seldom 2. unusual
seØreklemek to diminish, reduce
sezewar bolmak to face difficulties and overcome them
sŠginmek to pause, hesitate, stop
sŠhel a little, slightly
sŠhel?e a liitle, slight
sŠher dawn
sŠhra steppe
sŠwlik occasion
sfera r. shpere
shema r. scheme
sifr r. figure, number
sifrlemek to count, to figure
signal r. signal
sil flood
silindr r. cylinder
silkmek 1. to shake 2. to brush off
silos r. hay
siloslamak to make hay
siltemek to jolt or shake
sim wire, clothesline
simap mercury
simbol r. symbol
simlemek to become infected
sindirmek to digest
sink r. zinc
sinonim r. synonym
sintaksis r. syntax
sintaktik r. synthetic
sintenjiremek to fidget
sintez r. synthesis
sinus r. sinus
si–dirmek 1. to absorb 2. to digest
si–e attentively
si–ek fly
si–mek 1. to be absorbed 2. to be digested
si––itli 1. to be drizzled 2. soft food
sirk r. circus
sirke I. lice eggs II. vinegar
sirkul r. circle
sistema r. system
sistemleºdirmek to systemize
sisterna r. cistern
siºenbe Wednesday
sitada r. quotation
sitirlemek to quote
siØdik wine
siz you (pl.)
sizing?e your way, as you would (pl.)
skafandr helmut
sklad r. storehouse
skulptor r. sculptor
skulptora r. sculpture
skwar r. alley
skwazhina r. motorized water pump
slawØan r. Slavic
slesar r. plumber
slØot r. congress
smena r. period, shift
smirno r. at attention
snaØard missle
sogan onion
sogap good deed
sogurmak to pull out
sojamak to gasp
sokgarylmak to be snoopy
sokjamak to suck
sokmak to insert
soky pestle
soldat r. soldier
soldatlyk soldierhood
solgun pale, faded
solmak 1. to fade 2. to wilt
somsa r. meatpie
so– 1. later, after, then 2. continuing 3. end
so–abaka adv. later
so–ky final, last
so–lamak to complete, finish
so–ra later
so–raundan after
sorag 1. question 2. interrogation
sorag bermek to question
sorag question
soragcyz unquestionable
soramak to ask, question
soraºmak to ask someone a question
sorgu? tissue paper
sorkuldmak to throb,beat
sormak 1. to suck 2. to absorb
sort r. sort, kind, variety
sortdurmak to be angry
sortlamak to sort
sosial r. social
sosialism r. socialism
sosialstik r. socialistic
sosiska r. sausage link
sostaw r. staff
sowa by-passed, missed
sowal question
sowamak 1. to cool 2. to become disinterested
sowat literacy
sowatly literate
sowatmak to become literate
sowatsyz illiterate
sowatsyzlyk illiteracy
sowet r. advice
sowgat president
sowhoz state farm
sowly successful
sowmak 1. to consume 2. to divert 3. to urn around 4. to complete
sowsuzlyk failure
sowuk cold
sowuk-sala sloppy
sowukganly old-blooded
sowukganlylyk cold-bloodedness
sowuklamak to catch a cold
sowuklatmak to give someone a cold
sowuklyk cold
sowulmak 1. to turn 2. to finish 3. to by-pass, to avoid
sowurmak 1. to have a dust storm 2. to blow money carelessly
soØmak 1. to skin 2. to scratch 3. to cut off
soØulmak 1. to shed hair 2. to flake (skin)
soØuz union
sšbeºmek to fight
sšbŸk hill
sše supporter (thing)
sšgmek 1. to scold, curse, abuse 2. to swear at
sšgŸn? obsenity, swear word
sšgŸºmek to quarrel
sšhbet chat, discussion
sšhbetdeº conversation partner
sškmek 1. to take apart 2. to rip out a seam 3. to plow 4. to reinvestigate
sškŸlmek to rip out a seam
sšlpi absent-minded, sloppy
sšmelmek to be dumb-founded, numb
sšndŸrmek to extinguish, turn off the light
sšnen extinct
sšnmek to fade
sšw-sšw with syryp Øšremek=to hang out
sšwda commerce, trade
sšwda etmek to make a trade
sšwdagar trader, merchant, businessman
sšwdalaºmak to bargain, haggle
sšweº battle
sšweºjen militant, energetic
sšweºlyk militancy
sšweºmek to fight
sšwmek to swear (curse)
sšwŸt willow
sšØemek to lean
sšØenmek to be leaning
sšØget support
sšØgi love
sšØguli favorite
sšØli favorite, beloved
sšØmek to love
sšØnji gift to the bearer of good news
sšØnmek to be happy
sšØŸºmek to love one another
sšz 1. word, introduction 2. conversation 3. speech 4. promise
sšzbaºy preface, title
sšzlem sentence
sšzlemek to speak
sšzleºmek to arrange
sšzlŸk dictionary
sšzlŸklik little dictionary
sšzso–y preposition
spartakiØada r. olympics
spasiba r. thank you
spektakl r. spectile
spesalist r. specialist
spirit rubbing alcohol
spisok r. the least
sport r. sport
sportmen r. sportsman
sprawka r. permission
spwa£ga 1. pocket money 2. reason
stadion r. stadium
stakan r. glass
stanok r. loom
stansiØa r. station
starºina the oldest in the group
start r. beginning (n.)
stazh r. tenure
sterzhen r. ink cartrige
stil r. style
stol r. table
strahowanie r. insurance
student r. student
studentlyk studenthood
stul r. chair
subut bolmak to be proven
subut etmek to prove, make clear
subutnama proof
sud r. court
sudlaºmak to sue
sudur outline
sudØa judge
sugun deer
sugun?ylyk raising deer
sumat bolmak to disappear 2. to disguise 3. to conceal
sumka r. bag
sungat art
surat 1. picture 2. photographg
surat?y artist
suratlandyrma description
suratlandyrmak to depict, describe
suraty illustrated
surnukmak to suffer, to be tortured
susak ladle
susgu? shovel
susmak to scoop
sustupes exhausted, frustrated
suºilka dryer
suw 1. water 2. watery
suwag stucco plaster
suwamak to plaster
suwarmak to water
suwarym watering
suwasty underwater
suwjarmak 1. to soak 2. to sentimentalize over
suwlamak to spray
suwsamak to be thirsty
suwuk thin, fluid
suwuklyk liquid (n.)
suwul?u sprayer
suwulgan lizard
sŸbce broom
sŸbcelemek to sweep
sŸem barmak pointer finger
sŸl?hi detective
sŸle oats
sŸlenmek to crown, swarm
sŸlgŸn phesant
sŸllermek to fade
sŸllŸmbaØ to be wet, to be soaked
sŸlŸk leech
sŸmek earlobe
sŸmgŸrmek to blow one's nose
sŸmmek to creep into, get into
sŸmmŸl stalk
sŸmsŸnmek to walk, stroll
sŸnbŸl stalk of wheat
sŸnnet circumcision
sŸ–k bone
sŸpŸrmek 1. to sweep 2. to wipe
sŸr?ek ice-crusted, slippery
sŸren den, cave, lair
sŸrgŸn etmek to exile
sŸrgŸn exile
sŸri 1. herd, flock 2. group, crowd
sŸrmek 1. to drive 2. to till
sŸrtenmek to rub
sŸrtmek to rub in
sŸrŸgi driver
sŸrŸm tillage
sŸsdŸrilmek to run into something
sŸsmek to butt, gore
sŸtem pressure, oppression
sŸtŸk fur
sŸtŸkli furry
sŸtŸn column, pillar
sŸu goºamak to feel sick 2. to be numb
sŸu organism, constitution
sŸØdemdirijiler animal
sŸØgeºik swampy, marshy
sŸØgeºiklik swamp, marsh
sŸØjemek to be sweet
sŸØji 1. sweet, sugary 2. fresh water 3. pleasant 4. sweets, candy
sŸØji?il sweet tooth
sŸØkemek to rub, grate
sŸØkenmek 1. to rub, itch oneself 2. to pester, annoy
sŸØndŸrmek 1. to stretch out 2. to extend, prolong
sŸØnmek 1. to stretch out, recline 2. to extend
sŸØpent rudder, wheel, handle bar
sŸØremek to pull out
sŸØrenjen to be at the end
sŸØrenjiler reptiles
sŸØrenmek 1. to creep, to crawl 2. to be at the end
sŸØri oblong
sŸØºmek to move
sŸØºŸrmek to move something
sŸØt milk
sŸØtdeº native, own, blood, true
sŸØtli milky. dairy
sŸØŸm fiber
sٯټmek 1. to move 2. to move forward
sŸzgu? filter
sŸzme yogurt
sŸzmek to strain, filter
sŸzŸlmek 1. to wear out 2. to stick togehter, close eyes from fatigue
sy?an mouse
sy?ramak 1. to spray, splash 2. to stand on someone's feet suddenly (?)
sy?ratmak to splash, spray
sygmak to find room
sygym capacity
sygyr cow
sygyrmak to whistle
syhalamak to slice, cut with a sharp edge
syk thick, density
syklyk density
sykmak to squeeze, press
sykyklyk whistling
sylag 1. respect, honor 2. gift 3. reward
sylamak to respect
sylaºyk mutual respect
syn etmek to stare, observe
syn survey, review
syn-syn on end (as hair)
synag test, trial
synamak to test, experience, undergo, try, attempt
synanmak to try, attempt
synanyºyk attempt
syn?gamak to pick, poke
syn?gylawuk hiccup syn?gylawugy– tutmak=to hiccup
syn?y 1. alert, shrewd, sharp 2. surveyor, reviewer
syndyrmak to destroy, abolish, annul
synlamak to watch, observe
synmak to abolish
synp class, caste
synpy class (struggle)
synthetika r. synthetic
sy–ral hoof
sypal straw, thatch
sypalamak to smooth, to pet
sypalga reason, cause
sypa–-serme– sypa–-serme– etmek=to be haughty, to spoil (a child)
sypat I. 1. appearance 2. quality II. adjective
sypatlandyrmak to depict, describe
sypaØ?ylyk politeness, courtesy
sypaØ?ylykly courteously , with courtesy
sypaØy 1. courteous 2. elegant
sypdyrmak 1. to miss, let go, let escape 2. to miss 3. to say something accidentally
sypjyrmak to scratch
sypjyryk scratch
sypmak 1. to release, escape 2. to get rid of 3. to make a mistake
sypynmak to have free time
sypyrmak to peel, tear off
syr secret, mystery
syramak I. to circle, whirl, spin (sand or snow) II. to sew a blanket, to quilt
syrat appearance, figure
syratly slender, slim
syr?a enamel
syrdambitin unspoiled
syrdaº favorite
syrgyn I. blizzard, snowstorm II. row of houses
syrkaw 1. ill 2. ill person
syrkawlamak to fall ill, to ache
syrkawlyk disease, illness
syrkyramak to ache
syrly weird, mysterious
syrma knot, noose
syrmak 1. to sweep 2. to shave
syrt 1. backside 2. bottom (anatomical)
syrtartmak to grin, jeer
syrtky back (adj.)
syryk pole
syrykdyrmak to divert one's attention, to digress
syrykmak to flow, leak, stream
syrylmak diffused, to diffuse (?)
syØa ink
syØahat etmek to travel
syØahat trip, journey, travels
syØahat?y traveller
syØasat politics, policy
syØasat?y politician
syØasy political
syzlamak to ache, throb
syzmak I. 1. to feel 2. to have a premonition II. to ooze
º
ºa king, shah
ºabyrdamak to pour, flow, spread
ºadyØan merry
ºadyØanlyk merriment
ºagal jackal
ºagala– merriment
ºagala–ly gay, merry, cheerful
ºagga quickly, soon
ºaggyldamak to make a noise, rustle
ºaggyldy noise, rustle
ºaglawuk waterfall
ºagyrdamak to rustle, make a noise
ºagyrdy rustle, noise, sound
ºah horn (of an animal)
ºaha branch
ºahadatnama certificate
ºahalak branchy
ºahalamak to branch out
ºahly horned
ºahra poetess
ºahs personality, identity
ºahsy personal
ºahsyØet personality, identity
ºahta r. mine, pit
ºahta?y r. miner
ºahtØor r. miner
ºahyr poet
ºahyrlyk poetic works, creations
ºakŠse bowl
ºakgalamak to split
ºakgyrdamak to rumble
ºakgyrdatmak to rumble
ºakgyrdy rumble
ºalgam turnip
ºalpy-ºara– 1. complete 2. wet, moist
ºalpyldamak to splash
ºalpyldy splash
ºaly adj. rice
ºan glory, fame
ºan-ºšhrat glory
ºanly famous
ºa–lamak to ring, jingle
ºa––yrdamak to ring, jingle
ºa––yrdy peal, chime
ºapak glow of dusk, glow of dawn
ºapba quickly, momentarily
ºapbat 1. palm of hand 2. slap in the face
ºapyrdy splash
ºapyrtdatmak to squelch
ºar r. sphere, ball
ºaramak to take with a fork
ºarf r. scarf
ºar£ cartoon character
ºark-ºurk quickly
ºarkyldamak to rattle, clatter, knock, rap
ºarkyldy knock, rattle, clatter
ºarlamak to rage, seethe
ºartyldamak to crack, crackle
ºartyldy crack, crash
ºaryk fork
ºaºka r. checkers (Asian style)
ºat joyful, happy
ºatlama 1. frozen 2. hard, ringing
ºatlamak to freeze, congeal
ºatlanmak to enjoy
ºatlyk joy
ºatlykly joyful
ºatyrdamak to crack, chirp, crackle
ºatyrdy crash, crack
ºaØ adornment, decoration, embellishment
ºaØ-sep 1. dowry 2. costly, valuable
ºaØat witness
ºaØatlyk evidence
ºaØatnama evidence, certificate, license
ºaØba r. disk
ºaØlar parts
ºaØy 1. coin 2. nickel
ºaØylyk 1. nickel 2. trinket
ºek doubt, question
ºekel 1. form, outline, sketch 2. image, picture, representation 3. figure
ºeker ?inrigi sugar-beet
ºeker sugar
ºekillendirmek to depict
ºekilli similar to, such, like
ºeksiz without doubt, unquestionably
ºem candle
ºemal wind : Øuwaº ºemal = breeze
ºemallamak to be aired out, inflated
ºemallatmak to air, inflated
ºembe Saturday
ºembeºik sticky
ºepbeºmek to stick
ºepbik resin, pitch, tar
ºer scandal
ºerap wine
ºerbert r. sherbert
ºerebe salty, salt solution
ºermende wretch
ºert I. 1. condition 2. vow, pledge II. conditional, relative
ºertli conditional, relative
ºertnama contract
ºetdaly peach
ºeØle such, so, just like
ºeØle-de as such
ºeØlelik bilen thus, then, so, well
ºeØlelikde well, then, so, thus
ºeØtan devil
ºeØtanlyk cunning, trickery, craftiness, ruse
ºeØtmek to do so, to do such
ºŠgirt apprentice
ºŠgirtlik apprenticeship
ºŠhda?yk merrily, in good spirts
ºŠher city
ºŠherara intercity, long-distance
ºŠht spirit, mood
ºŠnik stone
ºŠrik companion
ºŠrikli together
ºifirlemek r. to cover, coat, trump
ºifr r. cipher, code
ºifrlemek r. to ciphere, code
ºikaØat 1. complaint 2. appeal
ºikaØat etmek to complain
ºikes 1. mutilation 2. breakage
ºillirdemek to murmur
ºillirdi murmur
ºin r. 1. tire 2. splint
ºinde 1. wedge 2. embryo, bud
ºindi 1. now 2. still, yet
ºindiki present, actual
ºinel r. overcoat
ºinelemek to get bound up, get entangled
ºir Leo (zodiac sign)
ºire juice
ºirin 1. sweet, tasty 2. pleasant, agreeable
ºirrildemek to murmur, purr
ºitil sprout, sprouts
ºitilhana nursery
ºitirdi rustle
ºiwe accent, dialect, talk
ºkaf r. cupboard, wardrobe
ºlang r. hose
ºlem r. helmet
ºlØapa r. hat
ºofØor r. driver, chauffeur
ºoh gay, merry, happy
ºokolad chocolate
ºokolady adj. chocolate
ºol that
ºon?a so, so much, so many
ºor salty, saline
ºorluk saltiness
ºorpuldatmak to squelch
ºorsuw salt water
ºorta sšz anecdote
ºosse r. highway, turnpike
ºow good luck, success
ºowa kšr short-sighted
ºowalyk short-sightedness
ºowhun din, hubbub, noise, rustle
ºowhunly noisy, loud, sensational
ºowly successful, good
ºšhle ray, beam
ºšhlelendirmek 1. to shine 2. to illuminate, elucidate
ºšhrat glory
ºšhratlanmak to glorify
ºšhratly glorious
ºšhratparaz vain
ºšhratparazlyk vanity
ºšwŸr wakefulness, care
ºrift r. type, print
ººi beet soup
ºtab r. headquarters, staff
ºtamp r. stamp
ºtamplamak r. to stamp
ºtat r. state
ºtepsel r. plug, jack
ºu this, that
ºugullamak to carry or bring, inform, slander
ºugundyr beet
ºum wicked, evil
ºumjarmak to sob
ºumlukda thus, so, well, then, now
ºumroØ deformed, ugly, abnormal
ºumroØluk ugliness, deformity
ºun?a so, so much, so many
ºuwlamak to buzz, honk, hoot, whistle
ºuwwuldamak to whistle
ºuwwuldy whistle, hiss
ºŸbhe doubt
ºŸbhelenmek to suspect, doubt
ºŸbheli doubtful, dubious
ºŸbhesiz unquestionable, doubtless
ºŸdŸgŠr field, tillage
ºŸle rice porridge
ºŸwele– merry, joyful
ºŸwele–li merrily, joyfully
ºwed r. Swede
ºybyrdamak to rustle
ºybyrdy rustle
ºygar slogan
ºyglamak to buzz, rustle, hiss, whiz
ºygyr verse, poem
ºygyrdamak to rustle
ºygyrdy rustle
ºykyrdamak to rustle
ºykyrdy rustle
ºylha rags, tatters
ºyltak etmek to slander
ºyltak slander
ºy––yrdamak to ring, jingle, click
ºy––yrdy jingle, ring, peal, chime
ºyrdak hat (esp. for horseback riding)
ºyrkyldamak to snap, crack, crackle
ºyrkyldy snap, crackle, rustle
ºyrlamak to murmur
T
taba pan
tabak dish, bowl, cup
tabel r. time-sheet
tabigat 1. nature 2. personal nature
tabletka r. tablet, pill
tablisa table, list, schedule, scale
tabºyrmak 1. to charge with a comission, to entrust 2. to deliver, hand in, hand over 3. to punish, order
tabºyryk 1. message, mission, comission, instruction 2. warning, notification, prevention
tabyn subordinate
tabynlyk subordination
tabyt coffin
tagalla effort, strain, exertion
tagam dish, taste, flavor
tagamly tasty
tagan vanity mirror
tagaºyk convenience, comfort
tagaºykly 1. convenient, comfortable 2. close
taglymat apprenticeship, learning
tagma brand, stigma, strain
tagmalamak to brand, stigmatize
tagt ripe
tagta I. 1. board 2. plank 3. blackboard II. sheet, certificate, deed
tagtabiti bedbug, termite
tahØa "tahya", Turkmen national cap
tahyl box, case
takat patience
takdyr fate
takgaz herring
takmyn approimately, about, almost: Oba ?henli takmyn 2 kilometer Øol Øšremeli bolarcyn = You should reach the village in about 2 kilometers.
takmynan almost
taksi r. taxi
taktika r. tactic
takyk exact
takyklamak to specify
takyklyk exactness, precision
takyr I. bald II.smooth, plain, lank
takyramak to be empty
takyrdamak to rumble
takyrdatmak to rumble
takyrlyk cracked desert area
tal willow
talamak to rob, plunder
talant r. talent
talantly r. talented
tala– theft
tala–?ylyk theft
tala–?ylykly stolen
talap 1. demand 2. requirement 3. claim 4. order
talapkŠr exacting, particular, fussy
talapkŠrlik exactitude, particularity
talh tart
talhan oat flour
talon r. coupon
tam house
tama etmek to hope
tama hope
tamakin inept person
tamam bolmak to finish, end
tamamlamak to finish, end
tamamlanmak to finish, complete, accomplish
tamdyr clay oven for baking ?šrek
tamdyra dutar
tamdyra?y dutarist
tamºanmak 1. to bite through, take a bite 2. to lick one's lips
tanalmak to introduce
tanamak 1. to know somebody 2. to recognize
tanap rope, cable
tangens r. math
tank r. tank
tankydy critical
tankyt criticism, critique, review
tankytlamak to critique
tans etmek r. to dance
tans r. dance
tans?y r. dancer (prominent)
tanymal distinquished, notable, eminent
tanyº bolmak to meet (lit. to become acquaintance)
tanyº I. known, familiar II. acquaintance, known person
tanyº-biliº acquaintance
tanyºdyrmak 1. to introduce 2. to acquaint
tanyºlyk acquaintance
tanyºmak 1. to meet, make acquaintance 2. to be introduced to
ta–ka "tangka", a traditional Turkmen tea vessel, placed in a fire
ta––yr basin
ta––yrdamak to peal, thunder, rattle
ta–rybir united under God
tap 1. mood, spirits 2. strength, force, power, might
tapa rest, repose, peace, calm
tapawut difference, differentness
tapawutlandyrmak to distinguish, differentiate
tapawutlanmak 1. to differ 2. to be noted, to stand out
tapba suddenly, all of a sudden
tapbat pat
tapbatlamak to pat
tapgyr 1. group, party 2. round, tour
taplamak 1. to whet, grind, sharpen 2. to kill or slaughter
taplanmak to be hardened, tempered
tapma?a riddle
tapmak 1. to find, come across 2. to think out, devise 3. to find, discover 4. to determine, designate, define 5. to receive, get, obtain
tapylgysyz irreplacable
tapylmak to be found
tapyndy find, discovery
tapyrdamak to stomp
tapyrdy stamping, tramping
tapyºmak to help to find something
tar 1. string 2. r. tar
tarap 1. direction 2. place, land 3. side 4. part 5. group, side
tarapdar supporter
tarapdar supporter
taraplaØyn sided : bir taraplaØan = one-sided
taraº cleansing, polishing
taraºlamak 1. to cleanse, polish, clean 2. to grind, polish
taraz divide, watershed
tarkyldamak to knock, rap, rattle
tarkyldatmak to knock, rap, rattle
tarkyldy knocking, rattling
tarlamak to buzz, honk, hoot, whistle
tarp virgin soil
tarpa sudden, unexpected
tarpa-taØyn sudden
tarpyldatmak to stamp, trample
tarpyldy stamping, trampling
tarsuldamak to knock, rap
tarsuldy n. knock, rap
tartmak 1. to pull, draw, tow 2. to stretch, drain, pull
tarØelka r. plate
taryh history
taryh?y historian
taryhy historical
taryp etmek to speak highly
taryp praise
taryplamak to praise
tas 1. almost: Men tas Øykyldym = I almost fell 2. nearly, missing a little
taslama sketch, draft
taslamak to give up
tassyklamak to ratify
tassyklanmak to be ratified
taºlamak to throw with force
taºlandy thrown
tatar Tartar
tataºmak to inflame, get inflamed
tawus peacock
taØ I. stallion, colt II. 1. pair, couple 2. one of a pair III. direction : ºu taØda = here
taØak stick, cane, club, pole
taØaklamak to knock
taØ?anak foal, colt
taØga slippery
taØgan?ak 1. slippery 2. rink, mangle (?)
taØhar baby donkey
taØlamak to balance
taØmak to slide, slip
taØpa tribe, clan
taØØar ready
taØØyn ready
taØyarlamak 1. to prepare 2. to cook 3. to compose, make up
taØyarlyk preparedness, preparations
taØyarlyly ready
taØynalmak to prepare, get ready
taØzarmak to stick out
tazy hound
teatr theatre
tebigy natural : tebigy gaz = natural gas
tebip arch. doctor
tebit heat, fever
tegek coil, spool
tegelek I. 1. round, circular 2. precisely, exactly II. circle, sphere
tegelenmek to become circular, grow in a circle
tegmil spot, stain, blotch
tehnik r. technician
tehnika r. technique
tehniki r. technical
tehnikum r. technical shool
tejribe experience
tejribeli experienced
teke I. Teke (Turkmen tribe) II. goat producer
tekepbir haughty, arrogant
tekepbirlik haughtiness, arrogance
tekge support, approval
tekiz smooth
tekizlemek to smooth
tekizlik smoothness
tekje level, shelf
teklip etmek to make an offer
teklip offer
tekst r. text
telbe crazy, mad
telefon etmek to telephone
telefon r. phone
telegraf r. telegraph
telegrafirlemek r. to telegraph
telegramma r. telegram
telek erroneous, mistaken
teletin skin, leather
telewideniØe r. adj. television
telewizion r. television
telŠr awning, shed
telim 1. a few, some, several, somewhat 2. repeated, many
telkermek to slouch
telli-pelli somehow (or other)
telpek hat, Turkmen hat
telper small little, pretty, fine
tema r. theme, subject
tematic r. thematic
temen big needle
temenge pin, saftey pin
temmŠki tobacco
temmi bermek to punish
temmi punishment
temperatura r. temperature
ten flesh
tene?ir 1. dragonfly 2. earrings
tenekar borax
tengin heat rash
tenmek to pour out, in
tennis r. tennis
tentek I. silly, stupid II. fool, simpleton
tentemek to wander, roam
te––e coin, currency
teorema r. theorem
teoretiki r. theoretic
teoriØa r. theory
teplisa r. hot-house
teplohod r. motorship
teplowoz r. cargo ship
ter fresh, cool, lastest, new
terapewt r. therapist
terapewtik r. therapeutic
terbiØe upbringing
terbiØe?i educator, tutor
terbiØe?ilik educational, pedalogical
terbiØelemek to bring up, educate
terbiØeleØiº upbringing, education
terbiØeleØjilik educational, pedalogical
terbiØeli well-bred
terezi scales, balance
terjime translation
terjime?i translator
terjimehal biography
terlik freshness
termin r. term, notion
terminologiØa r. terminology
termometr r. thermometer
termos r. thermos
ternaw gutter
terne small mellon
ternelemek to begin to grow
territoriØa r. territory
terrorizm r. terrorism
ters 1. incorrect, false 2. uneven 3. backwards, inside-out
tersine 1. on the contrary, opposite 2. against 3. contrary to, in spite of 4. vice-versa 5. in defiance of
tersleºik quarrel, altercation
tersleºmek to quarrel
tertibe ?agyrmak to discipline, call order
tertip order
tertip sanlar ordinal numbers
tertip-dŸzgŸn order, way
tertipli ordered, disciplined
tertipsiz undisciplined, unruly
tes superlative prefix
tesilli peaceful
tesmek to slow down
teºne thirsty
teºnelik thirst
teØ I. bottom II. 1. by no means, not at all 2. quite, totally
teØ-ahyr at last, finally
teØdar mark, marking
teØene reproach
tez timid, fearful
tezek dung, droppings
tŠ right up to, until : TŠ Øe–Øan?Š– gšreºmek = to fight until victory
tŠ? 1. crown 2. birthmark, mole
tŠjihoraz scarlet fever
tŠjik Tajik (person from Tajikistan)
tŠk 1. odd (in number) 2. alone
tŠleØ fate, lot
tŠlim learning, instruction, apprenticeship
tŠmislik cleanliness, purity
tŠmiz clean, pure
tŠmizlemek to cleanse, purify
tŠr method, means, manner, way
tŠsgenmek to suspend, linger, be delayed
tŠsin wonderful, marvelous, amazing
tŠsir etmek to influence
tŠsir galdyrmak to impress
tŠsir influence, impression
tŠsirli interesting, influential, impressive
tŠze 1. new 2. modern 3. latest, current, cool 4. fresh 5. young
tŠze?e anew, once again
tŠzeden again, anew
tŠzelemek 1. to renew, renovate 2. to replace, substitute
tŠzelenmek 1. to renew 2. to replace, substitute
tŠzelik news, newness, new thing
tŠzelik?i innovator
tŠzelik?ilik innovation
tibirdemek to tremble, shake, shiver
tigir 1. wheel 2. spool, bobbin
tigirlemek to roll, drive, wheel
tigirlenmek to sweep, move, flow
tijemek to strain, stretch, bow
tijenmek to strain, stretch, bow
tike piece, bit, morsel, scrap
tiken thorn, prickle, barb
tikeneklemek to feel, sense
tikenli thorny, prickly, barbed
tikin seam, joint, stitch
tikin?i seamstress, tailor
tikin?ilik sewing
tikmek 1. to sew, embroider 2. to hem, sew onto
tikmek to sew
tilki fox
tilsim secret, mystery
timar bermek to brush, comb
timarlamak to bring, lead, result
ti––irdemek to click, jingle, strum
ti––irdetmek to click, jingle, strum
ti––irdi click, jingle
tip r. type, style
tipik r. typical
tipleØin r. typical
tipografiØa r. printing plant, office
tira£ 1. circulation 2. drawing of a lottery
tire I. tribe, clan II. r. dash
tirkeg sight
tirkemek to hook onto, latch onto
tirkeºmek 1. to go together : Olar tirkeleºip barØardylar = They used to go together 2. to befriend, to be on friendly terms
tirlemek to twist, twirl, roll, whirl
tirlendirmek to twist, twirl, roll, whirl
tirsek 1. elbow 2. knee
tisginmek to start, shudder, shake up
titremek 1. to tremble, shiver 2. to shake, quake
titretmek to be shaken
titretmek to be shaken
titrewuk tremble, shake
tiz fast, quickly
tizleºdirmek to speed up, accelerate
tizlik speed
toba penance
togalak sphere, spherical
togalamak 1. to roll, drive, ride 2. to wheel, roll along
togalanmak to sweep, move, flow
toganynjy nintieth
togaØ skylark (bird)
togsan ninety
togtamak 1. to stop, pause 2. to cease
tohum I 1. seed 2. race, breed 3. posterity, descendants II. thoroughbred
tohum?ylyk seeding
tohumlyk seeded, seminal
tok r. electrical connection
toka buckle
tokar r. lathe, turning instrument
tokaØ forest, wood
tokaØ?ylyk forestry
tokaØlyk forest, wooded place
tokga a lump, clod
tokgalamak to crumple
tokly small sheep, lamb
tokmak mallet, wooden hammer
tolgundyrmak to agitate, excite, worry (someone)
tolgunyºyk agitation, worry, excitement
tolkun wave
tom r. tome, volume
tomaºa sight, spectacle, show
tomaºa?y spectator, on-looker
tomat r. 1. tomato sauce 2. adj. tomato
tomazak dung beetle
tomsma in the summer
tomus summer
tomusky adj. summer
tonna r. ton
tonnel r. tunnel
top I. ball II. gun, cannon III. 1. group 2. piece, bit, morsel
topala– rebellion, mutiny
topar 1. group 2. layer, stratum
toparlamkak to form a group
toparlanmak to form a group
topbak heap, pile, a lot of
top?y artilleryman
toplamak to gather or collect
toplanmak to gather, assemble, prepare
toplum group
toprak ground, earth, land : Ene toprak = Mother Earth
topuk ankle
topulmak 1. to dash, rush, plunge, dart 2. to have a fit
tor 1. net 2. grid, scale 3. trap, snare
torba bag
tormoz r. break
torsarmak to be offended
torsuk badger : torsuk Øaly = full, complete, absolute
tort r. cake
torum camel (specific type)
tos-toslamak to invent, contrive, design
toºap molasses
toty parrot
tow 1. turn, rotation : tow bermek = to give a turn
tow bermek to give a turn
towakga request, petition
tow?a apricot pit
towlamak to turn, twist, rotate
towlanmak to twist, turn, roll
towly twisted
towsa gštermek to snatch away, buy up
towºan rabbit
towuk chicken
towusmak to jump, spring, leap
toØ celebration, party
toØlamak to organize a party, have a party
toØnak hoof
toØun loam, clay
toØunsow loamy
toz dust
tozamak to dust
tozan dust
tozanlamak to become dusty
tozatmak to dust
tozdurmak to wear out (by use)
tozga pollen
tozmak 1. to wear out 2. to be bankrupt
tšhmet atmak to slander
tšhmet slander
tšhmet?i slanderer
tšhmet?ilikli slanderous
tšleg payment
tšlemek 1. to pay 2. to compensate, recompense
tšlemek to pay
tš––e stump
tšp 1. thickness, density, mass 2. bream
tšr head of the table for honoured guests
tšrpi sander, planer
tšrpŸlemek to grind, polish
tštŠnden casual, by accident
tštŠnleØin accidental, casual, by chance
tšwekgel resolute, firm, decisive
tšwekgel?ilik risk
tšwekgellik risk
tšweleme excellent
tšwella admonition: tšwella etmek = to admonish
tšwerek 1. environs, neighborhood 2. surroundings, vicinity 3. circumfrence 4. near, about 5. around
tšwir (galdyrmak) post-meal prayer
tragediØa r. tragedy
tragiki r. tragic
traktor r. tractor
traktor?y r. tractor driver
tramwaØ r. streetcar
transport r. transportation
trassa r. route, line
trener r. trainer, coach
trewoga r. alarm, warning, alert
tribuna r. tribune, platform
trikota£ r. hosiery
trolleØbus r. trolley
trotuar r. sidewalk
truba r. pipe, tube, chimney
trubka r. 1. tube, pipe 2. receiver
tukat sad, sorrowful, dreary
tukatlanmak to grieve, long
tukatlyk sadness, grief, melancholy
tultuk 1. soft, mild, gentle, tender 2. sleek, smooth 3. lenient, easy
tulum wineskin
tumºuk muzzle, snout
tundra r. tundra
tunir r. tournament
tupan storm, tempest
turist r. tourist
turistic touristic
turmak 1. to stand up 2. to awake
turp radish
turºamak to turn sour
turºy sour
turuzmak 1. to get up, make stand 2. to waken 3. to begin, to undertake
turuzmak to wake someone
tussag 1. prisoner 2. arrested person, detainee
tussag etmek to arrest, take prisoner
tussag prisoner
tut mulberry
tutanØerli persevering, persistent, obstinate
tutanØerlik persistence, obstinance
tutaryk argument
tutaºdyrmak to heat, rouse, unleash, set loose
tutaºdyryjy incendiary
tutawa? 1. handle 2. railing, banister
tutgaØ epilepsy
tutma grip
tutmak 1. to hold, support, keep 2. to catch 3. to hire out, employ 4. to fill, crowd, imbue 5. to stretch, draw in, pull in
tutnak assault, onslaught, onset
tutuk 1. dully, gloomy 2. gloomy, sullen, cloudy 3. hoarse, husky
tutuº entirely, wholly
tutuºlagyna totally, entirely
tutuºlaØyn totally, entirely
tuty 1. partition 2. curtain
tuwaly r. from Tuva
tŸkel all, the whole, full, everything
tŸkeniksiz incessantly
tŸkenmek to be finished
tŸketmek to finish, to cease
tŸm darkness, obscurity
tŸmlŸk darkness, obscurity
tŸmmek I. hillock II. full, complete, absolute, perfect
tŸmmeklemek to fill, crowd, imbue
tŸnt blunt, obtuse, stupid
tŸ–?e pitcher (iron)
tŸ––Ÿn can
tŸpe– rifle
tŸpe–lemek to shoot, fire (a rifle)
tŸrgen 1. skillful, skilled 2. trained
tŸrgenleºik training
tŸrgenleºmek 1. to train 2. to master
tŸrk Turk
tŸrkana simple, humble
tŸrki Turkish
tŸrkmen Turkmen
tŸrkmen?ilik "Turkmeness"
tŸrme prison
tŸrmŠ basmak to imprison
tŸrmŠ basmak to imprison
tŸsse smoke
tŸsselemek to smoke (give off smoke)
tŸtemek to smoke, steam
tŸw 1. rice 2. palow (pilaf)
tŸwe heifer
tŸweleme 1. well done 2. exclam. "Great!" "Fantastic!" "Stupendous!"
tŸweleØ gust
tŸØ hair
tŸØdŸk "tuyduk", a native Turkmen flute-like instrument
tŸØdŸk?i person who performs on the tŸØdŸk
tŸØdŸlmek to wear out
tŸØjermek to be hairy
tŸØkŸlik saliva, spittle
tŸØkŸliklemek to salivate
tŸØkŸrrmek to spit
tŸØlek hairy
tŸØs 1. genuine, real 2. just like 3. sincere, frank, cordial 4. definite, fixed, certain, positive
tŸØsli as such, like : her tŸØsli = all kinds
tŸØt-mŸØt etmek to lacerate, tear to pieces
tŸØtmek 1. to comb one's hair 2. to wear out (by use)
tØul r. tulle
tyg 1. blade, edge : Tyg Øarasy biter, sšz Øarasy bitmez = A blade wound will get bigger, a verbal wound, never
tygºyt economy, saving
tygºytlamak to save, economize
tygºytlamak to spare
tygºytly economical
tygºytlylyk economy
tykyramak to waver
tykyrdamak 1. to rumble 2. to knock, rap, rattle
tykyrdatmak to knock, rap, rattle, clatter
tyl rear, base
tylla gold, golden
typan?an I. slippery II. rink, mangle
typmak to slide, glide, slip
tyrkyldamak to knock, rap, throb, rattle
tyrkyldatmak to knock, rap, throb, rattle
tyrkyldy knock, rattle, clatter, noise
tyrpma to slide down, slip off
U
u? finish, end
u?ar airplane
u?astok r. district, region
u?dantutma successively, one after the other
u?gun sparkle, spangle
u?gur shoe lace
u?iliººe r. school
u?mak 1. to fly 2. to stagger 3. to disappear, vanish
u?ramak 1. to come across, meet, receive, welcome 2. to undergo, be exposed to
u?urmak to rock, swing, shake
u?ursyz very
u?uº flight
u?Øot r. inventory
u?Øot?ik r. bookkeeper
udel r. specific
uglerod r. carbon
ugramak 1. to set off, embark 2. to direct, refer, send
ugratmak 1. to see off 2. to set off for 3. to embark upon
ugrukdyrmak to put right, in order, to set straight
ugur 1. direction 2. trend 3. list
ugurdaº 1. parallel 2. fair, favorable
ugurlaºmak to agree upon, arrange
ugurly good
ugursyz bad
ujypsyz insignificant, tiny
ukaz r. decree, edict
uklamak to sleep, fall asleep
ukol r. injection
ukrain r. Ukranian
uku?yl sleepyhead
uky sleep, dream
ukyp 1. capability, talent, ability
ukyply 1. capable, able 2. talented, gifted
ukyplylyk ability
ulag transport
ulalmak 1. to magnify, enlarge 2. to grow, increase
ulaltmak 1. to increase, make larger 2. to grow, rear 3. to raise, promote 4. to swell up, puff up, exaggerate
ulanmak to use, utilize
ulgam ridge, geol. range
ullakan 1. big, heavy 2. grownup
ululyk size, quantity
ulumsy snobby
ulumsylyk snobbiness
ulumsyramak to put on airs
uly 1. big in size, weighty 2. much, big in number 3. old 4. significant, important 5. long in duration
uly-ki?i young and old alike
ummasyz without end
umuman generally
umumy common
umumyhalk nationwide
umumylaºdyrmak to sum up
umumylyk commoness, community
umyt etmek to hope
umyt hope
un flour
unamak to find, come across
unaº noodle soup
uniwermag r. department store
uniwersal r. universal
uniwersitØet r. university
unutmak to forget
uprawleniØaØuººi¬ r. manager
uprawleniØe r. management
ur-tut at once
urgy blow, shock
urka?y female
urmak to strike
urnamak to combine
urp-adat custom, habit
urºujy fighter
urug genus, race
urunmak 1. to fight, beat 2. to toss, jerk
uruº 1. war 2. scuffle, fight
uruºmak 1. to struggle, fight 2. to wage war
ussa master, craftsman
ussa?ylyk mastery
ussahana studio, workshop
ussat craftsman, master
ussatlyk know-how, mastery
ustaw r. statute, resolution, charter
usul 1. manner, way 2. method
usully careful
uºak small, little, fine
uºamak to become smaller
uºatmak 1. to make smaller, shallower 2. to exchange, barter
utan? shame
utan?syz shameless
utandyrmak to embarass, to shame
utanja– shy, bashful
utanja–lyk shyness
utanmak to be shy, ashamed of
utdurmak to lose
utgaºdyrmak to combine
utgaºmak to unite
utgaºyk united
utmak to win
utuk point, spot
utulmak to lose (a game)
utuº winnings, profit
uwlamak to howl
uwlundyrmak to cause pain
uØa sister
uØalmak to be shamed
uØamak to go sour
uØan bridle
uØanlamak to bridle
uØat shame
uØgunlaºdyrmak to adapt
uØgunlaºmak to get used to
uØgur Uighur (nationality)
uØluk pail
uzak 1. far, distant 2. long, for a long time 3. whole, intact
uzaklaºdyrmak 1. to postpone, put off 2. to draw out, drag out
uzaklaºmak to become distant, move away from
uzaklyk 1. length 2. distance 3. longitude
uzalmak to be lengthened
uzaltmak 1. to lengthen 2. to prolong
uzanmak to lie down, to go to bed
uzatmak to stretch out, extend
uzel r. junction, center
uzyn 1. long 2. tall 3. protracted 4. sustained
uzynlyk 1. length 2. longitude 3. extent
†
ŸbtŸk down, fluff
Ÿ? three
Ÿ?bur?luk triangle
Ÿ?in for, intended for
Ÿ?lŸk three
Ÿ?Ÿnji third
Ÿflemek to blow, gust
Ÿlemek to divide, share
Ÿlje cherry
Ÿlke 1. region, land, country 2. fringe, edge, outskirt
Ÿl–i pattern
ŸlpŸldemek to shine, glitter, flash
ŸlŸº 1. lot, fate 2. part, share, piece
Ÿmez fog
Ÿmezlemek to grow foggy, dim
Ÿndemek to put, place, set
Ÿnjalmak to calm down, subside, become quiet
Ÿnji unrest, trouble, anxiety
Ÿns attention
Ÿns bermek to pay attention
ŸpjŸn 1. in full supply 2. provided for, well-to-do
ŸpjŸn?ilik security
ŸpjŸnetmek to supply, provide
ŸpjŸnlik prosperity
Ÿr?etmek to fall into the habit of
ŸrgŸn dry
Ÿrkek timid, fearful
Ÿrkmek to be frightened, be scared of
ŸrkŸzmek to frighten, scare
ŸsgŸlewuk cough
ŸsgŸlewukli suffering from a cough
ŸsgŸrlewŸk cough
ŸsgŸrmek to cough
Ÿst surface, top, upper part
Ÿst-baº clothing
Ÿstaºyr over, about, at, with
Ÿste to boot, in addition
Ÿstesine to boot, in addition
Ÿsti bilen via, by way of
ŸstŸn ?ykmak to win, conquer, vanquish
ŸstŸnlik success, achievement
ŸstŸnlikli accomplished
ټemek to be cold, catch cold
ټerilmek to be on the alert, to be on one's guard
ټertmek to prick up (one's ears)
ټetmek to be cold
ŸºŸk sharpness, quick wittedness
ŸºŸtmek to feel chilly
Ÿtmek to tear, pull out
ŸtŸk r. iron (for clothing)
ŸtŸklemek r. to iron
Ÿwemek to grind
Ÿwremek to rock
ŸØn sound, tone, tune
ŸØºenmek to fear, be afraid of
ŸØºmele– 1. crowd, mob, throng 2. party, gathering
ŸØºŸrmek to gather, collect
ŸØtgediji 1. to change (by itself) 2. to spoil
ŸØtgeºik 1. different 2. particular, peculiar, special
ŸØtgeºiklik 1. difference 2. modification, alteration
ŸØtgetmek to change, alter, modify
Ÿze––i stirrup
Ÿzmek 1. to tear off, pluck 2. to extinguish, put out 3. to interrupt
ŸznŸksiz uninterrupted
Ÿz–e enraged, furious
Ÿz–elik rage, fury
ŸzŸl-kesil resolute, firm, decisive
ŸzŸlmek 1. to tear off, pluck 2. to settle accounts with, get even with 3. to break off
ŸzŸm grape
ŸzŸm?ilik grape production
W
wada promise
wadalaºmak to make a pact, negotiate
wadalaºyk treaty, settlement
wagon r. wagon
wagºy predatory
wagºylar?a brutal, bestial
wagt time
wagtal-wagtal from time to time
wagtlaØyn temporary
wagtly-wagtynda at the right time
wagtynda at the right time
wagyr noise
wagyrdamak to make noise
wagyz etmek to preach
wagyz-nesihat 1. directions, instructions 2. sermon
wah oh! gosh!
waharman a kind of melon
wajyp important
waka event, situation
wakgyldamak to cluck (like a chicken)
waktsina r. vaccine
wakyrdamak to belly-laugh
WaleØkimessalam "And God's peace be with you!" (formal reply to SalamaleØkim)
waleØkimessalam response to formal greetng
walla honestly
walØuta r. currency
wanna r. bath
wa–kyrmak to wail
warak no-good, worthless
wariant r. variant
warkyldamak to croak
warsaky chatter, gossip
wasp description
watan country
watan?y patriot
waØ oh! oh boy! : WaØ waØ waØ != Oh my goodness!
waØkyrmak to cry out
wazypdamak to buzz
wazzyldy buzz, drone
we and
wehim terror
wejera shameful
wekil representative
weli but, but also
welosiped r. bicycle
welwet r. velvet
welØur r. velour
wengr r. Hungary
wepa truth
wepaly true, honest
wepalylyk allegiance
wepat bolan deceased
wepat bolmak to die
wepat dead, finished
werdiº adaptation: agyr iºe werdiº boldim = I've adapted to this difficult work
wertikal r. vertical
wertolØot r. helicopter
wesØet law
wesØetnama will (document)
weºalka r. peg, rack
weºe–-weºe– very much
weteran r. veteran
weterinariØa r. veterinary
weØran?ylykly ruined, demolished
wezipe 1. task 2. position, appointment, rank
wŠ eek! (expresses surprise)
wŠgirmek to scream from fright
wŠk ouch!
wŠºi joker, jokingly
wŠºilik lightheartedness
wiktorina r. quiz
wilka r. fork
witamin r. vitamin
witrina r. shop window
wiØ oh!
wizit r. visit, call
wodolaz r. diver
wodoprowod r. water pipe
wodorod r. hydrogen
wojatyØ r. guide
wokzal r. station (railway)
woleØbol r. volleyball
wra? r. doctor
wulkan r. volcano
wyjdan conscience
wyklØu?atel r. switch
wympel r. pennant
wypiska r. copying, excerpting
wyºka r. turret, tower
wyºy-wyºy whisper
wyºyrdamak to whisper, gossip
wznos r. payment, fee
wzwod r. platoon
Ù
Øa 1. or 2. "well, now"
Øabany 1. wild 2. out of control
Øabºyrmak to sew into
Øaby horse
Øada or
Øadamak to tire, grow weary
Øadatmak to tire out
Øadaw tired
Øadawlyk fatigue
Øadawsyz tireless, energetic
Øadro r. nuclear
ØadygŠr recollection, memory
ØadygŠrlik 1. monument 2. souvenir
Øadyrgamak to shun, avoid
Øag oil (for cooking), grease
ØagdaØ 1. situation, condition 2. scenery 3. atmosphere
ØagdaØlaºmak to operate, function
Øaglamak to grease, oil
Øagly 1. oily 2. bun
Øaglyk scarf
Øagmak to precipitate
Øagmyr rain, precipitation
Øagny "that is to say..."
