World History
The Gunpowder Empires: Ottomans, Safavids, and Moguls 1450-1800Background and Directions: Three Muslim empires, each united by the Islamic religion and its ruling dynasty, reached the height of their power at different times between 1450 and 1800. All three empires created brilliant cultures and societies that rivaled the major accomplishments and characteristics of Europe and East Asia. Therefore, in order to study each empires accomplishments and characteristics, you and your “study buddy” will use your textbook and any accurate and available online resources to complete the questions posed in these skeletal notes. Each section is expected to be completed at the end of each period and will be assessed and discussed as a class. The OttomansExamine the map above and identify the territories that the Ottomans controlled.The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks served as a turning point in history for the Ottoman Empire and Europe, explain how:The Ottoman Empire became stronger:? European trade with Asia was effected as a result of the fall of Constantinople and what was there response:? The Centralized Ottoman System is very similar to the European absolute systems that we studied in Chapter 5Centralized Ottoman GovernmentExplain the roles of each underlined individual in the Ottoman Political SystemSultan: Grand Vizier Empire was divided into districts in which an official with the help of a Pasha governed each province. Pasha:Strong Military System: Janissary CorpsFrom where were the soldiers of the Janissary Corp formed? Transformed into Muslim Soldiers trained, paid, and equipped very well to be loyal to the ______?What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire: What was the Topkapi PalaceReligious ControlSultan claimed to be Caliph of Sunni Muslim ReligionWhat is a Caliph: How did the Ottoman Millet System work: _______________________________________________________Exemplified Religious Toleration from OttomansSocial StatusRuling Elite were atopDescribe all other individuals below: Peasants: Aristans: Merchants:The Merchant was well respected and valuedPastoral People:Culture:Great appreciation for Art and ArchitectureFacilitated and Patronized their developmentGreatest Products?: What factors led to the Decline and Disintegration of the Ottomans_________ and __________fought over controlCorruption from Bureaucratic positions headed by family not __________ officialsConstant and Failed Warfare to expand territory drained _______________Appearance of Western (European) culture, such as the use of tobacco and coffee emerged and were resisted by traditional authoritiesEconomic decline in trade as European products were cheaper due to the high standards and prices dictated by Ottoman ___________. The Safavid Empire the map above and identify territories that made up the Safavid EmpireSavafid Empire was Established by Shah _______ of the _____ Muslim FaithDifficult to Absolutely Centralize PowerMixed Society between numerous Turkish ______ and Safavid _______Shah Abbas successfully modernized and strengthened militaryEffective Royal officials were chosen based on _______ and not _______Established Royal City of _________Safavid promoted and expanded the ______ FaithPromoted substantial economic activity through _________Explain these “markets”: However, The Safavid were not as successful as the Ottomans and Moguls, WHY?Religious Setbacks due to ___________________Forced conversion, exile, persecution of SunniSuppressed intellectual and cultural freedomsEx: women were forced to wear veilsWhy were the Safavid were Economically Disadvantaged: Answer: Mogul EmpireExamine the map above and identify territories that make up the Mogul Empire:Foundation of Moghul Empire was founded by “__________” and his grandson “______________”(Territorial Expansion) Consolidated many fragmented Hindu and Muslim Kingdoms into an empire through the use of a strong military force that utilized ____________ and crafty negotiation.Pinnacle of Mogul Dynasty: Shah Akbar and ToleranceHow did Shah Akbar Stress Religious Tolerance: How did Shah Akbar incorporate Hindu’s in his Government?Explain Zamindars:Economics:Foreign trade was promoted as Indian textiles and spices were highly popular in Europe and exchanged for gold and silverTaxes were also fairly applied to peasants, such as a total of 33% of income, which could be reduced or eliminated during times of famine and hardship.Cultural BlendingHindus adopted portions of Islamic culture such as isolating women, but also tried to retain their own cultural practices such as the suttee that was banned by the Muslims.Explain the practice of the SutteeBlend of Architecture also created one of the most beautiful buildings in the world: The Taj MahalLocate and insert a picture of the Taj Mahal HereWhy was the Taj Mahal constructed?Tomb for Shah Jahan’s deceased wifeMogul Decline: Shah AurangzebHow did the pursuit of Territorial Expansion facilitate the Mogul decline: Describe Shah Aurangzeb’s Policies of Intolerance toward Hindus Created a very divided empire between Muslims and Hindus that was susceptible to European InterferenceDescribe the British East India Company Presence in IndiaWhat is a joint stock company? What powers did this company have? What impact did this company’s policies have on the Hindu and Muslim societies? ................
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