Plain Talk about Childhood Immunization

PLAIN TALK

ABOUT CHILDHOOD

IMMUNIZATION

This 2018 edition was developed and edited by the following public and private organizations: Washington State Department of Health

Immunization Action Coalition of Washington (WithinReach) Public Health ? Seattle & King County Snohomish Health District Spokane Regional Health District

This publication was made possible, in part, by cooperative agreement #IP000762 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

For persons with disabilities, this document is available on request in other formats. To submit a request, please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDD/TTY call 711).

A MESSAGE TO PARENTS

Dear Parents:

Thank you for your interest in learning more about immunizations. As parents, we make important decisions that affect our children. Immunizing your child is one of these decisions.

We all want to make good choices and do what's best for our children. As a community, we must protect our own health and work together to protect each other's health. Choosing to immunize is one of the most important decisions you can make to protect yourself, your children, your family, and the community from diseases that vaccines prevent. These diseases still occur in our communities. In 2012, Washington State had an epidemic of whooping cough, with more cases than we've had since the 1940s. Washington also had a mumps outbreak in 2016-2017 and measles outbreaks in 2008, 2014, and 2015, including one death in 2015.

We want parents to make informed health decisions based on accurate information. There is an overwhelming amount of vaccine-related material out there and we know that parents, healthcare professionals, school nurses, child care providers, and others want information that is accurate, trustworthy, and clear. This booklet provides accurate information about how vaccines work, gives balanced information on the benefits and risks of immunization to help you make informed decisions, and discusses the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. It also gives you reliable facts about immunizations and the diseases they prevent and sets the record straight about topics that are often misunderstood or reported inaccurately.

We designed this booklet as an easy-to-use reference for busy parents. Each section can be read independently, so it's easy to review an individual topic as you have time. We present much of the information in a question-and-answer format, although you may have questions that are not addressed in the booklet. We encourage you to share your concerns with your doctor, nurse, clinic, or local health department. The Washington State Department of Health website (doh.immunization) is also full of information that can help you.

I hope this booklet will help as you make informed health decisions for your family. Your child's health, and the health of our community, depends on it.

Sincerely,

Kathy Lofy, MD State Health Officer

PLAIN TALK ABOUT CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Immunizations Save Lives .......................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Facts about Diseases that Vaccines Prevent .............................................................. 9 Chapter 3: How Vaccines Work ................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 4: Vaccine Safety ......................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 5: Vaccine Ingredients ................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 6: Compare the Risks ................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 7: Q&A About Specific Vaccines ................................................................................. 27 Chapter 8: Legal Requirements ................................................................................................. 34 Chapter 9: To Wait or Not to Wait ............................................................................................. 35 Chapter 10: Adolescent Health Visit ......................................................................................... 37 Chapter 11: Adults Need Vaccines Too! .................................................................................... 38 Chapter 12: Evaluating Immunization Information on the Internet .............................................. 39 Chapter 13: Personal Stories ..................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 14: Glossary ................................................................................................................. 45 Chapter 15: References ............................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 16: Resources .............................................................................................................. 50

1. Immunizations Save Lives

Immunizations are one of the greatest medical success stories in human history because they have saved millions of lives and prevented illness and lifelong disability for millions more. We can prevent many serious childhood diseases by using vaccines routinely recommended for children. Since the introduction of these vaccines, rates of diseases, such as meningitis (caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b), polio, rubella, and diphtheria have declined by 95 to 100 percent. Before we had vaccines, hundreds of thousands of children got infected and thousands died in the U.S. each year from these diseases. Without vaccines, or if not enough people are immunized, serious disease outbreaks can and do happen. The following data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show dramatic declines in diseases that vaccines prevent since routine childhood vaccination began in the U.S.

Disease

Smallpox Diphtheria Pertussis (whooping cough) Tetanus Polio (paralytic) Measles Mumps Rubella Congenital Rubella Syndrome Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)

Number of Cases Per Year Before Vaccine Was Widely Used1

29,005

21,053

200,752

U.S. Reported Cases in 20162

0 0 15,737

580 16,316 530,217 162,344 47,745

152

33 0

69 5,311

5 1

20,000

22

Percent Decrease

100% 100%

92%

94% 100% > 99%

97% > 99%

99%

99%

Immunizations Are Strong Protection

Immunization is the single most important way parents can protect their children against serious diseases. The decision to immunize your child is an important one. Consider the following when making your decision.

Immunize to: ? Prevent common diseases. Some common diseases in the U.S. are also very serious, like

whooping cough, flu, and rotavirus. If you decide not to immunize, there is a risk that your baby won't be protected from serious and sometimes deadly diseases. ? Prevent diseases that exist at low levels in the U.S. but could easily come back. Some diseases, like measles and mumps, still occur in our country at low levels. When fewer people get immunized against these diseases, outbreaks can happen.

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