Øagºy good
Øagºylandyrmak to improve
Øagºylanmak to be improved, grow more beautiful
Øagºylaºmak to be improved, grow more beautiful
Øagºylyk benefit
Øagty well lit
Øagtygšzin by daylight
Øagtylgy? star
Øagtylmak 1. to dawn 2. to brighten
Øagtyltmak 1. to ellucidate 2. to illuminate
Øagtylyk 1. light 2. joy, gladness, pleasure
Øagy enemy
Øagyn precipitation
Øagynly rainy
Øagyrni?lik lining, support
Øagyrny back, spine
Øagyº rain
Øagyºly rainy
Øakymly nice, pleasant
Øakymsyz mean
Øakyn near
Øakynda the other day
Øalan false
Øalana? naked
Øalan?y liar
Øalandan false
Øalkamak to pardon or spare : ta–ry Øalkasyn = thank you
Øal–yº mistake
Øal–yºdyrmak to confuse, muddle, mix up
Øal–yºmak to be mistaken
Øalpa momentary, instantaneous
Øalpak 1. shallow 2. small, petty
Øalpylda duran shiny, brilliant
Øalpyldawuk brilliant, sparkling, shining
Øalpyldy lustre, shine, brilliance
Øalta still, idle, lazy
Øaltaklamak to examine, take a view of
Øaltalyk stillness, idleness, laziness
Øaltanmak to be idle, lazy, to tire
Øaly like
Øaly-la seems
Øalym-Øulumetmek to ingratiate
Øalyn flame
Øama patch
Øamamak 1. to mend, repair 2. to sharpen
Øaman 1. bad 2. very
Øamanlamak 1. to slander 2. to talk, say
Øamanlyk harm, damage, detriment
Øamaºgan anew, once again
Øamaºgandan anew, once again
Øanamak 1. lean 2. to press 3. to oppress
Øanawu? handful
Øa– echo
Øa–ak cheek
Øa–y Øakynda recently
Øa–yja just now
Øa–yltma? tongue-twister
Øap ditch
Øapbaºak slope, pitch
Øapbaºdyrmak to flatten
Øapbaºmak to flatten
Øapgy cover
Øapgyt slope, incline
Øaplamak to lean
Øaplanmak to lean against
Øapmak 1. to close 2. to cover 3. to bake 4. to enclose, affix 5. to finish, to end
Øapon Japanese
ØaponiØa Japan
Øaprak leaf
Øapraklamak to be leafy, grow leaves
Øapy I. slope II. lid, cover
Øapyk 1. closed 2. covered, enclosed
Øapynja cape, cloak
Øapyºdyrmak to stick (something into something else)
Øapyºmak 1. to stick to, hold fast to 2. to be pasted to
Øar beloved
Øara wound
Øarag weapon
Øaraglandyrmak to arm someone
Øaraglanmak to take up arms, arm oneself
Øaragly armed
Øaragsyzlandyrmak to disarm
Øaragsyzlanmak to lay down arms
Øaralamak to wound
Øaraly 1. wounded 2. adj. wound
Øaramak to like
Øaramaz bad, useless
Øaramazlaºmak to deteriorate, worsen
Øaramly 1. suitable, good, fit 2. useful, helpful
Øaran adherent, supporter, partisan
Øaranja– toady, lickspittle, sycophant
Øaranja–lyk sycophancy
Øaranlyk friendship
Øaranmak to please
Øaraºdyrmak to reconcile (others to others)
Øaraºmak to make up (become friends)
Øaraºyk peace, reconciliation
Øaratmak to use, employ
Øarawsyzlyk painfulness, morbidity, sickness
Øardam aid, help
Øardam etmek to help
Øarma grits, groats
Øarmak 1. to cut up 2. to blow up, explode
Øarmaºmak to climb
Øarpy half
Øarsmak 1. to be warped 2. to be offended, disgusted
Øartma? cut, section, angle
Øarty half
Øary gije midnight
Øary half
Øaryk fissure, crack, crevice
Øarylma explosion
Øarylmak 1. to crack, split 2. to explode
Øarym half
Øarymada peninsula
Øaryº race, competition
Øaryºmak to race, compete
Øasama artificial, false, imitation
Øasamak to craft, make
ØasaØjy master, craftsman
Øasli r. 1. day care center 2. crib, manger
Øassanmak to lean on one's elbows
Øassyk pillow
Øasy flat
Øasylamak to flatten
Øaº 1. age 2. young 3. teardrop
Øaºamak to live
Øaºarmak to water
ØaºaØyº life, living
Øaºdaº person of the same age
Øaºlyk youth
Øaºmak "yashmak", traditional bridal mouth covering
Øaººik r. case, chest, box
Øaºuly elder
Øaºyl green
Øaºyrmak to conceal, hide
Øaºyryn secret, stealthy, vague
Øat I. mind II. 1. alien, foreign
Øata stagnant
Øatak 1. bread 2. stall for animals
Øatakhana hostel, home
Øatalatmak to remind
Øatdan ?ykarmak to forget
Øatlamak to remember
Øatmak to lie down, sleep
ØatymlaØyn 1. overnight 2. daily, a day's
Øatyrlma abolition
Øatyrmak to abolish
Øaz spring
Øazdyrmak 1. to unbutton, unfasten 2. to lower, launch, set loose, slacken
Øazgarmak to accuse of, charge with
Øazgy 1. entry, registration, record 2. note, sign, inscription
Øazgyt fate
Øazlamak to lead, guide, conduct
Øazlyk adj. summer, spring
Øazma?a cursive, handwriting
Øazmak I. to lay down; write II. to become loose, unfastened III. 1. to spread 2. to smooth, iron, press
Øazuw writing
Øazyjy writer
Øazyk sin
Øazykly guilty
Øazyksyz innocent
Øazyksyzlyk innocence
Øazylmak to subscribe
Øazylysyk subscription
Øedi seven
Øedigen : Uli Øedigen = Big Dipper : Ki?i Øedigen = Little Dipper
Øedilik a "seven" (i.e. used for a bus number)
Øedinji seventh
ØefreØtor mil. lance-corporal
Øegen 1. nephew 2. niece
Øegen?i niece
Øegsan etmek to destroy; obliterate
Øegºermek to bend; flex
Øek-tŸk rarely
Øeke 1. alone 2. lone; only
Øeke-?Šk alone
Øeke-tŠk one and only
Øeke-Øeke one by one
Øekebara personal
Øekedaban sledgehammer
Øekelemek to thin out
ØekeleØin by the piece
Øekelik 1. one (the number) 2. oneness
Øekemen unsociable; solitary
Øekesiremek to feel the same
Øekºenbe Sunday
Øel wind
Øele leeward; out of the wind
Øelejiretmek to air out
ØelejirŠp gelmek to stroll in the open air
Øelejirmek to be aired out
Øelek feather
Øelekli feathered
Øelgin gust of wind
Øelgine 1. carried by the wind 2. fig. in the throes (of something)
Øelim glue
Øelimlemek 1. to glue 2. to seal
Øelin gozgamak to lactate
Øelken n. sail
Øelkenli adj. sail, sailing: Øelkenli gaØyk = a sail boat
Øellenmek 1. to be bloated; troubled with gas 2. to be swollen
Øelli windy
Øelmemek to glue; attach with glue; seal with glue
Øelmeºmek to be glued; attached with glue
Øelpemek to fan
Øelpewa? n. fan (for fanning)
Øemlemek to stick
Øemºermek to be dented; pressed in
Øemºertmek to dent; press in
Øemºik 1. dented 2. flattened
Øen?mek to beat up; beat on
Øene 1. again; once more 2. and even more; and furthermore : hi? zat bile–ok, Øene šwnen bolØarsy– = You know nothing and you even brag about it
Øe– sleeve
Øe–?e 1. the back of the head 2. the back end, rear part (of something) 3. used as a preposition: ye–sesine ge?mek = to move back
Øe–iji victor; winner
Øe–il 1. light 2. simple 3. fig. easy 4. fig. weak
Øe–ilkelle lightwited; airheaded
Øe–ilkellelik stupidity; vapidity
Øe–illeºdirmek to simplify; easy
Øe–illik privilege; ease
Øe–ilmek to lose (a game or contest)
Øe–ilmez invincible
Øe–iº victory
Øe–lemek to become easier; lighter
Øe–lenmek to shake hands
Øe–leºmek to become easier; lighter
Øe–letmek to lighten
Øe–lik a cushion-like mitt used when baking Traditional Turkmen bread in a clay oven
Øe–mek to defeat; conquer; be victorious
Øe––e
Øepbeºdirmek to stuff; make bulging
Øepbeºik flabby; overstuffed
Øer 1. place 2. land 3. earth, ground 4. Earth 5. place, position, duty 6. sleeping area
Øer ºary globe
Øer titremesi earthquake
Øerasty underground
Øerdeºikli comfortably
Øeri well; so : Ùeri nŠme aØtmak?y? = Well, what would you like to say?
Øerine in place of
Øerine Øetirmek to complete
Øerlemek to be settled, to make a place home
Øerleºdirmek 1. to lay, place 2. to accomodate, lodge, place
Øerleºmek 1. to be situated, located 2. to enter into, be placed in 3. to be staying (at)
Øerleºmek to be situated, to get situated
Øerli local
Øerlikli appropriate, apropos
Øerliksiz inappropriate
Øerzemin basement
Øeser gšzler shifty eyed
Øesir captive, prisoner
Øesirlik captivity
Øeterlik enough
Øetginjek juvenille, adolescent
Øetginjeklik adolescence
Øetim orphan
Øetiºik progress
Øetiºikli successful, efficient
Øetiºiksiz inefficient, unsuccessful
Øetiºmek I. to be on time, to make (a train, plane) II. 1. to ripen, mature 2. to reach a marriagable age
Øetmek to suffice
Øetmez?ilik insufficient, unsuitable
Øetmiº seventy
Øetºenlik maturity
Øgjarmak to shine
Øigdelmek to grow or look younger
Øigit fellow
Øigitlik youth, adolescence
Øigren? hatred
Øigrenji repugnant, hateful, disgusting
Øigrenmek to hate, despise
Øigrimi twenty
Øigriminji twentieth
Øilik bone marrow
Øiteltmek to sharpen
Øitgi loss, waste
Øiti 1. sharp 2. poignant, penetrating 3. quick-witted 4. slim, slender 5. caustic, venomous
Øitigsi dim, dull, dead
Øitileºmek to become aggravated, strained
Øitirim bolmak to vanish, be lost, go missing
Øitirmek 1. to lose, give up 2. to spend, waste
Øitmek 1. to go missing 2. to vanish, disappear
Øoda tropic, tropical
Øogsa or else, otherwise
Øogsa-da by the way
Øogyn wide, thick
Øok no, not present
Øokan? infectious
Øokan?ly infectious
Øokarky top, upper
Øokarlanmak to raise, bring up
Øokarlygyna 1. above, over the top 2. to the east
Øokarsyna above
Øokary 1. above, on top 2. tall 3. high, high up 4. senior
Øokary ?ykmak to climb
Øoklamak to put
Øokluk 1. absence 2. poverty
Øokmak 1. to come off 2. to get better (of a patient recovering from an illness) 3. fig. to be healthy (of food)
Øoknasyz incessant
Øokumly helpful
Øokundy plank, layer
Øokuº degmek to be unpleasant (of words or actions)
Øokuº gšrmek to be offended
Øokuº sšz aØtmak to say unpleasant words
Øokuºmak 1. to come off 2. to get better (of a patient recovering from an illness) 3. fig. to be healthy (of food)
Øol 1. road, path, way 2. course, system 3. means, method 4. purpose
Øola time, repetition
Øolag?y passenger
Øolbars lion
Øolbaº?y leader
Øolbaº?ylyk leadership
Øoldaº friend, companion, ally, partner
Øolgalmak to be finished, used up
Øolka r. evergreen tree
Øollamak to send
Øolmak 1. to pluck, strip off 2. to cut off
Øolmalamak to pluck out
Øolukmak to meet someone
Øolunmak to be broken, to cut off
Øomak pun
Øonmak to shave, plane off
Øonuºga shaving, filing
Øo– cold, chill, fever
Øo–lamak to catch a cold
Øorelmek to creep, crawl
Øorgan quilt
Øorgan-dŸºek bedding
Øorka film, coating
Øorkaryk above
Øorunja clover
Øowar community aid, assistance
Øowuz hard
ØoØmak to distort, misconstrue
Øšne I. 1. gratis, free, for nothing 2. just, only, simply so II. but, however
ØšnekeØ 1. simple, easy 2. plain, humble
Øšnekme subject (of a sentence)
Øšneliº turn
Øšnelmek to head for, turn for
Øš–keme face, countenance
Øš–kemek to denegrate, slander
Øšrelge 1. path 2. tradition
Øšremek 1. to walk, go 2. to advance, move forward
Øšretmek 1. to establish 2. to conduct, guide
ØšrgŸnli 1. popular 2. marketable, saleable
Øšriº 1. gait 2. pace, speed
Øšrite special
Øšrite special
Øšritelesºdirmek to specialize in
Øšrmek modal verb (see appendix for usage examples)
ØšrŸº march, campaign
ØubileØ r. jubilee
Øubka r. skirt
Øuka 1. thin, slender, delicate 2. tender, sentimental
Øuka ØŸrek good-natured, tender-hearted
Øukalmak to refine
Øukalyk thinness
Øumak skein, claw, tangle
Øummak to close
Øumralmak to round off
Øumruk fist
Øumruklamak to make a fist
Øumruklaºmak to fist-fight
Øumrulmak to destroy, demolish
Øumºak 1. soft 2. loose, crumbly 3. gentle, meek
Øumºaklyk 1. softness, gentleness 2. looseness
Øumºamak 1. to soften 2. to loosen
Øumurmak to destroy, demolish
Øumurtga egg
Øumurtgalamak to lay eggs
Øumuº duty, errand
Øurt land, nation
Øuwan liquid, watery, sparse, weak
Øuwaº 1. quiet 2. slowly
Øuwaºamak 1. to cram in, stuff 2. to reduce
Øuwaºatmak to diminish, reduce
Øuwaºlyk humility, meekness
Øuwdum a swallow
Øuwdunmak to swallow
Øuwgurmak to knead
Øuwmak to wash
Øuwmarlamak to smooth out
Øuwundy slops, garbage, dust
Øuwundyrmak to wash
Øuwunmak to wash oneself
Øuwutmak to swallow
ØŸk 1. load, freight, cargo 2. duty, service
ØŸk?i loader
ØŸklemek 1. to load up 2. to entrust with
ØŸkli loaded
ØŸksŸz empty
ØŸ– wool
ØŸp string, yarn
ØŸpek silk
ØŸpek?i one who works with silk
ØŸpek?ilik silk production
ØŸplŸk adj. cotton yarn
ØŸrege dŸºmek to annoy, bother
ØŸregine dŸwmek to decide (set your heart)
ØŸrek 1. heart 2. soul, mind, disposition
ØŸrek gysmak to miss
ØŸrek heart
ØŸrekdeº affectionate, intimate
ØŸrekdeºlik intimacy
ØŸrekli bold, courageous
ØŸreklilik courage, boldness
ØŸrkese edinmek to bite, have a snack
ØŸwrŸk deft, nimble, quick
ØŸwse thimble
ØŸwŸrji brother-in-law
ØŸwŸrmek to be victorious over, to vanquish
ØŸz I. 1. face 2. surface 3. side 4. edge II. one hundred
ØŸz tutmak to turn to, to appeal to, to apply for
ØŸze ?ykmak to arise
ØŸzin prone
ØŸzlenme conversion, transformation
ØŸzlenmek 1. to turn to, address 2. to direct, refer, send, assign
ØŸzleØ 1. small, petty 2. superficial
ØŸzlŸk one hundred
ØŸzmek to swim
ØŸzŸgaralyk shame, disgrace
ØŸzŸji swimmer
ØŸzŸk ring
ØŸzŸnji one hundredth
Øygjam dense
Øygjamlatmak to speed up, make more frequent
Øygmak to pick, gather
Øygnak gathering
Øygnamak 1. to gather, collect 2. to concentrate, store up 3. to pile up, pack up, clean up, tidy up
Øygnanmak 1. to be collected 2. to amass
Øygnanyºyk 1. collection, gathering, harvest 2. party, gathering
Øygnaºdyrmak to tidy up
Øygra shy, timid
Øygralyk shyness, timidity
Øygren? hateful
Øygrenmek to hate
Øygrykmak to become embarassed, perplexed
Øygrylmak 1. to shrink, be shy 2. to waver
Øygºyrmak to hide, conceal
Øygy thick, dense, deep
Øygy-Øygydan often
Øygyjy I. 1. typesetter, compositor 2. collector II. harvesting, harvest
Øygym collection, gathering
Øygym?y collector
Øygyndy I. collector II. selection
Øygyrmak 1. to crumple, twist, wrinkle 2. to draw in
Øygyrt wrinkled
Øykgyn?ylyk sabotage, diversion
Øykmak to destroy, demolish, knock down, overthrow
Øykylmak 1. to fall 2. to die 3. to be ruined, wrecked
Øykyrdamak to chuckle
Øyl year
Øylamak to warm up, heat up
Øylan snake
Øylatmak to warm, heat
Øyldan frisky
Øyldan-Øyla from year to year
Øyldanlyk friskiness
Øyldyramak to sparkle, glitter, flash
Øyldyrawuk sparkly, glittery
Øyldyrym ?akmak lightning to strike
Øyldyrym lightning
Øyldyz star
Øylgyrmak to smile
Øylgyrys smile
Øyllyk 1. annual 2. anniversary
Øylmamak to cut, hew
Øylmanak smooth
Øylpyldamak to twinkle
Øylpyldy 1. light 2. blaze, flash
ØylsaØyn year by year
Øyly pleasant, warm
Øylylyk 1. warmth 2. temperature
Øylynmak to warm up, heat
Øyly–-Øylyna from year to year
Øyrºarmak to grin, smile
Øyrtmak to tear off, break off
Øyrtyjy 1. beast 2. predator 3. bird of prey
Øyrtyk 1. torn, broken, ripped 2. slit, torn
Øyrtylmak to tear, be torn
Y
ybadathana 1. council, diet 2. cathedral
ybarat bolmak to consist
ybarat comprised of
ydysat?y economist
ygal rain, precipitation
ygally rainy
yglan etme announcement
yglanetmek to declare
ygºyldamak to rustle
ygºyldy rustle
ygtyØar permission, license
ygtyØarly entitled
ygtyØarsyz 1. without permission 2. against one's will
yhlas zeal
yhlasly zealous, eager
yk leeward
ykbal fate
ykdysady economy
ykdysadyØet economics
ykjam strong, hearty, firm, robust, solid
ykjamak 1. to sway, swing, flicker 2. to shake, rattle, rock
ykjamlamak to gather, collect
yklamak to take shelter
ykmak to linger, loaf around
ykmanda tramp, vagabond
ykrar etmek to recognize
ykyrdamak to crunch, gnash, creak
ykyrdy creak, scratch
ylalaºdyrmak to reconcile
ylalaºmak to agree, make up, be reconciled
ylalaºyksyz disagreeable
ylalyºyk harmony, agreement
ylaØta particularly
ylgamak to run
ylgamak to run
ylgaw run, running, escape
ylham inspiration
ylmy scientific
ylym science, knowledge
ylymly educated
ymam pilgrim (one who has made the trip to Mecca)
ymarat building
ymgyr boundless, unlimited
ymtylmak 1. to desire, long for 2. to aspire, strive to
ymykly 1. serious 2. final, definitive
ynam belief
ynamly 1. reliable, dependable, sure 2. firm, steady, confident 3. trustworthy
ynan? belief
ynandyrmak to convince
ynandyryjy convincing, urgent
ynanja– trusting, confidential
ynanmak to believe, to trust
ynjalyk rest, repose, peace, calm
ynjalykly comfortable
ynjalyksyzlandyrmak to alarm, disquiet
ynjalyksyzlanmak to be anxious, to worry
ynjalyksyzlyk unrest
ynjamak to be afflicted, distressed
ynjatmak to grieve
ynjyk 1. capricious, whimsical 2. tender, fond, delicate, soft, sentimental
yns-jyns nothing, no one
ynsan human
ynsanyØet humanity
ynsap 1. conscience 2. justice, truth
ynsaply 1. conscientious 2. just, fair, true, right
ynsapsyz 1. unconscious 2. unjust, unfair, untrue
ynsapsyzlyk 1. unconsciousness 2. unfairness
y––yldamak to whine,. snivel
y––yldy whine
yralamak to swing, rock
yramak to swing, rock
yranmak to swing, rock
yra– atmak to swing, rock
yrga rolling, pitching
yrgyldamak to vibrate, move
yrgyldatmak to vibrate, oscillate
yrgyldy oscillation, vibration
yrmak to bend, incline
yrsaramak to find fault with
yrØa loss, waste
ys odor, smell, aroma
ysgamak to smell
ysgyn strength, power, force, might
ysgynsyzlanmak to tire, lose energy
ysgynsyzlyk feebleness, weakness
yslanan rotten
ysly aromatic
ysmanak spinach
ysnyºmak to become friends
ysnyºyk closeness (emotional)
yssy hot
yssylamak to get hot, heat up
ysygra earrings
ysytma fever, malaria
yº crevice, slit, crack
yºk love
yºyk light
yºyklamak to spy, peep
yºyklandyrmak to touch up, brush up, refresh
yz 1. trace 2. backside, rear, base 3. close by
yza ache, pain
yzaly painful
yzarlamak 1. to track down 2. to trace, follow, look after, watch
yzgar moisture
yzgarly humid, damp
yzgyt caress, affection
yzlamak to whine, snivel
yzly-yzynda successively, one after the other
yzy bilen right after, behind, following
yzygideri consistent, successively
yzynda behind
yzzat reverence, respect, awe
Z
zabt etmek to invade, attack
zabun cruel
za?Øot r. exam
zag crow, raven
zagyrdamak to shake, tremble
zakaz r. order, command
zakaznoØ by order, by command
zakyja jackdaw
zal r. hall
zalym tyrant, tyrannical
zalymlyk tyranny
zaman epoch, era, time
zam?a type of melon
zamun bail, surety, guarantee
zapas r. storage, savings, back-up
zaply 1. strong 2. swift, sudden
zapowednik r. preserve, reserve
zar die, dice
zarba swift attack, blitzkreig
zarbykdyrmak to wound, to inflict harm
zarbykmak to be hurt, to be inflamed
zar–yldamak to call, ring
zarp strength, force, power
zarp?y battler, fighter
zarplandyrmak to strengthen
zarplanmak to be strengthened
zarØadi r. 1. charge (electric) 2. cartridge, ammunition
zarØadka r. 1. drill, exercise 2. loading, charging
zarØadlamak to load, to charge
zaryn mournful, sad, plaintive
zarynlamak to mourn
zastawa r. outpost
zat thing
zawod r. factory
zaØa spoiled
zaØa?ylyk rotteness
zaØalamak to pollute, spoil
zaØalamak to spoil, ruin
zaØalanan spoiled
zaØalanmak to spoil, go bad
zaØawka r. claim, demand
zaØleek to dampen, liquify, moisturize
zaØom r. loan
zehin talent, gift
zehinli talented, gifted
zehinsiz untalented
zelel harm
zelelli harmful
zemzen giant lizard
zenzele noise, racket
zerarly because
zergŠr jeweler
zerrin bolmak to be stuffed (from eating)
zerur necessary
zerurlyk need
zeØ dampness, moisture
zeØilli such
zeØren? complaint
zeØrenmek to complain
zeØtin olive
zŠherli poisonous
zŠhmet labor
zibil litter, trash, garbage
zna?ok r. sign
zogdyrylmak to spurt, gush, rush out
zol all the time, constantly
zolak 1. bar 2. band, belt, strip
zolakly striped
zoluk compulsion
zomamak to go, to press forward, to push
zomp edip ?ykak to jump out, to spring forth suddenly
zompa suddenly
zona r. zone
zoologik r. zoological
zoologiØa r. zoology
zor 1. strong 2. force, forceful
zoraØakdan by force, forcibly
zordan with effort
zorlamak to compell, to force
zowlatmak to shout, cry out
zowwam straight, through
zowzuldamak to worry
zšmmek pointed, conical
zšrletmek to howl
zšwwe immediately, without delay
zulum opression, tyranny
zut ga?yp gitmek to run away
zŸwwetdin coward
zweno r. a link, section, row
zynjyr chain
zy–mak to throw
zyØan harm
A
a bir
a little biraz, ?alaja, sŠhel, az-oblak, birazajyk
a lot kŠn, kšp, san-sajak, sansyz-sanjak-syz, en?eme, gerk-gŠbe
a lot of kšp?Ÿlik, topbak
A student bŠºlik
ability baºarnyklyk, gurbat, gurp, ukyplylyk, ukyp
able baºarnykly, gurbatly, škde, gurplanmak, gurply, ukyply
abnormal ºumroØ
abode mesgen
abolish goØbolsun etmek, syndyrmak, synmak, Øatyrmak
abolition Øatyrlma
about barada, hakynda, takmyn, Ÿstaºyr, golaØ
above daºgyn, Øokarlygyna, Øokarsyna, Øokary, Øorkaryk
abrasion dyrna?ak
absence Øokluk, propusk(r)
absent-minded sšlpi
absolute hyryn-dykyn, tŸmmek
absolute pitch owaza
absolutely dŸØbŸnden
absolutely dry gus-gury
absorb si–dirmek, sormak
absorbant cotton pamyk
abstract kospekt(r), kospektirlemek(r)
absurd bolgusyz
abundance bereket
abundant bereketli, bolu?lyk, barly
abuse sšgmek
abusive paØyº
accelerate tizleºdirmek, ?altlandyrmak
accent ºiwe
accept kabul etmek
acceptable makul
accident betbagtlyk
accidental tštŠnleØin
accomodate Øerleºdirmek
accomplish tamamlanmak
accomplished ŸstŸnlikli
accordance kybap, laØyklyk
accordant sazlaºyk
accordian garmon(r)
according to boØun?a
account hasap
account of hasabat
accountant hasap?y
accuracy mergenlik
accurate rejeli
accusative (gram.) aØypgy?
accuse of Øazgarmak
ache yza, syrkyramak, syzlamak, syrkawlamak
achievement ŸstŸnlik
acid kislota(r)
acquaint tanyºdyrmak
acquaintance belet?ilik, tanyº-biliº, tanyºlyk
acquainted belet
acquire adykmak
acrobat akrobat(r)
action amal, perde
active aktiw(r), janly
activity iº
actor aktØor(r), artist(r)
actual ºindiki
adapt adatlanmak, uØgunlaºdyrmak
adaptation werdiº
add gatmak, goºmak
add a layer gatlamak
add on goºmak
addition goºma?a
address adres(r), ?ykyw, jarnama, ØŸzlenmek
adherent Øaran
adjective sypat
adjoining garºy
admiral admiral(r)
admire haØran galmak
admirer mu?dak
admit boØun almak
admonition tšwella, pent
adolescence Øetginjeklik, juwanlyk, Øigitlik
adolescent Øetginjek
adopted šweØ
adopted child ogullyk
adorn nagyºlamak, haºamlamak
adornment haºam, ºaØ
adroit ?akgan
adroitness ?akganlyk
advance ?ozmak, Øšremek
advance in pregnancy agralmak
advantage bŠhbit, nebis
adverb ahwalet
adversary garºydaº
advertisement reklama(r)
advice ge–eº, maslahat, sala, sowet(r), habardar
advise ge–eºmek
adviser maslahat?y
advisors šwŸt-nesihat
aesthetic estetik(r)
aesthetics estetika(r)
affability mylakat
affable hoºamaØ, mylakatly
affair iº
affect degirmek
affection hšre-kšºe, yzgyt
affectionate ØŸrekdeº
affirmative pola£hitel(r)
affix affiks(r)
African afrikaly
after so–raundan, so–
afternoon šØle, šØle/šØlŠn, šØlŠn
aftertaste ?škŸndi
again baryp, tŠzeden, Øene, gaØtandan, ikilen?
against gabat, garºy, tersine
against one's will ygtyØarsyz
age garrylyk, gojalyk, Øaº, garramak, (said of men) gojamak
aged garry
agenda gŸn tertibi
agile ?alasyn
agility ?alasynlyk
agitate tolgundyrmak
agitation tolgunyºyk
ago mundan š–, š–
agree o–lamak, razylaºmak, ylalaºmak
agree upon ugurlaºmak
agree with gšwnamek
agreeable ?ekimiz, razy
agreement ylalyºyk, razØlyk
agressor basybalyjy
agriculture ekeran?ylyk, oba hojalygy
ah! ŠhŠ
ah! I see! Š
aha! aha
aid Øardam, dalda, goldaw, haraØ, hemaØat, goldamak
aim maksat, gezemek, gšz š–Ÿnde tutmak
aim at dogrulamak
aimless peØwagtna
air asman, howa, ºemallatmak
air out Øelejiretmek
airheaded Øe–ilkelle
airplane samolØot(r), u?ar
airs howala
alarm howsala, trewoga(r), rahatsyzlandyrmak, ynjalyksyzlandyrmak
alarmed rahatsyzlanmak
alarming howsalaly
alcohol ?akyr
alcoholic drink i?gi
alert syn?y, hŸºgŠr, howsala, hŸºgŠr, trewoga(r)
alertness hŸºgŠrlik
alien Øat
alive diri, diriligene, janly
all barha, bary, Šhli, hemme, tŸkel, her, em
all day gŸnaºa, gŸnŸzin
all in all bary-Øogy
all of a sudden birdenka, tapba
all one's life šlin?a
all the time zol
Allah hudaØ
allegiance wepalylyk
alley skwar(r)
allow speak gepletmek
ally Øoldaº
almost diØen Øaly, takmynan, tas, takmyn
alone Øeke, Øeke-?Šk, tŠk
along boØun?a
alphabet elipbiØ
alphabet book harplyk
alphabet letter harp
already I era eØØam
also hem
alter ŸØtgetmek, šzgertmek
alteration ŸØtgeºiklik
alterations šzgeriºlik
altercation tersleºik
alternate gezekleºmek
always elmydam, elmydama, hemiºe, mydama, hernŠ
amass Øygnanmak
amateur šwrenje
amateurs hšwesje–ler
amazing tŠsin
ambassador il?i
amiable mylakatly
ammendment dŸzediº
ammunition ok-dari, zarØadi(r)
amount mukdar, san, pylan?a
amuse gŸØmemek
amusement hezillik
amusing gŸØmenje
analysis der–ew
anchor labyr
ancient gadym, gojaman, goja
and we
and even more Øene
and with that... galyberse-de
anecdote ºorta sšz
anew gaØtandan, tŠze?e, Øamaºgan, Øamaºgandan, tŠzeden
angel periºde
anger gazap, gahar getirmek, gatyrganmak
angle bur?, ?Ÿ–k, Øartma?
angry gazaply, gy–yr, gaharjan
animal haØwan, sŸØdemdirijiler
animal breeder maldar
animal food iØm
animal skin ham
animosity duºman?ylyk
ankle topuk
anniversary Øyllyk
announcement bildiriº, yglan etme
annoy irizmek, ØŸrege dŸºmek
annoyance gikilewik
annual Øyllyk
annul syndyrmak
anonymous anonom
another šzge
answer jogap, jogap bermek
answer correctly dŸrs jogap bermek
ant garynja
antiquity gadymy
anxiety howatyr, Ÿnji
anxious rahatsyzlanmak
any islŠn, kes
anything nŠmede bolsa bir zat
apartment kwartira(r)
ape maØmyn
apologize štunmenk
apology štŸn?, štŸn?
apparent belki
appeal jarnama, ºikaØat
appeal to ØŸz tutmak
appear gšrŸnmek, sekmek
appear in the distance magallaklamak
appear suddenly inmek
appearance mysala, sypat, syrat, gšrnŸº, kysym, sypat, keºp
append goºmak
appendage goºma?a
appendix goºma?a
appetite iºdŠ
applaud el ?arpmak
applause ?arpyºyk
apple alma
apply for ØŸz tutmak
appointment wezipe
appraise nyrhlamak
appreciation minnetdarlyk
appreciative minnetdar
apprehension howatyr
apprentice ºŠgirt
apprenticeship ºŠgirtlik, taglymat, tŠlim
approach ebeteØ, ?emeleºmek, golaØlamak
approimately takmyn
appropriate laØyk, Øerlikli
approval synag, tekge
approve of makullamak
apricot erik
apricot pit tow?a
apron fartuk(r)
apropos Øerlikli
aquire kuwwatlanmak
arbitrariness eden-etdilik
archeological arheologik(r)
archeologist arheolog(r)
archeology arheolog(r)
architecture arhitektura(r)
archive arhiw(r)
ardour howur
area meØdan?a
argue ?ekeleºmek, dawalaºmak, jedelleºmek, (with someone) jetleºmek
argument jedel, tutaryk, dawa
argumentative dawaly, jedilli
arid gurak
arise dšremek, ØŸze ?ykmak
arm gol
arm oneself Øaraglanmak
arm someone Øaraglandyrmak
Armanian ermeni(r)
armed Øaragly
armfull gujak
armless golsuz, golak
armpit goltuk
army goºun
aroma ys
aromatic hoºboØ, ysly
arouse interest in hšweslendirmek
arrange ugurlaºmak, sšzleºmek
arranged ?Šklenmek
arrest tussag etmek
arrested person tussag
arrive gelmek, ?emeleºmek
arrogance gedemlik, tekepbirlik
arrogant gopbamsy, gedam, gompy, tekepbir
arrow ok
art sungat, ?eper?ilik
artery damar
artful ?eper
article ?len(r), madda, (of magazine) makala
artifice pirim
artificial emeli, Øasama
artificial limb protez(r)
artillery artilleriØa(r)
artilleryman top?y
artist artist(r), hudo£nik(r), surat?y, hŸnŠrment
artless gšwna?yk
as hškmŸnde, dek
as before kšne?e
as far as possible mŸmkingadar
as if goØŠ, gšzØ, hamala
as it were hamala, hernŠ
as much as is needed geregi?e
as one birlikde
as soon as dessine
as such hol, ºeØle-de, tŸØsli, beØle
as though goØŠ, hamala
as yet entek
as you would (pl.) sizing?e
ash-pit (of a furnace) kšrŸk
ashamed of utanmak
ashes kŸl
ashtray kŸldan
ask eØgermek, dilemek, soramak, soramak, ?intgemek
ask for haØyº etmek
ask someone a question soraºmak
asphalt asfalt(r)
aspire ymtylmak
assault tutnak
assemble toplanmak
assembly gurultaØ, montaA(r)
assess nyrhlamak
assignment komandirowka(r)
assimilate šzleºdirmek
assist arkalaºmak
assistance Øowar
assistant assistent(r), kšmek?i, laborant(r)
association bileleºik
assume ?aklamak, ?enlemek
asthma demgysma
astonishment haØran
astronaut komonawt(r)
astronomer astronom(r)
astronomy astronomiØa(r)
at golaØynda, Ÿstaºyr
at attention smirno(r)
at dawn da–dan
at fault mŸØnli
at first š–Ÿrti
at last teØ-ahyr
at once derrew, ur-tut
at present hŠzir
at random oØlamazdan
at the right time wagtly-wagtynda, wagtynda
at the very beginning ozalynda
at the wrong time biwagt
at will isleg boØun?a
athletics atletika(r)
atlas(r) atlaz
atmosphere atmosfera(r)
atom atom(r)
attach with glue Øelmemek
attached with glue Øelmeºmek
attack jenaØat?ylyk, hŸjŸm, jabjynmak, kakyn, zabt etmek, aralaºmak
attacker jenaØeakŠr
attain success rowa?lanmak
attempt synanyºyk, dyrjaºmak, synanmak
attend gatnaºmak
attention dykgat, garaºyk, Ÿns
attentively si–e
attitude garaØyº
attitudes otnoºenie(r)
attract šzŸ–e ?ekmek
attractive gšrnŸkli
audience di–leØji
auditiorium auditoriØa(r)
aunt daØza
authentic Šhtibar
authority at-abraØ, hŠkimiØet
automobile maºyn
autumn gŸØz
available nagt
avaracious husyt
avenue prospekt(r)
average orta?al
avoid ga?alaklamak, Øadyrgamak, ga?a durmak, ga?gakmak, ga?alak etmek
avoidance ga?alga
awake oØa, turmak
awaken oØarmak
awe yzzat
awkward emelsiz, mŸØnŸrgemek
awkwardness emelsizlik
awl biz
awning bassyrma, telŠr
axe palta
axis ok
B
baby bala, bŠbek, prezent
baby donkey taØhar
baby goat owlak
bachelor sallah
back ?šwre, geriº, Øagyrny, (adj.) syrtky, (physical) arka
back of a horse/donkey sagry
back-up zapas(r)
backside syrt, yz
bacteria bakteria(r)
bad bet, erbet, myrtar, pis, ugursyz, Øaman, Øaramaz
bad feelings jetlik
bad luck betbagt
badger torsuk
badness betlik, erbetlik
bag bukja, sumka(r), torba
baggage bagaj(r)
bail zamun
bake pe? etmek, Øapmak
baked meat pie i?lekli, i?lik
balance terezi, taØlamak
balcony balkon(r)
bald sakar kelle
ball pškgi, ºar(r), top
ballet balet(r)
ballistic ballistik(r)
balloon howa ºary
banal len? bolmak
band zolak
bandage sarag
bandit galtaman, garak?y
bandy-legged ?aslyk, ?aغyk
banister tutawa?
bank bank, se––er
banquet wreath ?emen
bar zolak
baracade barrikada(r)
barb tiken
barbarism gerbariØ(r)
barbed tikenli
barber dellek
barber shop dellekhana
barefoot aØakØala–a?
bargain sšwdalaºmak
bark gabyk
barley arpa
barren gysyr
barrier barØer(r)
barter ?alºyrmak, ?alyºmak
base baza(r), esas, dŸØp, tyl
basement Øerzemin, podwal(r)
bashful utanja–
basic esasy
basically esasan
basin legen, ta––yr
basis esas, fundament(r)
basket kuzow(r)
baste kšklemek
basting kšk
bath wanna(r)
bath-house hammam
battallion batalion(r)
battery batareØa(r)
battle sšweº
battler zarp?y
bawl ?ygyrmak
bay (color of a horse) dor
bayonet naØza
bazaar bazar
be bolmak
be able to škdelemek, bilmek, edip bilmek, baºarmak
be absorbed si–mek
be afflicted ynjamak
be afraid eØmenmek, namartlamak, gorkmak, ?ekinmek, ŸØºenmek, haØykmak, o–kuldamak
be aired out ºemallamak, Øelejirmek
be alerted keØkertmek, šzgermek
be amused gŸØmenmek
be angry hyrsyzlanmak, sortdurmak
be annoyed hyrsy–y diºlemek
be anxious ynjalyksyzlanmak
be at the end sŸØrenjen, sŸØrenmek
be bankrupt tozmak
be beautified owadanlanmak
be bent bŸkŸlmek, egrelmek
be bloated Øellenmek
be born dogulmak, dŸnØŠ inmek, šnmek
be broken Øolunmak
be burned up kšØmek
be bursting dyzamak
be capricious nŠzirgemek
be captivated gŸrma bolmak
be careful ŠgŠ bolmak
be chosen saØlanmak
be cleaned saplanmak
be cold ټemek, ټetmek
be collected Øygnanmak
be compatible o–uºmak
be complicated ?ylºyrymlaºdyrmak
be concealed gizlemek
be cooked biºmek
be coupled with garpyºmak
be courteous salykatly
be covered with mist nemjiremek
be dampened nemlenmek
be dazed gamaºmak
be defeated basylmak
be delayed tŠsgenmek, eglenmek
be dented Øemºermek
be destroyed ?agsamak, opurylmak
be detained gŸØmenmek
be digested si–mek
be directed e–mek, gšnŸmek
be disappointed lapyke? bolmak
be disgusted gamaºmak
be disheveled imeºmek
be dispirited lapyke? bolmak
be divided paØlanmak
be driven crazy bizar bolmak
be drizzled si––itli
be dumb-founded sšmelmek
be empty takyramak
be engaged (in) meºgullanmak
be entitled to hakly bolmak
be eroded oburylmak
be eyes and ears) gšz-gulak bolmak
be faced with du?ar bolmak, duº bolmak
be fallen ilmek
be fascinated with gyzmak
be fed iØmitlenmek
be fermented ajamak
be fervoured gyzykmak
be filled dolmak
be finished tŸkenmek, Øolgalmak
be firm ersmek
be flipped over dšnmek
be fond of gowy gšrmek
be found tapylmak, oguºØa
be founded on esasanlamak
be fragrant kŸkemek
be frightened Ÿrkmek, hopukmak
be frosty jybarlamak
be frozen do–mak
be fulfilled bitmek
be glad mon?a bolmak
be glued Øelmeºmek
be going (on a regular basis) gatnamak
be guided gollanmak
be hackneyed len? bolmak
be hairy tŸØjermek
be hanging asylyp durmak
be happy sšØnmek
be hardened taplanmak
be heard owazlanmak, seslenmek
be hooked ilteºmek
be housed jaØlaºmak
be hunched over kŸØkermek
be hung sallanmak
be hungry ajykmak
be hurt zarbykmak
be idle Øaltanmak
be ill hassalamak, kesellemek, nŠsag bolmak, syrkawlamak
be improved Øagºylanmak, Øagºylaºmak
be in order hatarlamak
be in short supply gytalmak
be inflamed zarbykmak
be insecure aljyramak
be interested gyzyklanmak
be interesting to gyzykdyrmak
be introduced to tanyºmak
be isolated ?etleºmek
be jealous imtilmek, gabanmak
be knotted dŸwŸlmek
be late gijikmek
be lazy i––gildi, irinmek
be leafy Øapraklamak
be leaning sšØenmek
be led eØermek
be lengthened uzalmak
be lifted galmak
be lost Øitirim bolmak, ga?gakmak
be made of edilmek
be made well abadanlaºmak
be mistaken Øal–yºmak
be mixed bulanmak, garyºmak
be noted tapawutlanmak
be numb sŸu goºamak
be occupied (with) meºgullanmak
be offended gšwnŸne degilmek, kemsinmek, šØkelemek, torsarmak, Øokuº gšrmek, Øarsmak
be old ?agsamak
be on one's guard ټerilmek
be on the alert ټerilmek
be on time Øetiºmek
be oppressed ezilmek
be organized ?Šklenmek
be out of breath daljykmak
be parted dyr-pytrak bolmak, Øapyºmak
be placed goØulmak
be poured out dškŸlmek
be prim eljiremek
be propped up direnmek
be protected baØrynmak, goranmak
be proud buØsanmak, guwanmak
be proven subut bolmak
be provoked hekgermek
be pushed in dyknyºmak
be put together guranmak
be quarrelsome igenmek
be quiet dymmak
be ratified tassyklanmak
be reconciled ylalaºmak
be rectified dŸzelmek
be regarded hasaplanmak
be related garyndaºsyramak
be repeated gaØtalanmak
be resolved ?šzŸlmek
be right against galtaºdyrmak
be ruined bozylmak, Øykylmak
be satisfied kanagatlanmak, o–mak
be scared of Ÿrkmek
be settled Øerlemek
be shaken titretmek
be shamed uØalmak
be shortened keltelmek
be shy Øygrylmak, utanmak
be situated Øerleºmek
be snoopy sokgarylmak
be soaked sŸllŸmbaØ
be spoiled ajamak
be still ?Šºermek, durmak
be straightened up dogralmak
be strengthened zarplanmak
be stuffed (from eating) zerrin bolmak
be supported baØrynmak
be surprised ge–irgenmek
be sweet sŸØjemek
be swollen Øellenmek
be taken with deprenmek
be the first š–Ÿrtmek
be thirsty suwsamak, suwsamak
be tightened bŸzŸlmek
be tired irmek, pete– etmek
be torn Øyrtylmak
be tortured surnukmak
be uncaring dšzmek
be united birleºmek
be unpleasant Øokuº degmek
be unsettled gorsanmak
be upset periºan bolmak, rahatsyzlanmak
be vexed hekgermek
be victorious Øe–mek, ØŸwŸrmek
be warped Øarsmak
be wet sŸllŸmbaØ
be widened gi–elmek
be worn out kšnelmek
be worthy rowa bolmak
be woven dokalmak
be wrinkled bŸrjeºmek
beach plØa£(r)
beads hŸnji, monjuk
beam nur, pŸrs, ºšhle
beany kšsŸkli
bear (animal) aØy
bear (bring) gelmek
bear a burden jepa ?ekmek
bear fruit miwelemek
bearable ?ydamly
beard sakgal
beast Øyrtyjy
beat gŸrsŸldemek, urunmak
beat on Øen?mek
beat up Øen?mek
beautiful gelºikli, ka?a–, owadan, ajaØyp
beautiful woman perizat, nŠzenin
beauty gelºik, gšrk, gšzellik, owadanlyk
because ?Ÿnki, sebŠbi, zerarly
become a citizen raØat- bolmak
become a man kemal
become accustomed šwreniºmek
become aggravated Øitileºmek
become chilly ?igremek
become complicated ?ylºyrymlaºmak, kynlaºmak
become cool salkynlamak
become dark garalmak
become dense gal–amak
become disinterested sowamak
become distant uzaklaºmak
become dry kepemek, kakamak
become dull kŸtelmek
become dusty ?a––alak, tozanlamak
become easier Øe–lemek, Øe–leºmek
become embarassed Øygrykmak
become empty ?olarmak
become enervated ejizlemek
become entangled ?olaºmak
become fatigued leji ?ykmak
become flat maººarmak
become friends dostlaºmak, ysnyºmak
become full bitmek
become full of oneself gomparmak
become furious šjŸkmek
become ill nŠhoºlamak, nŠsaglamak
become infected simlemek
become inflamed ?iºmek
become interested in hšweslenmek
become literate sowatmak
become overripe mylkarmak
become pus-like iri–lemek
become quiet rahatlanmak, Ÿnjalmak
become rich baØan, baØanmak
become silent kšºeºnek
become small ownamak, uºamak
become soft myjjarmak–
become strong gurplanmak
become thin in?elmek
become warm maØlamak, ?igremek
become weather-beaten gaØzykmak
become wet šljermek
become wormy gurtlamak
become worn out leji ?ykmak
become wrinkled mŸrrelmek
become yellow saralmak
bed dټek, krowat(r)
bed sheet porsyn(r)
bedbug tagtabiti
bedding Øorgan-dŸºek, dŸºek
bee ary
bee-keeper bal?y
beehive bort(r)
beer piwa(r)
beet ºugundyr
beet soup ººi(r)
before ozal, š–Ÿrti, š–Ÿsyra, gaº, mundan š–, š–in?Š
before sunset gijara
befriend tirkeºmek
beg šzelenmek
beggar aºaky, gedaØ
begin baºlamak, giriºmek, ge?mek
begin to grow ternelemek
beginning start(r)
behavior šzŸni alyp baryº, hŠsiØet, boluº
behind yzynda, yzy bilen
being barlyk
belch gŠgirmek
belief ynam, ynan?
