THE 100 MOST INFLUENTIAL SCIENTISTS OF All TIME
[Pages:361]Published in 2010 by Britannica Educational Publishing (a trademark of Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc.) in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC 29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010.
Copyright ? 2010 Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclop?dia Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.
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First Edition
Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Kara Rogers: Senior Editor, Biomedical Sciences
Rosen Educational Services Jeanne Nagle: Senior Editor Nelson S?: Art Director Introduction by Kristi Lew
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The 100 most influential scientists of all time / edited by Kara Rogers.--1st ed. p. cm.--(The Britannica guide to the world's most influential people)
"In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services." Includes index. ISBN 978-1-61530-040-2 (eBook) 1. Science--Popular works. 2. Science--History--Popular works. 3. Scientists-- Biography--Popular works. I. Rogers, Kara. II. Title: One hundred influential scientists of all time. Q162.A15 2010 509.2'2--dc22
2009026069
On the cover: Discoveries such as Einstein's theory of relativity--shown in original manuscript form--are hallmarks of the genius exhibited by the world's most influential scientists. Jon Levy/AFP/Getty Images
CONTENTS
Introduction
8
Asclepius
17
Hippocrates
18
Aristotle
22
Pliny the Elder
26
Ptolemy
29
Galen of Pergamum
32
Avicenna
36
Roger Bacon
37
Leonardo da Vinci
40
Nicolaus Copernicus
46
Paracelsus
50
Andreas Vesalius
54
Tycho Brahe
57
Giordano Bruno
59
Galileo
63
Johannes Kepler
69
William Harvey
74
Robert Boyle
79
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
81
Robert Hooke
84
John Ray
85
Sir Isaac Newton
88
Carolus Linnaeus
93
Henry Cavendish
97
Joseph Priestley
101
Luigi Galvani
105
Sir William Herschel
108
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier 112
Pierre-Simon Laplace
116
Edward Jenner
120
John Dalton
123
Georges Cuvier
126
30 65
90
Alexander von Humboldt Andr?-Marie Amp?re Amedeo Avogadro Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac Sir Humphry Davy J?ns Jacob Berzelius John James Audubon Michael Faraday Sir Charles Lyell Louis Agassiz Charles Darwin Sir Francis Galton Gregor Mendel Louis Pasteur Alfred Russel Wallace William Thomson Joseph Lister James Clerk Maxwell Dmitry Ivanovich
Mendeleyev Ivan Petrovich Pavlov A.A. Michelson Robert Koch Sigmund Freud Max Planck Nettie Maria Stevens William Bateson Pierre Curie Marie Curie Henrietta Swan Leavitt Ernest Rutherford Carl Jung Albert Einstein Alfred Lothar Wegener Sir Alexander Fleming Niels Bohr
129 134 138 142 145 149 154 155 162 164 167 175 178 183 189 192 195 199
202 205 208 211 215 222 226 227 228 231 235 237 242 244 252
253 247
256
186
Erwin Schr?dinger
260
Selman Abraham Waksman 263
Edwin Powell Hubble
264
Linus Pauling
267
Enrico Fermi
271
Margaret Mead
276
Barbara McClintock
278
Leakey Family
280
George Gamow
285
J. Robert Oppenheimer
287
Hans Bethe
291
Maria Goeppert Mayer
294
Rachel Carson
295
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
297
Luis W. Alvarez
300
Alan M. Turing
302
Norman Ernest Borlaug
306
Jonas Edward Salk
308
Sir Fred Hoyle
310
Francis Harry Compton Crick 311
James Dewey Watson
313
Richard P. Feynman
315
Rosalind Franklin
318
Edward O. Wilson
320
Jane Goodall
323
Sir Harold W. Kroto
325
Richard E. Smalley
326
Robert F. Curl, Jr.
327
Stephen Jay Gould
328
Stephen W. Hawking
330
J. Craig Venter
332
Francis Collins
335
Steven Pinker
337
Glossary
339
For Further Reading
341
Index
343
296 330
307
INTRODUCTION
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