believe ynanmak
bell ja–, jy––yrdy
bellow molamak
bellows kšrŸk, sana?
belly-button gšbek
belly-laugh wakyrdamak
belong degiºli bolmak
belongings emlŠk, goº-gola–, goº
beloved Øar, sšØli
below aºak, ast
below zero minus(r)
belt bilbag, guºak, bilguºak, zolak
Belugian doky
bend ?itmek, eplenmek, epilmek, bŸkmek, ?aغarmak, egmek, epmek, ga–rylamak, ga–yrmak, gaغartmak, gyºartmak, Øegºermek, yrmak, (oneself) bŸkŸlmek
bend back gaغartmak
beneficial haØyrly
benefit haØyr, Øagºylyk, gšnenmek
benevolent hoºniØetli
bent egri
berries kisel
besides daºyndan, ondan hem baºga
bestial wagºylar?a
betray satmak
betrothe adaglamak
betrothed adagly
between planets planetara(r)
between two people šzara
beverage host i?irgi
beware of howtyrlanmak
beyond daºgyn, gaØdyp
bibliophile kitaphon, kitapsšØŸji
bicycle welosiped(r)
big belent, ullakan, ?iºik
big in size uly
billion milliard(r)
bind bogmak, dolamak
bind (a book) jiltlemek
binding jilt
binoculars dŸrbi
biography biografiØa(r), terjimehal
biology biologiØa(r)
birch berØoza(r)
bird guº
bird of prey Øyrtyjy
bird-house ketek
birth dogluº, botlamak
birthday doglan gŸni
birthmark tŠ?
biscut kške
bit tike
bitch ganjyk
bite atagzy, ?okmak, diºlemek, garbak-gurbak etmek, garbanmak, ØŸrkese edinmek, ?eØnemek
bite through tamºanmak
biting ?apgyn
black gara
blackberry bšwŸrslen
blackboard tagta
blacken garalamak
blackhead dŸwŸrtik
blade tyg, gylaw, py?ak
blame aØyplamak, gŸnŠkŠrlemek, mŸØnli
blameless gŸnŠsiz
blank propusk(r)
blanket odeØal(r)
blaze Øylpyldy, labyrdamak, lowlamak
bleach heklemek
bleat ?ekremek, mŠlemek
bleed ganjarmak
blemish menek
blessed eºretli, sapaly
blessing pata
blind kšr
blindman's bluff (game) gšzdandy
blindness kšrlŸk
bliss rŠhnet
blissful rŠhnetli
blister pakgar?ak
blitzkreig zarba
blizzard syrgyn
block beklemek
blood gan, sŸØtdeº
bloodless gansyz
bloody ganly
bloom gŸllemek
blooming gŸlle
blotch tegmil
blow urgy, šwŸsmek, Ÿflemek
blow one's nose sŸmgŸrmek
blow up maØyrmak, Øarmak
blue gšk
bluest gšm-gšk
blunt dŸrtme gŸrsak, tŸnt, kŸtek, kŸteltmek
bluntly ?Ÿrt-kesik
board tagta, mŸnmek, komissiØa(r), prowlenie(r)
boarded up jebis
boarding school internat(r)
boast gŸplemek, šwŸnmek, magtanmak
boasting šwŸnje–lik
boat gaØyk
bob (of an animal's tail) jontuk
bobbin tigir
body beden, endam, korpus(r), lŠsh, jisim
boil baº, ?yban, gaØnamak, gaØnatmak, (water for tea) demlemek
boiled gaØnag
bold ØŸrekli, batyr, ilgin?
boldness batyrlyk, ØŸreklilik
bolt kilt, kiltlemek
bomb bomba(r), bombalamak
bombastic epeØ
bone sŸ–k
bone marrow Øilik
book kitap
book-lover kitaphon, kitapsšØŸji
bookkeeper buhgalter(r), u?Øot?ik(r)
boot Šdik, Ÿste, Ÿstesine, mesi
booth kabina(r), atØatak
borax tenekar
border ara?Šk, ?et, ?Šk, ?il, gyra, lŸ–, pel, serhet, jŠhek, het
border guard serhet?i
bordering ara?Škdeº
bore burawlamak
boring gyzyksiz
borscht borº(r)
bosom emjek
boss baº tutan, baºlyk, na?alinik(r)
botanical botanika(r)
bother ØŸrege dŸºmek, pŠsgel bermek
bottle ?ŸØºe
bottom ast, dŸØp, aØagu?, teØ, syrt
bounce bškmek
boundary het, ?et
boundless ?Šksiz, ymgyr
bow egmek, tijemek, tijenmek
bowl ºakŠse, tabak, jam
bowstring kiri?
box gap, gapyrjak, guty, tahyl, Øaººik(r)
boxer boks?y
boxing boks(r)
boy oglan, ogul
boys and girls ogul-gyz
brace arkadaØŠn?, direg, diremek
bracelet bilezik
brag šwŸnmek, magtanmak, pa–lamak
braggard šwŸnje–
braid sa? šrŸmi, ?yrmaºmak, šrmek, šrmek
brain beØni
branch pudak, ºaha
branch out pudaklamak, ºahalamak
branchy ºahalak
brand tagma, tagmalamak, daglamak
brandish bulaØlamak
brave edermen, mert
bravely merdana, mertler?e
bravery pet
breach gŠdik
bread ?šrek, nan, Øatak, galla
breadth inli
breadwinner ekleØji
break tormoz(r), dšwmek, dšwŸlmek, kŸl-peekun etmek, omurmak
break down maØrylmak, haraplamak
break inpieces mynjyramak
break off Øyrtmak, gŠtmek
break out (in a rash) šrmek
break through bšwŸsmek
break up ?aºmak
break. time-out arakesme
breakage ºikes
breakfast ertirlik, ertirlik nahar
breast dšº, emjek, gšwŸs, gursak
breath dem
breath heavily demikmek
breathe dem almak
breeding edep
breeze šwŸsgin
brew lasyrdamak
bribe para
briber parahor
brick kerpi?(r)
bride gelneje, gelin
bride price galyn
bridge kšpri
bridge of the nose se–rik
bridle kelleki, uØan, uØanlamak
bridle a horse nogtalamak
briefcase portfel(r)
briefly gysga?a
brighten Øagtylmak
brilliance šwŸºgin, Øalpyldy
brilliant genial(r), lowurdawuk, Øalpyldawuk, ršwºen, Øalpylda duran
bring getirmek, eltmek, Šklemek, rejelemek, timarlamak, alyp gelmek
bring good tidings buºlamak
bring grief to gynamak
bring in girizmek
bring life janlandyrmak
bring up Øokarlanmak, terbiØelemek
brittle port
broken dšwŸk, harap, Øyrtyk, opmak
bronze bŸrŸn?
brood hen kŸrk
broom sŸbce
brother dogan, gardaº
brother -in- arms egindeº
brother-in-law ØŸwŸrji, giew
brotherhood doganlyk
brow ma–laØ
brown go–ur
bruise se–selik
brush ?otga(r), timar bermek, ?otgalamak(r)
brush against lak atmak
brush off silkmek, ?otgalamak(r)
brush up yºyklandyrmak
brushwood ?špleme
brutal wagºylar?a
bubble kšpŸrjik, lakyrdamak
bubbling lakyrdy
buck up gaØratlanmak
buckle toka
bud pyntyk, ºinde, gun?a
budge gymyldamak
budget bØujet(r)
bug mšjek
build gurmak
build firmly ersmek
building bina, jaØ, ymarat
building site obØekt(r)
bulging gŸber?ek
bull škŸz
bulldozer buldozer(r)
bullet se?me
bum sergezdan
bump pakgar?ak
bump against degmek
bun Øagly
bunch desse, hoºa, salkym
burden jepa
bureau bØuro(r)
burial jaØlama
burn garalmak, otlamak, štmek
burn up kšØmek
burning jokrama
burp gŠgirmek
burrow hin
burst ?atlamak
burst into kŸrsemek
bursting gyrylmak
bury gaplamak, jaØlamak
bus konductor(r)
business-like edenli
business-trip komandirowka(r)
businessman sšwdagar
bustle gaØmalaºmak
busy iºli, meºgul, baºagaØ
busy-body gep?i
but emma, weli
but also weli
butcher gassap
butchery šlºŸk
butt ?Ÿwde, sŸsmek
butt into dykylmak
butt of a joke oØnatgy
butter mesge
butterfly kebelek
button ilik, knopka(r), sadap
buy satyn almak
buy up towsa gštermek
buyer alyjy
buzz wazzyldy, gŸwwŸldemek, hyzlamak, ºuwlamak, ºyglamak, tarlamak, wazypdamak
by accident tštŠnden
by chance tštŠnleØin, ŠwŸl-sŠwŸl
by command zakaznoØ
by comparison gšrŠ
by correspondence gaØybana
by daylight Øagtygšzin
by foot pyØada
by force zoraØakdan
by no means teØ
by order zakaznoØ
by pairs ikibir
by portions paØa(r)
by the clock ?asowoØ(r)
by the hour ?asowoØ(r)
by the piece ØekeleØin
by the way Øogsa-da
by turns gezegine, gezek-gezigine
by way of Ÿsti bilen
by-pass sowulmak
by-passed sowa
C
c'mon bakaly
cabbage kellem
cabin kaØuta
cable tanap
cackle gagyldamak
cadaver maslyk, meØit
cafe kebaphana
cafeteria naharhana
cage kapasa
cake pirog(r), tort(r)
calculate hasap etmek, hasaplamak
calculation ras?Øot(r)
calendar kalendar(r)
calf (young cow) gšle
calico jir
call atlandyrmak, oØarmak, wizit(r), ?agarmak, jy––yrdamak, kšsemek, zar–yldamak, ?agyrmak
call order tertibe ?agyrmak
call up jy––yrdatmak
callous gabar?yk, gabarmak
calm haØ-kŸº etmek, hšre-kšºe etmek
calm down kšºeºnek, rahatlanmak, Ÿnjalmak
calmly ine-gana, mazaly
caloric kaloriØaly(r)
calorie kaloriØa(r)
calve botlamak, guzlamak
camel dŸØe, maØa, torum
camel's milk (fermented) ?al
camera fotoapparat(r)
camomille ?opantelpek
camp lager(r), dټelge
campaign ØšrŸº
can tŸ––Ÿn
canal kanal(r)
candidate kandidat(r), kandidatly(r)
candle ºem
candy marmelad(r), sŸØji
cane ?i–rik, taØak
canned foods konserw(r)
cannon top
cap papak
capability ukyp
capable ukyply, baºarnykly, gŸØ?li, škdelemek
capacity sygym
cape Øapynja
capital paØtagt
capitalism kapitalizm(r)
capitalist kapitalist(r)
capitalistic kapitalistik(r)
capricious ynjyk
captain kapitan(r)
captivating hezil
captive Øesir
captivity Øesirlik
capture eØelemek
caravan kerwen
carbon uglerod(r)
carbonated gazly
carcass lŠsh
card karto?ka(r)
cardboard karton
care gšzeg, ideg, ºšwŸr
care for alada etmek, aladalanmak
carefree biagyry
careful usully, ŠtiØa?ly, seresap
carefully seresaply
careless biagyry, biparh, hapysa, howul-hara
carelessness gele–sizlik
cares alada, hysyrdy
caress hšre-kšºe, yzgyt
cargo ØŸk
cargo ship teplowoz(r)
carnage gyrgyn?ylyk
carnation dal?yn
carnival karnawal
carpenter gurluºyk?y
carpet haly
carpet maker haly?y
carpet-making dokma
carrot kŠºir
carry daºamak, Škitmek, ºugullamak
cart araba
cartilidge gemir?ek
cartoon karikatura(r)
cartoon character ºar£
cartridge zarØadi(r)
case Øaººik(r), delil, tahyl
cashier kassir(r)
cashier's desk kassa(r)
cask ?elek
cast a spell jadylamak
cast down sallamak
cast iron ?oØun(r)
caste jyn, synp
casting (metal) guØma
casual tštŠnden, tštŠnleØin
cat piºik
catalogue katalog
catastrophe helŠk?ilik
catch kilt, gapmak
catch a cold ?igreklemek, sowuklamak, Øo–lamak, Ÿºemek
catch hold of iØilmek
categorically ?Ÿrt-kesik
category kategoria, azrØad(r)
cathedral ybadathana
cats guzlamak
cattle mal
cause i–irdi, sebŠp, sypalga
cause pain agyrtmak, uwlundyrmak
cause trouble i–irdemek
caution ŠtiØa?
cautious aØawly, ŠtiØa?ly
cave gowak, sŸren, kšwek
cave in gaغarmak
cease di–mek, tŸketmek, togtamak
ceiling potolok(r)
celebrate dabaralanmak
celebrated meºhur
celebration dabara, toØ
cellar podwal(r)
cellophane sellofan(r)
cellulose sellØuloza(r)
cement sement(r), sementlemek
cemetery mazar?ylyk, šwlŸØa
center merkez, orta, ojak, uzel(r), jŸmmŸº
centimeter senitmeter(r)
central merkezi
central design gšl
centralize merkele?dirmek
century asyr
cerebral cortex gyzamyk
ceremonial dabaraly
ceremony dabara
certain gŸrrŸ–siz, hatyrjem
certain people kŠbiri
certificate ºahadatnama, ºaØatnama
chaff harpyk
chain zynjyr
chair oturgy?, stul(r)
chalk hek, mel(r), hek
chamber kamera(r), palata(r)
champion ?empion(r)
championship ?empionat(r)
chance mŸmkin?ilik
chancellor rektor(r)
chandelier lØstra(r)
change šzgeriº, šzgertmek, ?alyºmak, ŸØtgetmek, (returned money) gaØtargy
change clothes ?alºyrynmak
change money ownatmak
changes šzgeriºlik
chaos garma-gŸrmelik
chapati ?apady
chapped gaØzykmak
chapter bap
char gara-šrt bolmak
character gylyk, hŠsiØet, hŠsiØet
characteristic harakteristika(r), mahsus, has, reje
characterize hŠsiØetlendirmek
charge oklamak, zarØadlamak, (electric)
zarØadi(r) FALSE
charge with Øazgarmak
charge with a comission tabºyrmak
charitable ge?irimli
charter ustaw(r)
chase kowgy, ?ekankalamak, kowalmak
chat sšhbet, lakgyldamak
chatter warsaky, gygyrmak, madyrdamak, samahylamak
chauffeur ºofØor(r)
cheat kezzap
cheating kezzaplyk
check ?ek, barlamak
check against de–emek, de–eºdirmek, deºirmek
check-up barlag
checkers (Asian style) ºaºka(r)
cheek duluk, Øa–ak
cheek-bone ?ekge
cheer up gšwnŸne gotermek
cheerful mes, ºagala–ly
cheerfulness meslik
cheese peØnir
chemical himiki(r)
chemistry himiØa(r)
cherished jana-jan
cherry Ÿlje
chess kټt
chess player kŸºtºi
chest kŸkrek, sandyk, Øaººik(r)
chew ?enemek, ?eØnemek
chew nuts ?itgitlemek
chick jŸØje
chicken towuk
chicken pox garamyk
chief na?alinik(r), baº tutan
chigger sakyrtga
child ?aga, prezent
childhood ?agalyk, oglanlyk
childness ?agalyk
children ?aga-?uga
children's ?aga
chill Øo–
chime ºa––yrdy
chimney truba(r)
chin alkym, e–ek
china farfor(r)
chintz jir
chinze ?it
chirp ºatyrdamak, ?akmak
chisel oØmak
chit-chat gŸmŸr-yamyr
chocolate ºokolad
choice saØlama
choke hopukmak
choke on dŸwŸnmek
cholera mergi
choose saØlamak, se?mek
chop kotlet(r), ?ybyklamak, ?apmak, kŠtmenlemek
chop off gŠtmek
chop up ker?emek
chop with an axe paltalamak
chopper ?apgy
chosen saØlanan, saØlama
chronic šwrendekli
chronicle hronika(r)
chubby lopbush, pškgi
chuckle hykyrdy, hykyrdamak, Øykyrdamak, pykyrdamak
chunk ker?
church buthana
churn up saØmak
cigarette ?ilim
cipher ºifr(r)
ciphere ºifrlemek(r)
circle aØlag, aØlaw, sirkul(r), syramak
circular aØlawly, tegelek
circulation tira£
circumcision sŸnnet
circus sirk(r)
circus arena maner
cistern sisterna(r)
cite salgylanmak
citizen grajjdan(r)
citizens halk
citizenship raØat
city ºŠher
claim zaØawka(r), talap
clamorous haØØar
clamp gapjawa?, gapjamak
clamp on to garpyºmak
clan taØpa, tire
clap el ?arpmak, ?arpmak
clarified butter saryØag
clarify saplamak, anyklyk
class synp, razrØad(r), klas(r)
classical klassyky
classical writer klassyk
classmate klasdaº
clatter ºarkyldamak, ºarkyldy, tyrkyldy
claw dyrnak, Øumak
clay laØ, pal?yk, toØun
clay oven tamdyr
clean arassa, pŠkize, tŠmiz, pŠk, taraºlamak, arassalamak, ?otgalamak(r)
cleanliness pŠkizelik, tŠmislik
cleanse taraºlamak, tŠmizlemek
cleansing taraº
clear dŸºnŸkli, pŠk, durlamak
clear off gyrty?
clearing meØdan
cleave ?ybyklamak
clever berekella, dټbi, akylly
cleverness dŸºbŸlik
click ti––irdi, ºy––yrdamak, ti––irdemek, ti––irdetmek
click one's tongue pitikilemek
client mŸ?deri
cliff gaØa
climb dyrmaºmak, hopba bolmak, Øarmaºmak, Øokary ?ykmak
clinic dispanser(r), klinika(r)
clip endiganlamak
clippings galak-gal?ak
cloak Øapynja
clock sagat
clod lokga, tokga
close kapas, tagaºykly, basyrmak, Øapmak, Øummak
close eyes sŸzŸlmek
close to duº
closed Øapyk
closely duºly
closeness golaØlyk, (emotional) ysnyºyk
cloth mata
clothes egin-eºik, eºik, eºikler, geØim, geØim-eºik, geØim-gejim
clothes peg ildirgi?
clothesline sim
clothing eginbaº, lybas, Ÿst-baº
cloud bulut, bŸremek
cloudburst jala
cloudy alasarmyk, gamaºyk, (personal) ?ytyk
clover Øorunja
club klub(r), kru£ok(r), taØak
cluck kŠkelemek, wakgyldamak
clump desse
clumsy nalajedeØin
cluster hoºa
clutch gysym
coach trener(r)
coal kšmŸr
coarse harsal
coast kenar, gyra
coat begres, penjek, ?aØmak
coating Øorka
cobweb kerep
cock horaz, mŠºe
cocoa kakao(r)
cocoon pile
coddled lŠlik
code ºifr(r), ºifrlemek(r), (of law) kodeks(r)
coffee kofe(r)
coffin tabyt
cogitate šlºermek
coil tegek
coin ºaØy, te––e, ?ekankalamak
coincide gabat gelmek
cold sowuk, sowuklyk, Øo–
cold-bloodedness sowukganlylyk
colic sanjy
collaboration hyzmat daºlyk
collapse lagºamak
collar hamyt, hamytlamak
colleague iºdes, iºger, iºgŠr, kŠrdeº
collect ŸØºŸrmek, Øygnamak, ykjamlamak, ?šplemek
collection kolleksiØa(r), Øygnanyºyk, Øygym
collective farm kolhoz(r)
collective farmer kolhoz?i(r)
collector Øygym?y
collide ?akyºmak, ?aknyºmak, (head on) kaklyºmak
collision ?aknyºyk
cologne odekolon(r)
colonel polkownik(r)
colonial bakyna, koloniØal(r), golasty
colony kolonoØa(r)
color re–klemek, re–k
colored re–kli
colorful re–kli
colt taØ?anak, taØ
column kolonna(r), sŸtŸn, sŸtŸn
comb darak, keke?, timar bermek, daramak
comb one's hair tŸØtmek
combine kombaØn(r), urnamak, utgaºdyrmak, sapmak
come gelmek
come across tapmak, unamak, ?akyºmak, u?ramak
come apart ?aºmak
come back dolanmak
come down ?škmek, dŸºmek
come down on dazarylmak
come late gi?lemek
come off Øokmak, Øokuºmak
come on! davaØ(r)
come taking alyp gelmek
come the point dilleºmek
come to duº gelmek
come to life direlmek, janlanmak
come untied ?šzŸlmek
come up gšgermek
comedy komediØa(r)
comfort tagaºyk
comfortable amatly, jaØlaºykly, ynjalykly, ?emeli, tagaºykly
comfortably ornaºykly, Øerdeºikli
coming barlyºyk
coming out nejat
comission tabºyryk
comma otur
command buØruk, komandowanie(r), buØurmak, hškŸm, zakaz(r)
commandant komendant(r)
commander komandir(r), komanduØy?iØ(r), serkerde
commerce aluw-satuw, sšwda, sšwda
commissar komissar(r)
commission komissiØa(r), sargyt
commissions hysyrdy
committe komitet(r)
committee komissiØa(r)
commodity haryt
common umumy
common cold dŸmew
common people (???) garamaØak
commoness umumylyk
communism kommunizm(r)
communist kommunist(r)
communist youth league komsomol(r)
community umumylyk
community aid Øowar
companion ºŠrik, Øoldaº
company kampaniØa, rota(r)
comparison me–zetme
compartment (on a train) kupe(r)
compass kompas(r)
compassion mŠhri, rehim
compassionate dšzŸmsiz, rehimdar, rehimli
compel puºman getermek, zorlamak
compensate tšlemek
compensation šwez
compete Øaryºmak
compete with ?apyºmak
competition konkurs(r), Øaryº
compiler dŸzŸji
complain kŠØinmek, ºikaØat etmek, zeØrenmek, nalamak
complaint nalyº, ºikaØat, zeØren?, nala
complete ºalpy-ºara–, hyryn-dykyn, tamamlanmak, tŸmmek, torsuk, aØyrmak, so–lamak, Øerine Øetirmek, aØrylmak, (a set) komplektlemek(r), komplekt(r)
completely bŸtinleØ
complex ?ylºyrymly, kompleks(r)
complicate kynlaºdyrmak
complicated ?ylºyrymly
compliment šwmek
component goºulyjy
compose taØyarlamak
composed dŸzŸwli, gi–
composer kompozitor(r), dŸzŸji
composite kompleksleØin(r)
composition dŸzme, dŸzŸm, eser
compositor Øygyjy
compound goºma
comprehensive hemmetaraplaØyn
compress kompres(r)
comprised of ybarat
compulsion jebir, jepa, zoluk
compulsory mejbury, hškmany
conceal jaØlamak, Øygºyrmak, bukmak, gizlenmek, lak bolmak, Øaºyrmak, sumat bolmak
conceit men-menlik
conceited gompy, gopbamsy
concentrate Øygnamak
concern degirmek
concerning degiºli, dogruda
concert konsert(r)
concerted maslahatla?ylyk
concession egliºik
conclusion gutaryº, netije, karar
concordant sazlaºyk
concourse hŸmer
concrete beton(r)
condition ºert, ØagdaØ
conditional ºertli
conditions o––ut
conduct šzŸni alyp baryº, Øazlamak, ge?irmek, Øšretmek
conductor ge?iriji, prowodnik(r), (of a band or orchestra) dirijØor(r), (on a train) konductor(r)
confer maslahatlaºmak
conference konferensiØa(r), mejlis, gurultaØ, maslahat
confess boØun almak
confide sargamak, sarmak
confidential ynanja–
conflict dawa
conform laØyk bolmak
conformity kybap
confuse Øal–yºdyrmak, ?alºyrmak
confused garjaºmak
confusion bulam-bujar, se–selik, garma-gŸrmelik, haØa
congeal ºatlamak
congratulate gutlamak
congratulation mŸbŠrek
congratulations gutlag
congress kongres(r), slØot(r)
conical ?Ÿri, zšmmek
connect baglamak, sepiºmek, seplemek, ?itmek
connection ?itim, arabaglanºyk, aragatnaºyk
conquer ŸstŸn ?ykmak, Øe–mek, eØelemek
conscience wyjdan, ynsap, namys
conscientious ynsaply
consciousness mŸØn
consecutive birsydyrgyn
consequently netijede
conservatory konserwatoriØa(r)
consider hasaplamak, Šsgermek, saØmak
considerable esli, ŠhmiØetli
consideration oØlanma
considered hasaplanmak, oØlanyºykly
consist ybarat bolmak
consistent kanagatly, yzygideri
consolidate pugtalandurmak, jebisleºmek
consolidation jebislik
consonant ?ekimsiz ses
conspiracy dildŸwºŸk
constantly zol
constitution konstitutsiØa(r), sŸu
construction gurluº, gurluºlyk, konstruksiØa(r)
consul konsul(r)
consulate konsulhana(r), konsullyk(r)
consult hštde gelmek, ?aramak, maslahatla?mak
consultation konsultasiØa(r)
consume sarp etmek, sowmak
contain eklemek
contemporary hŠzirki, (peer) dšwŸrdeº
content mazmuny, razy
contentment razØlyk
contest konkurs(r)
continent materik
continental kontinental(r)
contingent kontingent(r)
continual ?ykgynsyz
continually dura-bara, durdugy?a
continue dowam etmek
continuous birsyhly
contract potrat?ylyk, ºertnama
contradictory gapma-garºy
contribution goºant
contrive tos-toslamak
control kontrol(r), kontrollyk(r), dolandyrmak, ge?irmek
controller kontrolØor(r)
controversy ?ekeleºik
convenience tagaºyk
convenient ?emeli, tagaºykly
convenient situation ?eme
convention gurultaØ
conversation gep-gŸrrŸ–, gep, gŸrrŸ–, sšz
conversation partner sšhbetdeº
conversational geplemºek
converse gepleºmek, gŸrrŸ–deºmek
conversion ØŸzlenme
convex gŸber?ek
convey gowºuramak
conveyor konweØer(r)
convince ynandyrmak
convincing ynandyryjy, degerli
cook aºpez, biºirmek, taØyarlamak
cookie kške, pe?enØa(r)
cool salkyn, ters, sowamak
coolness sele–
cooperative kooperatiw(r)
coopertation hyzmat daºlyk
coordinated maslahatla?ylyk
cope o–armak, šzleºdirmek
copper mis
copy kopiØa(r), nusga, ekzemplØar(r)
copying wypiska(r)
coquetry nŠz
coquettish nŠzli
core šzen-
cork dyky
corn mekgejšwen
corn silk gulpak
corner ?Ÿ–k, kŸnjek, (of the eye) ?ikge
corpse lŠsh, maslyk, meØit
correct dŸrs, hak, mamla, jaØ
corrected gurat
correspondent habar?y
corresponding kybapdaº
corridor koridor(r)
cosmetics kosmetika(r)
cosmonaut komonawt(r)
Cossack kazak
costly ºaØ-sep
cotton gowa?a, pagta, ?it, ?apak
cotton boll goza
cough ŸsgŸlewuk, ŸsgŸrlewŸk, ŸsgŸrmek
cough up ardynjyramak
council ybadathana, maslahat
count hasap, sanamak, sifrlemek
count in hasaplamak
count on arkaØyn bolmak
counted sanly
countenance jamal, Øš–keme
counter kapasa
counterfeit galp
country watan, Ÿlke, Øurt
countryman ildeº
coupon talon(r)
courage batyrlyk, mertlik, ØŸreklilik
courageous batyr, mert, ØŸrekli
courageously merdana, mertler?e
course kurs(r), dowan
court sud(r)
courteous sypaØy
courteously sypaØ?ylykly
courtesy sypaØ?ylyk
cousin bajak, ?ykan, doganoglan
cover Øapmak, gapak, oramak, pokryºka(r), sahap, Øapgy, basyrmak, buky, Øapy, jilt, ?aØmak, gaplamak, šrtmek, ºifirlemek(r)
cover oneself up kereplemek, kesmeklemek
covered Øapyk
covering pena
covet emenmek, imtilmek
cow sygyr
coward namart, zŸwwetdin
cowardice gorkaklyk, namartlyk
cowardly sar?, namart
crack jaØryk, ºartyldy, ?at, ºatyrdy, ºyrkyldamak, Øaryk, yº, ?itgitlemek, hytyrdamak, jaØrylmak, pyl?amak, ºartyldamak, ºatyrdamak, Øarylmak, paramak
crack up ?atlamak, maØrylmak
crackle ºartyldamak, ºyrkyldy, ºatyrdamak, ºyrkyldamak
crackling jyzzyk
craft hŸnŠr, senet, Øasamak
crafted hŸnŠrment?ilik
craftiness hilegŠrlik, hokga, hile, ºeØtanlyk
craftsman hŸnŠrment, ussat, ussa, ØasaØjy
crafty mekir
crag gaØa
cram in Øuwaºamak
crane (bird) durna
crash ºatyrdy, ?aknyºyk, ºartyldy, gŸrpŸldemek
crawl Øorelmek, emedeklemek, sŸØrenmek
crawl away pitirdemek
crazy dŠli, telbe
creak ykyrdy, ykyrdamak
cream gaØmak, krem(r)
creamy gaØmakly
crease epin
create dšretmek, gurmak, dšretmek
creation dšredijilik, dšretme
creations ºahyrlyk
creator dšrediji
credibility san-cyz
credit kredit(r)
creek ?aØ
creep bukdaklamak, sŸØrenmek, Øorelmek
creep into sŸmmek
crepe byzmyk
crest ?Ÿr depesi
crested ?Ÿri
crevice yº, ?at, Øaryk
crew ekipazh(r)
crib sallan?ak, Øasli(r)
crime jenaØat, gŸnŠ
criminal jenaØatly, jenaØatcy
criminal act jenaØat?ylyk
cripple ?olak
crisis krizis(r)
crisp kitirdewŸk
critical tankydy
criticism tankyt
critique tankyt, tankytlamak
croak gagyldamak, warkyldamak
crochet needle ?e––ek
crooked egri
crop ekin, peteke
cross atanak, ha?, aºmak, štmek, Štlemek, (each other) kesiºmek
cross one's legs ?iliºirmek
cross-country race kros(r)
crossing olum
crossroads ?atryk
crow garga, zag
crowd hŸmer, ŸØºmele–, tŸmmeklemek
crowding dyknyºyk
crown pŸr, tŠ?, sŸlenmek
crude harsal
cruel zabun
cruiser kreØser(r)
crumb owuntyk
crumble owmak, owranmak, pytramak
crumbly Øumºak
crumple lokgalamak, tokgalamak, Øygyrmak
crunch hytyrdamak, hatyrdamak, kibirdemek, kitirdetmek, ykyrdamak, hokurdamak
crush itniºik, dyknyºyk, kŸlkelemek, maØdalamak
crust (of bread) gy–ak
crutch piºek
cry haØkylyk, aglamak, e–remek, (of a baby) jŠgildemek
cry out zowlatmak, ?ygyrmak, haØkyrmak, he–kirmek, waØkyrmak
cry out angrily herrelmek
crying agy
crystal hrustal(r)
cube kub(r)
cubicle kabina(r)
cuckoo ikatŠk
cucumber hyØar
cultivate šsdŸrmek
cultivation kultiwatsiØa(r)
cultivator kultiwator(r)
cultural medeni, medeniØet, medeniØetli, medeniØeti
culture medeniØet
cumbersome gaba
cunning hile, mekirlik, sap, ºeØtanlyk, hilegŠrlik, hokga
cunning fellow hilegŠr
cup ?anak, kŠse, tabak
cupboard ºkaf(r)
cupola gŸmmez
cure sagdynlaºdyrmak
curious bilesigeliji
curiousity bilesigelijilik
curl buØrak, (of smoke) burugsamak
curl up ?ugutmak
curly buØrak
currency walØuta(r), te––e
curse nŠlet, sšgmek, nŠletlemek
curse out kŠemek
cursive Øazma?a
curtain perde, tuty
curtsy ?ommalmak
curvature egrilik
curve gyºyk, epmek, epilmek, (on one's own) eplenmek
curvy aØlawly
cushion dټek
custom urp-adat, dessur
customer alajy, mŸ?deri
customs gŸmrŸk
customs house gŸmrŸkhana
cut kesmek, bi?im, kertik, Øartma?, dilik, bi?mek, dilmek, gyØmak, kŠselemek, Øylmamak, ?irtmek
cut along the grain sepºik de– bšlemek
cut down gyrkmak
cut in kesmek
cut off Øolunmak, soØmak, Øolmak
cut out sepikdirmek
cut pieces dogramak
cut slightly kertmek
cut up Øarmak
cut with a sharp edge syhalamak
cut with scissors gaØ?ylamak
cutlet kotlet(r)
cutter kater
cylinder silindr(r)
D
daily gŸndizki, gŸnsaØyn, ØatymlaØyn
dam bent, bšwet, gatla
dam up bentlemek
damage Øamanlyk
damn nŠletlemek
damnation gargyº, nŠlet
damp ?ig, yzgarly, nemli
dampen zaØleek
dampness zeØ, ?yglyk
dance tans(r), tans etmek(r)
dancer (prominent) tans?y(r)
dandruff go–ak
danger howp
dangerous hatarly, gorkuly, gorkun?, biderek
dangle salparmak
dangling salpy
dare milt, milt etmek
dark gara–ky
dark complexioned garaØagyz, bugdaØ renk
darken gara–kyramak
darkness gara–kylyk, tŸm, tŸmlŸk, kšrlŸk, gara–ky
dart okdurylmak
dash garnuw, garyndy, okdurylmak, topulmak, ?ozmak
date hurma, sene
dawn da–, sŠher, da– atmak, Øagtylmak
day gŸn
day after tomorrow birigŸn
day and night gije-gŸndiz
day before yesterday š––in
day care center Øasli(r)
daylight gŸndizki
daytime gŸndiz, gŸndizine
dazzle alarmak
dazzling ilgin?
dead šli, šli, wepat, jansyz, Øitigsi
dead body maslyk, meØit
deaf gŸ–, ker
deafness kerlik
deal o–armak
dean dekan
dear eziz, mŠhriban
dear one gadyrly
death ajal, šlŸm
death rate šlŸm derejesi
deaths šlŸm-Øitim
debate ?ekiºmeler, ?ekisme, jedel, oØlanmak, ?ekiºme etmek
debauche jenjel
debt algy, bergi, ?ykdajy
debtor bergidar
decade dekada
decanter grafim(r)
deceased wepat bolan
deceive oneself aldanmak
December dekabr
decent kemally
deception aldaw, gšzboØag?ylyk
decide (set your heart) ØŸregine dŸwmek
decision ?šzgŸt, karar
decisive kesgin, tšwekgel, ŸzŸl-kesil
declaration arza
declare yglanetmek
decline kemelmek
decorate haºamlamak, beslemek, bezemek, nagyºlamak
decorated person ordenli
decoration bezeg, haºam, orden, ºaØ
decorative pattern nagyº
decrease saØpallamak, gowzalmak, kemelmek, ki?elmek, peseletmek, peslemek
decree ukaz(r), dekrek
dedicated janypkeº, mynasybetli
dedication janypkeºlik
deep ?u–, Øygy
deep thoughts oØ-pikir
deepen ?u–altmak
deepen gradually ?u–laºmak
deer sugun, sugun
defeat Øe–mek
defect kem
defend goramak, penalamak
defend oneself penalanmak
defense pena
define kesgitlemek
definite mŠlim
definition kesgitleme, kesgitnama
definitive ymykly
deflect ret etmek
deformed ºumroØ
deformity ºumroØluk
deft ØŸwrŸk, ?akgan
degenerate ?Ÿpremek
degree dereje, ?ak, gradus
delay haØallatmak, sagynmak, eglemek, haØal-Øagallyk etmek, gijikdirmek
delegate delegat
delegation delegatsiØa
delicate nŠzik, Øuka
delight keØp, sapa
deliver Šklemek, gowºuramak, eltmek, tabºyrmak
dell kšw
demand talap, zaØawka(r)
demarcate pel ?ekmek
democracy demokratsiØa(r)
democratic demokratik(r)
demolish Øumrulmak, Øumurmak, Øykmak
demolished weØran?ylykly
demon dšw
den sŸren
denegrate Øš–kemek
dense goØry, goØy, Øygjam, dykyz, gŸr, Øygy
density syklyk, goØulyk, syk, tšp
dent Øemºertmek
dented Øemºik
deny dŠnmek, inkŠr etmek
department store uniwermag(r)
depend on bagly bolmak, garaºly bolmak
dependable Šhtibar, ynamly
dependence garaºlylyk
dependent bagly, elgarama, garaºly, golasty
depict suratlandyrmak, sypatlandyrmak, ºekillendirmek
deposit goØum, gatlamak, ?škŸndi
depraved harap
depth ?u–luk, jŸmmŸº
deputy deputat(r), orunbasar
descend dټmek
descendants nesil
descent e–aºak
describe suratlandyrmak, sypatlandyrmak, beØan etmek, suratlandyrmak
description suratlandyrma, wasp
desert ?šl, gum
deserted ?olarmak
deserve mynasyp bolmak
deserving (of) mynasyp
design bejergi, ?yzmak, hyØal, konstruksiØa(r), pygyl, tos-toslamak
design (for) niØetlemek
designer konstuktor(r)
desire isleg, gšwnamek, kŸØsemek, meØillenmek, myrat, ymtylmak
desire (for) hšwes
desirous of gšwŸnje–
desk parta(r)
desperate ?ykgynsyz
despise Øigrenmek
despite garamazdan
despotism eden-etdilik
destiny nesibe, ?igin
destroy opurmak, syndyrmak, Øegsan etmek, Øumrulmak, Øumurmak, Øykmak
destroy (crops) otamak
destroyed berbat
destroyer istrebitel
destruction hapalyk, berbat
detachment otrØad
detain eglemek, gŸØmemek, saklamak
detained eglenmek
detainee tussag
detective sŸl?hi
deteriorate erbetlemek, erbetleºmek, Øaramazlaºmak, haØallamak
determination aØgyt
determine seljermek
determined aØgytly, dogumly
detriment Øamanlyk
develop šsmek, hars
development šsŸº
devil ºeØtan
devoid mahrum
devoted bagyº, jankšer
devoted to mynasybetli
devotee mu?dak
dexterity ?akganlyk
dextrous ?akgan
dial (to telephone) pyntyklamak
dialect dialekt(r), ºiwe
diarrhea i?agyry, i?ge?me
diary gŸndelik
dice zar
dictation diktant(r)
dictatorship diktatura(r)
dictionary sšzlŸk
die šlmek, zar, aradan ?ykmak, dŸnØŠden štmek, šlmek, wepat bolmak, Øykylmak, aØrylmak
diesel dizel(r)
diet ybadathana
differ tapawutlanmak
difference parh, tapawut, ŸØtgeºiklik
different aØry, dŸrli-dŸrli, eØleki, gaØry, ŸØtgeºik, dŸrli
differentiate tapawutlandyrmak, parhlandyrmak
differently baºga?a
differentness tapawut
difficult ?atak, ?etin, kyn, mŸ?gil
difficulty hyllalla, kyn?ylyk, kynlyk, mu?akgat
diffused syrylmak
dig gazmak, kšwlemek, kšwmek
dig around for dšrmek
dig in dikmek
dig into dšrjemek
digest lasyrdamak, sindirmek, si–dirmek
dignity mertebe, namysja–
digress syrykdyrmak
dike ga?y, gatla
dilapidated (used of clothing) gšwºŸl
dim Øitigsi, Ÿmezlemek
dim-witted kšrzehin
dimension gabara
diminish kemelmek, ki?elmek, sabamak, seØreklemek, Øuwaºatmak, egismek
dimwit kšrlŸk
din gowga, ºowhun, gopgun
dining hall naharhana
dining room naharhana
dinner agºamlyk nahar, gŸnortanlyk nahar
diploma diplom(r)
diplomatic diplomatic(r)
direct gšni, dogrulamak, gšnŸkdirmek, ugramak, ØŸzlenmek
direction tarap, ugur
directions gšnŸme, wagyz-nesihat
directly gšmelteØ
director direktor(r)
dirt ?or, ?yrºak, gŠz, hapa
dirty hapa, kirli, kirletmek, hapalamak
disability maØyplyk
disabled person maØyp
disadvantage gelºiksizlik
disadvantageous gelºiksiz
disagree garºy cykmak
disagreeable ylalaºyksyz, mŠhirsiz
disagreement jetlik, razy bolmazlyk
disappear gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm bolmak, Øitmek, sumat bolmak, u?mak
disarm Øaragsyzlandyrmak
disaster bela
discernible ?Ÿmhšrek
discipline dŸzgŸn-nyzam, dŸzgŸn-tertip, tertibe ?agyrmak
disciplined tertipli
discontent nŠgilelik
discontented nŠgile
discourteous biedep
discourtesy biedeplik
discovery tapyndy
discussion ?ekeleºik, ?ekisme, sšhbet, gŸrrŸ–
disdain Šsgermez?ilik, Šsgermezlik, harlamak
disease syrkawlyk, hassalyk, kesel
disgrace masgar?ylyk, ØŸzŸgaralyk, masgaralamak
disguise sumat bolmak
disgusted Øarsmak
disgusting Øigrenji
dish tabak, tagam
dishes gapga?
disheveled imeºik
disinterested gšwŸnsiz
disjointed agzala
disk ºaØba(r)
dismiss kowmak
dismissal otctawka(r)
dismount dټmek
disorderly garagol, garym-gatym
dispatch office ekspedisiØa(r)
dispatcher dispet?er(r)
disperse ?aºmak, pytramak
displeased nŠgile
displeasure nŠgilelik
dispute ?ekeleºik, ?ekeleºmek
disquiet rahatsyzlandyrmak, ynjalyksyzlandyrmak, gozgala–
disruption opurylyºyk
dissatifaction nŠgilelik, nŠrazylyk
dissatisfied nŠgile, nŠrazy
dissertation dissertatsiØa(r)
dissoluteness kelesa–lyk
dissuade ret etmek
distance aralyk, menzil, uzaklyk
distant alysda, uzak
distinctive parhly, šzboluºly
distinguish parhly bolmak, saØgarmak, seljermek, tapawutlandyrmak
distinquished tanymal
distort gyºartmak, ØoØmak, ?aغarmak
distress hasrat, gynamak
distressed ynjamak
district u?astok(r)
disturb rahatsyzlandyrmak
disturbed gowgaly
disturbing galagoply, howsalaly
ditch ganaw, garnym, gorp, Øap
diver wodolaz(r)
diverge gyºarmak
diverse dŸrli
diversion Øykgyn?ylyk
divert sowmak
divert one's attention syrykdyrmak
divide saka, taraz, bšlmek, paØlamak, paØlasºmak, Ÿlemek
division (military) divisiØa(r)
do elujundan etmek, etmek
do evil hyØanat etmek
do one's best jan etmek
do quickly haØdamak
do so ºeØtmek
do such ºeØtmek
doccent dotsent(r)
doctor doktor(r), wra?(r)
document dokument(r)
dodger hilegŠr
dograma dograma
doll gurjak, emzik
dolt pekge
dome gŸmmez
donkey eºek
door gapy, iºik
dot nokat
double entendre iku?ly
doubt i–kis, ºek, ºŸbhe, ºŸbhelenmek, mŸ–kŸrlenmek
doubtful gŸmana, ºŸbheli
doubtless ºŸbhesiz
dough hamyr
dove kepderi
down ŸbtŸk
downpour ?abga, jala
dowry ºaØ-sep
dozing oØaly-ukuly
draft ?ertØor(r), garalama, taslama, ?yzgy
dragon ajdarha
dragonfly tene?ir
drama drama(r)
draughtsman grafik(r)
draw tartmak, ?ekmek, ?yzmak
draw out uzaklaºdyrmak
drawer ?eker
drawing ?yzgy, ?yzgy
drawing of a lottery tira£
drawn (game) hutma-hut
dreadful elhen?
dream arzuw, dŸØº, uky, dŸØºŸrgemek
dreary tukat
dress kšØnek
dress oneself geØmek
dress somebody geØdirmek, geØindirmek
dressmaker kšØnek?e
dried guradylan
dried apricots kiºde
dried fruit kiºde
dried melon kak
drift ka–kamak
drill zarØadka(r), burawlamak
drink hopurdatmak, i?mek
drinks hšdŸr
drip damjalamak, dammak, sarkmak
drive tigirlemek, togalamak, ?Ÿwek, haØdatmak, idirdetmek, sŸrmek
drive cattle kowalamak, kowalaºmak
drive in kakmak
driver sŸrŸgi, ºofØor(r)
driveway podØezd(r)
drizzle ?is–i, ?is–emek, sepelemek
drone wazzyldy
drop damja, sallamak, ga?yrmak, dškŸlmek, ga?mak
droppings tezek
drown gark bilmak
drugstore dermanhana
drum deprek
drunk pØan(r), serhoº
dry gury, ŸrgŸn, kepemek, sarykmak, kakamak
dry out guramak
dry up ?alykmak
dry-farming dŸme
dryer suºilka
dryness gurulyk
dubious ºŸbheli
duck šrdek
dull kŸtek, kŸteltmek, š?gŸn, š?Ÿgsi, Øitigsi, gamaºyk
dull in color ?al
dummy emzik
dunce Šhlepus, pekge
dung tezek
dung beetle tomazak
durability ?ydamlylyk
durable mŠkŠm
during dowamynda, dšwrŸnde
dusk i–rik
dust ?a–, kirºen, toz, tozan, Øuwundy, tozamak, tozatmak
duty bor?, karz, nesØe, Øumuº, narØad
dwelling mesgen, jaØ
dye garalamak
dyke bent
E
each other birek-biregi
eager yhlasly
eagle bŸrgŸt
ear(s) gulak
earlier š–in?Š, hemiºe, irki
earlobe sŸmek
early ir, irki
early evening ikindi, ilkagºam
early morning dawn irgšzin
early spring alabahar, alaØaz
earn eklenmek, gazanmak
earnings gazan?, ysygra, tene?ir
earth toprak, Øer
earthenware pot gol?a
earthquake Øer titremesi
ease Øe–illik
east gŸndogar
eastern gŸndogar
easy a–sat, Øe–illeºdirmek, ØšnekeØ, erkana
eat iØmek
eat a little diºlemek
eat and drink iØmek-i?mek
eat away kertmek
eat grass otlamak
eat one's fill doØmak
eat some garbak-gurbak etmek, garbanmak
ecclesiastical ruhy
echo Øa–
economical tygºytly
economics ykdysadyØet
economist ydysat?y
economize tygºytlamak
economy tygºyt, tygºytlylyk, ykdysady
edge er–ek, gylaw, ?et, tyg, mekan
edging jŠhek
edible iØmit
edict ukaz(r)
edit redaktirlemek(r)
editing redaksion(r)
editor redaktor(r)
editorial staff redaksiØa(r)
editorship redaktorlyk(r)
educate terbiØelemek
educated bilimli, okuwly, ylymly
education bilim, magaryf, terbiØeleØiº
educational terbiØe?ilik, terbiØeleØjilik
educator magaryf?y, terbiØe?i
eek! wŠ
effect effekt(r)
effective netijeli
effectiveness netijelilik
effeminate lŠlik
effeminateness lŠliklik
efficacious degerli
efficient baºarjan, Øetiºikli
effort tagalla
egg Øumurtga
eggplant badamjan
eight sekiz
eighth sekizinji
eightieth segseninji
eighty segsen
elbow tirsek
elder Øaºuly
election saØlaw, saØlow
elector saØlaw?y
electrical connection tok(r)
electrification elektrifikasiØa(r)
electrify elektrifisirlemek
electrik elektrik(r)
elegance nepislik
elegant nepis, sypaØy
element element(r)
elementary elementar(r)
elephant pil
elipses kšp nokat
else dagy
elucidate ºšhlelendirmek
embarass utandyrmak
embarassment haØa, hyllalla
embark ugramak
embark upon giriºmek, ugratmak
embarrassed ?ekinmek
embassy il?ihana
embellish nagyºlamak
embellishment ºaØ
embers kšz
emblem emblema(r), gerb
embrace gujak, gujaklamak, gujaklaºmak
embrace with ?yrlamak
embroider ?atmak, tikmek, gaØamak, keºdelemek, keºte etmek, nagyº ?ekmek
embroidered keºdeli
embroidery gaØma, ke?de, keºte
embryo ºinde
emerge sekmek, peØda bolmak
emergence nejat
eminent genial(r), gšrnŸkli, tanymal
emit an unpleasing odor a–kawmak
emphasize nygtamak, omzamak
emphatic preposition di–
emphatic suffix na
employ Øaratmak
employment hyzmat
emptiness boºluk
empty howaØy, pak, pu?, ØŸksŸz, boº, boºatmak
enable mŸmkin?ilik etmek
enamel syr?a
encircle gurºawmak, gabamak
encirclement gabaw
enclose gurºawmak
enclosed Øapyk
enclosure agyl
encounter duºmak, duºuºmak, duºuºyk
encourage hšweslendirmek
encrust gaºlamak
encrustations gaº
encyclopedia ensiklopediØa(r)
end ahyr, tamam bolmak, tamamlamak, u?, gutarmak, aØak
endeavor hysyrdamak, ?ytalaºmak
ending goºulma
endlessly hŠli-ºindi
endure ?ydamak
enemy duºman, Øagy
energetic gujurly, galadaw, sšweºjen
energetic Øadawsyz
energy enegiØa(r), gujur
enforce mejbur etmek
engine dwigatel(r), motor(r)
engineer injener(r)
engineering injenerlik(r)
English i–lis, i–lis?e
enjoy hezel etmek, ºatlanmak
enjoyment sapa
enlarge ulalmak
enlightenment magaryf
enlist pyntyklamak
enormous mŠhnet
enough bes, gerk-gŠbe, Øeterlik
enraged Ÿz–e
enrich baØlaºdyrmak
enriched baØan
ensue eØermek
entangled bulaºyk
enter girmek
enter into Øerleºmek
entertain hšdŸrlemek, gŸØmemek
entertainment hšdŸr, hezillik
enthusiasm entuziazm(r)
entire bitin
entirely durºuna, tutuº, tutuºlagyna, tutuºlaØyn
entitle hukuk bermek
entitled ygtyØarly
entrance girelge, podØezd(r)
entrapment gabahat?ylyk
entrust tabºyrmak
entrust with ØŸklemek
entry Øazgy
envelope bukja
envious bahyl, gšrip, i?igara
environment halka
environs tšwerek
envy bahyllyk, i?igaralyk
epigraph epigraf(r)
epilepsy garaguº, tutgaØ
episode epizod(r)
epoch dšwŸr, zaman
equal barabar, de–, endigan
equality de–lik
equally barabar
equestrian ?apyksuwar
equip enjamlaºdyrmak
equipment enjam, serenjam
era era(r), zaman
erase bozmak
eraser bozgu?
erode oburmak
errand Øumuº
erroneous telek
eruption šrgŸn
escalator eskalator(r)
escape ala?, sypmak, ylgaw, dyndarmak
essay o?erk, dŸzme
essential dŸØpli, mšhŸm
establish Øšretmek
esteem hatyra, hezzet-hormat, hormat, hormatlamak
esteemed hormatly
estimation ras?Øot(r)
eternal baky, ebedi, šmŸrlik, ebedilik
eternity ebedilik
Ethiopian efiop(r)
etude etØud(r)
evaluate nyrhlamak
evaporate bugarmak
evasion sapalk
even hatda, hekaØat
even in number jŸbŸt
even out de–lemek
evening gi?lik
event hadysa, waka
evergreen tree Øolka(r)
everlasting šmŸrlik
every her, hersi, hemme, kes
every month aØba-aØ
every other day gŸnasa
everyone bary
everything bary
evidence delil, ºaØatlyk, ºaØatnama
evident ŠºgŠr
evil hyrsyz, hyØanat, i?igaralyk, um, i?igara
exact takyk, dogry, hut
exacting talapkŠr
exactitude talapkŠrlik
exactly nokatma-nokat, edil, gyrade–
exactness takyklyk
exam za?Øot(r)
examination der–ew, ekzamen(r)
examine barlamak, esetmek, Øaltaklamak
examiner barlag?y, der–ew?i
example mysal, gšredeli
excavator ekskawator(r)
excellent otli?no(r)vtšweleme
excerpting wypiska(r)
excessive ?akdanaºa, ?endanaºa, hetdenaºa
exchange alyº-?alyº, ?alºyk, ?alyºma, alyºmak, ?alºyrmak, ?alyºmak, uºatmak
exchange news habarlaºmak
excite tolgundyrmak
excited gš?gŸnli
excitement tolgunyºyk
excuse bahana
exemplary ?emeli
exercise maºk, bedenterbie, zarØadka(r), (in a book) gšnŸkme
exert oneself emgenmek
exertion tagalla
exhaust horlamak
exhausted sustupes
exhibit eksponirlemek(r)
exhibition eksponat(r), sergi
exile sŸrgŸn, sŸrgŸn etmek
exist bar
existence durmuº, gŸzeran
exit ala?, ?ykalga, ahyr, ?ykmak
expand gi–lemek
expansion gi–leme
expect oslamak
expectation hantama, hantama?ylyk
expedition ekspedisiØa(r)
expend harajat etmek, har?lamak
expenditure ?ykdajy, har?
expense ?ykdaØjy, har?
expensive gymmat, gymmatly
experience tejribe, synamak
experienced tejribeli
experimental eksperiment(r)
expert habarly, edenli
expertise ekspertizia(r)
explain aØdy–laºdyrmak, dŸºŸndirmek
explanation dŸºŸndiriº, dŸºŸnje
explanatory dŸºŸndiriºli
explode Øarmak, partlamak, Øarylmak
exploit eksplutatirlemek(r)
exploitation ekplutasiØa(r)
explosion partlama, Øarylma
exponent gšrkeziji
export eksport(r), eksportirlemek(r)
expose eksponirlemek(r)
exposure paº
express a–latmak
expression a–latma, jŸmle
extend batlandyrmak, uzatmak, ?ukuralmak, sŸØndŸrmek, sŸØnmek
extensive ?u–almak
extent dereje, uzynlyk
exterior daº, mysala
external daºary
externally gaØybana
extinct š?en, sšnen
extinguish š?mek, sšndŸrmek, Ÿzmek
extol gštergimek
extra artyk, artykma?
extract daºlaºdyrmak
extraction kšwek
extreme gyraky
extremely bi?ak, juda
exult heºelle kakmak
eye garak, gšz
eye to eye iki?Šk
eyebrow gaº 1
eyelash kirpik
eyelid gabak
F
fabric mata, materiØa(r)
face didar, keºp, Øš–keme, ØŸz
face to face pete-pet, gaºba-gaº
fact fakt(r)
factory fabrik, zawod(r)
faculty fakultØet(r)
fade pyssarmak, solmak, solmak, sšnmek, sŸllermek
faded solgun, myssyk
failure sowsuzlyk
faint se–selemek
fair adalatly, ugurdaº, ynsaply
fairness adalat
fairy tale erteki
faithful jankšer, dindar
faithless biwepa
faithlessness biwepalyk
fake galp, jšgi
faker aldaw?y
falcon la?yn
fall gŸØz, batmak, ?škmek, Øykylmak, ga?gakmak
fall asleep uklamak, irkilmek
fall back ?ekilmek
fall ill ?yr?yklamak, syrkawlamak
fall in hopmak, e–termek
fall in the habit of Ÿr?etmek
fall inpieces lagºamak
fall off gopmak, hopmak
fall out gopmak
fallen tree ?apyk
fallow boz
fallow deer maral
false Øalan, Øalandan, emeli, ters, Øasama
falsehood ?ypdyrma
falsify galplaºdyrmak
fame meºhurlyk, ºan
familiar (person) tanyº
familiarize šwreniºdirmek
family maºgala
family house šØ-iºik
famous ºanly, meºhur
fan Øelpemek
fantastic fantastika(r)
fantasy fantaziØa(r)
far alys, uzak, daº
farm ferma(r)
farming ekeran?ylyk
farrow jojuklamak
fascinated gŸrma bolmak
fashion moda(r), bi?im
fast tiz, aØakly, agyz beklemek, (religious) post(r)
fast-breeding guzla––y
fasten danmak, šrklemek
fastidious ?Ÿmhšrek
fat semiz
fat man inedšrdŸl
fate nesibe, takdyr, tŠleØ, Øazgyt, ykbal, bije, ŸlŸº
father kaka, dŠde, šweØ
fatigue Øadawlyk
fatness semizlik
fatten parkyldamak, semremek
fattened parkyldy, gurat
faucet kran(r)
fault gŸnŠ
favorable o–aØly, enaØy, ugurdaº
favorite sšØguli, sšØli, syrdaº
fear gorky, heder, howatyr, eØmenmek, howtyrlanmak, ŸØºenmek
fearful tez, Ÿrkek
fearless gaØduwsyz
feather pero(r), Øelek
feathered Øelekli
feathers pazyl
feature reje, ?yzyk
February fewral(r)
feces bok
fed up with pete– etmek
federal federatiw(r)
federation federasiØa(r)
federative federatiw(r)
fee nyrh, wznos(r)
feeble ejiz
feeble-minded kemakyl
feebleness ysgynsyzlyk
feed iØmlemek, iØm, ot- iØm, emdirmek, iØdirmek, iØmitlendirmek, naharlamak
feed grass to otarmak
feel a–mak, duØmak, Šwmek, syzmak, tikeneklemek
feel angry hyrsyzlanmak
feel chilly ŸºŸtmek
feel free to... ?ekinmede
feel inspired ruhlanmak
feel nauseous bulanmak
feel shy ?ekinmek
feel sick sŸu goºamak
feel sorry for gaØgyrmak
feel the same Øekesiremek
feel uneasy mŸØnŸrgemek
feeling duØgy
fell e–termek
fellow gar?ygaØ, Øigit
fellow traveller hemra
felt ke?e
female urka?y
female pilot pilotka(r)
female underwear i?liklik
fence aØman?a, haØat, gorag
fencing fehtowaniØe(r)
ferment gor, maØa, ajatmak
fermented dough hamyrmaØa, hamyrturºy
fertile hasylly
fertilize dškŸnlemek
fester ?ylpyklamak
festival baØram, festiwal(r)
fetch getirmek
fetters duºak
feuilleton felØeton(r)
fever ysytma, howur, tebit, Øo–
few az
fiber sŸØŸm
fiction ?eper eser
fidget oØkanjyramak, sintenjiremek
field meØdan, ºŸdŸgŠr
field of endeavor maØsa
field of grain maØsa
fifty elli
fig injir
fight uruºmak, uruº, gšreºmek, sšbeºmek, sšweºmek, urunmak, penjelemek
fighter pŠlwan, urºujy, zarp?y
fighting by greedy people a?gšzlylyk
figure sifr(r), syrat, sifrlemek
file igelemek, (tool) ige
fill doldurmak, ganmak, gandyrmak, gapgarmak, nalamak, tŸmmeklemek
fill in gšmmek, plomwalamak(r)
fill up bitirmek
filled doly2, gšmŸk
fillet ?ylka
filling plomwa(r), Øonuºga
film film(r), kino(r), pleØonka(r), Øorka
filter sŸzgu?, sŸzmek
filthy kirli
final final(r), gutarnykly, jemleØji, so–ky, ahyrky, ahyryn, ymykly
finale final(r)
finally teØ-ahyr
finance maliØe, maliØele?dirmek
find tapyndy, tapmak, unamak
find an excuse for bahanlamak
find fault with yrsaramak
find out about salgy atmak
find room sygmak
fine iri, jerime, telper, uºak, jerime salmak
finger barmak
fingerful atym
finish pelle, pellehana, u?, so–lamak, aØaklamak, dynmak, gutarmak, paØawlamak, tamam bolmak, tamamlamak, tamamlanmak, tŸketmek, sowulmak
finished wepat
fire kostØor(r), lorsuldamak, ot, kowmak, (a rifle) tŸpe–lemek
firework feØerwerk(r)
firm berk, firma(r), gaØym, pert, pugta, tšwekgel, ŸzŸl-kesil, ykjam
firmness berklik, pugtalyk
first birinji, ilki
first existing ilkidurmuº
first name at
first place š–delik
fish balyk
fissure Øaryk, jaØryk
fist Øumruk
fist-fight Øumruklaºmak
fit kakyn, Øaramly
fitter montØor(r)
five bŠº
fiver bŠºlik
flabby Øepbeºik, myjjarmak–
flag baØdak
flake (skin) soØulmak
flame Øalyn, lowurdy
flank bšwŸr
flap salgamak
flare up labyrdamak, lowlamak
flash ŸlpŸldemek, Øyldyramak, Øylpyldy
flashlight panys
flat Øasy, dŸz
flatlands dŸz, dŸzlŸk
flatten maººartmak, Øapbaºdyrmak, Øapbaºmak, Øasylamak
flatten out maººarmak
flattened Øemºik
flavor tagam
flaw kem
flawless kemsiz-kšstsŸz, kemsiz
flea bŸre
fleabite bŸre
flee bosmak, ga?mak
fleet flot(r)
flesh ten
flex Øegºermek
flexibility ?eØelik, maØy?gaklyk
flexible ?eØe, maØy?gak
flicker ykjamak
flight reØs(r), u?uº
flightiness kelpe–lik
flighty kelpe–
fling pyzmak
flip dŸndermek
flip over dšndermek
flip-flop dŸnderilmek
flirt nŠzirgemek
flirtatious nŠzli
flirting nŠz
float galtga
flock sŸri, sŸri
flood joºgun, sil
flooded joºgunly
floor etazh(r), pol(r), gat
flour harman, un
flow akar, akym, ?ŸwdŸrmek, ºabyrdamak, tigirlenmek, togalanmak, ?ogmak, syrykmak, akmak
flower gŸl
flower bed gŸlzar
flowing akaba
flu grip(r), dŸmew
fluctuation pasyrdyr
fluff ŸbtŸk
fluid suwuk
flutter gymyldy, galgamak
fly si–ek, u?mak
fly past(a target) my?mak
foal taØ?anak
foam kšpŸk, kšpŸrjik, agaran, kšpŸrjiklemek
fog duman, Ÿmez
foggy dumanly
fold epin, epmek, eplemek, eplenmek
fold down sepmek
folded egrelmek
folder papka(r)
follow kowalmak, yzarlamak, eØermek, gollanmak
following indi, yzy bilen
fondness gadyr
food aº, azyk, iØmit, hšdŸr, nahar
food and drink iØmek-i?mek
fool pa–kelle, samsyk
foolish akmak, gagal
foolishness samsyklyk
football futbol(r)
football player futbol?y(r)
footstep Šdim
footwear aØakgap
for Ÿ?in
for a two year period ikiØyllyk
for example meselem, mysal Ÿ?in
for good mydamalaØyn
for life šmŸrlik
for nothing Øšne
for now hŠzirlik?e
for the time being hŠzirlik?e, onyan?a
forbidden gadagan, haram
force gujur, zarp, zor, hal, ysgyn, zorlamak
force forward idirdetmek
forced ?Šresiz, mejbur, nala?
forceful gurjurly, esgin, zor
forcibly zoraØakdan
ford gŸzer, olum
fore alyndaky
fore-arm bilek
forefather ata-baba
forehead alyn, ma–laØ
foreign Øat
foreign language daºary Øurt dili
foreigner gemiºek, myhman
forest tokaØ, tokaØlyk, je––el
forestry tokaØ?ylyk
forever dŸØpgšter, dŸØpleØin, mydamalaØyn
forge nalamak
forget unutmak, Øatdan ?ykarmak
forgive razylaºmak, bagyºlamak
fork ºaryk, wilka(r), ?arºak
form blank(r), ºekel, format(r), gšrnŸº, naØ?alamak, resmileºdirmek
form a group toparlamkak, toparlanmak
formal formal(r), resmi
formal greeting essalawmaleØkim
formation nyzam
former š–ki, hemiºe
formula formula(r), a–latma
formulate formulirlemek(r)
formulation formulirowka(r)
fortieth kyrkynjy
fortify berkitmek
fortress gala
fortunate hoºbagt, ma–laØly
fortune bije
forty kyrk
forum forum(r)
forward gaØdyp, ilerki
found dšretmek, esaslsandyrmak
foundation fundament(r), baza(r), esas
fountain fontan(r)
four dšrt
fourteen šssŸrim
fourth dšrdŸnji
fox tilki
foyer foØe(r)
fracas gopgun
fracture gŠdik
fragile dšwŸlgi?, port
fragrant hoºboØ
frail port
frame karkas
framework karkas
frankly a?-a?an
freckle sepgil
free azat, boº, erk, erkana, erkin, halas, Øšne
free of charge mugt
freedom azatlyk, erkinlik
freely a?-a?an, erkin
freeze do–aklyk, do–durmak, jybarlamak, ºatlamak
freezing jybar
freight ØŸk
fresh ter
fresh water sŸØji
freshness terlik
friday anna
fried bread piºme(r)
fried corn patrak
friend dost, Øoldaº
friend (female to female) jora
friend (male) dost
friendliness mylakat
friendly agzybir, al?ak
friends dost-Øar
friendship agzybirlik, dostluk, Øaranlyk
fright aØylgan?, gorky
frighten ŸrkŸzmek
frighten away gypjyndyrmak
frightened gorkuly
frightening gorkuly, gorkun?
frightful elhen?
fringe se?ek
fringed se?ekli
friskiness Øyldanlyk
frisky dyzma?, Øyldan
frivolous kelpe–
frog gurbaga
from -dan, -den
from birth doga
from head toes baºdan-aØak
from inside i?inden
from many years ago š–den
from now on dagy-duwara, šwrŸlip
from start to finish birin-birin, boØdan-baºa
from that babatdan
from the beginning birbada
from the first ilkibada
from the start ilkibaºda, baºdan
from time immemorial ozaldan, š–den
from time to time wagtal-wagtal
from year to year Øyldan-Øyla, Øyly–-Øylyna
front front(r), š–
frontal ma–laØ
frost a–zak, aØaz, buldur?yn, burjy, gyraw, ?is–i, do–aklyk
frosty jybar
froth agaran, kšpŸrjiklemek
frown ?ytmak
frozen do–, ºatlama, do–an
fruit iØmiº, miwe
fruit farming miwe?ilik
fruit jellies marmelad(r)
fruitful hasylly
fruity miweli
frump gipdenek
frustrated sustupes
frustration opurylyºyk
fry ?irkizmek, gowurmak, jyzyrdamak
fugitive ga?gak
fulfilment berjaØ
full dok, hyryn-dykyn, Šhli, tŸkel
full of bol
full of holes deºik
full(y) doly
full-blooded etli-ganly
fumble semelemek, sememek
function funksiØa(r), ØagdaØlaºmak
fund fond(r)
fundamental dŸØpli
funnel guØgu?
funny gŸlkŸli, gŸlkŸn?
fur sŸtŸk, possun
furious gaharjan, gaharly, Ÿz–e
furniture mebel
furnucle ?yban
furrow keºlemek
furrowed keºleØin
furry sŸtŸkli
fury gahar, gahar-gazap, Ÿz–elik
fuse partladyjy
fussy talapkŠr
futile nŠhak
future geljek
G
gab jedirdemek, gygyrmak
gaiety meslik
gain bŠhbit, kuwwatlanmak, nebis, eØelemek
gain weight semremek
gait Øšriº
galactic galaktika(r)
gall št
gallop ?apmak, š–Ÿrdiklemek
galoshes galoº(r)
gape ho–karmak, šwelmek
garage garaj(r)
garbage Øuwundy, zibil
garden bed atyz
gargle ?aØkamak, ?yrpmak
garlic sarymsyk, ajyga
garrison garnizon(r)
gas gaz
gasoline benzin(r)
gasp demikmek, hopukmak, sojamak
gassy gazly
gate derweze
gather ?šplemek, Øygmak, toplanmak, ŸØºŸrmek, Øygnamak, ykjamlamak, dŸzmek, toplamak
gathering Øygnak, Øygnanyºyk, Øygym, barlyºyk
gauge gi–lik
gay mes, ºagala–ly, ºoh
gazelle keØik
gear serenjam
general Šhlumumy, serkerde, (military) general(r)
generally aslynda, umuman, kšplen?
generation nesil
generous rehimdar, rehimli
genius geniØ(r)
genre £anr(r)
gentle nŠzik, tultuk
gentleness Øumºaklyk
gently assa
genuine hakyky, tŸØs
genus urug
geographer geograf(r)
geographical region etrap
geography geografiØa(r)
geology geologiØa(r)
geometry geometriØa(r)
Georgian gruzin(r)
germ mikrob(r)
German nemes
get a kick out of deprenmek
get a little older garraºmak
get across aºyrmak
get angry gahar gelmek, gazaplanmak
get better ileri, ganymatlaºmak, gowularmak, jyda dŸºmek, Øokmak, Øokuºmak
get bound up ºinelemek
get cold feet namartlamak
get confused ?olaºmak
get dark i–rik garalmak
get dirty bulaºmak, ?orlamak, gŠzlemek, hapalanmak, kirlemek
get done bšlŸºmek
get dusty ?a–amak, ?a–jarmak
get entangled ºinelemek, ?igmek
get even with haklaºmak, hasaplaºmak
get fat semretmek
get fixed up ornaºmak
get gutsy gaØratlanmak
get hot yssylamak
get inflamed tataºmak
get into sŸmmek
get lost azaºmak
get mad šjŸkmek
get married (for a man only) šØlenmek
get mixed up garjaºmak
get moldy he–lemek
get news habarlaºmak, habar tutmak
get numb guruºmak
get on mŸnmek
get out aØrylmak
get out of dyndarmak, dynmak
get out of here! gŸm bol! owarra!
get packed dykyzlanmak
get pleasure gšnenmek
get ready taØynalmak
get rid of gowzalmak, sabamak, sypmak
get sick of bizar bolmak
get situated Øerleºmek
get skinny arryklamak
get spoiled azmak
get started (about cooking) atarmak
get sunburnt gŸne Øanmak
get tangled and confused bulaºmak
get tied up ?igmek
get tied up in knots ?igilmek
get tired lejikmek
get tough with dazarylmak
get up turuzmak, durmak
get used to šwreniºmek, uØgunlaºmak
get wet ezilmek
gift peºeº, zehin, sylag
gifted zehinli
giggle hikirdi, hikirdemek, hykyrdamak, hykyrdy, pykyrdamak, kikirdemek
giraffe £iraf(r)
girdle bilguºak
girl gelingyz, gyz
girlfriend boØdaº
girth semizlik
give Šbermek, gowuºmak
give a hand to arkalaºmak
give a turn tow bermek
give an account hasap bermek
give back gaØtarmak
give birth dogurmak
give birth a goat owlaklamak
give drink ?aØlamak
give someone a cold sowuklatmak
give trouble azar bermek
give up Øitirmek, taslamak
give up hope pyssarmak
give voice to agzamak
give-and-take aldym-berdimli
given goØulmak
gladden begendirmek
gladly hšwesje–
gladness Øagtylyk
glance bakyº, gšz, nazar
gland mŠz
glare mšlerilmek
glare angrily alarylmak
glass ?ŸØºe, stakan(r), aØna
glasses ŠØnek
glaucoma garasuw
glen kšw
glide typmak
glisten balkyldamak
glitter balkyldamak, lowurdamak, ŸlpŸldemek, Øyldyramak
glittery Øyldyrawuk
globe globys(r), Øer ºary, dŸnØŠ
gloomy ?ytyk, tutuk
glorify ºšhratlanmak
glorious ºšhratly
glory ºan, ºan-ºšhrat, ºšhrat
glove ellik
glow labyrdamak
glue elim, Øelim, Øelimlemek, Øelmemek
glutton iºdŠmen, iØermen
gluttony iØermenlik
gnash ykyrdamak
gnaw gemirmek
go gitmek, Øšremek, gitmek, zomamak, barmak, ?ykmak
go around aØlanmak
go bad dymjykmak, zaØalanmak, pislemek, uzanmak
go by foot pyØadalamak
go crazy dŠliremek
go for a walk gezelen? etmek, ka–kamak
go missing Øitirim bolmak, Øitmek
go numb jŸmºŸldemek
go out incoolness sele–lemek
go somewhere else gš?mek
go sour uØamak
go straight gšnŸlmek
go through štmek
go together tirkeºmek
go trouble over alada etmek, aladalanmak
go up to ?emeleºmek
go with geliºmek
goat ge?i
goat wool ?špŸr
goats dowar
goblet kubok(r)
God hudaØ
God bless you sabyr et
going gidiºin
going out nejat
gold altyn, tylla
golden tylla
golly bŠ
good Øagºy gowy, enaØy, haryt, idili, o–at, o–ly, ugurly, bolØar, gowulyl, hoº, rowa?, ºowly, Øaramly
good deed sogap
good event ?em
good for nothing kelesa–
good golly! baØ-bow
good looking nurana
good luck ºow
good-natured Øuka ØŸrek
goodness gowulyl, gowylyk, dšwlet
goods harytlar
goose gaz
gopher alaka
gore sŸsmek
gossip gybat, gep?i, warsaky, wyºyrdamak
gossipper gybatkeº
gourmet gastronom(r)
government dšwlet, hškŸmet, prowlenie(r)
grab gysymlamak
grace nepislik
graceful nepis
grade baha
gradually dura-bara, durdugy?a, gitdigi?e, kem-kemden
graduate student aspirant(r)
graft peØwent etmek
grain digir, galla, dŠne
gram gram(r)
grammar grammatika(r)
grammatical grammatik(r)
grand beØik
grand piano roØal(r)
grandchild agtyk
grandfather ata, baba
grandmother ene
grant esbap
grape ŸzŸm
grape production ŸzŸm?ilik
grapes (specifically gelinbarmak
graph grafa(r)
grass ot
grassy area otluk
grate sŸØkemek, gyrmak, oØkamak
grateful minnetdar
grating gšzenek
gratings gyrman?a
gratis Øšne
gratitude minnetdarlyk
grave gšr, mazar
gravel ?agyl
graveyard gonam?ylyk, šwŸlØŠ
graze animals bakmak
grease Øag, Øaglamak
great beØik, baØry, ?asly
great-grandson ?owluk
greed a?gšzlylyk, betnebislik, husytlyk
greedy a? gšz, betnebis, husyt, gysgan?
Greek grek(r)
green Øaºyl, gšk
greet gšrŸºmek, garºyldamak, salamlaºmak
grenade granat(r)
grid tor
grief hasratvtukatlyk
grieve ?ygylmak, tukatlanmak, ynjatmak
grieved gynan?ly
grill daglamak
grin gŸlŸmjiremek, syrtartmak, Øyrºarmak
grind kŸlkelemek, maØdalamak, taplamak, oØkamak, tšrpŸlemek, Ÿwemek
grip gysmak, tutma
grits Øarma
groan hyklamak, nalamak
groats Øarma
groceries bakaleØa(r)
grocery store bakaleØa(r)
groin gasyk
gross harsal
ground meØdan?a, toprak
grounds lšdere
group tapgyr, topar, toplum, kollektiw(r), kru£ok(r), sŸri, top
grow kšpelmek, gšgermek, idetmek, šsdŸrmek, šsmek, ulalmak, ulaltmak
grow foggy dumanlamak, Ÿmezlemek
grow heavy agralmak
grow in a circle tegelenmek
grow leaves Øapraklamak
grow more beautiful Øagºylanmak, Øagºylaºmak
grow old gartaºmak
grow quiet di–mek
grow stale gatamak
grow still kšºeºnek
grow stronger eØikmek
grow taller beØgelmek
grow thin horlanmak
grow tired of bizar bolmak
grow up šnŸp-šsmek, šnmek
grow weary Øadamak
growl ho–uldamak, hŸ–Ÿrdemek, hŸ–Ÿrdi, hy–ranmak
grown garta–
grownup ullakan
growth šsŸº
grumble ho–uldamak, hŸ–Ÿrdemek, igenmek
grumbling hŸ–Ÿrdi, igen?, igenje–, igenje–lik
grunt horkuldamak
guarantee gŸwŠ, kepillik, zamun, kepil bolmak
guard garawul, gwardiØn(r)
guardian hossar
guess ?ak etmek
guest myhman
guest room myhmanhana
guide prowodnik(r), wojatyØ(r), Øazlamak, Øšretmek
guild seh(r)
guile mekirlik
guilty gŸnŠli, mŸØnli, Øazykly
guilty one gŸnŠkŠr
guilty person sebŠpkŠr
guise maska(r)
guitar gitar
gulf aØlag
gullet gyzylšdek, šdek
gulp owurt
gulp down jy–kytmak
gun pistolØet(r)
gun-scope didivan
gun-sight didivan
gunshot (sound of a) gŸmpŸldi
gurgle lygyrdy, hokurdamak, lygyrdamak
gurgling lakyrdy
gush joºmak, zogdyrylmak
gushing joºgunly
gusset begeØik
gust tŸweleØ, Ÿflemek
gust of wind Øelgin
gutter ternaw
gym bedenterbie
gymnastics gimnastika(r)
H
habit endik, šwrendekli, gylyk, urp-adat
haggle sšwdalaºmak
hail doly, jšwenek
hair sa?, tŸØ
hairy tŸØlek
half Øarpy, Øarty, Øary, Øarym, pol(r)
half asleep oØaly-ukuly
half-dead ?alajan
hall zal(r), koridor(r), saØpallamak
haloxylon ojar
halter (for a horse) nogta
hammer ?eki?, ?ekis, (of a firearm) mŠºe
hammer in kakmak
hand el, gol, eltmek
handful goºawu?, gysym, Øanawu?
handkerchief elØaglyk
handle tutawa?, ellemek, ellemek
handle bar sŸØpent
handless golak, golsuz
handmade hŸnŠrment?ilik
handsome ka?a–, nurana
handwriting Øazma?a, po?erk(r)
handy amatly
hang asylmak, ildirmek, sallanmak
hang out semek
hang up asmak
hanging peg asgy?
hank (of thread) kelep
happen bolmak
happiness eØgilik
happy hoºbagt, ma–laØly, mon?a bolmak, sapaly, ºat, ºoh, (with luck) bagtly
hard gaty, Øowuz, mŸ?gil, ºatlama
hard-fought aldym-berdimli
harden bekemek, gatamak
hardly ?ala
hardly possible gŸmana
hardness gatylyk
hardworking iºle––ir, janypkeº, iºe––ir, jepakeº
hardy dšzŸmli
harm Øamanlyk, zelel, zyØan, hyØanat etmek, hyØanat
harmful zelelli
harmonious ?ekimiz
harmony razylyk, ylalyºyk
harness hamyt, hamytlamak
harrow mala, malalamak, borona(r)
harvest hasyl, Øygnanyºyk
harvester kombaØn(r)
haste gyssagara
hasten al–asatmak
hasty howul-hara
hat ºlØapa(r), telpek, ºyrdak
hatchway lØuk(r)
hate Øigrenmek
hateful Øygren?, Øigrenji
hatred Øigren?
haughtiness tekepbirlik
haughty tekepbir
have a bite diºlemek
have a cold dŸmewlemek
have a dream dŸØº gšrmek
have a dust storm sowurmak
have a little chat gŸmŸr-ØamŸr etmek
have a party toØlamak
have a premonition syzmak
have a snack ØŸrkese edinmek
have doubts mŸ–kŸrlenmek
have free time sypynmak
have occasion (to) miØesser
hawk gyrgy
hay bede, silos(r)
haydust pide
haze duman
hazy gamaºyk
he ol
head baº, kelle, na?alinik(r), mŸdir
head for Øšnelmek
head of the table tšr
head scarf alynda–y
headquarters ºtab(r)
health aman, hal, hal-ahwal, saglyk
healthy bardaºly, gurgun, sag, sagat, sagdyn, daØaw, sag-gurgun
heap topbak, dšs
hear eºitmek
hear about di– salmak
hearsay owaza
heart ØŸrek
heartbeat gŸrsŸldi
hearth ojak
heartless birehim, rehimsiz
hearty ykjam
heat ?og, gyzmalyk, howur, jšwza, tebit, ?oØmak, gyzgynlyk, gyzyºmak, Øylatmak, Øylynmak, ?oØunmak, gyzdyrmak, gyzmak, tutaºdyrmak
heat rash tengin
heat up Øylamak, yssylamak
heavy agramly, agyr, saldamly, ullakan
heavy rain jala
hectacre gektar(r)
hedgehog kirpi
heed ŠtiØa?
heel škje
hegemony gegemoniØa(r)
heifer tŸwe
height belentlik, beØiklik, boØ
helicopter wertolØot(r)
hell dowzah
helmet ºlem(r)
help dalda, haraØ, hemaØat, Øardam, kšmekleºmek, Øardam etmek, (as an exclamation) dat-bidat!
help find something tapyºmak
help off dŸºŸrmek
helped by arkaly
helper kšmek?i
helpful Øokumly, haØyrly
helva halwa
hem sepgit, jŠhek, tikmek
hemp kenep
hen mŠkiØan
hen coop ketek
henceforth šwrŸlip
henceforward dagy-duwara
herd sŸri
here ºu taØda, ºu Øerde, bŠri, bŠrik, ?endan
here you are ine
here! me
heritage miras
hermitage sergezdan?ylyk, sergezdanlyk
hero gero(r), pŠlwan, gahryman, obraz
heroic gahrymanlar?a
heroism gahryman?ylyk
herpes demrew
herring takgaz
herself šz
hesitate sagynmak, sŠginmek, haØal-Øagallyk etmek
hesitation irgin, iriºme
hetman baºlyk
hew Øylmamak
hi salam, Šhey
hiccup syn?gylawuk
hidden gizlin
hide Øaºyrmak, jaØlamak, Øygºyrmak
hide and seek (game) bukullym
hide away bukmak
hide from ga?alak etmek, a?alaklamak
hide-and-seek gizlenpe?ek
hideous gelºiksiz
high and low beØikli-pesli
high flown epeØ
high-heeled shoes iºbil
higher ekabyr
highway magistral(r), ºosse(r)
hill ala–, baØyr, sšbŸk, depe, tŸmmek
himself šz
hip but
hiss jazyrdy, ºuwwuldy, ºyglamak, jazyrdamak
historian taryh?y
historical taryhy
history taryh
hit patlamak
hoarse garjaºyk
hobble keØtiklemek, kšsseklemek
hockey hokkeØ(r)
hoe kŠtmen, kŠtmenlemek
hold eklemek, tutmak
hold back (something) jylawlamak
hold fast to Øapyºmak
hold in hand ideklemek
hold up eglemek
hole ?arkandak, ?ukanak, ?ukur, ?ukurlyk, deºik, hin
holler azgyrylmak
hollow kšw, pŸrsv?šketlik, pu?
holy mukaddes
home šØ, Øatakhana
homemaker šØ hojalyk?y
homogeneous hili-bir hili
hone gaØramak
honest akgšwŸnli, dogru?yl, kemally, wepaly
honestly walla
honesty pŠklik
honey bal
honk ºuwlamak, tarlamak
honor hormat, hormatlamak, sylag
honored hormatly
hoof sy–ral, toØnak
hook ?e––ek, ga–rak, iliºmek, iltemek, ga–yr?ak
hook onto tirkemek
hook the catch kiltlemek
hoop gurºaw
hoot ºuwlamak, tarlamak
hop ?apmak
hope tama, umyt, arkalanmak, tama etmek, umyt etmek
hope chest sandyk
hopeless gutulgysyz, ?ykgynsyz
horizontal gorizontal(r), kese
horizontally keseleØin, keseligine
horn (of an animal) ºah
horned ºahly
hornless (without horns) kelek
horror aØylgan?
horse at, gylØal, konki(r), Øaby
horse jockey seØis
horse race at capysyk
horse's bit agyzzyryk
horse-cloth July
horsecloth palan(r)
horseshoe nal
hose ºlang(r)
hosiery trikota£(r)
hospitable myhmansšØer
hospital gospital(r), keselhana
hospitality hezzet, myhmansšØerlik
host hojaØyn, hyzmat etmek
hostel Øatakhana
hot gyzgyn, jokrama, yssy, ajy
hot to trot dyzma?
hot-house teplisa(r)
hot-tempered gyzma
hotel myhmanhana
hound tazy, kšpek
hour sagat
hour's worth sagatlyk
house šØ, jaØlaºdyrmak, tam
household maºgala
housekeeper hojalyk?y
how much? nŠ?e, nŠden
how? nŠhili, nŠtŸØsli
howl hazlamak, uwlamak, zšrletmek
hubbub ºowhun
huge Šgirt, mŠhnet, Špet
hum gŸwwŸldemek, hyzlamak
human ynsan
humanity adamzat, ynsanyØet
humble tŸrkana
humid dymyk, nemli, yzgarly
humidity ?yglyk
humiliate kemsitmek
humility Øuwaºlyk
humorous gŸlkŸli, gŸlkŸn?
hump šrkŸ?, šrkŸ?
humus ?ŸØrŸntgi
hunch kŸØkertmek
hunchbacked kŸØki
hunched bŸrkŸr
Hungary wengr(r)
hunger ajykmak
hunk ker?
hunt aw, awamak, awlamak, awatmak, awuºamak
hunter aw?y, yrdar
hurl pyzmak
hurricane harasat
hurried al–asan, gyssagly, howul-hara
hurry e–mek, gyssagara, howlykmak, al–asamak, gyssamak
hurry about gaØmalaºmak
hurry someone up howlukdyrmak
hurry up haØdatmak, howlukmak
hurt šØkeli, agyrmak, agyrtmak
husband Šr
husband's sister bajy
hut ?atma, kŸme
hutzpah gaØrat
hybrid gibrid(r)
hydrogen wodorod(r)
hygiene gigiena(r)
hymn gimn(r)
hypnotizer gšzbag?y
hypocrisy jšgŸlik
hypocritical jšgi
I
I men
I see! ŠhŠ
I think... meni–?e
ice buz
ice-cream do–durma, moro£ny(r)
ice-crusted sŸr?ek
idea ideØa(r), oØ, pikir
ideal ideal(r)
identical bir menzes, birme–zeº
identity ºahs, ºahsyØet
ideological ideologik(r)
ideology ideologiØa(r)
idiom idioma(r)
idiomatic idiomatik(r)
idle bikŠr, ?aman, peØwagtna, Øalta
idleness Øaltalyk
if eger (de), kaºgŠ
if not bolmasa
ignorance ?alasowatlyk, jahyllyk, nadanlyk, nŠtanyºlyk
ignorant gapyl, jahyl, nadan, ?alasowat
ill agyry, aza, dert, keselli, syrkaw, hassa, nŠsag
ill person syrkaw
ill-bred kakabaº
ill-informed gapyl
ill-mannered kakabaº
illegal kanunsyz, gizlin
illiteracy sowatsyzlyk
illiterate sowatsyz
illness emgek, hassalyk, kesel, nŠhoºlyk, nŠsaglyk, syrkawlyk
illuminate ºšhlelendirmek, Øagtyltmak
illustrated suraty
illustration illØustrasiØa(r)
illustrative illØustratiw(r)
imaginary hyØally, fantastika(r)
imagination fantaziØa(r)
imbue tŸmmeklemek
imitate šØkŸnmek
imitation Øasama
immeasurable ?aksyz, ?ensiz
immediate at hand nobatdaky, nobatky
immediately bada-bat, zšwwe, gšmelteØ, badyna
immense ?aksyz, ?ensiz
immerse ?ŸmdŸrmek
immortal šlmez-Øitmez
immortalize ebedileºdirmek
imp haramzada
impassioned gyzykmak
impatient ?ydamsyz
imperative hškman
imperceptibly ogryn?a
imperialism imperializm(r)
imperialistic imperialistik(r)
imply diØmek2
impolite edepsiz
impoliteness edepsizlik
import import(r), importirlemek(r)
import/export duty gŸmrŸk
importance ŠhmiØet
important dahylly, mšhŸm, wajyp, bajyp, derwaØys
impoverish gedaØlaºmak
impress tŠsir galdyrmak
impression tŠsir
impressionable duØgur
impressive tŠsirli
imprison tŸrmŠ basmak, tŸrmŠ basmak
improve gowulandyrmak, gowylandyrmak, kŠmilleºdirmek, Øagºylandyrmak
improve oneself kŠmilleºmek
improved gurat
improvement guratlyk
in i?inde
in a big way gerim
in a day gŸnaºa
in a grand style gerim
in a short time mšhlet
in a word mahlasy
in addition Ÿste, Ÿstesine
in addition to ondan hem baºga, daºyndan
in agreement with razy
in conformity with laØyklyk-da
in disagreement jet
in earnest ?ynlakaØ
in front of š–Ÿnde
in full supply ŸpjŸn
in general garaz
in good spirts ºŠhda?yk
in great detail jikme-jik
in my opinion... meni–?e
in one's way peØwagtna
in order ugrukdyrmak
in pairs ikibir
in place of Øerine
in relation to degiºli
in short mahlasy
in the beginning baºda
in the front ilerik, ilerlegini, š–
in the future šwrŸlip
in the past š–
in the pre-dawn aladandan
in the summer tomsma
in truth dogrusy, hakykatdan
in turns gezegine, gezek-gezigine
in your style seni–?e
in-law gaØyn
inaccessible elØeter
inappropriate Øerliksiz
incapable bigaØrat
incendiary tutaºdyryjy
incessant Øoknasyz
incessantly tŸkeniksiz
incidental gidiºini
incision kertik
incline Øapgyt, yrmak
incoherence ke?jelik
income gipdeji
inconvenient ?emesiz
incorrect ters, nŠdogry
increase artdyrma, artmak, bulukmak, kšpelmek, kšpeltmek, ulaltmak
incredibly juda
incubation inkubasion(r), inkubasiØa(r)
incubator inkubator(r)
inculcate ornaºdyrmak
indebted to karzyna
indecent haØasyz
indefatiguable galadaw
indent gaغartmak
independence garaºsyzlyk, šzbaºdaklyk, šzbaºdaklyk
independent garaºsyz, šzbaºdak
indestructible, sarsmaz
index gšrkeziji, indeks(r)
Indian style aØbogdaº
indicator gšrkezgi?
indifference biperwaØlyk, perhaØlyk
indifferent biparh, biperwaØ, parhsyz, perbaØsyz
individual January
Indonesian indoneziØaly(r)
industrial industrial(r)
industrialize industrialaºdyrmak(r)
industrious janypkeº
industry industriØa(r), senagat
ineffective netijesiz
inefficient Øetiºiksiz
inept nalajedeØin
inept person tamakin
inequality de–sizlik
inescapable ala?syz
inevitability ala?syzlyk
inexpensive arzan
inexperienced jahyl
infection infeksiØa(r)
infectious Øokan?, Øokan?ly
infidel kapyr
inflame tataºmak
inflammation ?isme, ?iºme
inflate gŸbermek, ?ismek, ?iºirmek, pškretmek, ?ismek
inflated ºemallamak, ºemallatmak
inflection infleksiØon(r)
inflict harm zarbykdyrmak
influence tŠsir, tŠsir etmek
influential tŠsirli
inform ºugullamak, habar etmek, duØdurmak, idemek
informal good-bye hoº
information informasiØa(r), informasiØon(r), izweºeniØe, derek
informative manyly, derekli
ingratiate Øalym-Øulumetmek
inhabited area mekan
inherit miras almak
inheritance miras
initial ilkinji, ilki
initially bada, ilkibada, ilkibaºda
initiative inisiatiwa(r)
injection ukol(r)
injure kesdirmek
injuries šØke-kine
injury šØke
injustice adalatsyzlyk
ink syØa
ink cartrige sterzhen(r)
inlay gaºlamak
inlayed stones gaº
inlet bogaz
inner region i?eri
innocence bigŸnŠlik, Øazyksyzlyk
innocent bigŸnŠ, Øazyksyz, gŸnŠsiz
innovation tŠzelik?ilik
innovator tŠzelik?i
innumerable egsilmez
inoculate peØwent etmek
inquire ?intgemek, hštde gelmek, ?aramak
inquire about eØgermek
insect mšjek
insects mšr-mšjek
insecure aljyra––y, mŸ–kŸr
insensibly ogryn?a
insert sokmak
inside i?, i?eri, i?inde, ?šwre
insides i?erik, i?erki
insignificant ujypsyz
inspect esetmek
inspection inspeksiØa(r)
inspector inspektor(r)
inspiration ruhubelentlik, ylham
inspire gunuºmak, ruhlandyrmak, ganatlandyrmak
inspired ruhubelent
installation montaA(r)
instant lampa, maØ
instantaneous Øalpa
instead of deregine
institute institut(r)
institution edara
instruct šwretmek
instruction instruksiØa(r), tŠlim, wagyz-nesihat
instructor instruktor(r)
instrument gural, esbap
instruments abzallar
insufficient Øetmez?ilik
insulate ?etleºdirmek
insulated ?etleºmek
insult kine, nadyllyk
insurance strahowanie(r)
intact abat, sazlamak, saz
intactness abatlyk
integral integral(r)
integrated plant kombinat(r)
integrity ar-namys
intellectual akyldar
intelligence officer razwedka?y(r)
intelligent intelligent(r)
intend hyØallanmak, niØetlemek
intended for Ÿ?in
intense gyzgala–ly, dartgynly, gyzgyn
intensify gyzdyrmak, gŸØjemek
intensity gyzgynlyk
intention hyØal, niØet, pŠl, pygyl
intercept gabatlamak
interchange ?alºyk
intercity ºŠherara
interest hšwes, meØil, hšwes, gyzyklandyrmak
interesting gyzykly, hezil, tŠsirli
intermediary ara?y
international halkara, intenasional(r)
interrogation sorag
interrupt kesmek
intersect kesiºmek
interval ara, interwal(r), aralyk
intervention interwensiØa(r)
interview interwØu(r)
intestine i?ege, i?
intimacy ØŸrekdeºlik
intimate ØŸrekdeº
intolerant ?ydamsyz
intonation intonasiØa(r)
intrepid gaØduwsyz
introduce tanalmak, tanyºdyrmak
introduction giriº, sšz
invade zabt etmek
invalid inwalid(r), maØyp
invent oØlap tapmak, tos-toslamak
inventor inwentor(r), oØlap tapyjy
inventory u?Øot(r)
investigative ideg-sorag
investment goØum
invincible Øe–ilmez
invitation ?agaryº, ?akylyk
invite ?agarmak, ?agyrmak
involuntarily biala?
involuntary biygtyØar
Irish irlandiØaly
iron ŸtŸklemek(r), demir, (for clothing) ŸtŸk(r)
ironic kinaØaly
ironical kinaØaly
irony kinaØa
irreplacable tapylgysyz
irreproachable birkemsiz, kemsiz
irrigate joØalmak
irrigation ditch joØa
irritate gyjynmak
island ada
isolate ?etleºdirmek
isolation izolØasion(r), izolØasiØa(r)
isolator izolØator(r)
issuance neºir
it ol
it can be meger
Italian italØan
itch giji, gikilewik
itch oneself sŸØkenmek
J
ivy ?yrmaºyk
jab ?ommaltmak
jabber jedirdemek
jack ºtepsel(r)
jackal ºagal
jackdaw zakyja
jacket jilt, penjek
jam/jelly mŸrepbe
jam in dykmak
jangles dŸwme
Japan ØaponiØa
Japanese Øapon
jar banka(r)
jealous gabanja–
jealousy gšrŸbilmez?ilik
jeer syrtartmak
jeren jeren
jester masgarabaz
jeweler zergŠr
jingle ºy––yrdy, ºa–lamak, ºa––yrdamak, ºy––yrdamak, ti––irdemek, ti––irdetmek, ti––irdi, dŸ––Ÿrdemek
jog gezer
join baglamak, sepiºmek, seplemek
joined baglaØjy
joint baglanyºyk, sepgit, tikin
joke degiºmek
joke around bŠl?ireºmek
joker degiºgen, wŠºi
jokingly wŠºi
jolt or shake siltemek
journal £urnal(r)
journalist £urnalist(r)
journey syØahat, sapar, syØahat
joy begen?, ºatlyk, Øagtylyk
joyful hoºwagt, ºat, ºatlykly, ºŸwele–
joyfully ºŸwele–li
jubilee ØubileØ(r)
judge sudØa
jug kŸØze
juggler £onglØor(r)
juggling £onglØorlyk(r)
juice ºire
July iØul
jump bškmek, towusmak
jump out zomp edip ?ykak
jumpy gš?gŸnli
junction uzel(r)
June iØun
jungle je––el
junk kšne-kŸºŸl
jury £Øori(r)
just halal, hut, la, adalatly, ynsaply
just as dessine, misli
just like ºeØle, tŸØs
just now Øa–yja
just so keØpine
just the opposite gaØta
justice adalatlylyk, ynsap
juvenile ki?i, Øetginjek
K
Kazahk Gazak, kazak
kebob kebap
kebob restaurant kebaphana
keenness eserde–lik
keep tutmak, saklamak
keep at a distance ga?a durmak
keep house eØelik etmek
keep quiet jy–kyny ?ykarmazlk
keep a secret lak bolmak
kerosene nebit
key a?ar, ?eºme
kick depmek
kid ?ebis
kidney bšwrek, pyntyk
kidney beans noØba
kids ?aga-?uga
kill gyrmak, šldŸrmek, gyrylmak
kilogram kilogram(r)
kilometer kilometr(r)
kin asyl
kind patyºa, sort(r)
kindergarden ?agalar bagy
kindergarten primer harplyk
king ºa
kiosk kiosk(r)
Kirghiz gyryz
kisel kisel
kiss špŸº, ogºamak, špmek, špmek
kiss each other špŸ?mek, ogºaºmak
kitchen kuhnØa
knapsack goºtorba
knead myn?gamak, Øuwgurmak, eØlemek
knee dyz, tirsek
kneecap ?anak
kneel ?škermek, ?ške dŸºmek
knife py?ak, py?aklamak
knit šrmek, iºmek, šrmek
knit the browns ?ytmak
knock ºarkyldy, tyrkyldy, ?aknyºmak, ºarkyldamak, tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, tarsuldamak, taØaklamak, tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak, tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak, kakmak
knock down Øykmak
knocking tarkyldy
knoll depe
knot syrma, ?itim, dŸwmek
know bilmek
know deeply ele almak
know somebody tanamak
know-how ussatlyk
know-nothing Šhlepus
knowledgeable dŸºŸnjeli, bilimli
knowledge a–-bilim, bilim, ylym
known mŠlim, tanyº
known person tanyº
Kremlin kreml(r)
kurd kŸrt
L
labor zŠhmet
laboratory laboratoriØa(r)
laboratory worker laborant(r)
lace bagjyk, bag, kšjemek
lacerate tŸØt-mŸØt etmek
lack kemlik, kšst
lacquer lak(r), laklamak
lactate Øelin gozgamak
ladder merdiwan
ladel gŸØgŸ?
ladle ?olpy, susak
lair sŸren
lake kšl
lamb guzy, tokly
lame agsak
lament ahmyr etmek, ahmyr, ?ygyrmak
lamp ?yra, lampa(r)
land Øurt, Ÿlke, Øer, tarap, toprak, gonmak
land a plane gondyrmak, pessaØlamak
landmark ?elgi
landscape landshaft(r), peØa(r)
language dil
lank takyr
lap etek
large ?iºik, esli
larynx kekirdek
lashes pazyl
last ahyrky, ahyryn, šten, gutarnykly, so–ky
lastest ter
latch onto tirkemek
late gi?, gi?ki
late afternoon ikindin
later so–, so–ra
latest tŠze
lathe tokar(r)
latitude (geographical) gi–lik
lattice gšzenek
laugh hykyrdy, gŸlmek, jakyrdamak, jykyrdamak, (of large groups) gŸlŸºmek, (loudly) pakyrdamak
laughing stock oØnatgy
laughter gŸlki, jakyrdy
launch kater
lavish adyl, jomart
lavishness jomartlyk
law kanun, wesØet
lawless bikanun, kanunsyz
lawlessness kanunsyzlyk
lawyer aklaw?y
lay pollamak, Øerleºdirmek
lay down Øazmak
lay down arms Øaragsyzlanmak
lay eggs Øumurtgalamak
layer gat, gatlak, topar, Øokundy
layered gatlakly
laziness Øaltalyk
lazy ?aman, ezenek, Øaltanmak, Øalta
lazybones bihepbe
lead Øazlamak, rejelemek, timarlamak, alyn
lead (metal) gurºun
leader serdar, Øolbaº?y
leadership Øolbaº?ylyk
leaf Øaprak
leak syrykmak, dškmek
lean Øanamak, hor, gyºarmak, sšØemek, Øaplamak
lean against Øaplanmak
lean on one's elbows Øassanmak
lean over abanmak
leanse saplamak
leap towusmak, py–kyrmak, se–kildemek
leap off indermek
learn šwrenmek, šwrenmek
learning tŠlim, taglymat
leash šrk, šrklemek
leather gaØyº, gšn, deri, teletin
leather bag sana?
leave ?ykmak
leave behind š–Ÿrtmek
leaven gor, maØa
leavening hamyrmaØa, hamyrturºy
lecture pent
ledge kert
leech sŸlŸk
leeward Øele, yk
left ?ep
left side ?ep
left-behind galak
left-handed person ?epbekeØ
left-over galak
leftovers galak-gal?ak
leg aØak
leg-wrappings dolak
legal kanuny
legality kanunlylyk, kanunylyk
legalize resmileºdirmek, kanunlaºdyrmak
legend rowaØat
leggy aØakly
legibility ?Ÿmhšreklik
legible ?Ÿmhšrek
legitimacy kanunlylyk, kanunylyk
legitimate kanuny
legitimize kanunlaºdyrmak
leguminous kšsŸkli
length dowan, uzaklyk, uzynlyk
lengthen uzaltmak
lengthy dowanly
Leo (zodiac sign) ºir
lessen azalmak
lesson sapak
let down myssarmak
let escape sypdyrmak
let fall ga?yrmak
let go sypdyrmak, goØbermek
let in girizmek, hekgermek
let loose ga?yrmak
letter hat, hat
level tekje, endiganlamak
liar aldaw?y, Øalan?y
libel myjabat
liberal jomart
liberalness jomartlyk
library kitaphana
license ygtyØar, ºaØatnama
lick one's lips tamºanmak
lickspittle Øaranja–
lid pokryºka(r)
lie ?ypdyrma, aldaw, aldamak, ?Šºermek
lie down uzanmak, Øatmak
life durmuº, gŸzeran, šmŸr, šmŸr, ØaºaØyº, January, mydar
life-long companion hemra
lifeless jansyz
lifelong šmŸrlik
lifting kštel
light Øagtylyk, Øe–il, Øylpyldy, yºyk, ršwºen
light/sky blue mawy
lightbulb lampo?ka(r)
lighten Øe–letmek
lighter Øe–lemek, Øe–leºmek
lightheartedness wŠºilik
lightly dressed ?yplak, ?ypla–
lightning Øyldyrym
lightning strike Øyldyrym ?akmak
lightwited Øe–ilkelle
like kimin, misli, Øaly, tŸØsli, ºekilli, gowy gšrmek, halamak, pisint oturmak, Øaramak
like (one another) halaºmak
like a seizure kakynly
like that ºeØle, hol
like-minded pikerdeº
liken me–zetmet
likeness me–ze?lik
limb ?len(r)
lime hek
limit het
limitless ?Šksiz
limp agsamak
line ?yzyk, setir, trassa(r), hatar
line up setilemk
linen polotno(r)
linger haØal-Øagallyk etmek, tŠsgenmek, ykmak
lining Øagyrni?lik
lion arslan, Øolbars
lip dodak
liquid Øuwan, suwuk, suwuklyk
liquify zaØleek
list tablisa, ugur
listen di–lemek, di–leØmek
listen attentively gulak asmak, gulak salmak
listen to di–ºirgemek
listener di–leØji
literacy sowat
literal harma-harp
literary edebi
literate sowatly, sowatly
literature edebiØat
litter zibil
little az, ownuk, uºak
little bells dŸwme
little book depder?e
little brother ini
little bunny ?ebºek
little by little az-azdan, gitdigi?e
little cakes piro£ny(r)
little children oglan-u?ak
little cup pyØaluºka
little dictionary sšzlŸklik
little finger kŸlembibi
little knot dŸwŸn?ek
little rascal bezzat
little slice gy–ak
live Øaºamak
live coals kšz
lively janly
liver bagyr
livestock mal, dowar
livestock breeding maldar?ylyk
living ØaºaØyº
living quarters mesgen
lizard as, ha££uk, kelpeze, suwulgan
load ØŸk, zarØadlamak, oklamak
load up ØŸklemek
loaded ØŸkli
loader ØŸk?i
loading zarØadka(r)
loaf around ykmak
loam laØ, toØun
loamy toØunsow
loan zaØom(r)
lobby foØe(r)
local orunly, oturymly, Øerli
located Øerleºmek
location esgerlik
lock gulp, gulplamak, petilemek
locust ?ekirtge
log naw
loiter ka–kamak
lone Øeke
loneliness aØralyk
long šsgŸn, uzyn, tukatlanmak, uzak
long ago bir?ak, hŠli, kšpden
long for ?ygylmak, ymtylmak
long-distance ºŠherara
long-lasting pugta
longitude uzynlyk, uzaklyk
look gšrnŸº, kysym, nazar, keºp, garaØyº, kšw salmak
look after seretmek
look around garanjaklamak
look at esetmek, Š–etmek, seretmek
look for eklemek, agtarmak, selpemek
look for someone indemek
look like me–zemek
look over a–karmak, Š–etmek
loom stanok(r), hellewlemek
loop halka, petle(r)
loose Øumºak
loosen ?šzmek, Øumºamak
looseness Øumºaklyk
lose basylmak, utdurmak, Øitirmek
lose a game Øe–ilmek, utulmak
lose energy ysgynsyzlanmak
lose weight iglemek
loss Øitgi, yrØa
lot bije, ŸlŸº, tŠleØ
lottery lotereØa(r)
loud ?asly, ºowhunly
love mŠhir, sšØgi, yºk, sšØmek
love of work jepakeºlik, iºje–lik
love one another sšØŸºmek
lover of the wild hyrdar
lover of work iºje–
low ?šket, ?šr, pes
low-life aºaky
lower ?šket, aºaklamak, myssarmak, sallamak, Øazdyrmak
lower jaw Š–
lowering e–aºak
lowlands ?šketlik
luck bagt
lucky ma–laØly, hoºbagt
lull huwwalamak, hŸ££ermek, hŸwdŸlemek
lullaby hŸwdi
lump kesek, lokga, dšwŸm
lunch gŸnortanlyk nahar
lung šØken, šØken
lungs bagyr-šØken
lurch ?aØkanmak
lustre lowurdy, Øalpyldy
lye aºgar
M
ma'am daØza
machete ?algy
machine maºinka(r), maºyn
machine gun pulemØot(r)
machinery) kšneltmek
machinist maºinist(r)
machmaker saw?y
mad guduz, telbe
made of edilen
magazine £urnal(r)
magic jady
magician jadygšØ
magnet magnit(r)
magnify ulalmak
magpie alahekik
mail po?ta
mailman po?talon(r)
mainland materik
maintenance mazmun, saklaØyº
majestic belent
major maØor(r)
make marka(r), Øasamak, hars, etmek
make a bed gowlamak
make a bet jedel etmek
make a call jy––yrdatmak
make a case delillendirmek
make a fist Øumruklamak
make a fuss izzildemek
make a hole deºmek
make a hole in kšwmek
make a noise gyk-bak etmek, ºagyrdamak, ºaggyldamak
make a pact wadalaºmak
make a place home Øerlemek
make a speech ?ykyº etmek
make a stop duruzmak, dټlemek
make a tool abzallaºdyrmak
make a trade sšwda etmek
make accurate sazlamak
make acquaintance tanyºmak
make an abstract of kospektirlemek(r)
make an agreement razylaºmak
make an effort emgemek
make an incision kertmek
make an indistinct noise dŸkŸrdemek
make an offer teklip etmek
make angry gaharjandyrmak, gazaplandyrmak
make at home jaØlaºdyrmak
make beautiful owadanlamak
make better gowulandyrmak, gowulaºmak
make black garaltmak
make bulging Øepbeºdirmek
make clear subut etmek, anyklamak, aØdy–laºdyrmak
make deeper ?ukuralmak, ?u–almak
make dry kakatmak
make even de–lemek
make fine irlemek
make glassy aØnalamak
make haste al–asamak
make hay siloslamak
make hooked ga–rylamak
make it to gowuºmak
make in time Øetiºmek
make known bellenmek, bildirmek
make larger ulaltmak
make laugh gŸldŸrmek
make merry bŠl?iremek
make more frequent Øygjamlatmak
make more profuse ?ukuralmak
make muddy pal?ykyldamak
make noise gykylyklamak, wagyrdamak
make old garratmak
make oneself useful peØdalanmak
make a sign belgilemek
make peaceful parahatlanmak
make smaller uºatmak
make someone content kanagatlandyrmak
make someone wait garaºdyrmak
make someone work iºletmek
make someone insecure aljyratmak
make something better o–atlandyrmak
make something crumble owratmak
make something drip sarkyrmak
make something rhyme kapyØalaºdyrmak
make specific konkretleºdirmek(r)
make stand turuzmak
make still durlamak, arkaØynlamak
make thin in?eltmek
make up ylalaºmak, Øaraºmak
make up one's mind karara gelmek
make use of haØyrlanmak
make weak gowºatmak
make well abadanlaºdyrmak
make yellow saralmak
make-up grim(r), kosmetika(r), dŸzŸm
malaria gyzzyrma, ysytma
male nurse sanitar(r)
malevolent betniet, betpŠl
malfunction kellebaºaØak
malice hyØanat
malicious gy–yr, hyrsyz
mallet tokmak
man erkek, adam
man of letters edebiØat?y
manage o–armak, beØem?ilik etmek, dolandyrmak, edara etmek
management dolandyrys, uprawleniØe(r), prowlenie(r)
manager beØem?i, uprawleniØaØuººi£(r), mŸdir
mandarin mandarin
mandatory hškman
maneuver manØowr(r)
manger Øasli(r)
mangle typan?an, taØgan?ak
mangy kel, gotur
manly mert
manner edŠhet, usul, tŠr
manure dškŸn
manuscript golØazma
many en?eme, kšp
many-floored gatbar-gatbar
map karta
March mart(r)
march ØšrŸº, Šdimlemek
marching nyzam
mare baØtal
mark hŠsiØetlendirmek, alamat, baha, nyºan, teØdar, habar, nyºana
marketable ØšrgŸnli
marking teØdar
marksman mergen
marksmanship mergenlik
marriage nika
married (of a girl) durmuºa ?ykan
married couple Šr-aØal
marry nikalaºmak
marry (of a girl) durmuºa ?ykmak
marsh sŸØgeºiklik
marshall mar?al(r)
marshy (adj.) sŸØgeºik
martial law harby ØagdaØ
martyr ejir, ezØet
marvel gudrat
marvelous tŠsin
marxism marksizm(r)
marxism-leninism marksizm-leninizm(r)
marxist marksistik(r)
mask maska(r)
masquerade maskarad(r)
mass kšp?Ÿlik, massa(r), jisim, tšp
mass death gyrgyn
mass meeting miting(r)
massage massaA(r), owkalamak
mast bogaldak
master senet?i, senet?ilik, ussa, ØasaØjy, halypa, hojaØyn, ussat, šzleºdirmek, tŸrgenleºmek
mastery ?eper?ilik, ?eperlik, ussa?ylyk, ussatlyk
match otlu?šp, kŸkŸrt, dšw
matchmaker saw?ylar
material maddy, material(r), materiØa(r)
materialism materializm(r)
materialistic materialistik(r)
math tangens(r)
mathematical matematiki(r)
mathematics matematika(r)
matt š?Ÿgsi
matted š?gŸn
matter iº, jisim, madda, materiØa(r), iº
mattress dټek?e
mature šnmek
maturity Øetºenlik
mausoleum mawzoleØ(r)
may mŸmkin
May maØ
may peace be upon you salawmaleØkim
mayor hŠkim
me men, lŠlezar, lŠlezarlyk, ?emen
meal biº-duº, ?aØ-?šrek, nahar
mean Øakymsyz, diØmek2, niØetlemek
mean-spirited gaharly
meaning ŠhmiØet, many
meaningless batnyksyz, bolgusyz
means eklen?, seriºde, tŠr
meanwhile hŠzirlik?e
measure ?ak, šl?eg, ?en, šl?emek, šl?emek
measurement šl?eØiº
meat et
meatpie somsa(r)
meaty etli
mechanic mehanik(r), maºinist(r)
mechanical drawing ?ertØor(r)
mechanics mahanika(r)
mechanism mehanizm(r)
mechanization mehanizasiØa(r)
mechanize mehanizmle?dirmek(r)
medal medal(r), £eton(r)
medical assistant feldsher(r)
medicine derman, em, medisina(r)
meditate on di–ir genmek
meekness Øuwaºlyk
meet gšrŸºmek, garºyldamak, u?ramak, duº gelmek, duºmak, duºuºmak, tanyºmak, gšrmek, garºy, tanyº bolmak
meet someone sataºmak, Øolukmak
meeting duºuºyk, oturylyºyk, barlyºyk
melancholy tukatlyk
melodiousness labyz
melody labyz, mukam, he–
melon gawun
melonfield bakja
melt eremek
member agza, ?len(r)
membership ?lenlik
membrane perde
memorial ceremony aØat
memory hakyda, huº, ØadygŠr
menace haØbat
mend dŸz etmek, Øamamak
mental ruhy
mention someone else agzamak
menu menØu(r)
meow mawlamak
mercantilism nebisje–lik, nebsewŸrlik
merchant sšwdager, sšwdagar
merciful ge?irimli
mercury simap
meridian meridian(r)
merit hyzmat, mertebe
merlin gyrgy
merrily ºŠhda?yk, ºŸwele–li
merriment ºadyØanlyk, ºagala–
merry bŠl?ik, sapaly, ºadyØan, ºŸwele–, hoºwagt, mes, ºagala–ly, ºoh
message tabºyryk, maglumat, sargyt
metal metal(r)
metallurgy metallurgiØa(r)
meter metr(r)
method metod(r), tŠr, usul
methodical metodik(r)
methodist (one who is skilled in methodologies) metodist(r)
methods metodika(r)
microbe mikrob(r)
microphone mikrofon(r)
microscope mikroscop(r)
middle ara, orta, ortaky, ortanjy
middle-sized aralyk
midnight Øary gije
might kuwwat
mighty Špet
mild tultuk, myssyk
militancy sšweºlyk
militant sšweºjen
militarize harbylaºdyrmak
military harby
military service goºun?ylyk
militia milisiØa(r)
milk sŸØt, sŸØt, sagmak
milkmaid sagym?y
milky sŸØtli
mill degirmen, haraz
millet dary
millimeter millimetr(r)
million million(r)
mimic šØkŸnmek
mince eljiremek
mind akyl, a–, kelle, ØŸrek, Øat
mine ºahta(r)
miner ºahta?y(r), ºahtØor(r)
mineral mineral(r)
minister ministr(r)
ministry ministrlik(r)
mint narpyz, ?ekankalamak, ?yrpmak
minty narpyzly
minus sign minus(r)
minute minut(r), kŸlke, maØda
minutely jikme-jik
miracle gudrat
mirage sagym, salgym
mirror aØna
mischief betlik
misconstrue ØoØmak
miser gysgan?
miserly gysgan?
misfortune betbagtlyk
misinformed bihabar
mispronounce pelteklemek
mispronunciation peltek
miss my?mak, sypdyrmak, ØŸrek gysmak
miss someone intizar bolmak
missed sowa
mission tabºyryk, missiØa(r)
missle snaØard
mist ?igrek, duman
mistake Øal–yº
mistaken telek
misty dumanly
mix bulamak, garyºdyrmak, gatmak
mix in garyºdyrmak
mix up Øal–yºdyrmak, bulaºdyrmak
mix with garmak
mixed garyºyk
mixed up duk, ?olaºmak
moan hyklamak, nala, nalamak, i–lemek, izzildemek
mob ŸØºmele–
mobile gš?me
mobilization mobilizasiØa(r)
mobilize mobilizlemek(r)
model gšredeli, model(r), marka(r)
moderate maØdal
moderately aram
modern hŠzirki, tŠze
modest ki?igšwŸnli
modification ŸØtgeºiklik
modify ŸØtgetmek
moist ?ygly, ?ygly, ?ig, nemli, ºalpy-ºara–
moisten ezmek, ezilmek
moistness ?yglyk
moisture ?yg, nem, yzgar, zeØ
moisturize zaØleek
molasses toºap
Moldovan moldowan
mole tŠ?
molecular molekulØar
molecule molekula
moment lampa, maØ, pursat
momentarily ºapba
momentary Øalpa, minutlyk(r)
Monday duºenbe
money pul
Mongol mongol
monkey maØmyn
monotonous birhili
monster gorkun?
monstrous person ganhor
month aØ
monthly aØlyk
monument monument(r), ØadygŠrlik
monumental monumental(r)
moo molamak
mood tap, ºŠht
moon aØ, aØdy–
moonlit aØdy–
moral moral(r), ahlak
morality moral(r)
morals moral(r)
morbidity Øarawsyzlyk
more than gowrak
morning ertir, irden
morsel tike
mortar minomØot(r)
Moslem musulman
mosque metjit
mosquito aØak?y, ?irkeØ, ?ybyn
most i–
most of the time galapyn
moth gŸe, ?irkeØ
mother eje
motherhood ejelik
mother tongue ene dili
motor motor(r), dwigatel(r)
motorcyle motosikl(r)
motorized water pump skwazhina(r)
motorship teplohod(r)
mount mŸnmek
mountain dag
mountain passage štelgesi
mountain-dweller dagly
mourn gam cekmek, zarynlamak
mournful zaryn, nalyºly
mouse sy?an, sy?an
moustache murt
moustached murtly
mouth agyz
mouth harp gopuz
mouthful atagzy
move gš?, tigirlenmek, togalanmak, yrgyldamak, butnamak, gš?mek, hereket etmek, herketlendirmek, sŸØºmek, sŸØŸºmek
move oneself gozganmak
move something gozgamak
move something gš?Ÿrmek, sŸØºŸrmek
move away from uzaklaºmak
move backward gaØralmak
move forward ilerlemek, sٯټmek
movement gatnaw, hereket, gadam
much kŠn, kšp, uly
mucus nem
mud kir, pal?yk, batga, ?or, ?yrºak, hapa, lŸØk
muddle Øal–yºdyrmak
muddy kirli
mulberry tut
mule gatyr
mule saddle ga––a
mull over ikirjinlemek
mullah molla
multi-colored re–be-re–, (2 colors) ala, (3 or more colors) alabeder
multilateral kšptaraply
multiply artdyrma, kšpeltmek
mumble samramak, sarnamak
mumblings samyrdy
municipal kommunal(r)
Murat gezdirmek
murderer ganhor
murmur ºillirdi, hŸmŸrdemek, ºillirdemek, ºirrildemek, ºyrlamak
museum muzeØ(r)
mushroom kšmelek
music saz
music bow kemen?e
musical sazly, saz
musician sazanda, sazandar
Muslim musulman
mustard gor?itsa(r)
musucianship sanandarlyk
mute sessiz, lal
muteness lallyk
mutilation ºikes
mutineer gozgala–?y
mutiny pitne, topala–
mutter hŸmŸrdemek, samramak, sarnamak
mutterings samyrdy
mutual šzara
mutual aid arkalaºyk
mutual respect sylaºyk
muzzle tumºuk
myself šzŸm
mysterious syrly, syrly
mystery syr, syr, tilsim
N
nail ?ŸØ, ?ŸØlemek, (metal) myh, (finger or toe) dyrnak
naive mšn
naked Øalana?
name atlandyrmak
named after ady–daky
namely atlaØyn, atly
namesake atdaº
nana eneke
napkin salfetka(r)
narrow atØuzli, dar
nasty nejis
nation millet, halk, Øurt
national milli
nationality halkylyk, halkyØet, osetin, raØat, millet
nationwide Šhlihalk, umumyhalk
native sŸØtdeº
natural tebigy, kanuny
naturalist naturalist(r)
naturally formed bakja oØtak
nature tabigat
naught nol(r)
near duldegºir, Øakyn, golaØ
nearly tas
neat rejeli
necessary derkar, gerek, gerekli, zerur, hškman, mšhŸm
necessity hškmany
neck boØun
necklace monjuk
necktie galstuk(r)
need hajat, zerurlyk, hal-ahwal, mŠtŠ? bolmak, (dire need) mŠtŠ?lik
needed gerek, gerekli
needle i––e, i––e
needy mŠtŠ?
negative otrisatel
neglect Šsgermez?ilik, Šsgermezlik, harlamak
negotiate wadalaºmak
negotiated gepleºik
negotiation(s) gepleºikler
negotiations gepleºik
neigh kiº–emek
neighbor go–ºy, go–ºy-golan
neighborhood tšwerek
neighboring go–ºy
neighborly duldegºir
nephew Øegen
nerve nerw(r), damar
nest hšwŸrtge, hšwŸrtge, šØjŸk
net setka(r), tor
neutral bitarap
neutrality bitaraplyk
new tŠze
new thing tŠzelik
newlyweds ?atynja = tŠze ?atynja
newness tŠzelik
news habar, hat-habar, tŠzelik
newspaper gazet(r)
next golaØ, indiki, nobatdaky, nobatky, indi, hšwŸrtgelemek
next time indikile
nibble gemirmek
nice gšrkana, gšrmegoØ, Øakymly, gšzel, mylaØym
nickel ºaØylyk, ºaØy
nickname lakam
niece Øegen, Øegen?i
night gije
nightingale bilbil
nightmare garabasma
nightsoil dškŸn
nimble ØŸwrŸk
nine dokuz
ninety togsan
ninth dokuzynjy
nintieth toganynjy
nitrogen azot(r)
no Øok, dŠl
no one yns-jyns
no-good warak
noble asylly
noise galmagal, goh, gopgun, gykylyk, jenjel, ºaggyldy, wagyr, zenzele, ºagyrdy, ses, ºowhun
noisy galmagally, ºowhunly, sesli
nomad ?arwa
nomadic camp gš?
nominate bellenmek
nomination bellenme
non-stop dyngysyz, dynman
noodle soup unaº
nook ?Ÿ–k
noon gŸnortan
noose hepbik, syrma
norm norma(r)
normal adat?a, normal(r), kadaly
north demirgazyk
northeast gaØra, demirgazyk-gŸndogar
northwest demirgazyk-gŸnbatar
nose burun
not dŠl
not a soul gum-gulluk
not at all teØ
not bad ganymat
not far golaØda
not full gowuz
not long ago golaØda, hŠli
not on good terms jet
not peaceful o–ºuksyz
not present Øok
not understandable dŸºnŸksiz
not very on?akly
not well nŠhoº
not well thought out oØlanyºyksyz
notable tanymal
notary notarius(r)
note habar, hat, (diplomatic or musical) nota(r)
notebook depder
notepad bloknot(r)
nothing hi?, yns-jyns
notice garaºyk
notification habardar
notion dŸºŸnje, termin(r)
nourish iØmitlendirmek
nourishment iØmit
novel roman(r)
November noØabr(r)
novice šwrenje
now hŠzir, hŠzir, indi, ºindi
now then Øa
now and then aram-aram
nuclear Øadro(r)
nucleus šzen
numb sšmelmek
number nomer(r), san, san, sifr(r), mukdar, nomerlemek(r)
nurse emdirmek, naharlamak
nursery ºitilhana
nut hoz
O
oar kŸrek
oasis oØlyk
oat flour talhan
oath ant, kasam
oats sŸle
obesity semizlik
object obØekt(r), predmet(r), garºy cykmak
objective obØektiw(r)
obligatory hškmany
oblique gyØa, ?asy
obliterate Øegsan etmek
oblong sŸØnmek, sŸØri
obscure bŸremek
obscurity tŸm, tŸmlŸk
obsenity sšgŸn?
observe syn etmek, synlamak
observe a ceremony dabaralanmak
obstacle garsylyk, garºylyk
obstacles pŠsgel?ilik
obstinacy ke?lik, kesirlik
obstinance tutanØerlik
obstinate dikdŸºdi, hš?jet, ke?, ke?jal, kejir, kesir, ketje, tutanØerli
obstruct bškdemek, germemek
obstruction bškden?, germew
obtuse ke?je, tŸnt
obvious anyk, aØan, aØyl-saØyl, gšz-gšrtele, ŠºgŠr, gšrnetin, aØdy–
obviously mese-mŠlim
obviousness ŠºgŠrlik
occasion sŠwlik
occasionally ?endan
occupation okkupasiØa(r), hŸnŠr, senet
occupied meºgul
occupy okkupirlemek
occur without help šz-šzŸnden
occurence hadysa, hekaØat
ocean de–iz, okean(r)
October oktØabr
odd bitaØ, dagynyk
odd (in number) tŠk
odor ys
oesophagus šdek
of course elbetde
offence nadyllyk, šØke
offences šØke-kine
offend gšwnŸne degmek
offended šØkeli, kineli, nadyl
offense etmiº, kine
offer teklip, hšdŸrlemek
office edara, kanselØariØa(r), kontor(r), tipografiØa(r)
officer ofiser(r)
officer's mess ofiserlik
official resmi, gerbli
offshoot gol?ur
often aglaba, Øygy-Øygydan
oh hŠ
oh, yes hŠ
oh! eØ-waØ, wiØ
oh! gosh! wah
oh! oh boy! waØ
oil nebit, Øaglamak, (cooking) Øag
oil worker nebit?i
oilcloth kleØonka(r)
oily Øagly
okay bolØar, adat?a, hoº
old baØry, garry, goja, kšne
old age garrylyk
old person garry
old things kšne-kŸºŸl
old woman kempir
older eØmen?, ekabyr
older brother aga
olive zeØtin
olympiad olimpiada(r)
olympics spartakiØada(r)
omission propusk(r)
on boØun?a
on a diet berhizli
on an empty stomach ajšze
on end syn-syn
on hand nagt
on purpose bilgeºleØin
on the contrary tersine
on the part of babatda
on top Øokary, atlaØyn
onlooker tomaºa?y
once birwagt
once again tŠze?e, Øamaºgan, Øamaºgandan
once and for all dŸØpgšter, dŸØpleØin
once more Øene
one bir, Øekelik
one after the other u?dantutma, yzly-yzynda
one and all beØikli-pesli
one and only Øeke-tŠk
one-blooded ganybir
one by one Øeke-Øeke
one day gŸnin
one hundred ØŸzlŸk
one hundredth ØŸzŸnji
one of biri
one on one baºa-baº
one way gidiºin
one-sided birtaraplaØyn
oneness birlik, Øekelik
onion sogan
only di–e, birlik, Øeke
only a little ?ala
onset tutnak
onslaught tutnak
open a?, ŠºgŠr, a?mak, ha–latmat
open wide ha–latmat
open-hearted gšwna?yk, mylakatly, akgšwŸnli
opening a?ylyº
openness ŠºgŠrlik
opera opera(r)
operate ØagdaØlaºmak
operation operasiØa(r)
opinion ekspertizia(r), garaØyº, pikir
opposite a–ry, tersine
opposition garºylyk
oppress Øanamak
oppression sŸtem, zulum
or Øa, Øada
or else Øogsa, bolmasa
orally dilden
orange mŠmiºi
orbit orbita(r)
orbital orbital(r)
orchestra orkestr(r)
order dŸzgŸn-tertip, dŸzgŸn-nyzam, hškŸm, narØad, orden, tertip, tertip-dŸzgŸn, zakaz(r), dŸzgŸn, buØurmak, sargamak, sarmak
ordered tertipli
ordering dŸzgŸnnama
orderliness baºly-barat
orderly dŸzŸwli
ordinal numbers tertip sanlar
ordinarily kšplen?
ordinary(r) rØadowoØ
ore magdan
organ organ
organic organik(r)
organism organizm(r), sŸu
organization gurama
organize saØhallaºdyrmak, ?Šklendirmek, horlanmak, guramak
organize a party toØlamak
organizer gurama?y
origin gelip ?ykyº, gšzbaºy
original šzboluºly
originate gelip ?ykmak
ornament gŸl
orphan Øetim
orthographic orfografik(r)
orthography orfografiØa(r)
oscillate yrgyldatmak
oscillation yrgyldy
ostrich dŸØeguº
other baºga
other people's keseki, kese
other things baºga zat
others eØleki
otherwise baºga?a, Øogsa
otter gunduz
ouch! eØ-wŠk, wŠk
out (sports) aut(r)
out of control Øabany
out of reach elØeter
out of the wind Øele
out of tune bozulan
out of whack bozulan
outcry haØkylyk, nŠrazy?ylyk
outer daºky, gyraky
outer space kosmos(r)
outfit enjamlaºdyrmak
outline kospekt(r)
outline sudur, ºekel
outlined ?Šklenmek
outpost zastawa(r)
output šndŸrijilik
outside daºary, daºky
oval sŸØri
ovary naØ?a
over Ÿstaºyr
over the top Øokarlygyna
over there hanha, holha, honha
overalls kombinezon(r)
overcoat palto(r), ºinel(r)
overcrowded pŸrepŸr
overfill pŸrepŸrlemek
overflow daºmak, joºmak
overflowing pŸrepŸr
overhear di– salmak, di–leØmek
overmuch agdyk
overnight ØatymlaØyn
overstretch gypjyndyrmak
overstuffed Øepbeºik
overtake ozmak
overturn šwrŸliºik, ?šwrŸlmek, agdarmak
overwhelmed gamaºmak
owl baØguº
own elin, sŸØtdeº, eØe bolmak
owner eØe
ownership eØe?ilik, hojalyk
oxygen kislorod(r)
P
pace depgip, Øšriº
pack petde, gamlaºdyrmak
package banderol(r), gap, pedelemek
packed dykyz
packet paket(r)
paddle kŸrek, kŸreklemek
paendeky pŠendeki
page sahypa
pail bedre, uØluk
pain horluk, hupbat, azar bermek, azar, yza
painful yzaly
painfulness Øarawsyzlyk
paint boØag, re–k, boØamak, re–klemek
painting £iwopis(r)
pair taØ
pairless bitaØ
pajamas pijama(r)
palace kšºk
pale akØuzli, mele, solgun, solgun
palm aØa
palm of hand ºapbat
palow (pilaf) tŸw
pan taba
panacea melhem
pancake byzmyk
pane ?ŸØºe
panic dowul
panorama panorama(r)
pant hyssyldamak, daljykmak
pants balak, jalbar
paper kagyz
parallel ugurdaº
parcel posulka(r)
pardon Øalkamak
parents ata-ene, ene-atalar
park park(r)
parlance gep
parrot toty
part bšlek, rol(r), ŸlŸº, bšlmek
partial bšlekleyin
participant gatnaºyjy
participate in gatnaºmak
participle ortak
particular hususan, aØratyn, talapkŠr, ŸØtgeºik
particularly ylaØta
parting hoºloºyk
partisan partisan(r), Øaran
partition tuty
partner hyzmatdaº
partridge kŠkilik
parts ºaØlar
party oturylyºyk, tapgyr, toØ, (political) partiØa(r)
pass putØowka(r), ge?mek, gezmelemek
passage ge?elge, štelge, olum
passenger Øolag?y
passerby šteg?i
passing gidiºini
passion hyjuw, hyru?
passive passiw(r)
passport pasport(r)
past š–
pastry gutap
pastry chef konditer(r)
pasture šri
pat tapbat, tapbatlamak
patch Øama
patent gšz-gšrtele
path Øšrelge, Øol
pathetic gšzgyny, naØynjar
patience ?ydam, kanagat, sabyr, sabyrlylyk, takat, karar
patient sabyrly, syrkaw
patriot watan?y
patron hossar, howandar
patronage howandarlyk
patronize hossarlyk etmek
pattern Ÿl–i, bejergi
pause dyngy, iriºme, togtamak, sagynmak, sem bolmak, sŠginmek
pave dټemek, pollamak
paw penje
pay tšlemek, tšlemek
pay attention Ÿns bermek
payment tšleg, wznos(r), salgyt
peace parahat?ylyk, ynjalyk, asudalyk, imisalalyk, o–ºuk, parahat, parahatlyk, rahat, Øaraºyk, dyn?, rahatlyk, tapa
peaceful asuda, imi-sala, o–ºukly, rahat, tesilli, rahat
peach ºetdaly
peacock tawus
peal ºa––yrdy, ºy––yrdy, ta––yrdamak
pear armyt
pearl dŸr, gšwher
peas nohut
peasant daØhan
peck ?okalamak, ?okmak
peculiar hususan, šzboluºly, ŸØtgeºik
pedal pedal(r)
pedalogical terbiØe?ilik, terbiØeleØjilik
peel pa?ak, sypyrmak, arassalamak, artmak
peep (squeak) jŸØgŸldy, yºyklamak, jŸØgŸldemek
peep over kšw salmak
peep at jyklamak
peer (person) egindeº, de–duº, Øaºdaº
peg gazyk, weºalka(r)
pelican gotan
pelvis ?anaklyk
pen agyl, ru?ka(r)
pen-knife ?akgy
penalty jerime, jeza
penance toba
pencil galam
pencil-case galamdan
penetrate bšwŸsmek
penetrating ?irkin, Øiti
peninsula Øarymada
pennant wympel(r)
pension pansion(r), pensiØa(r)
people halk, il, il, il-gŸn, il-halk, ileºler, halk
people's halk
pepper bur?
peppery ajy
percent protsent(r)
perceptive duØgur
perdition nŠlet
perfect kŠmil, kŠmileºen, kŠmilleºdirmek
perfection kŠmillik
perfidy ŠhtiØalanlyk
perform ?ykyº etmek
peril heder
period smena(r), dšwŸr, (punctuation) nokat
period of time mšhlet
periodic dšwŸrleØin
perish helŠk bolmak
permanent hemiºelik
permission rugsat, sprawka(r), ygtyØar
permit putØowka(r)
perogative hak, hukuk
perpendicular dik
perplexed Øygrykmak
perseverance erjellik
persevering tutanØerli
persistence erjellik, tutanØerlik
persistent erjel, tutanØerli
person adam, kiºi
person at the top otli?nik(r)
personage persona£h(r)
personal personal(r), ºahsy, Øekebara
personal nature tabigat
personality ºahs, ºahsyØet
perspective perspektiv(r)
persuade gšwnetmek
persuasive degerli
pester ?ekelemek, sŸØkenmek
pestle soky
pet sypalamak
petition towakga
petroleum nebit
petty Øalpak, ownuk?yl, ØŸzleØ
phenomenon hadysa
phesant sŸlgŸn
philanthropy adamkŠr?ilik
philharmonic filarmoniØa(r)
philologic filologik(r)
philology filologiØa(r)
philosophic filosofik(r)
philosophy filosofiØa(r)
phlegm gakylyk
phlegmy gakylyk
phone telefon(r)
phonetic fonetik(r)
phonetics fonetika(r)
phony jšgi
photograph fotografiØa(r), forografilemek(r), surat
phraseologic fraseologik(r)
phraseology fraseologiØa(r)
physical training beden terbiØe
physics fizika(r)
pianist pianist(r)
piano pianino(r)
pick ?okmak, syn?gamak, Øygmak
pick up ?šplemek, ?šplemek, gštermek
picture surat, surat
picturesque gšrkana
pie gutap
piece dšwŸm, tike
piece of candy kemput
pieces bšlek-bšlek
pier pristan(r)
piercing ?apgyn, ?irkin
pig do–uz
pigeon kepderi
piglet jojuk
pile dšs, topbak
pilgrim (to Mecca) ymam
pill tabletka(r)
pillar kolonna(r), sŸtŸn
pillow Øassyk
pilmeni bšrek
pilot pilot(r)
pimple dŸwŸrtik
pin temenge
pinch ?ŸmmŸk, ?irtmek, ?ŸmmŸklemek
pinch (in cooking) garnuw, garyndy
pink mawy, al, gyrmyzy
pins and needles jŸmºŸldi
pioneer pionir(r)
pioneer days pionirlyk(r)
pipe truba(r), trubka(r)
pistachio pisse
pistol pistolet(r)
pit ?ukur, ?ukurlyk, dŠne, ºahta(r)
pitch e––it, ºepbik, Øapbaºak
pitch a tent ?asyrmak
pitcher kŸØze, gol?a, (iron) tŸ–?e
pitchfork ?arºak
pitching yrga
pitiable gšzgyny
pitiful naØynjar
pitted gotur
pity rehim, puºman etmek, puºman, gaØgyrmak, škŸnmek
placard plakat(r)
place orun, Øer, punkt(r), tarap, Ÿndemek, Øerleºdirmek, salmak
place of respect dul
place where people live mekan
plain takyr, ØšnekeØ
plain to see gšrnetin
plains dŸz, dŸzlŸk
plaintive nalyºly, naØynjar, zaryn
plait sa? šrŸmi, ?yrmaºmak
plan plan(r), proØekt(r), ?enlemek, planaºdyrmak(r)
plane rende, rendelemek
plane off Øonmak
plane tree ?ynar
planer tšrpi
planet planeta(r)
plank Øokundy, tagta
planned planly(r)
planning planlyk(r)
plant ekmek, oturtmak
plaster gips(r), suwamak
plasticine plastilin(r)
plate tarØelka(r)
platform perron(r), platforma(r), estrada(r), tribuna(r)
platoon wzwod(r)
play oØnamak
player oØun?y
plead šzelenmek
pleasant hoºamaØ, Øyly, mazaly, mŠhirli, mylaØym, Øakymly, ºirin
pleasantness hoºamaØlyk, mylaØymlyk
please Øaranmak
pleased with kaØyl
pleasing hezil
pleasing taste lezzetli
pleasure gšnen?ilik, hezel, hšzir, lezzet, maza, hezillik, keØp, sapa
pleat epin
pledge Šht
plenty gana
pliable ?eØe
pliers atagzy
plot dildŸwºŸk
plotting betniet, betpŠl
ploughshare paza
plow plug(r), sškmek
pluck Ÿzmek, ŸzŸlmek, Øolmak
pluck out Øolmalamak
plug ºtepsel(r)
plum garaly
plum tree garaly
plumber slesar(r)
plump lopbush, semiz, pškgi
plumpen parkyldamak
plunder talamak
plunge topulmak, ?Ÿmmek
plus plØus(r)
plush mahmal
plywood faner(r)
pocket jŸbi, kise
pocket money spwa
pockmarked gotur
pod kšsŸk
poem gosgy, poema(r), ºygyr
poet ºahyr
poetess ºahra
poetic poeztik(r), gosgy
poetic works ºahyrlyk
poignant Øiti
point utuk, punkt(r)
point (in a game) o?ko(r)
point of view jŠhet, nukdaØnazar
pointed zšmmek
pointer dil
pointer finger sŸem barmak
pointless manysyz
poison awy
poisonous zŠherli
poke syn?gamak, dŸrtmek, ?ommaltmak
poker (for a fire) kesewi
polar polØar(r)
Pole polØak(r)
pole polØus(r), syryk
policeman milisioner(r)
policy syØasat, syØasat
polish taraºlamak, tšrpŸlemek
polishing taraº
polite edepli
politeness edeplilik, sypaØ?ylyk, edep
political syØasy
politician syØasat?y
politics syØasat, syØasat
pollen tozga
pollute zaØalamak
polyclinic poliklinika(r)
polytechnic politeknika(r)
pomegranite nar
pond howda, howda, howuz
ponder di–ir genmek
ponderous saldamly
pool basseØn(r), ?alpaw, howuz
poor gedaØ, garyp, myrtar
poor person gedaØ
poppy lŠle, lŠbik
popular ge?ginli, populØar(r), ØšrgŸnli
population ilat
populous ilatly
porcelin farfor(r)
porch seki, dalan, podØezd(r)
porcupine oklukirpi
portend duØdurmak
porter nosilººik(r)
portion paØ(r), porºen(r), portsiØa(r), gatan?, dšwŸm
portrait portret(r)
Portugal portugal(r)
position dŸzgŸnnama, esgerlik, komandirlik(r), pozitsiØa(r), wezipe
possessive olluk
possibility mŸmkin?ilik
possible mŸmkin
possibly Šhtimal
post post(r), po?ta
post-meal prayer tšwir (galdyrmak)
postage stamp marka(r)
postcard otkrytka(r)
poster afiºa(r), plakat(r)
posterity nesil
postpone uzaklaºdyrmak
pot gazan?a, gorºok(r), piti
potatoes kartoºka(r)
pothole gazganak
potter's trade (craft) kŸØzegarlik
potty gorºok(r)
poultry guº?ulyk
pound bŸkgŸldemek, bŸkdŸrmek
pour ?ogmak, akytmak, gulmak, guØmak, ºabyrdamak
pour in guØmak
pour out e–termek, tenmek
pour over haplamak
poverty garyplyk, pukaralyk, Øokluk
powder poroºak(r)
power kuwwat, gŸØ?, hŠkimiØet, kuwwatlylyk, ysgyn, zarp
power station elektrostansiØa(r)
powerful Špet, kuwwatly
powers mejal
pox mama
practice praktika(r)
praise magtan?, šwgi, šwgn, taryp, šwmek, magtamak, šwmek, taryplamak
pray doga okamak, šzelenmek, dilemek
prayer dileg, hudaØa ?okunma, namaz
preach wagyz etmek
precept nesihat
precipitate Øagmak
precipitation Øagyn, Øagmyr, ygal
precisely tegelek
precision takyklyk
predator Øyrtyjy
predatory wagºy
predominance agdyklyk
preface sšzbaºy
prefix pristawka(r)
pregnant gšwreli
premier premera(r)
preoccupied aladaly
preparation preparat(r)
preparations taØyarlyk
prepare toplanmak, ?emelenmek, hŠzirlemek, taØyarlamak, taØynalmak
prepare a dish biºirmek
preparedness taØyarlyk
preposition sšzso–y
present hŠzirki, ºindiki
present evidence delillendirmek
presentation ?ykyº
preserve zapowednik(r)
president prezident(r), rektor(r), sowgat
presidium prezidium(r)
press sykmak, gysmak, basmak, preslemek, Øanamak
press conference pres-konferentisiØa(r)
press forward zomamak
press in Øemºertmek
press up against gysmyljyramak
pressed in Øemºermek
pressing mšhletli
pressure basyº, sŸtem
pretty eØjelik, gšzel, gšrkana, telper
previous š–ki
previous situation š–kŸlik
price nyrh, baha
prices gymmatlamak
prick naØzalamak, sanjamak
prick up (one's ears) ټertmek
prickle tiken
prickly tikenli
pride buØsan?, guwan?
primary ilkinjilik, ilkinji
primary beginning baºlangy?
primordial ilkidurmuº
princers gysgy?
principle prentsip(r)
principles kodeks(r)
print ºrift(r)
printed cotton cloth jir
printer ?ap?y
printing plant ?aphana, tipografiØa(r)
priority biri–ilik
prison tŸrme
prisoner tussag, tussag, Øesir
private hususy, hususy
private (soldier) rØadowoØ
private office kabinet(r)
privilege Øe–illik, hak-hukuk
prize baØrak, priz(r)
problem problema(r)
process protses(r)
prod dŸrtmek
produce šndŸrmek, šnmek, etmek
product šnŸm
production šnŸm, šnŸmcilik, šnŸm?ilik
productive guzla––y
productivity šndŸrijilik
products harytlar
profession kesp, kŠr
professional professional(r)
professor professor(r)
profit dŸºewŸnt, nebis, utuº, bŠhbit, haØyr
profitable dŸºewŸntli, gazan?ly
profound ?u––ur
prognosis prognoz(r)
program programa(r)
progress progres(r), Øetiºik
progressive progressiw(r)
prohibited haram, gadagan
project proØekt(r), proØektirlemek
proletarian proletor(r)
proletariat proletariat(r)
prolong sŸØndŸrmek, uzaltmak
promise lebiz, wada, Šht
promptly okgunly
promulgation neºir
prone arkan, ØŸzin
pronoun at calysma, ?alyºma
pronounce aØdylmak
pronunciation aØdylyº, kŠØin?
proof subutnama
prop direg
prop up daØamak, diremek
propagate propagandirlemek(r)
property emlŠk, goº-gola–, mal-mŸlk, goº, hŠsiØet, hŠsiØet
prophecy hadys
prophet pygamber
propitious o–aØly
propoganda propaganda(r)
proportion laØyklyk
prose kyssa, proza(r)
prose writer proza?i(r)
prospect a–-dŸºŸnje
prospecting razwedka(r)
prosper pajalamak
prosperity eØgilik, dok?ulyk, ŸpjŸnlik, eºret, o–luk, meslik
protect hossarlyk etmek, goramak
protection gorag, goraØyº
protector gorag?y
protest garºylyk gšrkezme, protest(r), garºylyk gšrkezmek
protocol protokol(r)
protracted uzyn
protrude ?ommaltmak
protruding gŸber?ek
proud buØsanjan, gedam, sarsmaz
prove subut etmek, subut etmek
proverb nakyl
provide ŸpjŸnetmek
provide help hemaØat etmek
provide hospitality hezzetlemek
provided for ŸpjŸn
province oblast
provocation prowokatsiØa(r)
prying bilesigeliji
pubis gasyk
public ?ekimli, kommunal(r)
public prosecutor garalaw?y, prokuror(r)
public-mindedness jemgyØet?ilik
publication ?ap etme
publish ?ap etmek, neºir etmek
publisher neºir ediji, neºirØat?y
publishing house neºirØat
puddle ?alpaw
puff burugsamak, hyssyldamak
puke gusmak
pull ?Ÿwek, tartmak, ?ekmek
pull at ?ykarmak
pull out Ÿtmek, goparmak, sogurmak, sŸØremek
pull together bŸzmek
pulpit kafedra
pumpkin kŠdi
pun Øomak
punctual rejeli
punctuation punktuatsiØa
puncture deºmek
punish jeza bermek, jezalandyrmak, temmi bermek
punishment temmi, ?Šre, jeza
puny gšØduk
pupil okuw?y, (of the eye) gšre?
puppy gŸjŸk
purchaser alajy
pure dury, pŠk, tŠmiz, halal
puree pØure(r)
purified saplanmak
purify saplamak, tŠmizlemek, tŠmislik
purple ?ernil(r)
purpose maksat, hyØal, pygyl
purr ºirrildemek
pursuit kowgy
pus ?ylpyk, iri–
pus-like iri–li
push iteklemek, itelemek, itermek, itmek, zomamak
push and shove itniºmek
push button knopka(r)
push over agdarmak
pushy person itigi
put atmak, salmak, garsamak, goØmak, Ÿndemek, Øoklamak
put away gizlemek, gizlenmek
put forward goØmak
put in dykylmak
put in lines setilemk
put in order saØhallaºdyrmak
put inside ?ŸmdŸrmek
put it shortly garaz
put off uzaklaºdyrmak
put on dakmak
put on airs gomparmak, ulumsyramak
put on weight semretmek
put out š?Ÿrmek
put right ugrukdyrmak
put through a hole štŸrmek
put up germek
putrid ?ŸØrŸk
puzzle matal
Q
qualification kwalifikasiØa(r)
quality hil
quantity mukdar, ululyk
quarrel ?ekeleºmek, tersleºik, jetleºmek, senemere ediºmek, sšgŸºmek, tersleºmek
quarrel with kŠØi?mek
quarrelsome igenje–, igenje–lik
quarter ?ŠrØek, kwartal(r)
quay pristan(r)
queen (in chess) prezi
quest agtaryº
question sorag, sorag, sowal, soramak, ºek, sorag bermek
queue nobat, nobat tutmak
quick ?alasyn, ØŸwrŸk
quick wittedness ŸºŸk
quickly ?alt, hasyr-husur, hyrra, ºagga, ºapba, ºark-ºurk, tiz
quickness ?alasynlyk, ?altlyk
quiet domma, Øuwaº, imi-sala, rahat, arkaØynlamak
quietly keremara
quilt Øorgan, syramak
quince beØi
quiver endiremek, sarsmak
quiz barlag iº, wiktorina(r)
quotation sitada(r)
quote sitirlemek
R
rabbit towºan
rabid guduz
race Øaryºmak, ?apyºyk, jyn, Øaryº, urug, tohum, my?mak
race track aØlaw
racism jynsparazlyk
racist jynsparaz
rack weºalka(r)
racket galmagal, gowga, zenzele
radiance parlak
radiant ršwºen
radiate parlamak
radio radio(r)
radio center radiouzel(r)
radio operator radist(r)
radio station radiostantsiØa(r)
radio-announcer diktor(r)
radish rediska(r), turp
radius radius(r)
raft sal
rag esgi, ?ogdan
rage gahar, gahar-gazap, Ÿz–elik, mšwkemek, ºarlamak, mšw? almak
rags gyØkundy, ºylha
raid hŸjŸm
railing tutawa?
railroad pliers Štiºgir
rails rels(r)
rain Øagmyr, Øagyº, ygal
rainbow Šlemgoºar
raincoat plaº(r)
rainy Øagynly, Øagyºly, ygally
raise galdyrnak, galmak, gatalkmak, Øokarlanmak
raise a price gymmatlamak
raise above gštergimek
raise oneself dikelmek, gobsynmak
raising kštel
raising deer sugun?ylyk
raisins kiºmiº
rake dyrmak, dyrmyk
rally miting(r)
ram go?
ram-like (a compliment) go?
rampart se––er
range plita(r)
rant and rave basyrganmak
rap tarsuldamak, tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, tarsuldy, tykyrdatmak, tyrkyldamak, tyrkyldatmak, tykyrdamak
rapidity ?altlyk
rapidly okgunly, ?alt
rapids gatakar
raport raport(r)
rare gyt, seØrek
rarely iki-Øeke, Øek-tŸk
rascal haramzada, aldaw?y
rash iteºen, šrgŸn
rat alaka
ratify tassyklamak
rational islege laØyk
rationalist ratsionalizator
rationality ratsiona?ylyk(r)
rattle ºarkyldy, tyrkyldy, ta––yrdamak, tarkyldamak, tarkyldatmak, tykyrdatmak, hy££yldamak, ºarkyldamak
rattling tarkyldy
raven garga, zag
ravine jar
raw ?ygly
raw materials ?igmal
ray nur, ºšhle
razor pŠki
reach gowuºmak
react Šwmek
reaction reaksiØa(r)
reactionary reaksion(r)
reactive reaktiw(r)
read okamak
reading and writing hat-sowat
ready taØØar, taØØyn, taØyarlyly, hŠzir
real real(r), tŸØs
realism realizm(r)
realistic realistik(r)
reality hakykan, hakykat
realize paºmak
really hakykatdan, dogrudan
really? hiØ? heØ?
reap ormak
rear tyl, yz
rear part Øe–?e
reason pŠhim, sypalga, sebŠp, spwa, oØlanmak
reasonable pŠhimli, sebŠpli
reassure haØ-kŸº etmek, hšre-kšºe etmek
rebel gozgala–?y, pitnesi
rebellion topala–, pitne
rebuff gaØtawul
receipt kwitansiØa(r)
receive u?ramak
receiver trubka(r)
receiving room myhmanhana
receiving set radionpryomnik(r)
recently arada, Øa–y Øakynda
recess arakesme
recipe retsept(r)
recital konsert(r)
recline sŸØnmek
recognize ykrar etmek, tanamak
recollection ØadygŠr
recommendation rekomendasiØa(r)
recompense tšlemek
reconcile ylalaºdyrmak, razylaºmak, Øaraºdyrmak
reconciliation Øaraºyk
reconnaissance party razwedka(r)
record rekord(r), Øazgy
recover gutulmak, sagalmak
recruit pyntyklamak
rectify dŸzetmek
rector rektor(r)
rectorship rektorlyk(r)
red ?ypar, gyrmyzy, gyzyl
red poppy gŸlŠlek
redden gyzarmak
reddest gyp-gyzyl
reduce haØallatmak, sel?enlemek, seØreklemek, Øuwaºatmak, egismek, kemeltmek, kemmek, ki?eltmek, peseltmek, Øuwaºamak
reduction peseltme
reed ?i–rik, gamyº, gargy
refer to salgylanmak
refine kŠmilleºdirmek, Øukalmak
reflect aØlamak
reflective aØnadan
reflexive duØdansyz
reform reforma(r)
refresh yºyklandyrmak, janlandyrmak
refrigerator holodilnik(r)
refugee ga?gak
regard Šsgermek
regime rezhim(r)
regiment polk(r)
region olrug, raØon(r), Ÿlke, u?astok(r)
register registrirlemek(r)
registration registrasiØa(r), Øazgy
registry registratura(r)
regret ahmyr, gynan?, škŸn?, puºman, ahmyr etmek, gynanmak, puºman etmek, škŸnmek
regular regulØar(r), kadaly
regulate regulirlemek(r)
rehearsal repetisiØa(r)
reign hškŸm sŸrmeklik, hškŸm sŸrmek
rein in ideklemek, jylawlamak
reinforce mŠkŠmlemek
reinforced berkitme
reinforcement berkitme
reins jylaw
reject ret etmek
rejoice mon?a bolmak
relate beØan etmek
relation gatnaºyk, howandar
relationship howandarlyk, hossarlyk
relative dogan-garyndaº, garyndaº, howandar, otnositel, ºertli
relatives kowum-garandaº, nebere
relaxation dyn?
relaxed hatyrjem
relay race estafeta(r)
release sypmak, akdyrmak, sabamak
relevant dahylly
reliable Šhtibar, ynamly
religion din
religious dindar, dini
rely baØrynmak
remainder galyndy
remaining galyndy
remedy seriºde, seriºde
remember Øatlamak
rememberance hakyda
remind Øatalatmak
remote daºlykdaky
remoteness ?u–luk
removal kšwek
remove ?ykarmak, daºlaºdyrmak
render Šbermek
renew tŠzelemek, tŠzelenmek
renovate tŠzelemek
rent kŠrende tšlegi
rental kŠrende, kireØ
repair bejermek, Øamamak, dŸz etmek
repair(s) remont(r)
repay a debt šzmek
repeal goØbolsun etmek
repeat gaØtalmak
repeat several times gaØtalaºdyrmak
repetition Øola
replace tŠzelenmek, tŠzelemek
replica replika(r)
report doklad(r), maglumat, hasabat
report upon bildirmek
repose rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk
representative wekil
reproach gyjalat, teØene, kŠØin?
reproof kŠØin?
reptiles sŸØrenjiler
republic respublika(r)
republican respublikan(r)
repugnant Øigrenji
repulse gaØtawul
reputation abraØ, at-abraØ
request haØyº, towakga, haØyº etmek
requirement talap
research gšzleg
resemblance me–zeº
resemblance me–ze?lik
resemble ?alym etmek, me–zemek
reserve zapowednik(r)
reserve(s) rezerw(r)
reserved garasšØmez, domma
resin ºepbik
resolute tšwekgel, ŸzŸl-kesil, kesgin
resolution rezolØusiØa(r), ?šzgŸt, ustaw(r)
resort kurort, sanatoriØa(r)
resource resurs(r)
respect hatyra, hezzet-hormat, hormat, sylag, yzzat, hormatlamak, sarpa goØmak, sylamak
respect sarpa
respectable epeØ
respond seslenmek
respond to Šwmek
responsibility garamat, jogapkŠr?ilik
responsible jogapkar, jogapkŠrli
rest dyn?, rahatlyk, tapa, ynjalyk
restaurant restoran(r)
restrain one's self saklanmak
result netije, timarlamak
result in rejelemek
resurrection diriliº
retell beØan etmek
retract dŠnmek
retreat ga?mak, ?ekilmek, sepikmek
retribution jeza
return gaØdyºyn, šwrŸlmek, gaØtarmak
reveal oneself paramak
revel keØp ?ekmek
revenge ar, kast
revenue gipdeji
reverence yzzat
review syn etmek, syn, tankyt, gaØtalaºdyrmak
revival galkynys
revive janlanmak
revolution rewolØusiØa(r), šwrŸliºik
revolutionary rewolØusion(r)
revolve hozanaklamak
reward baØrak
rheumatism bilagyry, guragyryly
rhombus rom(r)
rhyme kapyØa, rifma(r), kapyØalaºdyrmak, kapyØalaºmak
rib gapyrga
ribbon lenta
rice tŸw, bŸrŸn?
rice porridge ºŸle
rich baØ
rich in content manyly
rich in possessions barly
rich with bol
richness dšwlet
ricochet ?awmak
riddle matal, tapma?a
ride togalamak
ridge ulgam
ridiculous gŸlkŸn?, bolgusyz
riding academy maner
riding school maner
rifle tŸpe–
right hak, hak-hukuk, hukuk, hukuk, mamla, hak
right after yzy bilen
right now derrew
right up to tŠ
righteous halal
rigid do–an
rim er–ek
rime ?igrek
rind pa?ak
ring ØŸzŸk, halka, jy––yrdamak, ºy––yrdy, zar–yldamak, ja––yrdamak, ºa–lamak, ºa––yrdamak, ºy––yrdamak
ring finger ogulhajat
ringing jy––yrdy, ºatlama
rink taØgan?ak
rinse ?aØkamak
rinse out ?aØkamak
rip out a seam sškŸlmek, sškmek
ripe tagt
ripped Øyrtyk
rise gšgermek, (of the sun) dogmak
risk tšwekgel?ilik, tšwekgellik, heder
rival bŠsdeº
rivalry bŠsleºik
river derØa
rivet ber?in
road Øol
roam tentemek, seØil, seØran etmek, entemek, entreklemek
roar gŸbŸrdemek, gŸmmŸrdemek, gŸrrŸldemek, mš––Ÿrmek
roar with laughter hahahaØlamak
roast ?irkizmek
rob talamak
robe don
rock yralamak, yramak, yranmak, yra– atmak, u?urmak, Ÿwremek
rocket raketa(r)
rocky daºly
rod ?ybyk
rodents gemrijiler
role rol(r)
roll tirlemek, tirlendirmek, towlanmak, tigirlemek, togalamak
roll of film pleØonka(r)
roll up ?ugutmak, dŸØrlemek, pyrlamak
roller rolik(r)
rolling yrga
rolling pin oklaw
Romanian rumyn(r)
room otag
root kšk, dŸØp
rope tanap
rose bŠgŸl, gŸl
rostrum kafedra
rot ?ŸØremek
rotate towlamak
rotation aØlanma, tow
rotten ?ŸØrŸk, palak, yslanan
rotteness zaØa?ylyk, ?ŸØrŸklik
rough copy garalama
roughness harsallyk
round tegelek, šwre, tapgyr, raund(r)
round off Øumralmak
round trip gidiºin-gaØdyºyn
rouse tutaºdyrmak
route gatnawy, trassa(r)
row hatar, setir, September, zweno(r), kŸreklemek
rows setilemk
rub ?almak, oØkamak, sŸrtenmek, sŸØkemek, sŸØkenmek
rub in sŸrtmek, ?yrºamak
rub oneself oØkanmak
rubber kau?uk, rezin(r)
rubbing alcohol spirit
rubbish makulatura
rucksack rØukzak(r)
rudder sŸØpent
rude gšdek
rugby regbi(r)
rugby player regbi?i(r)
ruin zaØalamak, bozmak
ruined weØran?ylykly
ruins haraba
rule dŸzgŸn, kada, hŠkimiØet
ruler han, (measuring) ?yzgy?
rumble ºakgyrdy, gŸrpŸrdi, jugurdamak, ºakgyrdamak, ºakgyrdatmak, takyrdamak, takyrdatmak, tykyrdamak
rumours myº-myº
rumour owaza
rumoured hyºy-wuºy
run ylgaw, ge?irmek, ?ŸwdŸrmek, ylgamak, ylgamak
run away zut ga?yp gitmek
run insomething sŸsdŸrilmek
run into ?akyºmak
running ylgaw
rush gargy, topulmak, ?ozmak, dazlamak, e–mek, howlykmak, haØdamak
rush out zogdyrylmak
Russia orsØet
Russian ors, rus
Russian language ors?a, rus?a
rust pos, iglemek
rustle ºagyrdy, ºitirdi, ºybyrdy, ºygyrdy, ºykyrdy, ygºyldy, ºaggyldamak, ºaggyldy, ºyglamak, ºyrkyldy, ?agsyldamak, ºagyrdamak, ºybyrdamak, ºygyrdamak, ºykyrdamak, ygºyldamak, ?ybºyrlamak, ?ygºyldamak, ?ybºyldy, ?ygºyldy
rusty posly
ruthless rehimsiz
rye ?owdary
S
saber gyly?
sabotage diversiØa(r), Øykgyn?ylyk
sack halta, ganar
sacred mukaddes
sacrifice gurban, pida
sad gamgyn, gamly, gaØgyly, tukat, zaryn
saddle eØer, eØerlemek, i?irgilemek
saddle straps ganjyga
sadness gaØgy, tukatlyk
safe arkaØyn
safely sag aman, aman
safety pin i––ebagjyk, sanjak, temenge
sag gaغarmak
sag-gurgun gezip Øšremek=be in a good mood sag-gurgun
sail Øelken
sailing Øelkenli
sailor de–iz?i, matros(r)
salad salat(r)
salary aØlyk
saleable ØšrgŸnli
salient ilgin?
saline ºor
saliva tŸØkŸlik
salivate tŸØkŸliklemek
sallow saryØagyz
salt duz, duzlamak
salt solution ºerebe
salt water ºorsuw
saltiness ºorluk
salty duzly, ºerebe, ºor
salute salØut(r)
samovar semawar(r)
sample nusga
sanatorium sanatoriØa(r)
sand ?Šge, gum
sandbank saØ
sander tšrpi
sandwich buterbrod(r)
sandy gumak
sapling nahal
sash bilguºak
satiate ber?ikmek
satin setin(r), atlaz
satisfaction dokluk, hoºallyk, kanagatlanarlyk, kanagat, razØlyk
satisfactory hoºal, kanagatlanlarlykly
satisfied dok, razy
satisfy gandyrmak, kanagatlandyrmak
Saturday ºembe
saunter aØlanjyramak
sausage kolbasa(r)
sausage link sosiska(r)
save tygºytlamak
saving tygºyt
savings zapas(r)
saw by?gy, py?gy, bognamak, by?gylmak
say Øamanlamak, diØmek1, gŸrlemek
say good-bye hoºlaºmak
say hi salamlaºmak
say something dillenmek
say unpleasant words Øokuº sšz aØtmak
scabbard gyn
scald haplamak
scale tor, (for weighing) gapan, (of a map) mas?tab
scales terezi
scandal haØØarlyk, nadaralyk, ºer, goh, jenjel
scandalmonger gybatkeº
scandalous haØØar, nadara
scar ?apyk
scarcely ?ala
scarcity kem?ilik, kemlik, kšst
scare ŸrkŸzmek, gorkuzmak
scarecrow garantja, gŠp
scarf ºarf(r), Øaglyk
scarlet fever hšrezek, tŠjihoraz
scatter dagatmat
scattered ?alam-?aº
scenery ØagdaØ
scent atyr
schedule raspisaniØe(r), tablisa
scheme shema(r)
school mekdep, u?iliººe(r)
science ylym
science (degree) alymlyk
scientific ylmy
scientist alym
scissors gaØcy
scold kŠØemek, sšgmek
scoop susmak
scorch ?owlamak
score san
scorpion i?Øan
scout razwedka?y(r)
scrambled eggs heØgenek
scrap letde, par?a, par?alamak
scraps gyØkundy
scratch dyrna?ak, sypjyryk, ykyrdy, dyrna?aklamak, gaºamak, sypjyrmak, soØmak
scrawny ?epiksi, hor
scream gykylyk, nŠrazy?ylyk, haØkyrmak, he–kirmek, (from fear) wŠgirmek
screen ekran(r)
screw nurbat
screw in bintlemek
scrupulousness ?Ÿmhšreklik
scuffle uruº, penjelemek
sculptor skulptor(r)
sculpture skulptora(r)
sea de–iz
sea gull ?arlak
seal ?ap, metbugat, pe?at(r), pe?atlamak, plomwalamak(r), Øelimlemek
seal off beklemek
seal tightly jebisleºmek
seal with glue Øelmemek
sealed tightly jebis
seam September, tikin
seaman matros(r)
seamstress tikin?i
search agtaryº, ideg-sorag, agtarmak, dšrmek, gšzlemek
search for gšzlemek, idemek
searchlight projhektor(r)
season mšwsŸm, pasyl, halat
seasons aØlar
seat (of war) ojak
secluded ?ola
second ikinji, sekunt(r)
second place ikinjilik
second time ikilen?
second-hand saklanan
secondary ikinji derejeli
secret assyryn, gizligin, gizlin, ogryn, syr, tilsim, Øaºyryn
secret service officer razwedka?y(r)
secretiveness assyrynlyk
section bšlŸm, seksiØa(r), Øartma?, zweno(r), (of a city) kwartal(r)
secular dŸnØewi
security howpsuzlyk, howpsuzlyk, ŸpjŸn?ilik
security deposit girew
sediment ?škŸndi, lšdere
sedition bozgaklyk
see gšrmek
see off ugratmak
seed dŠne, tohum
seeded tohumlyk
seeder seØalka
seeding tohum?ylyk
seedling nahal
seeds ?itgitlemek
seek advice maslahatla?mak
seem gšrŸnmek
seem strange ge–lemek
seems Øaly-la
seeth lakyrdamak
seethe ºarlamak, pykyrdamak
segment dilim
seizure kakyn
seldom seØrek, seØrek
selected saØlama
self elin, šz
self-centered šz kelle
self-couscious mŸØnŸrgemek
self-doubting mŸ–kŸr
self-interest nebisje–lik, nebsewŸrlik
self-rule šzbaºdaklyk
self-worth namys
sell satmak, satynalmak
sell wholesale lomaylygyna satmak
seller satyjy
seminal tohumlyk
seminar seminar(r)
send ibermek, Øollamak
senior ekabyr, eØmen?
sensational ºowhunly
sense duØgy, tikeneklemek
senseless manysyz
sensitive eserde–, šØkelek
sensual duØgur
sentence sšzlem, hškŸm
sentimentalize over suwjarmak
sentner (100 kg.) sentner(r)
separate izolirlemek
separated dyr-pytrak bolmak
separation aØralyk
September sentØabr
sequin jŠjek
Serb serb(r)
Serbian serb(r)
seretary sekretar(r)
sergeant serzhant(r)
series sereØa
serious goØazy, salyhatly, ymykly
serious ideas oØ-pikir
seriously ?ynlakaØ
sermon wagyz-nesihat
servant gulluk?y, hyzmatkŠr, hyzmatkŠr
serve Šbermek, hyzmat etmek
service gulluk, hyzmat, hyzmat
sesame kŸnji
session sessiØa(r)
set dšw, Ÿndemek, gurmak
set down dŸºŸrmek
set in order dŸzgŸnleºdirmek
set off ugramak
set off for ugratmak
set straight dŸzetmek, dikeltmek, ugrukdyrmak
set up germek, ?asyrmak
settle accounts haklaºmak, hasaplaºmak, ŸzŸlmek
settle down ornaºmak
settlement posØolok(r), wadalaºyk
seven Øedi
seventh Øedinji
seventy Øetmiº
several telim
sew ?atmak, gaØmalamak, tikmek, tikmek
sew a blanket syramak
sew into Øabºyrmak
sewage system kanalizasiØa(r)
sewing tikin?ilik
sex pol(r)
shack kŸme
shade kšlege
shady kšlegli
shady side guzaØ
shaft guØy
shah ºa
shake endiremek, sandyramak, tibirdemek, titrewuk, mŸ–kŸldemek, u?urmak, silkmek, zagyrdamak, sarsdyrmak, titremek
shake hands elleºmek, Øe–lenmek
shake up tisginmek
shaking sandyrawuk, sarsgyn
shallow Øalpak
shallower uºatmak
shame biabraØlyk, ejap, masgar?ylyk, utan?, uØat, ØŸzŸgaralyk, namys, utandyrmak
shameful biabraØ, masgara, wejera
shameless binamys, haØasyz, utan?syz
shape resmileºdirmek
shard jŠjek, gyØ?ak
share gatan?, Ÿlemek
shareholder paØ?y
sharp ?apgyn, kesgir, štgŸr, Øiti, syn?y
sharpen gaØramak, taplamak, Øiteltmek, Øamamak
sharpness ŸºŸk
shatter kŸl-peekun etmek, mynjyramak, mynjyratmak, se?mek, sepelemek, sepmek
shave Øonmak, syrmak
shaving Øonuºga
shavings gyryndy
shawl gy–a?
she ol
shed telŠr
shed hair soØulmak
sheep goØun
sheep dung gyØk
sheep hold agyl
sheep skin bagana
shelf polk(r), tekje, kapasa
shell gabyk
shelter buky, penalamak
shepherd ?opan
shepherd boy ?oluk
shepherdhood ?opan?ilik
sherbert ºerbert(r)
shift smena(r), (work) ?alºyrgy?
shiftless kelesa–
shifty eyed Øeser gšzler
shin injik
shine lowurdy, šwŸºgin, Øalpyldy, lowurdamak, ºšhlelendirmek, ŸlpŸldemek, Øgjarmak
shingles demrew
shining Øalpyldawuk
shiny Øalpylda duran
ship gŠmi, korabl(r)
shirk progul etmek
shirt kšØnek
shish-kebob ?iºlik, kebap
shiver mŸ–kŸldemek, sa––yldamak, titremek, tibirdemek
shoal saØ
shock urgy
shoe aØakgap
shoe lace u?gur
shoelace bag
shoemaker Šdik?i, kšwŸººi
shoes kšwŸº
shoot tŸpe–lemek, atmak
shoot down atyºmak
shooter atyjy
shop dŸkan, magazin(r), seh(r)
shop window witrina(r)
short gysga, jontuk, kelte, pes
short poem kyssa
short-sighted ºowa kšr
short-sightedness ºowalyk
shortage kem?ilik, kemlik, kšst
shorten gysgaltmak, kelteltmek, ki?eltmek, ki?elmek
shot up pers-ala
shoulder ?igin, egin, omuz
shoulder blade pil?e
shoulder strap pogon(r)
shoulder(s) gerden
shout haØkyrmak, he–kirmek, haØkylyk, gyk-bak etmek, zowlatmak
shout back and forth gygyryºmak
shove sarsdyrmak
shovel pil, susgu?, idirdetmek
shoving sarsgyn
show sergi, tomaºa, gšrkezmek, hezzetlemek
show off kel?ermek
shpere sfera(r)
shred ?ogdan
shrewd syn?y
shrewdness sap
shriek ?u–samak
shrill ?irkin
shrink ?ŸrŸºmek, daralmak, Øygrylmak
shrivel ?ŸrŸºmek
shudder tisginmek, sandyramak, diglemek, dyglamak, lerzana gelmek, sarsmak
shuffle garmak, pŸrkmek
shun Øadyrgamak
shut up dymmak
shutter gabsa
shy gorkak, utanja–, Øygra
shyness utanja–lyk, Øygralyk
sic (a dog) kŸºgŸrmek, me?ew bermek
sick ?akyza, hassa, keselli, kesel, nŠsag
sickle orak
sickler orak?y
sickly gšØduk
sickness ?yr?yk, emgek, hassalyk, Øarawsyzlyk
side bšwŸr, bykyn, gapdal, ØŸz
sided taraplaØyn
sidewalk trotuar(r)
siege gabaw
sieve elek
sift elemek
siftings kepek
sight tirkeg, tomaºa
sign alamat, belgi, bellik, reje, zna?ok(r), nyºan, nyºan, gol ?ekmek
signal signal(r)
signature gol
significance ŠhmiØet
significant bajyp, ŠhmiØetli
signifier alamat
signify a–latmak, alamatlandyrmak, belgilemek, diØmek2
silence dymºyk, geplemezlik
silent sessiz
silently keremara
silk ØŸpek
silk production ØŸpek?ilik
silly tentek, batnyksyz
silt gyrman?a
silver kŸmŸº, kŸmŸºlemek
silver jug for water kŸnnŸk
silver plate kŸmŸºlemek
similar me–ze?, me–zeº
similar to ºekilli
similarity me–ze?lik
simple sada, tŸrkana, ØšnekeØ, Øe–il
simple greeting salam
simpleton tentek
simplicity sadalyk
simplify Øe–illeºdirmek
simply so keØpine
sin Øazyk, gŸnŠ
since bŠri
since days of yore kšneden
since then aradan
sincere dogru?yl, sada
sincerely ?yn ØŸrekden
sincerity ?ynØŸrekdeºlik, dogru?yllyk
sing saØramak
sing the LŠle Jana lŠle kakmak
singe ?owlamak
singer aØdym?i, bagºy
singular aØra
sink batmak, ?škmek
sinus sinus(r)
sip gerinmek
sister uØa
sister-in-law gelin
sit oturmak
sit on the knees ?ške dŸºmek
site meØdan?a
situation ?en, ØagdaØ, hal-ahwal, waka
six alty
sixty altmyº
sizable gšwrŸmli
size format(r), šl?eg, šl?eg, ululyk, gabara
sizzle jyzyrdamak, jyzlamak
sizzling jyzzyk
skating rink katok(r)
skein kelep, Øumak
sketch eskiz(r), taslama, o?erk, ºekel
ski lyzha(r)
skier lyzha?y(r)
skiing lyzha(r)
skilled ?eper, škde, tŸrgen
skilled person senet?i
skillful tŸrgen, ?eper, škde
skimmer kengir
skin deri, teletin, soØmak, soØmak
skin-and-bones ?epiksi
skinny arryk, igli
skip ?apmak
skip a beat jiglemek
skirt Øubka(r), etek
skull cap bšrŸk
sky asman, gšk
skylark (bird) togaØ
slab plita(r)
slacken haØallamak
slake gandyrmak
slander ºyltak, tšhmet, Øš–kemek, ºugullamak, ºyltak etmek, tšhmet atmak, Øamanlamak
slanderer tšhmet?i
slanderous tšhmet?ilikli
slant gyºarmak
slanting ?asy, gyØa
slap in the face ºapbat
slaughter gyrgyn?ylyk, šlºŸk, gyrkmak
slaughterer gyrkym?y
Slavic slawØan(r)
sled sani(r)
sledgehammer Øekedaban
sleep uky, Øatmak, uklamak
sleepless bimaza
sleepyhead uku?yl
sleeve Øe–
slender syratly, Øuka
slice dilim, dilik, dilmek, syhalamak
slide taØmak, typmak
slide down tyrpma
sliding box ?eker
slight sŠhel?e
slightly sŠhel
slim syratly
slime batga
slip taØmak, typmak
slip off tyrpma
slippery taØga, taØgan?ak, sŸr?ek
slit yº, dilik etmek
slogan ºygar
slope e––it, Øapbaºak, Øapgyt, e–aºak
sloppy sowuk-sala, gŸmŸrtik, sšlpi
slops Øuwundy
slouch telkermek
slovenly hapysa
slow haØal, Øuwaº
slow down haØallatmak, tesmek
slowly haØal, Øuwaº
slowness Šwmezlik, haØallyk
sluggish ?aman
slush lŸØk, laØ
sly mekir
small ki?i, ?Ÿlpe, kŸlke, maØda, uºak, ØŸzleØ, iri, irlemek, ownuk, Øalpak
small boned ejiz
small book kitap?a
small circle kru£ok(r)
small drop damdyk
small hammer ?apgy
small movement gymyldy
small pox mama
small sheep tokly
small shovel kebze
small stack petde
smart akylly
smash kŸl-peekun etmek, mynjyratmak
smear ?almak, ?yrºamak
smell ys, ysgamak, (to smell strongly) go–ursamak
smile Øylgyrys, Øyrºarmak, Øylgyrmak
smoke tŸsse, tŸtemek
smoke (give off smoke) tŸsselemek
smoker ?ilimkeº
smooth tekiz, Øylmanak, sypalamak, tekizlemek
smooth out Øuwmarlamak
smooth woolen cloth mawut
smoothness tekizlik
snake Øylan
snake scales gow
snap ºyrkyldy, ºyrkyldamak
snap at jabjynmak
snap one's fingers pitikilemek
snare duzak, hepbik
snatch penjelemek
snatch away towsa gštermek
sneak bukdaklamak
sneeze asgyrmak
snicker hikirdi, hikirdemek
snivel yzlamak
snobbiness ulumsylyk
snobby ulumsy
snore hor ?ekmek, hor ?ekmek, horlamak
snort horlamak
snout tumºuk
snow gar
snow leopard bars(r)
snowstorm boran
snowy garly
so beØle, ºun?a, ºeØle, ºumlukda, ºeØlelik bilen, ºeØlelikde
so many ºon?a, ºun?a
so much geregi?e, ºon?a, ºun?a
so then onso–
soak ezmek, ?ŸmŸrmek, suwjarmak
soaked myjjyk–
soap sabyn
soar gaØmak, pasyrdamak
sob horkuldamak, ºumjarmak
sober a–ly, sersag
sobriety sersaglyk
sociable al?ak
social sosial(r)
social conscience jemgyØet?ilik
socialism sosialism(r)
socialistic sosialstik(r)
society jemgyØet
socks jorap
soft tultuk, Øumºak, myssyk
soft food si––itli
soft milk product like yoghurt gatyk
soften Øumºamak
softness Øumºaklyk
soil kirletmek
solder galaØylamak
soldier esger, soldat(r)
soldierhood soldatlyk
sole bitewi
sole (of foot) daban
sole of a shoe olta–
solid durnukly, pugta, ?ydamly
solidarity raØdaºlyk
solidly ersmek
solitary Øekemen
solution ?šzŸº, ergin
some berentak, birnŠ?e, kŠbir, kŠbiri, pylan, telim
some people kŠbiri
somehow (or other) telli-pelli
someone else's keseki, kese
somersault aºyr
something new šzgeriº
sometimes aram-aram, ?endan, kŠmahal, kŠte, kŠwagt, hernŠ
somewhat birhili, hili-bir hili
son ogul
son-in-law giew
song aØdym
soon basym, hasyr-husur, hyrra, ºagga
soot dŸØt, gurum
soothe haØ-kŸº etmek, hšre-kšºe etmek
sore peºehorda
sorrel ?ypar
sorrow gussa, škŸn?
sorrowful gynan?ly, tukat, rehimdar, rehimli
sort sort(r), sortlamak
sought-after ge?ginli
soul ØŸrek, gšwŸn, ruh
soulless rehimsiz
sound owaz, ses, ŸØn, ºagyrdy
sounds ses-ŸØn
soup ?orba
sour turºy
source ?eºme, gšzbaº, pru£in(r), ?eºme
south gŸnorta
southern gŸnorta
southpaw ?epbekeØ
souvenir ØadygŠrlik
sowing ekiº
space sele–
spacious bšwºe–, gi–iº, gi–
span bat
spangle u?gun, jŠjek
Spanish ispan
spare tygºytlamak
sparkle u?gun, Øyldyramak, lowurdamak
sparkling Øalpyldawuk
sparkly Øyldyrawuk
sparrow ser?e, ser?i
sparse Øuwan
speak gŸrlemek, geplemek, geplemek, sšzlemek
speak directly gšnŸlmek
speak highly taryp etmek
speak hoarsely hy££yldamak
speak in Russian rus?alamak
special Øšrite, Øšrite
specialist spesalist(r)
specialize in Øšritelesºdirmek
specific aØratyn, udel(r), has, konkret(r)
specificity aØratynlyk
specify takyklamak
specimen ekzemplØar(r), nusga
spectacle tomaºa
spectacles ŠØnek
spectator tomaºa?y
spectile spektakl(r)
speech ?ykyº
speed ?altlandyrmak, tizlik, Øšriº
speed along dazlamak
speed up tizleºdirmek, Øygjamlatmak
spell out konkretleºdirmek(r)
spelling orfografiØa(r)
spend harajat etmek, har?lamak, Øitirmek
spend money sowmak
sphere ºar(r), togalak
spherical togalak
spicy ajy
spider le–kewut, mšØ
spiderweb kerep
spigot kran(r)
spill ?špleme, dškmek
spin egirmek, saramak
spinach ysmanak
spindle ik
spine o–urga, geriº, Øagyrny
spinner egriji
spinning wheel ?arh, perik
spirit ruh, ºŠht, gšwŸn, ruh
spirited gšwŸnly
spirits tap
spiritual ruhy
spit gyllyk, ?iº, gagyrmak, tŸØkŸrrmek
spit out gagyrynmak
spit up kŸl-owram (bolmak), kŸl-uºak
spiteful hyrsyz
spittle tŸØkŸlik
splash pŸrkmek, ºalpyldy, ºapyrdy, sy?ramak, sy?ratmak, ºalpyldamak
splint ºin(r)
splinter gyldyrgan, gyØ?ak
split ?at, jaØryk, jaØrylmak, Øarylmak, ºakgalamak
split open ?atlamak
spoil zaØalamak, ajatmak, dymjykmak, haraplamak, zaØalamak, zaØalanmak, ŸØtgediji, isrip bolmak
spoil a child sypa–-serme–
spoiled harap, zaØa, zaØalanan
spoils of war olja
spoken gepleºik
spool tegek, tigir
spoon ?em?e, (Yomud) galam
sport sport(r)
sportsman sportmen(r)
spot menek, tegmil, utuk
spotted fever šrgŸnli
spout (of a teapot) jŸrŸndik
spray dermanlamak, sy?ratmak, suwlamak, sy?ramak, sepelemek
sprayer suwul?u
spread pollamak, ?almak, ?ogmak, ºabyrdamak, ?yrºamak
spread out ?asyrmak, semek, dټemek, sermek
spread terror mšw? almak
spring bahar, bulak, gšzbaº, pru£in(r), Øaz, ?eºme, towusmak, Øazlyk
spring forth suddenly zomp edip ?ykak
spring up dšremek
sprinkle pŸrkmek, sepmek
sprout ºitil
spur debsilmek
spurt zogdyrylmak
sputter jazyrdamak
sputtering jazyrdy
spy i?aly, yºyklamak, jyklamak
square kwadrat(r)
squash kŠdi, itniºik
squat ?ommalmak
squeak jŸØgŸldy, jygyldamak, jygyldy, (of a shoe) jaØyrdy, (of a shoe) jaØyrdamak
squeeze sykmak
squelch ºapyrtdatmak, ºorpuldatmak
squinty-eyed ?asy
squirrel belka
stab naØzalamak, py?aklamak
stab with a dagger san?mak
stability durnuklylyk
stabilize pugtalandurmak
stable at Øatak, baldak, durnukly
stack kŸde, kŸdelemek
stadium stadion(r)
staff sostaw(r), ºtab(r)
stage estrada(r), sahna
stage manager rezhissØor(r)
stagger goduklamak, ?aØkanmak, u?mak
stagnant Øata
stain menek, tegmil, kirletmek
stairs merdiwan
stairway merdiwan
stale gaty
stalk sŸmmŸl
stall atØatak, dŸkan, Øatak
stallion aØgyr, taØ
stamp ºtamp(r), ?ap, metbugat, pe?at(r), pe?atlamak, gŸpŸrdemek, ºtamplamak(r), tarpyldatmak, dŸrtgŸ?
stamped gerbli
stamping gŸrpŸrdi, patydyr, tapyrdy, tarpyldy
stand durmak, kuwwatlanmak
stand something up jaØtartmak
stand guard garawul durmak
stand in file hatar durmak
stand in order hatar durmak
stand on end ?arpaØa galmak, jaØtarmak
stand on someone's feet suddenly (?) sy?ramak
stand out jaØtarmak, tapawutlanmak
stand up turmak, gobsynmak
standard norma(r)
standardize kadalaºdyrmak
stanza kuplet(r)
star Øagtylgy?, Øyldyz
starch krahmal(r), pet
stare ?i–erilmek, petretmek, syn etmek, mšlerilmek, seretmek
stare at ji–kermek
stare threateningly alarylmak
stare wide-eyed mšlertmek
starling sar
start ge?mek, dšretmek, tisginmek
startle ge–irgendirmek
startled ge–irgenmek
state ºtat(r)
state farm sowhoz(r)
stateroom kaØuta
station punkt(r), stansiØa(r), wokzal(r)
statue heØkel
statute ustaw(r)
staunch dšzŸmli
steadfast ?i–e, gyºarnyksyz, mizemez
steal ogurlamak
stealthy Øaºyryn
steam bug, tŸtemek
steel polat
steep dik
steering wheel rul(r)
stench porsy
step gadam, Šdimlemek, Štlemek, Štmek
step back ?ekilmek
step(s) basgan?ak
step- (mother/father) šweØ
steppe sŠhra, gyr
stick taØak, ?šp, hasa, ºepbeºmek, Øemlemek, (into) Øapyºdyrmak
stick into ?ŸmdŸrmek
stick out jaØtarmak, taØzarmak
stick to Øapyºmak
stick togehter sŸzŸlmek
sticky ºembeºik
stigma tagma
stigmatize tagmalamak
still dek, entegem, entek, entŠk, Øalta, ºindi, heniz, hŠli
stillness Øaltalyk
sting or bite ?akmak
stink porsy, kokamak
stinker a–kaw
stir bulamak, gymyldamak, gymyldamak
stir up against šjŸkdirmek
stirred bulanmak
stirrup Ÿze––i
stitch petle(r), tikin, depjemek
stitch up petlemek
stobborness kesirlik
stolen tala–?ylykly
stomach aºgazan, garyn, mŠde
stomp dŸkŸrdemek, dŸkŸrdetmek, tapyrdamak
stone ºŠnik, daºlamak
stony daºly
stoop egmek
stop sŠginmek, togtamak, duruzmak, (bus) duralga
stopper dyky
stopping place dټelge
storage zapas(r)
store dŸkan, saklamak
storehouse sklad(r)
storm gaØ, gom, tupan
story erteki, hekaØa, hekaØat, powest(r), kyssa, rowaØat, (floor) etazh(r)
stove plita(r)
straight gšni, zowwam, dogry
straight toward baka
straighten endiganlamak, dikeltmek
straighten oneself dikelmek
straighten out gšnelmek
straighten up dograltmak
straightforward gšnŸmel
strain gypjyndyrmak, tagalla, tagma, sŸzmek, tijemek, tijenmek
strain oneself maØrylmak
strained Øitileºmek
straining dyzamak
straining spoon kengir
strange birhili, ge–, del
strap kemer
strategem pirim
stratum topar
straw sypal
straw colored mele
straw saman kelle=stupid saman
strawberries klubnika(r)
streak ?ylgym
stream akar, akym, syrykmak, ?ŸwdŸrmek
street kš?e
streetcar tramwaØ(r)
strength gaØrat, gŸØ?, kuwwatlylyk, mydar, ysgyn, zarp, berklik, hal, kuwwat, mejal, tap
strengthen bekemek, gatalkmak, gŸØ?lenmek, gŸØjemek, mŠkŠmlemek, zarplandyrmak
stress omzamak
stretch tijemek, tijenmek, batlandyrmak
stretch out sŸØnmek, sŸØndŸrmek, uzatmak
strike patlamak, pyl?amak, ?aknyºmak, urmak
string ØŸp, dŸzmek
strip ?ylgym, ?ykyrynmak
strip off Øolmak
stripe ?yzmyk
striped zolakly
strive hysyrdamak, ?ytalaºmak
strive to overpass ?apyºmak
stroll gezelen?, gezende, gezim, gezelen? etmek, seØran etmek, sŸmsŸnmek, aØlanjyramak, gezmek, (in open air) ØelejirŠp gelmek
strong daØaw, gurply, gŸØ?li, kuwwatly, mŠkŠm, ykjam, zaply, zor, berk, gaty
structure desga
struggle uruºmak
strum ti––irdemek, ti––irdetmek
strut direg
strutting gaØky
stubborn ke?, ke?jal, kejir, kesir, ketje, hš?jet
stubborness hš?jetlik, ke?lik
stucco plaster suwag
stuck in a knot ?igmek
student kursant, student(r)
studenthood studentlyk
studies okuw
studio ussahana
study kabinet(r), okamak
stuff nalamak, gamlaºdyrmak, Øuwaºamak, dykmak, Øepbeºdirmek
stuff oneself doØmak
stuffiness petiºlik
stuffy kapas, petiº
stumble on bŸdremek
stump tš––e
stunted gyrymsy
stupid akylsyz, gagal, samsyk, akmak, ke?je, tŸnt, tentek
stupidity akmaklyk, akylsyzlyk, ke?jelik, Øe–ilkellelik
stutter sakynmak
stutterer sakaw
style fason(r), stil(r), hil, moda(r), tip(r)
subdivision podrazdelenie(r)
subject tema(r), (of a sentence) Øšnekme
submit goØmak
subordinate tabyn
subordination tabynlyk
subscribe Øazylmak
subscriber abuna?y
subscription abuna, Øazylysyk
subside rahatlanmak, Ÿnjalmak, saØpallamak
substance madda
substitute tŠzelenmek
subvert maØyrmak
subway metro(r), metropoliten(r)
subzero minus(r)
success o–, ŸstŸnlik, ºow
successful rowa?, sowly, ºowly, Øetiºikli, netijeli
successively u?dantutma, yzly-yzynda, yzygideri
successor miras?y
such ºeØle, zeØilli, beØle, ºekilli
suck sokjamak, emmek, sormak
suckle naharlamak
sudden duØdansyz, tarpa, tarpa-taØyn, zaply
suddenly birden, tapba, zompa
sue sudlaºmak
suffer ?ydamak, horluk ?ekmek, horlyk ?ekmek, jepa ?ekmek, surnukmak
suffering gšrgi, hupbat, pis, helŠk?ilik, horluk
suffering from a cough ŸsgŸlewukli
suffice garbamak, Øetmek
sufficient bolelenlik
suffix goºulma
suffocate bogulmak
sugar gant, ºeker
sugar-beet ºeker ?inrigi
sugary gantly, sŸØji
suit kostØum(r), geliºmek
suitable Øaramly, kemally
suitcase ?emedan(r)
sulfur kŸkŸrt
sullen ?ytyk
sultriness ?og
sultry jokrama, petiº
sum jem
sum up jemlemek, umumylaºdyrmak
summer tomus
summer-house dalbar
summon kšsemek, ?agyrmak
summons powestka(r)
sun gŸn
sunburn gŸneºlemek
Sunday Øekºenbe
sunflower gŸnebakar
sunflower seed ?igit
sunny gŸneºli
sunrise gŸnŸ– dogmagy
sunset gŸnŸ– Øaºmagy
sunshine gŸneº, parlak
superficial ØŸzleØ
supple maØy?gak
supply ŸpjŸnetmek
support arkalaºyk, daØan?, goldaw, sšØget, tekge, arkadaØŠn?, tutmak, Øagyrni?lik, goldamak, gollamak
supported arkaly
supporter tarapdar, tarapdar, Øaran, sše
suppose ?aklamak, ?enlemek, osmak, oØlamak, šØtmek
supposed hyØally
suprise haØran
sure hatyrjem, ynamly
surety zamun
surface keºbi, Ÿst, ØŸz
surgeon hirurg(r)
surgery hirurgik(r)
surname familiØa(r)
surprise ge–irgendirmek
surprising ge–
surround egelenmek
surroundings daº-tšwerek, tšwerek
surveillance ideg
survey syn
suspect ºŸbhelenmek
suspend tŠsgenmek
swaddling clothes gundag
swallow Øuwdunmak, Øuwutmak, garlawa?
swamp sŸØgeºiklik, batga
swampy sŸØgeºik
swan gŸw
swarm sŸlenmek
sway ykjamak
swear (curse) sšwmek
swear out kŠemek
swear word sšgŸn?
sweat der, hyssyldamak, derlemek
Swede ºwed(r)
sweep sŸpŸrmek, togalanmak, sŸbcelemek, sŸpŸrmek, syrmak, tigirlenmek
sweet lezzetli, nabat, sŸØji, sŸØji, ºirin, lezzetli
sweet tooth sŸØji?il
swell ?ismek, pakgarmak, pškremek, ?iºirmek
swell up gŸbermek
swelling ?iº
swift zaply
swift attack zarba
swift-footed ?us
swiftly okgunly
swiftness ?altlyk
swim dŸºŸnmek2, ØŸzmek
swimmer ØŸzŸji
swindler kezzap
swing hi––ildik, hi––ilik, sallan?ak, u?urmak, ykjamak, yralamak, yramak, yranmak, yra– atmak
swirl burugsamak
switch wyklØu?atel(r), ?ybyk
switch off š?Ÿrmek
switch over dšnmek
sycophancy Øaranja–lyk
sycophant Øaranja–
syllable bogun
symbol simbol(r)
symbol nysan
sympathetic dšzŸmsiz, duØgudaº
sympathy duØgudaºlyk
synonym sinonim(r)
synopsis kospekt(r)
syntax sintaksis(r)
synthesis sintez(r)
synthetic sintaktik(r), synthetika(r)
system sistema(r)
systemize sistemleºdirmek
T
t-shirt maØka(r)
table stol(r), tablisa
tablet tabletka(r)
tactic taktika(r)
tahya tahØa
tail guØruk
tailor bi?im?i, bi?mek, tikin?i
take almak
take a bite tamºanmak
take a responsibility bor?lanmak
take a rest dyn? almak
take a view of Øaltaklamak
take advantage of haØyrlanmak
take aim nysan almak, nyºanalamak
take aim at ?enemek
take an oath kasam i?mek
take apart aralamak, sškmek
take away Škitmek
take care of sagdynlaºdyrmak, aØamak
take for a walk gezdirmek
take inaccount hasap etmek
take it! me!
take leave of hoºlaºmak
take off ?ykyrynmak, ?ykarmak
take offence šØkelemek
take out ?ykarmak
take pains emgemek
take prisoner tussag etmek
take refuge halas bolmak
take revenge ar almak
take shelter yklamak
take up arms Øaraglanmak
take with a fork ºaramak
taken inaccount hasaplanmak
tale beØan, beØanama
talent talant(r), zehin, ukyp
talented talantly(r), zehinli, škde, ukyply
talisman of camel hair alaja
talk gep, gŸrrŸ–, gep-gŸrrŸ–, gepleºmek, myº-myº, ºiwe, madyrdamak, Øamanlamak
talk back sanaºmak
talk into gšwnetmek
talkative lakgy, geplemºek
tall belent, uzyn, Øokary
tally hasap, hasap
tally up hasamak, hasaplamak
tame ekdi, eldek
tan eØlemek
tangerine mandarin
tangle Øumak
tangled hair imeºmek
tank bak, tank(r)
tantalize gŸje–lemek
tap bulak, kran(r)
tape recorder magnitofon(r)
taper ?Ÿrelmek
tar garaØag, tar, ºepbik
tardiness Šwmezlik
target nyºana
tart talh
task mesele, wezipe
tassel gotaz
tassle penje
taste tagam, dadyrmak, datmak
tasty tagamly, ºirin
tattered eleºan
tatters ºylha
tax salmak
taxi taksi(r)
tea ?aØ
tea-house ?aØhana
tea-lover ?aØkeº
tea-pot kitir
teach okatmak, šwretmek, šwretmek
teacher mugallym, halypa, okudyjy
teacher (female) mugallyma
team komanda(r), kollektiw(r)
teapot ?ŠØnek, ?ŠØnik
tear Ÿtmek, Øyrtylmak
tear off goparmak, sypyrmak, Ÿzmek, ŸzŸlmek, Øyrtmak
tear off a piece dšmmek
tear pieces tŸØt-mŸØt etmek
teardrop Øaº, gšz Øaº, gšzØaº
tease gŸje–lemek
technical tehniki(r)
technical school tehnikum(r)
technician tehnik(r)
technique tehnika(r)
telegram telegramma(r)
telegraph telegraf(r), telegrafirlemek(r)
telephone ja– etmek, telefon etmek
television telewizion(r)
temperate maØdal
temperature temperatura(r), Øylylyk, gyzgyn
tempered taplanmak
tempest tupan
temporary wagtlaØyn
temptation sap
ten on
ten (noun) onluk
ten days ongunlyk
ten years onØyllyk
tender nŠzik, ynjyk
tender-hearted Øuka ØŸrek
tending ideg
tennis tennis(r)
tense dartgynly
tent ?adyr, palatka(r), ?atma
tenth onunjy
tenure stazh(r)
term adalga, termin(r)
term of office mšhlet
terminal polØus(r)
terminator istrebitel
terminology terminologiØa(r)
termite tagtabiti
terrible elhen?
territory territoriØa(r)
terror wehim
terrorism terrorizm(r)
test synag, kšsenmek, synamak
tether da–y
text tekst(r)
thank you sag bol, spasiba(r)
that kŠ, ºol, ºu
that is to say... Øagny
that's why babatdan, štri
thatch sypal
thaw eremek
the back end Øe–?e
theater (film) kinoteatr(r)
theatre teatr
theft ogrulyk, ogurlyk, tala–, tala–?ylyk
thematic tematic(r)
theme tema(r)
then onda, hany, ºeØlelik bilen, ºeØlelikde, so–
theorem teorema(r)
theoretic teoretiki(r)
theory teoriØa(r)
therapeutic terapewtik(r)
therapist terapewt(r)
there beØlŠk, hanha, holha, honha
therefore štri, ?Ÿnki
thermometer termometr(r)
thermos termos(r)
thesis eser
they olar
thick ?iºik, galy–, gŸr, kŸti, syk, Øygy, goØry, goØy, Øogyn
thick-headed kšrzehin
thicken gal–amak, goØalamk
thicket lšdere
thickness galy–lyk, goØulyk, kŸtŸlik, tšp
thief ogry, ogry
thieve ogramak
thigh but
thimble oØmak, ØŸwse
thin hor, hor, igli, in?e, suwuk, Øuka, in?esagt
thin out Øekelemek
thin rug palas(r)
thing zat
things goº, zatlar
think pikir etmek, šØtmek, pikirlenmek, saØmak
think hard šlºermek
think out tapmak
think upon ikirjinlemek
thinness Øukalyk
third Ÿ?Ÿnji
thirst teºnelik
thirsty teºne
thirtieth otuzynjy
thirty otuz
this bu, ºu
this side of bŠri
thistle garamandalak
thorn tiken
thorny tikenli
thoroughfare magistral
thought pikir, a–, oØ
thousand mŸ–
thread dŸzmek, štŸrmek, sapak
thread a needle sapmak
threat haØbat
threaten ?enemek
three Ÿ?, Ÿ?lŸk
threshing dšwek
threshold bosaga
thriftless bisarpa
thrive pajalamak
throat bokyrdak, damak, bogaz
throb syzlamak, tyrkyldamak, tyrkyldatmak, bŸkgŸldemek
throb,beat sorkuldmak
throng ŸØºmele–
through zowwam
through and through parran
throughout parran, bŸtin
throw atmak, keseklemek, zy–mak
throw stones at daºlamak
throw up gusmak
throw with force taºlamak
thrown taºlandy
thrust ?Ÿmmek
thump gŸrsŸldemek
thunder gŸrrŸldemek, ta––yrdamak, gŸbŸrdemek, gŸmmŸrdemek
Thursday penºenbe
thus ºeØlelik bilen, ºumlukda
ticket bilet(r)
tickle gyjyk, gyjyklamak
tidy up Øygnaºdyrmak
tie arabaglanºyk, aragatnaºyk, da–y, bogmak, danmak, da–mak, šrklemek, kšjemek, saramak
tie an animal's four legs together) gŸØlmek
tie together ?itmek, ?atmak
tie up (specifically gŸØlmek
tie with a belt guºamak
tiger gapla–
tight gysby
tighten bŸzmek
till sŸrmek
tillage sŸrŸm, ºŸdŸgŠr
time zaman, gezek, esse, halat, mahal, mšwrit, pursat, wagt, Øola, ?en, dšwŸr, gaØta
time-sheet tabel(r)
timeless šlmez-Øitmez
times šwre
timid tez, Ÿrkek, gorkak, Øygra
timidity gorka, Øygralyk
tin galaØy
tingle ( jŸmºŸldemek
tingling jŸmºŸldi
tiny ?Ÿlpe, ujypsyz
tiny fishbones gyl?yk
tire ºin(r), ejizlemek, Øadamak, ysgynsyzlanmak, Øaltanmak
tire out Øadatmak
tired argyn, Øadaw
tireless Øadawsyz
tissue paper sorgu?
title sšzbaºy, adalga
toady Øaranja–
tobacco temmŠki
toe barmak
toes daraklyk
together bile, bilelikde, birlikde, ºŠrikli
toil emgenmek
toilet hajathana
token £eton(r)
tolerance ?ydamlylyk
tolerant ?ydamly
tomasauce tomat(r)
tomato pomidor(r)
tomb gubur, gšr
tome tom(r)
tomorrow ertir
ton tonna(r)
tone Šhe–, ŸØn, jy––yrdy
tongs Štiºgir, gysgy?
tongue-twister Øa–yltma?
too hem, #NAME?
too much aºa
tool abzal, esbap, gural
tooth diº
top ?Ÿr depesi, depe, Øokarky, Ÿst
torch panys
torment ?ekelemek, helŠklemek, azap, helŠk?ilik, horluk, emgek
torn eleºan, Øyrtyk
torso gšwre, korpus(r)
torture gšrgŸlik, gŸzap, azap, ?ekelemek, gšrgi, helŠklemek
toss oklamak, urunmak, keseklemek
total jem
total darkness hŸØt-gara–ky
totally tutuºlaØyn
totally halys, tutuºlagyna
touch degmek, ellemek
touch up yºyklandyrmak
touchy šØkelek
tough gaØym
toungue dil
tour gastrol(r)
tourist turist(r)
touristic turistic
tournament tunir(r)
tousle saØmak
tow tartmak, ?ekmek
towel polotenste(r)
tower wyºka(r)
toy oØnawa?, oØunjak, gurjak
trace yzarlamak, yz
track rels(r)
track down yzarlamak
tractor traktor(r)
tractor driver traktor?y(r)
trade hŸnŠr, senet, sšwda
trade union profsoØuz(r)
trader sšwdagar
tradition dessur, dŠp, dŠp-dessur, Øšrelge
traffic gatnaw
tragedy tragediØa(r)
tragic tragiki(r)
train tŸrgenleºmek, otly, ?emelenmek
train a horse seØislemek
trained tŸrgen
trainer trener(r)
training tŸrgenleºik
trait ?yzyk
traitor dšnŸk, haØyn, i?aly
tramp ykmanda
tramping tapyrdy
trample basgalamak, depelemek, depgilemek, paØdyrmak, tarpyldatmak
trampling tarpyldy
tranquility imisalalyk
transfix ?Ÿmmek
transformation ØŸzlenme
transgress Štlemek
transition ge?is
transitory gš?me
translation perewod(r), terjime
translator terjime?i
transplantation peresadka(r)
transport ulag, ?Ÿwek
transportation transport(r)
trap gapan
trash zibil, hapa
travel syØahat etmek
traveller syØahat?y
travels syØahat
treachery dšnŸklik, ŠhtiØalanlyk
treason haØynlyk
treasure hazyna
treasury hazyna
treat bejermek, hšdŸr etmek, hšdŸrlemek, sagdynlaºdyrmak
treatment bejergi
treaty wadalaºyk
tree bag
tremble digden eklemek, endiremek, gagºamak, galdyramak, mŸ–kŸldemek, sandyramak, tibirdemek, titremek, titrewuk, zagyrdamak
trembling sandyrawuk
tremendous mŠhnet
tremors galpyldy
trend ugur
tresspass on hyØanat etmek
tresspassing hyØanat?ylyk
tresspassor hyØanat?y
trial synag
triangle Ÿ?bur?luk
tribe asyl, taØpa, tire
tribune tribuna(r)
tribute salgyt
trick pirim
trickery ºeØtanlyk
trifling ownuk?yl
trinket ºaØylyk
trip syØahat, syØahat, reØs(r)
tripod kšssek
tritel len? bolmak
trolley trolleØbus(r)
trophies olja
tropic Øoda
tropical Øoda
trot selpemek, gezer
trouble azar, bozgaklyk, hyllalla, Ÿnji, hasrat
trouble-maker bozgak
troubled aladaly, gowgaly, lŠbik
troubles hysyrdy, agyry, alada
trough ahyr
trouser-leg gon?
truancy progul
truck gruzovik(r), Øuk maºina
true ?yn, dogrudan, dogry, wepaly, idili
truly dogrusy
trump ºifirlemek(r)
trunk gšwre, hortum, korpus(r), (of a tree) nil
trust ynanmak
trustee hossar, hossar
trusteeship hossarlyk
trusting ynanja–
truth hakykat, wepa, ynsap
try ?ytalaºmak, dyrjaºmak, janykmak, synanmak, synanmak
try on de–emek
try out kšsenmek
tubby person gipdenek
tube trubka(r), truba(r)
tuck up ?yzgmak, ?ermemek
Tuesday siºenbe
tuft ?ogdan
tug dartmak
tulip ?igildem
tulle tØul(r)
tumor ber?, ?iº
tun ?elek
tundra tundra(r)
tune he–, he–, ŸØn
tunnel tonnel(r)
turban selle
Turk tŸrk
turkey indØuk(r)
Turkish tŸrki
Turkmen tŸrkmen
Turkmeness tŸrkmen?ilik
turn nobat, šwrŸm, aØlamak, hozanaklamak, sowulmak, towlamak, dolamak, tow, Øšneliº, aØlanmak, towlanmak, dšnmek, gezek, (a corner) gorsamak, (in a game) gš?
turn brown go–ralmak
turn down a light š?Ÿrmek
turn for Øšnelmek
turn for the worse erbetlemek
turn gray ?alarmak
turn inside out ?šwrŸlmek
turn off a light sšndŸrmek
turn oneself over šwrŸlmek
turn out oguºØa
turn over dšrŸºdirmek, dŸndermek, ?šwrŸlmek
turn something šwŸrmek
turn sour mŸzzermek, turºamak
turn to ØŸz tutmak, ØŸzlenmek
turn up ?ermemek, ?yzgmak
turn upside-down agdar-du–der etmek, dŸnderilmek
turn-coat dšnŸk
turnip ºalgam
turnpike ºosse(r)
turret wyºka(r)
turtle pyºbaga, pyºdyl
tutor terbiØe?i
tuyduk tŸØdŸk
tweak ?irtmek, ?ŸmmŸklemek
twentieth Øigriminji
twenty Øigrimi
twig pudak
twigs ot- ?šp
twin ekiz
twinkle Øylpyldamak
twinkling lampa
twirl pyrlamak, tirlemek, tirlendirmek
twist burmak, pyrlamak, tirlemek, tirlendirmek, towlanmak, bŸkdŸrmek, towlamak, Øygyrmak, ?yrpynmak
twist oneself pyrlanmak
twisted towly
two goºa, iki
two-faced ikiØŸzli
two-sided apbasy, ikiØanlaØyn
two-year ikiØyllyk
Tyg Øarasy biter tyg
type ºrift(r), tip(r)
type of illness in?ekesel
type of melon zam?a
type of tree sazak
typesetter Øygyjy
typhys garahassalyk, šrgŸnli
typical tipik(r), tipleØin(r)
typist maºinistka(r)
tyrannical zalym
tyranny zalymlyk, zulum, eden-etdilik
tyrant zalym
U
udder emjek
ugliness ºumroØluk
ugly bedroØ, betgelºik, betnysan, edren?, ºumroØ
Uighur (nationality) uØgur
Ukranian ukrain(r)
ulcer peºehorda
unanswerable jogapsyz
unavoidability ala?syzlyk
unbiased obØektiw(r)
unbutton Øazdyrmak
uncertain alasarmyk, aljyra––y, gŸmana
unchanged kšne?e
uncle daØy, dŠde, dØadØa(r), (Balkan dialect) kaka
unclear dŸºnŸksiz
uncomfortable amatsyz, bijaØ, ?emesiz
unconscionable naØynsap
unconscious beØhuº, ynsapsyz
unconsciousness ynsapsyzlyk
unconsidered gŸmŸrtik
uncoordinated dagynyk
uncultured edepsiz
unculturedness edepsizlik
undecided ikigšwŸnli
under kšw salmak
under duress nala?
underage ki?i
undergarments i?ki-geØim
undergo synamak
underground Øerasty
underline nyglamak
understand a–syrmak, dŸºŸnmek1, gšrmek, a–mak
understand each other dŸºŸniºmek
understandable dŸºnŸkli
understudy orunbasary
undertaking kŠrhana
underwater suwasty
undetermined ikigšwŸnli
undisciplined bidŸzgŸn, tertipsiz
undistinguished pes
unease gozgala–
uneasy biynjalyk
uneconomical bisarpa
uneducated ?alasowat, jahyl
unemployed iºsiz
unemployment iºsizlik
uneven ters
unexpected oslagsyz, tarpa
unfair ynsapsyz
unfairness ynsapsyzlyk
unfamiliar nŠbelet
unfamiliarity nŠbelet?ilik, nŠbeletlik
unfasten Øazdyrmak
unfavorable o–aØsyz
unfortunate person gšrgŸli
unfortunately gynansamda
unfounded esassyz
unhealthy nŠhoº, nŠsag
uniform endigan, forma(r)
uniformly distributed birsydyrgyn
uninformative dereksiz
unintentionally nala?
uninterrupted ŸznŸksiz
union birleºik, soØuz
unique aØra
unison jebislik, baglanyºyk
unit birlik
unite birikmek, birleºdirmek, utgaºmak
united baglanyºykly, baglaØjy, birleºen, utgaºyk
united under God ta–rybir
universal bŸtindŸnØa, Šhlumumy, uniwersal(r)
universe Šlem-jahan
university uniwersitØet(r)
unjust ynsapsyz
unknowable nŠbileØin
unknowing bilmezlik
unknown bilmezden, nŠbelli, nŠmŠlim, nŠtanyº, nŠbelet
unknown property amanat
unlawful kanunsyz
unleash ?šzmek, tutaºdyrmak
unleavened bread petir(r)
unlimited ymgyr
unlit gara–ky
unload boºatmak
unloved gadyrsyz
unmotivated dereksiz
unmoving dek
unnecessary gereksiz
unpleasant mŠhirsiz
unpopulated ?ola
unquestionable soragcyz, ºŸbhesiz
unquestionably ºeksiz
unreasonable sebŠpsiz
unrest o–ºuksyzluk, Ÿnji, ynjalyksyzlyk
unrestricted erkana
unrestrictedly erkin
unripe ?ig
unruly tertipsiz
unsatisfactory kanagatlanlarlyksz
unscrupulous naØynsap
unshakable mizemez
unsigned golsuz
unskilled emelsiz
unsociable Øekemen, garasšØmez
unspoiled syrdambitin
unspoken gŸrrŸ–siz
unsuccessful netijesiz, Øetiºiksiz
unsuitable Øetmez?ilik
unswerving gyºarnyksyz
untalented zehinsiz
untangle ?šzlemek
untie ?šzmek
until ?enli, de–e?, tŠ
until now heniz
until one dies šlin?a
until satisfied doØa
untilled boz
untouchable sarsmaz
untrue biwepa
untruthful galat
unused boº
unusual del, seØrek
unwaivering mizemez
unweildy gaba
unworthy nŠlaØyk
upbringing terbiØe, terbiØeleØiº
upkeep saklaØyº, mazmun
upon the cross atanaklaØyn
upper Øokarky
upper part Ÿst
uprising gozgala–
urge haØdatmak
urgent gaØragolulmasyz, gyssagly, mšhletli, derwaØys, ynandyryjy
urgently gyssag
urine peºew
urn around sowmak
use peØda, ulanmak, Øaratmak, haØyr
use up harajat etmek
used up Øolgalmak
useful peØdaly
useless biderek, peØdasyz, Øaramaz
usual adaty
usually kšplen?
utensils gapga?
utilize ulanmak
Uzbek šzbek
V
vacation kanikul(r), dyn? almak
vaccine waktsina(r)
vagabond segezdan, ykmanda, sergezdan
vague Øaºyryn
vain baºagaØ, nŠhak, ºšhratparaz, howaØy
valley dere, jŸlge
valour edermenlik
valuable gymmatly, ºaØ-sep
vanish gŸrŸm-jŸrŸm bolmak, Øitirim bolmak, Øitmek
vanity baºagaØlyk, ºšhratparazlyk
vanity mirror tagan
vanquish ØŸwŸrmek, ŸstŸn ?ykmak
vapidity Øe–ilkellelik
vapor dem
variant wariant(r)
variety sort(r)
various gatyºyk, dŸrli-dŸrli
vary ?alyºmak, šzgertmek
vegetable gšk šnŸm
vegetable(s) ir-iØmiº
vein damar
velour welØur(r)
velvet welwet(r)
veneer faner(r)
vengance kast
vengeance š?
venture kŠrhana
veranda dalan, eØwan
verb iºlik
verbal harma-harp
verdict hškŸm
verse kuplet(r), ºygyr
versed habarly
vertical wertikal(r)
very bi?ak, i––Šn, šrŠn, šte, u?ursyz, artykma?, Šgirt, hut, Øaman
very much weºe–-weºe–
very well i?gin
vessel gap, bak
veteran weteran(r)
veterinary weterinariØa(r)
vex helŠklemek
vexed hyrsy–y diºlemek
via Ÿsti bilen
vibrate yrgyldamak, yrgyldatmak
vibration yrgyldy
vicinity daº-tšwerek
vicious scheme gabahat?ylyk
victor Øe–iji
victory Øe–iº, boluº
view nazar
vigilant hŸºgŠr, sak, eserde–
village oba
vindicate šdemek
vinyl record plastinka(r)
virgin soil tarp
virtue mertebe
virus dŸmew
visible gšrnŸkli
vision gšrŸº, gšz
visit gšrme-gšrŸº, wizit(r)
vista a–-dŸºŸnje
vital derwaØys
vitamin witamin(r)
vodka arak
voice gyl, ses
void howaØy
volcano wulkan(r)
volleyball woleØbol(r)
volume gšwrŸm, mš?ber, tom(r)
voluminous gšwrŸmli
voluntary meØletin
volunteer meØletin?i
vomit šgemek, pitirdemek, gusmak
vote saØlow
voter saØlaw?y
vow kasam i?mek, Šht, ºert
vowel ?ekimli ses
voyage reØs(r)
W
waddle moØmuldamak
wage war uruºmak
wagon wagon(r)
wail jŠgildemek, wa–kyrmak, nŠrazy?ylyk
wailing jŠgildi
waist bil, guºaklyk
wait garaºmak
wait for someone garalyºmak
waiter ofisian(r)
wake someone turuzmak, šrŸzmek
wake up oØanmak
wakefulness ºšwŸr
waken turuzmak
walk sŸmsŸnmek, Øšremek
walking seØil
wall diwar, haØat, se––er
wallow lŠshermek
walnut grek hozy
wander entemek, entreklemek, tentemek, gezmek, seØran etmek
wanderer segezdan
want gereklemek, islemek, islemek, hajat
wanting to gšwŸnje–
war uruº, harby
warbler (bird) jikjiki
wardrobe garderob(r), ºkaf(r)
warm gyzyºmak, Øylatmak, maØyl, mylaØym, Øyly, mŠhirli
warm up ?oØmak, Øylamak, Øylynmak, maØlamak
warm weather maØyllyk
warmth Øylylyk
warn duØdurmak
warning duØduryº, howsala, trewoga(r)
warrant narØad
wash Øuwmak, Øuwundyrmak
wash away kšwmek
wash oneself Øuwunmak
wash with soap sabynlamak
waste har?lamak, Øitgi, yrØa, har?lamak
watch synlamak, sagat, sagat
watch over (lit gšz-gulak bolmak
watchful hŸºgŠr, idediji, sak, ideg-sorag
watchman sak?y
water ?aØlamak, suwarmak, suwarmak, Øaºarmak, suw, suw, kompot(r)
water boiler semawar(r)
water pipe wodoprowod(r)
water-dispenser kolonka(r)
water-pump kolonka(r)
waterfall ºaglawuk
watering suwarym
watermelon garpyz
watershed saka, taraz
waterskin gowa
watery suw, Øuwan
wave bulaØlamak, salgamak, pasyrdamak, tolkun
waver tykyramak, Øygrylmak
wax mum
way alyn, tertip-dŸzgŸn, usul, ?ak, Øol
way back gaØdyºyn
way-to-go berekella
we biz
weak asgyn, gowºak, gujursyz, ejiz
weaken asgynlamak, gowºamak, haØallamak
weakness asgynlyk, ysgynsyzlyk
wealth baØlyk
wealthy adyl
weapon Øarag
wear dakynmak
wear out kšnelmek, lejini ?ykarmak, sŸzŸlmek, tozmak, tŸØdŸlmek, kšneltmek (by use) tozdurmak, tŸØtmek
weariness argynlyk
weather howa
weave dokamak
weaving dokma
wedding caravan gelinalyjy
wedding gifts atgulak
wedding procession gelnalyjy
wedge pahna, ºinde
Wednesday ?arºenbe
weed haºal
week hepde
week-long hepdeleØin
weekly hepdelik
weep aglamak, e–remek
weeping agy
weft (carpet-making term) arga?
weigh semek
weight agram, agyrlyk
weighten agralmak
weighty uly
weird syrly, ge–
weld seplemek
welder kebºirleØli
well bakaly, guØy, hoº, hoº, ºeØlelikde, Øeri, gowy, gurgun, Øa, dŸzŸwli, ºumlukda
well done tŸweleme
well lit Øagty
well thought out oØlanyºykly
well-being abadan?ylyk, eºret, eØgilik, o–luk, rŠhnet
well-bred edepli, terbiØeli
well-deserved rowa
well-dressed bezemen, geØnŸwli
well-known belli
well-off gurply
well-to-do ŸpjŸn
west gŸnbatar
wet ezmek, šllemek, šl, ºalpy-ºara–, ?ygly
whale kit(r)
what to do? nŠtmek
what else dagy
what kind? nŠhili
what sort? nŠtŸØsli
what? nŠme
wheat bugdaØ, bugdaØ
wheel tigir, ?arh, sŸØpent, tigirlemek
wheelbarrow galtak
when ha?an, nŠwagt
where nirede
where? hany, nire
whet taplamak
which? haØsy, nene–, nene–si
which number? nŠ?enji
while onyan?a
whim nŠz
whimsical ynjyk
whine i––ildemek, yzlamak, y––yldy, izzildemek, y––yldamak
whip gam?ylamak, saØgylamak, gam?y
whip up gunuºmak
whirl gaØmalamak, burmak, syramak
whirlpool gipdal
whisper pyºyrdamak, wyºyrdamak, pyºyrdy, wyºy-wyºy
whistle ?yrryldamak, jŸrletmek, sygyrmak, sygyrmak, ºuwwuldamak, ºuwwuldy, gygyrmak
whistling sykyklyk
white ak
white-wash aklamak
whiten aklamak
whitest ap-ak
whitewash heklemek
who? kim
whole bitin, bŸtin
wholeness aman
wholesale lomaØ sšwda, lomaØ, lomaØlygyna
wholly tutuº
whooping cough gštsbogma
why nŠme Ÿ?in
wick pelte
wicked ºum
wide gi–, Øogyn, gi–iº
widow dul aØal
widower dul
width gi–lik
wife aØal, heleØ, maºgala
wife and husband maºgala
wife's brother baja
wiggle ?yrpynmak
wild hyrawa, Øabany
wild dove gšger?in
wilderness je––el
wilfullness šzbaºy–a
will (testament) wesØetnama
will you la
willingly hšwesje–
willow sšwŸt, tal
willy-nilly biala?
wilt solmak, myssarmak
win utmak, ŸstŸn ?ykmak
wind ?yrpynmak, ºemal, Øel
wind around ?yrlamak
wind up keleplemek
winding aØlawly
window aØna, Špiºge, penjire
window leaf forto?ka(r)
windy Øelli
wine siØdik, ºerap
wine-glass bulgur
wineskin tulum
wing ganat
wink gypmak
winner Øe–iji
winnings utuº
winter gyº
wintering gyºlag
wintertime gyºyna
wipe sŸpŸrmek
wire sim
wisdom parasat, paØhas
wise paØhasly
wish arzuw etmek, arzuwlamak, dilemek, myrat, arzuw, meØil
wish for meØillenmek, kŸØsemek
wit dilewar
with bilen, deºirmek
with an accent ?algyrt
with caution emaØ bilen
with effort zordan
with pleasure hšwesje–
with spirit gšwnejaØ
with two meanings iku?ly
wither ?ŸrŸºmek, pyssarmak, ?alykmak
withered agajet
within i?eri
without basis esassyz
without delay zšwwe
without doubt ºeksiz
without end ummasyz
without hesitation irginsiz
without permission bidin, ygtyØarsyz, jogapsyz
withstand ?ydamak
witness ºaØat
witty dilewar
wizard jadygšØ
wobble goduklamak
wolf bšri, mšjek, gurt
wolfish bšri
woman heleØ, aØal
woman's jacket kofta(r)
wonder a–almak
wonderful ajaØyp, allanŠme, tŠsin
wood odun, tokaØ
wooded place tokaØlyk
wooden hammer tokmak
woodpecker daºdeºen
woof arga?
wool ØŸ–
word sšz
wordless gŸrrŸ–siz
work iºlemek, iºlemek, iº, iº
work hard emgenmek
work out ornaºmak
work up owkalamak
worker iº?i, iº?i
workshop ussahana
world dŸnØŠ, Šlem, jahan, Šlem-jahan
worldly dŸnØewi
worm gurt, gur?uk
wormwood kekre
worrisome gaØgyly
worry darykmak, gaØgy etmek, zowzuldamak, ynjalyksyzlanmak, gaØgy, tolgunyºyk
worry someone tolgundyrmak
worse beter
worsen beterlemek, gaØralmak, Øaramazlaºmak
worship baº egmek, baº egme
worthless biderek, birehim, warak
worthy rowa
worthy (of) mynasyp
worthy of blame aØyp
wound kesdirmek, Øaralamak, zarbykdyrmak, Øara
wounded Øaraly, pers-ala
wow bŠ
wow! oh! gosh! be
wrap dolamak, saramak
wrap around da–mak
wrap up ?yrmamak, ?olamak
wrapper dolag
wreak havoc mšw? almak
wrestle gšreºmek
wrestling gšreº, sambo
wretch pahyr, ºermende
wrinkle epilmek
wrinkle bŸrmek, ?ytmak, gasyn, Øygyrmak
wrinkled mŸr?Ÿk, mŸrrŸk, Øygyrt, agajet
wrist goºar
write Øazmak
writer kyssa?y, Øazyjy
writing Øazuw, hat
written work eser
wrong bimamla, nŠdogry, ke?je
wrong side ?šwre
X
X-ray(s) rentgen(r)
Y
yard howly, mellek, daº
yarn ØŸp
yawn pallamak, pal
year Øyl
year before last š––il
year by year ØylsaØyn
yellow sary, mele
yellowest sap sary
yellowish saryØagyz
yelp ?u–samak
yes hawa
yesterday dŸØn
yesterday's dŸØnki
yet entegem, entek, entŠk, heniz, ºindi
yield (cotton) ?Š?
yo Šhey
yoghurt sŸzme
you sen, (plural or formal) siz
young kšrpe, Øaº
young and old alike uly-ki?i
Young Communist komsomol(r)
young girl gelin
young people juwan
young/little donkey kŸrre
younger brother jigi
younger sister-in-law baldyz
your way seni–?e, sizing?e
youth juwan, juwanlyk, Øaºlyk, Øigitlik
Z
zeal yhlas, hšwes
zealous yhlasly
zero nol(r)
zinc sink(r)
zone zona(r)
zoo haØwanat bagy
zoological zoologik(r)
zoology zoologiØa(r)
Contents of the Appendix
1.0 Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language
1.1 The Alphabets
1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets
1.3 Learning the New Alphabet
1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet
1.5 Vowel Harmony
1.6 Long and Short Vowels
1.7 Vocal Transformations
2.0 The Case System
2.1 Cases of Pronouns
3.0 Verbs
3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form
3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form
3.2a - Present Perfect
3.2b - Present Perfect (negative)/Habitual Present (negative)
3.3 - Future Certain
3.4 - Future Indefinite
3.5 - Conditional
3.6 - Past Definite
3.7 - Obligatory Form
3.8 - Imperative Forms
3.9 - Intentional Form
4.0 Relative Clauses
5.0 Cases and their suffixes
5.1 Possessive Suffixes
6.0 The Absolute Posessive
7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation
8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives
9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar
10.0 Go?ylmalar
10.1 Passive
10.2 Reflexive
10.3 Reciprocal
10.4 Causitive
11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, ÿatyr, dur, ÿör
12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes
12.1 -çy/-çi
12.2 -dar
12.3 -ke?
12.4 -siz/-suz/-syz
12.5 -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk
12.6 The prefix bi-
12.7 -daky/-däki
13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires
14.0 Indicating Possibility: mümkin
15.0 -dygy/ digi
16.0 Double Verbs
16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek
16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek
16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek
16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak
1.0: Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language
The Turkmen Language belongs to the greater family of Turkic languages. The Turkic languages, together with the Mongolian and Manchu-Tungus languages, form the Altaic language group. Specifically, Turkmen is included in the sub-group of Southern Turkic languages, along with Turkish and Azeri. Among all the Turkic languages, there are similar grammatical structures, similar phonetics and some shared vocabulary.
In some ways Turkmen is an easy language to learn. Unlike Russian or Spanish, Turkmen has no genders. There are no irregular verbs. For the most parts, words are written exactly as they are pronounced. Finally, Turkmen's grammatical case system is remarkably simple once understood, and has almost no exceptions.
The greatest difficulty for beginning Turkmen speakers will probably be adapting to Turkmen's elaborate system of grammatical suffixes, or "tag words" and learning to re-order their speech so that the predicate (verb) is the last thing spoken. Also, many simple English grammatical structures (such as "to have", "to need", or "to be able to") are handled differently in Turkmen.
1.1 The Alphabets
Täze Elipbi Tkmn Cyrillic English Equivalent
Aa Aa a, as in father
Ää ‰´ a, as in cat
Bb Bb b
Çç Hh ch
Dd Dd d
Ee ?/ e, as in egg
Ff Ff f
Gg Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag"
Hh Xx h
Ii Ii ee, as in see
Jj Ú… j
Kk Kk k
Ll Ll l
Mm Mm m
Nn Nn n
Oo Oo o, as in go
Öö Øø oo, as in good (approximately)
Pp Pp p
Rr Rr r, pronounced with a trill, as in Russian or Spanish
Ss Ss s
Tt Tt t
Uu Uu u, as in flute
Üü Á¥ like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat
Ww Vv w (in Russian words, as v)
Yy Yy i, as in sit
Ÿÿ Jj y, as in yes
Zz Zz z
Ññ ?§ ng, as in song
£¡ "' zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words)
? Ww sh, as in wash
?? }] sch, as in fresh cheese (only found in Russian words)
(ÿe) Ee ye, as in yes
(ÿo) |\ yo, as in yo-yo
(ÿa) Qq ya, as in yacht
(ts) Cc ts, as in hats
1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets
The Turkmen alphabet was first written in Arabic, until about 1930, when a Latin script was introducted. The Latin script was replaced in 1940 when all Turkic people in the Soviet Union were required to adopt the Cyrillic script. Finally, in 1995, the "Täze Elipbiÿi" or New Alphabet, was formally introduced by the President to re-align Turkmenistan with the non-Soviet world. (Similar new alphabets have been introduced in Uzbekiztan and other republics.)
The New Alphabet is currently used for street signs and political slogans, but there is a severe deficit of other reading materials. Almost all Turkmen books in print use the Cyrillic alphabet, and despite the national-wide trainings that have taken place, and televised instructional programs, the New Alphabet has yet to gain popular acceptance.
1.3 Learning the New Alphabet
The new alphabet is much easier for native English speakers to read and understand than is the Cyrillic, and also seems better suited to the Turkmen language. For this reason we have used it in the grammar discussions of this text. Most all letters are pronounced more or less like their English counterparts. The unusual letters are as follows:
New Turkmen English Equivalent
Aa always the long a, as in "father"
Ää always the short a, as in "cat"
Çç ch, as in "cheese"
Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag"
Ii ee, as in see
Oo always the long o, as in go
Öö oo, as in good but rounder
Rr r, pronounced with a slight trill
Uu always the long u, as in flute
Üü like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat
Ww w, as in "water" (in Russian words, v, as in "very")
Yy i, as in sit
Ÿÿ y, as in yes
Ññ ng, as in song
£¡ zh, as in pleasure (only found in Russian words)
? sh, as in wash
1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet
The Cyrillic Alphabet is a little disorienting at first, since many of the letters seem like English counterparts, but they're actually not. The Cyrillic alphabet is also not ideally suited to Turkmen, and as a solution to this, several distinctly Turkic characters are present in the Turkmen Cyrillic alphabet that not present in Russian Cyrillic. Also, several Russian Cyrillic characters are only found in words taken from Russian.
Five characters look and sound approximately like their English counterparts. These are:
Cyrillic English
Aa long a, as in "father"
Kk k
Mm m
Oo long o, as in "go"
Tt t
The following eight characters might look like English letters, but unfortunately they're different.
Cyrillic English
Vv w, as in "water" (in Russian words, as v, as in "very")
Ss s, as in "see"
Ee at the beginning of a word, ye, as in yes (with the "y") In the middle or at the end of the word, usually as e, as in "egg"
Nn n, as in "no"
Rr r, pronounced with a trill, as in Spanish
Xx h, as in "hot", but throatier
Uu long u, as in "flute"
Á¥ like u, but pronounced with rounded lips and higher in the throat
The following 22 characters look unlike anything in seen in written English, though some bear striking resemblance to kindergarten experiments:
‰´ short a, as in "cat"
Bb b, as in "ball"
Hh ch, as in "cheese"
Dd d, as in "dog"
?/ e, as in "egg" (almost exclusively used at the beginning of words)
Ff f, as in "fire"
Gg when starting a word, voiced like the English "g" in "go". Within words, voiced like the throaty "g" in "bag"
Ii ee, as in "see"
Ú… j, as in "jump"
Ll l, as in "lye"
Øø oo, as in good, but rounder (approximately)
Pp p, as in "pi"
Yy i, as in "sit"
Jj y, as in "yes"
Zz z, as in "zoo"
?§ ng, as in "song"
"' zh, as in "pleasure" (only found in Russian words)
Ww sh, as in "wash"
}] shch, as in "fresh cheese" (only found in Russian words)
|\ yo, as in "yo-yo"
Qq ya, as in "yacht"
Cc ts, as in "hats"
1.5 Vowel Harmony
One very interesting feature of Turkmen is that all vowels can be divided into two groups, the front vowels (inçe çekimli sesler) and the back vowels (ÿogyn çekimli sesler). Front vowels are pronounced higher in the throat and are more nasal, while back vowels are pronounced lower in the throat and are more guttural. The front vowels are ä, e, i, ö, and ü. The back vowels are a, y, o, and u. The "harmony" lies in the fact that all Turkmen words of Turkic origin are pronounced either entirely with front vowels, like kädi (pumpkin) or köwü? (shoes), or with back vowels, like doganlyk (brotherhood) or mugallym (teacher). Grammatical and verb suffixes also follow vowel harmony, being divided into two groups for front-vowel words and back-vowel words. For example, the front-vowel plural suffix -ler would be added to kädi to form the word for "pumpkins," whereas the back-vowel plural suffix -lar would be added to mugallym to produce "teachers." In short, front vowels go with front vowels and back vowels with back. Subsequent suffix appendices will more completely explain applications of this rule.
Turkmen has many Russian words, such as telewizor (television) and radio (radio), that have simply been incorporated into the language. These are spelled exactly according to the original Russian and often have both front and back vowels within one word. Such is true for the numerous Turkmen words of Persian and Arabic origin, such as kitap (book), dükan (shop), and serdar (leader). In these cases, consistent with the general rule for vowel harmony in Turkmen, the final vowel of the word determines the vowel harmony for suffixation.
Verbs in Turkmen adhere consistently to vowel harmony. All verbs belong to one of two groups determined by their infinitive forms: those ending in -mak, and those ending in -mek. The suffixes for all -mak verbs have only back vowels, whereas only front vowels will be found in the suffixes of -mek verbs. Examples of this will follow in the explanations of verb tenses.
1.6 Long and Short Vowels
Another interesting feature of Turkmen is the use of long and short vowels. Short vowels are like those in English, like the a in "bar." Long vowels simply require pronouncing short vowels for the duration of two vowels. Often this difference in duration is all that distinguishes the meanings of two words, as in the pairs below:
SHORT LONG
at horse at name
gyz get excited! (imperative) gyz girl
bil know! (imperative) bil waist
ot grass ot fire
öç extinguish! (imperative) öç revenge
gurt curd, dry cheese gurt wolf, worm
dü? come down! (imperative) düÿ? dream
1.7 Vocal Transformations
Certain consonat combinations are rendered differently in spoken Turkmen than their written forms would indicate. For example, the nd of mende (on my person) is pronounced "nn" when spoken (menne). The following chart will illustrate these combinations and examples with the spoken transformations rendered in the new alphabet.
Written Spoken Written Spoken Translation_________________
n + d nn sende senne on your person
l + d ll aldym allym I took
z + d zz agyzda agyzza in the mouth
s + d ss bäsde? bäsde? rival
s + t ss üsti üssi top, surface
? + j ?? go?jak go??ak will add
z + s ss ÿazsyn ÿassyn let him write
t + s ss gitse gisse if she goes
t + ç çç parahatçylyk parahaççylyk peace
ç + s ?s açsa a?sa if it opens
ç + l ?l açlyk a?lyk hunger, famine
ç + d ?d geçdik ge?dik we passed
ç + j ?? içjek i??ek will drink
g + b gw bagban bagwan gardener
2.0 The Case System
Like Russian or German, Turkic languages have a system of grammatical cases. Cases are defined by changes that occur to a word when it is placed in different grammatical context. English has cases for personal prounouns. For example: "I see him", "He sees me". Not: "Me sees he", "Him sees I". Turkmen, however, has six cases, and these cases are used for all words, not just personal prounouns. The six Turkmen cases are: the nominative, used for the subject of the sentence; the possessive, similar to English possessives; the dative, used to show directed action; the accusative, which is similar to the English "direct object"; the time/place, which shows locality; and the instrumental, which is used to show origin.
While six cases might seem a bit overwhelming at first, it should be noted that the case suffixes simply replace our English prepositions such as "from," "at," "with," "in," "on," and "to". Also, the rules for their use are remarkably simple and inflexible, unlike those of the Russian cases.
2.1 Cases of Pronouns
These follow fairly straightforwardly from the regular case endings. The only unusual exceptions being the mutation of ol to on in all cases, and the dative pronouns maña, saña, and oña.
|Nomnative |men |sen |ol |biz |siz |olar |
| |I |you (singular |he, she, it |we |you (plural or |they |
| | |informal) | | |formal) | |
|Poss. |meniñ |seniñ |onyñ |biziñ |siziñ |olaryñ |
| |my |your |his, her, its |our |your |their |
|Dative |maña |saña |oña |bize |size |olara |
| |˜to me |˜to you |˜to him, her, it |˜to us |˜to you |˜to them |
|Accus. |meni |seni |ony |bizi |sizi |olary |
| |˜ me |˜ you |˜ him, her, it |˜ us |˜ you |˜ them |
|T/Place |mende |sende |onda |bizde |sizde |olarda |
| |˜ upon me |˜ upon you |˜ upon him, her, |˜ upon us |˜ upon you |˜ upon them |
| | | |it | | | |
|Instrum. |menden |senden |ondan |bizden |sizden |olardan |
| |˜ from me |˜ from you |˜ from him, her, |˜ from us |˜ from you |˜ from them |
| | | |it | | | |
3.0 Verbs
Like English, Turkmen has a great variety of verb tenses. Verbs in Turkmen are conjugated in plural and singular for first, second, and third persons. As in Romance languages and Russian, the subject of a sentence is often not spoken if it is obvious.
Following is a selection of verb tenses and forms. All verbs are conjugated on the model of ÿazmak, to write.
3.1a- Present Comprehensive, long form
Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazÿaryn I write/I am writing. stem +(ÿar)yn +(ÿär)in
Sen ÿazÿarysyñ You write/You are writing. stem +(ÿar)syñ +(ÿär)siñ
Ol ÿazÿar He writes/He is writing. stem +(ÿar) +(ÿär)
Biz ÿazÿarys We write/We are writing stem +(ÿar)ys +(ÿär)is
Siz ÿazÿarsyñyz You write/You are writing. stem +(ÿar)syñyz +(ÿär)siñiz
Olar ÿazÿarlar They write/They are writing. stem +(ÿar)lar +(ÿär)ler
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem:
Men ÿazmaÿaryn = I am not writing. I don't write.
Men iÿmeÿärin = I am not eating. I don't eat.
3.1b - Present Comprehensive, short form
Translates to the English Present Simple or Present Progressive
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazÿan I write/I am writing. stem +ÿan +ÿän
Sen ÿazÿañ You write/You are writing. stem +ÿañ +ÿäñ
Ol ÿazÿar He writes/He is writing. stem +ÿar +ÿär
Biz ÿazÿas We write/We are writing. stem +ÿas +ÿäs
Siz ÿazÿañyz You write/You are writing. stem +ÿañyz +ÿäñiz
Olar ÿazÿarlar They write/They are writing. stem +ÿarlar +ÿärler
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem:
Men ÿazmaÿan = I am not writing. I don't write.
Men içmeÿän = I am not drinking. I don't drink.
3.2a - Present Perfect
Translates to the English Present Perfect.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazypdyrym I have written. stem +(yp)dyrym (ip)dirim
Sen ÿazypsyñ You have written. stem +(yp)syñ (ip)siñ
Ol ÿazypdyr He/she has written. stem +(yp)dyr (ip)dir
Biz ÿazypdyrys We have written. stem +(ypdyrys (ip)diris
Siz ÿazypsyñyz You have written. stem +(yp)syñyz (ip)siñiz
Olar ÿazypdyrlar They have written. stem +(yp)dyrlar (ip)dirler
To form the negative, insert -man or -män in place of the -yp or -ip after the stem in the above endings:
Ol ÿazmandyr = He/she has not written.
Olar gelmänderler = They have not come.
3.2b - Present Perfect (neg.)/Habitual Present (neg.)
Translates to the negative English Present Perfect (or to a negative form of a "Habitual Present Tense")*, as such:
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazamok I have not written. stem +(a)mok +(e)mok
Sen ÿazañok You haven't written. stem +(a)ñok +(e)ñok
Ol ÿazanok He hasn't written. stem +(a)nok +(e)nok
Biz ÿazamzok We haven't written. stem +(a)mzok +(e)mzok
Siz ÿazañzok You haven't written. stem +(a)ñzok +(e)ñzok
Olar ÿazanoklar They haven't written. stem +(a)noklar +(e)noklar
*These forms can also indicate that a certain activity is generally not performed by the speaker:
Men ÿazamok = I don't write. (as a habit)
Men çilim çekemok = I don't smoke. (as a habit)
3.3 - Future Certain
Translates to the English Future Simple with the tone of certainty.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazjak I will write. stem +jak +jek
Sen ÿazjak You will write. stem +jak +jek
Ol ÿazjak He will write. stem +jak +jek
Biz ÿazjak We will write. stem +jak +jek
Siz ÿazjak You will write. stem +jak +jek
Olar ÿazjak They will write. stem +jak +jek
To form the negative, add -däl after the verb:
Men ÿazjak däl = I will not write.
Men gitjek däl = I will not go.
3.4 - Future Indefinite
Translates to English Future Simple with a tone of probability.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazaryn I (probably) will write. stem +(ar)yn +(er)in
Sen ÿazarsyñ You (probably) will write. stem +(ar)syñ +(er)siñ
Ol ÿazar He (probably) will write. stem +(ar) +(er)
Biz ÿazarys We (probably) will write. stem +(ar)ys +(er)is
Siz ÿazarsyñyz You (probably) will write. stem +(ar)syñyz +(er)siñiz
Olar ÿazarlar They (probably) will write. stem +(ar)lar +(er)ler
To negate, add -m after the stem, except in the third person, where -maz is used.
Men ÿazmaryn = I (probably) won't write. Ol ÿazmaz = He (probably) won't write.
Men gitmerin = I (probably) won't go. Olar gitmezler = They (probably) won't go.
3.5 - Conditional
Expresses hypothetical situations, used like the English "if". Usually followed by a statement in the Future Indefinite tense.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazsam If I write... stem +(sa)m +(se)m
Sen ÿazsañ If you write... stem +(sa)ñ +(se)ñ
Ol ÿazsa If he writes... stem +(sa) +(se)
Biz ÿazsak If we write... stem +(sa)k +(se)k
Siz ÿazsañyz If you write... stem +(sa)ñyz +(se)ñiz
Olar ÿazsalar If they write... stem +(sa)lar +(se)ler
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the verb stem.
Men ÿazmasam = If I do not write...
Men gitmesem = If I do not go.
3.6 - Past Definite
Translates to the English Past Simple.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazdym I wrote. stem +(dy)m +(di)m
Sen ÿazdyñ You wrote. stem +(dy)ñ +(di)ñ
Ol ÿazdy He wrote. stem +(dy) +(di)
Biz ÿazdyk We wrote. stem +(dy)k +(di)k
Siz ÿazdyñz You wrote. stem +(dy)ñyz +(di)ñiz
Olar ÿazdylar They wrote. stem +(dy)lar +(di)ler
To form the negative, add -ma or -me after the stem.
Men ÿazmadym = I didn't write.
Men gitmedim = I didn't go.
3.7 - Obligatory Form
Translates to English "must," "should," or "ought to" with a verb.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazmaly I must write. stem +maly +meli
Sen ÿazmaly You must write. stem +maly +meli
Ol ÿazmaly He must write. stem +maly +meli
Biz ÿazmaly We must write. stem +maly +meli
Siz ÿazmaly You must write. stem +maly +meli
Olar ÿazmaly They must write. stem +maly +meli
To form the negative, add -däl after the verb.
Men ÿazmaly däl = I must (should) not write.
Men gitmeli däl = I must (should) not go.
3.8 - Imperative Forms
In the singular and plural "you" forms, the verbs are simply rendered as commands, with the varying levels of politeness as noted below. Note that the personal pronouns are parenthetical, indicating that they are not spoken as part of the command form, but indicate to whom the command is being delivered.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEKverbs
(Sen) ÿaz! Write! stem
(Sen) ÿazyñ! Write! stem +yñ +iñ
(Sen) ÿazsana! Write, please! (polite) stem +sana +sene
(Siz) ÿazyñ Write! stem +yñ +iñ
(Siz) ÿazsañizlañ Write, please! (polite) stem +sañizlañ +señizläñ
The first person singular and plural forms translate not as commands, but more as expressions of "I'm going to," "may I," "let me," or "let us." The personal pronouns are necessary here.
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazaÿyn. May I write. stem +aÿyn +eÿin
Men geçeÿin. Let me pass.
Biz ÿazalyñ Let's write!. stem +alyñ* +eliñ*
Biz gideliñ Let's go!
*In colloquial speech, the endings are sometimes shortened to -aly and -ely.
To form the plural negative, add -ma or -me after the stem:
Hat ÿazmalyñ = Let's not write a letter.
Bazara gitmeliñ = Let's not go to the bazaar.
The third person forms are also not commands as much as they are urges or wishes, translated roughly as "let..." or "would that..."
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Ol ÿazsyn Let him write. stem +syn +sin
Ol geçsin Let him pass.
Olar ÿazsynlar Let them write! stem +synlar +sinler
Olar geçsinler Let them pass!
To form the negatives for all the above forms, add -ma or -me after the stems, according to vowel harmony:
Ol ÿazmasyn = May he not write.
Olar gitmesinler = May they not go.
3.9 - Intentional Form
Translates to the English "intend to."
Verb Form Translation Form w/ MAK verbs MEK verbs
Men ÿazmakçy I intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi
Sen ÿazmakçy You intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi
Ol ÿazmakçy He/she intends to write. stem +makçy mekçi
Biz ÿazmakçy We intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi
Siz ÿazmakçy You intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi
Olar ÿazmakçy They intend to write. stem +makçy mekçi
To form the negative, add after the verb.
Men ÿazmakçy däl = I do not intend to write.
Men gitmekçi däl = I do not intend to go.
4.0 Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are formed in Turkmen simply by using verb suffixes based on the tense and vowel harmony of the verb. Who and which, used in English to form relative clauses, are not used as such in Turkmen.
Relative clauses in the present tense are formed by adding the suffixes -ÿan and -ÿän to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively:
gelÿän adamlar = people who are coming
ÿazÿan dostum = my friend who is writing
Sentence structure is as follows:
A?gabatdan gelÿän adamlar ÿolda durdular.
from-Ashgabat-coming-people-road-at-stopped
The people who are coming from Ashgabat stopped on the road.
Kitap ÿazÿan dostum Çärjewde ÿa?aÿar.
book-writing-my friend-Charjew-in-lives
My friend who is writing a book is from Charjew.
Relative clauses in the past are formed by adding -an and -en to the stems of MAK and MEK verbs, respectively:
gelen adamlar = those who came
ÿazan dostum = my friend who has written
Sentence structure is as follows:
Tejenden gelen adamlar köp iÿdiler.
Tejen-from-came-people-much-they ate
The people who came from Tejen ate a lot.
Bu kitaby okanlar ony gowy diÿip tapdylar.
This-book-read (plural)-it-good-that-they found
Those who read this book found it (to be) good.
In the future tense, the definite future forms of the verb (-jak and -jek) form the relative clauses. There are no unique suffixes:
Biziñ klasymyzy okatjak mugallym Eÿrandan geldi.
to-our-class-will teach-teacher-from Iran-came
The teacher who will teach our class came from Iran.
Gökdepä gitjek okuwçylar duralgasynda gara?yp durlar.
to Geok Depe-will go-students-stop-at-are waiting
The students who will go to Geok Depe are waiting at the stop.
5.0 Cases and their suffixes
| |Vowel Endings |Consonant Endings |
|Nomnative |--- (no change) |--- (no change) |
| |pagta - cotton |gazan - pot |
| |Gök Depe - Goek Depe (a town) |kä?ir - carrot(s) |
|Possessive |nyñ, niñ (nuñ, nüñ) |yñ, iñ (uñ, üñ) |
| |pagtanyñ - ˜ cotton's |gazanyñ- ˜ pot's |
| |Gök Depeniñ- ˜ Goek Depe's |kä?iriñ- ˜ carrots's |
|Dative |-a,-ä or -na, -ne |-a, -e |
| |pagta - ˜ to cotton |gazana- ˜ to the pot |
| |Gök Depä- ˜ to Goek Depe |kä?ire- ˜ to the carrots |
|Accusative |ny, ni |y, i |
| |pagtany - ˜ the cotton (direct ob.) |gazany- ˜ the pot (d.o.) |
| |Gök Depeni- ˜ Goek Depe (d.o.) |kä?iri- ˜ the carrot(s) (d.o.) |
|Time/Place |da, de or nda, nde |da, de |
| |pagtada- ˜ in cotton |gazanda- ˜ in the pot |
| |Gök Depede- ˜ in Goek Depe |kä?irde- ˜ in carrots |
|Instrumental |dan, den or ndan, nden |dan, den |
| |pagtadan - ˜ from cotton |gazandan- ˜ from the pot |
| |Gök Depeden- ˜ from Goek Depe |kä?irden- ˜ from carrots |
The Nominative Case answers Kim? Who?, Näme? What? , Nire? Where? It is used for the subject of the sentence and sometimes for non-specific direct objects. Gök Depe gowy. = Goek Depe is nice.
The Possessive Case answers Kimiñ? Whose?, Nämäniñ? Of what? , Niräniñ? Of where? Itis usually used to show simple possessive relationships. Gök Depeniñ häkimligi = Goek Depe's mayor's office. However, it is sometimes used in ways unfamiliar to English speakers, most notably in prepositional contexts: Gök Depeniñ ÿanynda = by Goek Depe, near Goek Depe.
The Dative Case answers Kime? To whom?, Nämä? Towards what? To what end? , Nirä? To where? It describes a motion directed toward something. Bu awtobus Gök Depä gitÿär = This bus is going to Goek Depe. It also describes abstract direction. Maña çaÿ gerek = Tea is necessary to me. (I need tea.) Please note how the final vowels change in the following examples: (Türkmenba?y) Bu awtobus Türkmenba?a gidÿär. (Mary) Bu awtobus Mara gidÿär. (Çüli) Bu awtobus Çülä gidÿär.
The Accusative Case answers Kimi? Who?, Nämäni? What? , Niräni? Where? It is used for direct objects – things that are acted upon by the verb of the sentence. Men kä?iri kesÿärin. = I'm cutting the carrots. It carries the specificity of an English "the" and is only used when the object is definite.
The Time/Place Case answers Kimde? Upon whom?, Nämede? At what? , Nirede? Where? At what place? It translate to English in various ways depending on the context. Gök Depede ÿa?aÿaryn = I live in Goek Depe. Mende çaÿ ÿok = I don't have any tea. (on me)
The Instrumental Case answers Kimden? From who?, Nämeden? From what? , Nireden? From where? Like the English "from" it can be used to describe both physical origin, and more abstract concepts of origin. Bu köÿnek Gök Depeden/pagtadan. = This dress is from Goek Depe/ made from cotton.
5.1 Possessive Suffixes
Unlike English, the Turkmen language also adds a suffix to the object of possession. This may at times be redundant (Meniñ kakam geldi. = My father-(my) came.) but often the possessive participle is omitted (Kakam geldi. = Father-(my) came.) so the suffix alone shows possession.
|Vowel ending |Consonant Ending |Vowel ending |Consonant Ending |
|My |My |Our |Our |
|-m |-ym, -im (-um, üm) |-myz, -miz |-ymyz, -imiz |
|kakam, my father |balykym, my fish |kakamyz, our father |(-umyz, ümiz) |
|ejem, my mother |itim, my dog |ejemiz, our mother |balykymyz, our fish |
| | | |itimiz, our dog |
|Your (sing, informal) |Your (sing, informal) |Your (plural, formal) |Your (plural, formal) |
|-ñ |-yñ, -iñ (-uñ, üñ) |-ñyz, ñiz |-yñyz, -iñiz |
|kakañ, your father |balykyñ, your fish |kakañyz, your father |(-uñyz, üñiz) |
|ejeñ, your mother |itiñ, your dog |ejeñiz, your mother |balykyñyz, your fish |
| | | |itiñiz, your dog |
|His, her, its |His, her, its |Their |Their |
|-sy, -si |-y, -i |-sy, -si |y, -i |
|kakasy, her father |balyky, his fish |kakasy, their father |balyky, their fish |
|ejesi, her mother |iti, his dog |ejesi, their mother |iti, their dog |
6.0 The Absolute Posessive
meniñki mine biziñki ours
seniñki yours siziñki yours
onuñky his/hers/its olaryñky theirs
kimiñki whose? Jereniñki Jeren's
Bu meniñ kitabym=this is my book
Bu kitab meniñki=this book is mine
7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation
Turkmen contains certain pairs of nouns that are in "direct relation," or which together illustrate a concept, exist without use of the posessive suffixes. For example, the general concept of "bus stop" is rendered as awtobus duralgasy, whereas the posessive awtobusyñ duralgasy would indicate "one bus's stop." In these direct relation pairs, the first noun, in its nominative form, acts more as an adjective than a noun, specifying the genreal meaning of the two-word concept. Other examples are as such:
ma?yn ÿagy=motor oil (ma?ynyñ ÿagy=one car's oil)
miwe sogy=fruit juice (miweniñ sogy=one fruit's juice)
ÿylan deresi=snakeskin (ÿylanyñ deresi=that snake's skin)
mekdep howlysy=schoolyard (mekdebiñ howlysy=a school's yard)
Note that the second noun is in its "posessed" form with the appropriate -i, -y, -si, or -sy ending.
8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives
To form the comparative, the -dan/den suffix (than) is added to the noun being compared, and the suffix -rak or -räk is then added to the adjective. As in the following examples, the -rak/räk ending is not mandatory:
Bu üzümler ?ol üzümlerden süÿji
Bu üzümler ?ol üzümlerden süÿjiräk = These grapes are sweeter than those grapes
The -rak/räk ending can be used to indicate a comparitive idea without the actual comparative structure:
Olaryñ köÿnekleri kelteräk = Their dresses are (generally) shorter.
To form the superlative, the words iñ or has (most) are added before the adjective:
Maral meniñ iñ gowy okuwçym = Maral is my best pupil.
Bu ma?ynlardan seniñki has owadan = Of all these cars yours is the most beautiful.
Sekizinji klaslaryñ iñ ökde okuwçylaryny saÿla = Choose the most talented pupils of the eighth grade.
9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar
A. Comparisons "As... as"
Your hat is as expensive as hers. =
Seniñ ?lÿapañ hem onuñky ÿaly gymmat.
Your hat and hers as expensive.
Your dog is as big as his. =
Seniñ itiñ hem onuñky ÿaly uly.
Your dog and his as big.
Their students are as good as ours. =
Onuñ owkuwçylar hem biziñki ÿaly gowy.
Their students and ours as good.
B. I (verb) (noun) to (verb)
I want him to come. =
Onuñ gelmegini isleÿärin.
His to come I want.
She wants you to listen. =
Ol seniñ e?itmegiñi isleÿär.
She your to listen wants.
I was asking her to do so. =
Onuñ ?eÿle etmegini haÿy? edÿärdim.
Her so to do I was asking.
I want him to come. =
Onuñ gelmegini isleÿärin.
His coming I want.
10.0 Go?ylmalar
Letters, go?ylmalar, are added to verbs to change their function.
10.1: Passive
Adding these go?ylmalar changes the verb to passive voice where the doer of the sentence is unspoken.
-yl/-il; -ul/-ül; -l
Meniñ ejem uly halyny dokady.=
My mother made/wove a big carpet.
?u haly ÿüñden dokyldy.=
This carpet was made/woven from wool.
?u ÿyl iki ÿazyjy täze hekaÿalary döretdiler.
This year two writers created new stories.
¥añy-ÿakynda ?äherimiz hakynda täze go?gy döretildi.=
A new poem was written about our city.
10.2: Reflexive
Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb reflexive where the action of the sentence has its effect on the person or thing that does the action.
-yn/-in; -un/-ün; -n
Günde meniñ joralarymy görÿärin.=
I see my girlfriends everyday.
Ol i?e gidip görenip gaÿtdy.=
He went to work, showed himself and left.
Kakam paltany ma?yna söÿedi.=
My father leaned the axe against the car.
Men ardamyny diwara söÿendym.=
I leaned my back against the wall.
10.3: Reciprocal
Adding these go?ylmalar make the verb exchanged between two people or groups, or given and recieved in return.
-y?/-i?; -u?/ü?; -?
Maral jigisini gyjaklady.=
Maral hugged her little brother/sister.
Dostlar gyjakla?dylar we og?a?dylar.=
The friends hugged and kissed each other.
Sen Selbini gördüñmi?=
Did you see Selbi?
Biz göre?ip salamla?dyk.=
We saw and greeted each other.
10.4: Causitive
Adding these go?ylmalar makes the subject of the verb also the cause of an action or state.
-dyr/-dir; -dur/-dür;-yr/-ir; -ur/-ür; -uz,-üz; -ar/-er; -der/-dar; -t
Men ?u kitap bilen gyzyklanamok.=
I am not interested in this book.
Meniñ mugallymym maña Türkmen go?gularany öwrenmäge gyzyklandyrdy.-
My teacher got me interested in Turkmen poetry.
Mergen öÿe gelip derrew yatdy.=
Mergen came home and went to sleep right away.
Gül?at çagalaryny giç ÿatardy.=
Gulshat put her children to bed late.
Men Ainabady görenimde güldim.=
When I saw Ainabat, I laughed.
Ol gülkunçli dege?me aÿdanynda dostlaryny gülderdi.
He made his friends laugh when he told a funny joke.
Men ÿerde çökip gülleri ni çöpledim.=
I knelt on the ground and picked flowers.
Çopan düÿäni çökerdi.=
The shepherd made the camel kneel down.
Tomsuna hemme adama ir turÿar.=
Everyone gets up/wakes up early in the summer.
Sagat onda maña turuzsana!=
Wake me up at 10 o'clock!
Ol i?ini etdi.=
He did the work.
Ol meni holynda i?letdi.=
He made me work in the yard.
Only görmek=to see uses go?ylma -kez in its causitive form:
Olar bizi köçede gördiler.=
They saw us on the street.
Men suratlarymy jorama görkezÿärin.=
I am showing my friend my pictures.
11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, ÿatyr, dur, ÿör
Four verbs in Turkmen, oturmak, ÿatmak, durmak, and ÿörmek, have special 3rd person singular forms, otyr, ÿatyr, dur, and ÿör, respectively, that can be used alone or with compound verb structures to indicate a continuous action or the physical position of something. Personal endings are added to these 3rd person forms as such:
men otyryn men ÿatyrn men durun
sen otyrsyñ sen ÿatyrsyñ sen dursuñ
ol otyr ol ÿatyr ol dur
biz otyrys biz ÿatyrys biz durus
siz otyrsyñyz siz ÿatyrsyñyz siz dursuñyz
olar oyrlar olar ÿatyrlar olar durlar
*The 3rd person singular, ÿör, is used alone only in certain regional dialects.
Examples of the use of the three above forms are as follows:
Myrat ?u wagt ÿatyr=Myrat is sleeping now.
Meniñ dostum mugallymlar jaÿynda otyr=My friend is sitting in the teachers' room.
Ma?ynym mekdebiñiziñ öñünde dur=My car is in front of your school.
In compound structures, these verbs' meanings are retained only in that they indicate the position of the doer of the action:
Ol okap ÿatyr=He is reading. (while lying down)
Men çaÿ içip otyryn=I'm drinking tea. (while seated)
Ol taÿda toÿ gidip dur=There's a party going on over there. (in one place)
Sag-aman i?läp ÿörsiñizmi?=Are you (safely) working? (continuously)
Physical objects capable of continuous action but not movement such as cars, refrigerators, electricity, and televisions, use dur in compound structures:
Swet ÿanyp dur=The lights are on.
Holodilnik i?läp dur=The refrigerator is running.
Duhowka ÿanyp dur=The oven is hot (on).
12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes
12.1: -çy/-çi
The suffix -çy or -çi, according to vowel harmony, functions like -ist or -er in English to denote occupation, profession, or position.
i? work i?çi worker
okuw school okuwçy pupil
In certain cases where the verbs are made into nouns, the suffix becomes -jy or -ji:
diñlemek to listen diñleÿji listener
okamak to read okaÿjy reader
ÿasamak to craft ÿasaÿjy master
12.2: -dar
The suffix, -dar can make personal nouns out of other nouns. It is unaffected by vowel harmony.
bergi debt bergidar debtor
tarap side tarapdar supporter
12.3: -ke?
The suffix -ke? personalizes certain nouns indicative of a particular cistom or habit.
gybat gossip gybatke? gossipper
nas chewing tobacco naske? tobacco chewer (habitual)
çilim cigarette çilimke? smoker
12.4: -siz/-suz/-syz
The suffixes -siz, -suz, or -syz, according to vowel harmony, mean without or un-.
tertip order tertipsiz disorderly
howp danger howpsuz secure
jan spirit jansyz inanimate
12.5: -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk
These suffixes function to create abstract nouns, like -hood, -ness, or -ity in English. They adhere to vowel harmony.
gözel beautiful gözellik beauty
köp much, many köplük collective
çaga child çagalyk childhood
dost friend dostluk friendship
These suffixes can also make nouns and adjectives from numerical expressions.
bä? five bä?lik five-Manat note
bir ÿyl one year bir ÿyllyk a year's worth
on üç thirteen on üçlük bus #13
These suffixes make nouns and adjectives which show purpose.
gün day gündelik diary
ÿetmek to suffice ÿeterlik enough
el hand ellik glove
12.6: The prefix bi-
The prefix bi- expresses the idea of without-. It does not affect, nor is subject to, vowel harmony.
tarap side bitarap neutral
günä sin bigünä innocent
The above forms can then combine with the -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk forms to form nouns.
bitaraplyk neutrality
bigünälik innocence
12.7: -daky/-däki
These suffixes adhere to the rules of vowel harmony and act as adjective clauses do in English, as in the following examples:
Men ?ol kinodaky gyzy halamok.
I don't like the girl in that film.
Tejendäki mugallymlar biziñ ÿygnagymyza gelÿärler.
The teachers from Tejen are coming to our meeting.
A?gabatdaky çörek biziñkiden gowy.
The bread in Ashgabat is better than ours.
Öÿüñizdäkilere köp salam aÿt!
Say "hi" to those at your house.
10njy "A" klasdaky okuwçylaryñ tertibi gowy däl.
The pupils of the 10th "A" class are not well behaved.
Eliñdäkini aÿyr!
Get rid of what's in your hand!
Parkyñ içindäki gazly suw ?äherimiziñ iñ gowysy.
The juice in the park is the best in our city.
Mekdebiñ ÿanyndaky howlyda toÿ bar.
There's a party in the yard next to the school.
Men ?u köÿnekdäki ÿakany gowy görÿärin.
I like the yoke (collar) of this dress.
Öten ÿyldaky hasyl bu ÿylydakydan köpdi.
Last year's harvest was more than this year's.
13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires
Although in Turkmen there is a way to express a wish to do something that parallels the English use of infinitives, such as Men çaÿ içmek isleÿärin (I want to drink tea), a far more common way to express desires involves a construction unlike any in English, utilizing the verb gelmek as a helping verb: Meniñ çaÿ içesim gelÿär (My-tea-drinking-comes).This would roughly translate as "I want to drink tea." or "I feel like drinking tea." The main verb içmek has the personal ending -esim added to the stem, with gelmek in the 3rd person singular, gelÿär. Note the use of posessive pronouns rather than personal pronouns in the following charts:
-mak verbs
meniñ ÿat-asym gelÿär I'd like to sleep
seniñ ÿat-asyñ gelÿär You'd like to sleep
onuñ ÿat-asy gelÿär He'd like to sleep
biziñ ÿat-asymyz gelÿär We'd like to sleep
siziñ ÿat-asyñyz gelÿär You'd like to sleep
olaryñ ÿat-asy gelÿär They'd like to sleep
-mek verbs
meniñ iç-esim gelÿär I'd like to drink
seniñ iç-esiñ gelÿär You'd like to drink
onuñ iç-esi gelÿär He'd like to drink
biziñ iç-esimiz gelÿär We'd like to drink
siziñ iç-esiñiz gelÿär You'd like to drink
olaryñ iç-esi gelÿär They'd like to drink
The negative is formed by changing the gelÿär to gelmeÿär or gelenok:
Meniñ hiç zady iÿesim gelenok. I don't feel like eating anything.
The past tense is also possible, as such:
Meniñ bir zady bilesim geldi. I wanted to know something.
14.0 Indicating Possibility: mümkin
The word mümkin is used to indicate possibility or to ask permission for an action, using infinitive verbs, such as:
Çilim çekmek mümkinmi? Is it possible to smoke? (May I smoke?)
Girmek mümkinmi? May I come in?
Jañ etmek mümkinmi? May I make a call?
Grammatically, it can be used to signify "may" or "might," as in:
Men ertir siziñ mekdebiñize geläÿmegim mümkin.
I might come to your school tomorrow.
Men hat ÿazaÿmagym mümkin.
I might write a leter.
-mak verbs
men ÿaz-aÿmagym mümkin I might write
sen ÿaz-aÿmagyñ mümkin you might write
ol ÿaz-aÿmagy mümkin he/she might write
biz ÿaz-aÿmagymyz mümkin we might write
siz ÿaz-aÿmagyñyz mümkin you might write
olar ÿaz-aÿmagy mümkin they might write
-mek verbs
men gel-äÿmegim mümkin I might come
sen gel-äÿmegiñ mümkin you might come
ol gel-äÿmegi mümkin he/she might come
biz gel-äÿmegimiz mümkin we might come
siz gel-äÿmegiñiz mümkin you might come
olar gel-äÿmegi mümkin they might come
The negative is formed as such:
Men ertir mekdebiñize gelmezligim mümkin.
I might not come to your school tomorrow.
Men hat ÿazmazlygym mümkin.
I might not write a letter.
-mak verbs
men ÿaz-mazlygym mümkin I might write
sen ÿaz-mazlygyñ mümkin you might write
ol ÿaz-mazlygy mümkin he/she might write
biz ÿaz-mazlygymyz mümkin we might write
siz ÿaz-mazlygyñyz mümkin you might write
olar ÿaz-mazlygy mümkin they might write
-mek verbs
men gel-mezligim mümkin I might come
sen gel-mezligiñ mümkin you might come
ol gel-mezligi mümkin he/she might come
biz gel-mezligimiz mümkin we might come
siz gel-mezligiñiz mümkin you might come
olar gel-mezligi mümkin they might come
15.0 -dygy/ digi
Men oña alty-da geljekdigimi aÿtdym.
I told him I would come at 6:00.
Siz maña näme isleÿändigiñizi aÿdyñ.
Tell me what you want.
Ol maña köp zat öwrenÿändigini aÿtdy.
He told me he's learning a lot.
Ol maña seniñ gelendigiñi aÿtdy.
She told me that you came (had come).
Köwü?iñ bahasynyñ näçcdigini aÿdyp biljekmi?
Can you tell me how much your shoes cost?
Mugallymyñ nirededigini bilÿärsiñmi?
Do you know where the teacher is?
Men ol gyzyñ menden ulydygyny bilÿärin.
I know that girl is taller than I.
Men seniñ kitabyñ meniñkiden gowydygyny bilÿärin.
I know your book is better than mine.
Biz ?u kitabyñ sözlükdigini bilÿäris.
We know this book is a dictionary.
16.0 Double Verbs
Whereas in English we conjugate all verbs and place "and" between them when two actions are done at once or at relatively the same time, Turkmen employs a structure that puts the two verbs together. The first verb is reduced to its stem and the participial ending -yp or -ip, according to vowel harmony, is added. The ending of the second verb determines the doer of the action indicated, as below.
Men düÿn nahar iÿip ÿatdym.
Yesterday I ate and went to sleep.
Men radio diñläp hat ÿazÿaryn.
I'm listening to the radio and writing a letter.
This form may be used to express an action which has been or will be completed before the expressed action of the second verb:
Biz iÿip gelÿäris.
We ate before coming. (lit. We–eat-come)
Nahar iÿip okuwa gidiñ!
Eat before going to school. (lit. Food-eat-to-school-go)
Swedi öçürip gaÿt.
Go turn off the light. (lit. Light-turn off-come back)
The participlial -ip and -yp endings have negative counterparts, -män and -man, also added to the stem of the first verb
Çagalar iÿmän okuwa gitdiler.
The children went without eating.
Okuwçylar okaman sapaga gelÿärler.
The pupils come to the lesson without studying.
16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek
A modal structure involving bilmek is used to convey the idea of being able to do something.
Men Türkmençe okap bilÿärin = I can read Turkmen
Ol Rusça ÿazyp bilenok = He can't write Russian
Biz bazara gidip biljek däl = We won't be able to go to the bazaar
16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek
A modal structure involving bermek is used to express the doing of an action for someone:
Men size jaÿy salyp berdim = I built a house for you
?ol gapyny ÿapyp bermesene = Don't close that door
?ol käsäni saña alyp bererin = I'll give you that teacup
According to vowel harmony the main verb's stem is followed by the participial ending -yp or -ip, and bermek appears according to the doer of the action and the tense.
16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek
A modal structure involving görmek is used to express the idea of trying to do something, or the idea of doing-and-seeing:
Bu nahary datyp gör = Try this food
Men pikir edip göreÿin = Let me think about it (and see)
?ol köÿnegi geÿip gördi = She tried on that dress
16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak
A modal structure involving the future tense and bolmak is used to indicate the idea of being about to do something:
Sen ÿatjak bolÿañmy? = Are you about to sleep?
Olar saña jañ etjek bolÿarlar = They're about to call you
Gara?yñ, men iÿjek bolÿaryn = Wait, I'm going to (about to) eat
References
The following works were used in preparing this dictionary:
A. Almammedov, R. Nazarov. English-Turkmen Dictionary. - Magaryph Publishers. Ashgabad. 1989. 10,000 words from English to Turkmen.
P. Azimova. Turkmenche-Ruscha Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1988. 9000 words from Turkmen to Russian. Our main reference text.
B. Chariyarova. Bolshoy Russko-Turkmenskiy Slovar. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1987. 77,000 entries in two volumes, translations from Russian to Turkmen.
B. Jumageldieva, G. Sopieva. Turkmenche-Ruscha Gysgalzha Tematik Sozlugi. - Ashgabad "Ilham". 1994. 75 pages of thematic word lists, listing Russian and Turkmen.
B. Meskutova. Ruscha-Turkmenche Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1982. 5000 words from Russian to Turkmen.
M. Soyegov, N. Rejepov. Taze Turkmen Elipbi. - Ashgabat "Ruh". 1993. An introduction to the new Turkmen alphabet for Turkmen speakers.
M. Wheeler. The Oxford Russian-English Dictionary. - New York "Oxford University Press". 1992. 82,000 entries from Russian to English.
The following additional works were used as references in preparing the brief grammatical appendix:
R. Nepesova, O. Yaslydeva. Let's Speak English. - Ashgabat "Ilim". 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.
Peace Corps Turkmenistan. Turkmen. - Ashgabad. 1995. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
N. Rejepov. Turkmenskiy Yazik. - Ashgabad "Magarif". 1993. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.
A. Retman, R. Retman. Let's Learn to Speak English. - Ashgabat. 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.
Turkmen Language Project. Turkmen Language Course. - Indiana University. 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
D. Tyson, L. Clark. Turkmen Language Manual, 2nd Edition. - "U.S. Peace Corps". 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
J. Yagmirov. Turkmen Dilini Owrenyeris. - Ashabad "Ilim". 1993. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- english to english grammar
- english to english dictionary download
- english to english synonyms dictionary
- spanish to english and english to spanish
- english to japanese english words
- english to english dictionary
- translation english to english dictionary
- english to english meaning
- english to english dictionary for windows 10
- american english to british english converter
- english to japanese in english text
- american english british english words