PDF Word Frequency List of American English
1
Word Frequency List of American English
Mark Davies and Dee Gardner
? 2010
These are sample entries (every seventh word, from word #35 on) from the word frequency lists
that are based on the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The full list is available in PDF
eBook format -- $19.95 for the 5,000 word list, $29.95 for 10,000 words, and $39.95 for the full
20,000 word list (nearly 2,000 pages).
Standard introduction
This word frequency list is based on the 400+ million word Corpus of Contemporary American
English (COCA), which is the only large, recent, and genre-balanced corpus of American English. Due
to the characteristics of the corpus on which the data is based, you can be sure that the words that
you find here are ones that you would encounter in the "real world". Because the entries are
arranged in order of frequency, you can maximize your study of English vocabulary in a way that is
probably not available with any other resource.
Other frequency lists are available from . These include frequency and
collocates lists that contain 200-300 collocates for each word (compared to the 20-30 here), for a
total of about 5,000,000 collocates for the 20,000 word list. Unlike this PDF version, the expanded
collocates lists allow you to edit, copy from, and print from the files. On the other hand, those
versions are not formatted as nicely as what you have here, they are more expensive, and they are
designed mainly for use by (computational) linguists.
In addition to the frequency lists, you can also purchase complete 2-gram and 3-gram lists from the
entire 400 million word corpus, containing more than 100 million n-grams. You can also purchase a
printed (book) version of the entries 1-5,000, which was published by Routledge in 2010 as the
Frequency Dictionary of American English: word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists.
Finally, a note on accuracy. We believe that the frequency list itself (the words #1-5,000, 10,000 or
20,000) is very accurate -- probably more so than any other frequency list of English. In addition, the
more than 100,000 collocates for words 1-5,000 have been corrected manually, although there are
undoubtedly a few remaining problems. There are more than 250,000 collocates for the 10,000
word list and more than 500,000 collocates for the 20,000 word list. Because of the number of
collocates, these have not been checked individually for accuracy, although many efforts have been
made to correct the list as a whole.
If you would like to see detailed information on the composition of the corpus, and details on
exactly how the frequency list was created (tokenization, part of speech tagging, lemmatization,
frequency and dispersion calculations, extracting collocates, etc), please see the introductory
material in the book sample.
Thank you for purchasing this frequency list. We hope that it will be a useful tool for you in your
study, teaching, and research of English.
2
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
PART OF SPEECH INDEX
verb noun adjective adverb function word
(Note: use ALT ¡û to return to indexes from frequency-based entries)
Format of frequency-based entries
Rank frequency (1, 2, 3, ¡), lemma, part of speech
Collocates
(¡ñ Synonyms, when available)
Raw frequency, dispersion (0.00 ¨C 1.00), (register variation: Spoken, Fiction, Magazines, Newspapers, Academic)
Note that the collocates are grouped by part of speech and ordered by frequency (most frequent first). The * ? +
symbol indicates pre/post placement with regards to the headword.
35 go v
noun ?bed, ?bathroom, ?mile, ?nut, ?berserk, jail misc
?through, let?, ?home, ?away, ?happen, ?ahead, ?beyond,
?sleep, ?anywhere, ?crazy
on what?, ?inside, list?, ?forever, hell?, fighting?, ?length,
?usual, heck?, ?indefinitely off bomb?, alarm?, siren?,
beeper?, bulb?, pager?, ?tangent, firework?, flashbulb?,
firecracker? back let?, ?home, ?forth, ?sleep, ?inside,
?upstairs, ?downstairs, ?jail up ?flame, ?smoke, curtain?,
cheer?, eyebrow?, ?dramatically, roar?,
?chimney down sun?, ?tube, swelling?, ?breakfast,
Titanic out ?dinner, ?public, party, breakfast
¡ñ leave, go away || travel, move || work, run || reach,
extend || become, get || die, pass away
1151045 | 0.93 S
42 her a
she, ?she, hand, mother, ?eye, ?husband, ?own, ?head,
tell?, ?face, ?father, hair, arm, ?daughter
969591 | 0.91 F
49 as i
well, such?, much?, long?, such?, far?, same?, ?result,
?part, ?though, soon?, serve?, ?possible, describe?
¡ñ in the role of, in the function of, having the status of,
being
829018 | 0.95
56 think v
noun people, thing, lot, reason, moment, mistake,
nonsense, coincidence, retrospect misc I?, you, do?, we,
?about, what, well, really, ?important, maybe, probably,
ever, everybody, anybody, frankly
through ?problem, carefully, ?consequence,
?implication, ?situation, opportunity? up ?idea, ?name,
?excuse, whoever?, clever, ?creative back when, ?over
¡ñ reason, contemplate, reflect, ponder || believe, feel,
consider, deem
772787 | 0.91 S
63 take v
noun ?place, ?care, ?look, ?step, ?advantage, action,
?break, picture, ?account, ?risk, position, month,
?responsibility, ?course, approach misc long, ?away,
?seriously, home, ?deep
off ?clothes, ?shoe, plane?, ?hat, ?shirt, ?coat, ?jacket,
?glass, career? out ?loan, ?ad, pocket, ?wallet, ?garbage,
?cigarette, ?trash, ?handkerchief, ?full-page on ?role,
?responsibility, ?meaning, ?task, ?challenge,
?significance, ready?, ?importance up ?space, ?residence,
?position, ?arm, ?cause, ?slack, ?challenge,
?golf over communist?, instinct?, ?CEO
¡ñ remove, appropriate || grasp, grab || carry, fetch ||
conquer, capture || choose, select || accompany, bring
|| undertake, adopt || bear, stand || support, hold up
|| contain, hold || study, learn || consider, look at ||
require, need || derive, draw || presume, assume ||
succeed, work || subtract, deduct
670745 | 0.97
3
70 come v
noun ?term, ?conclusion, minute, ?grip, ?stop, ?rescue,
?stair, me, ?realization, announcement?, verdict, reply,
?fruition, knock, ?prominence misc ?from, when?, ?here,
?home, next, ?together, ?along, ?close, ?forward, soon,
?surprise, ?closer, ?alive, ?clean, tomorrow
up ?next, sun?, ?short, graphics, ?empty-handed,
?renewal, ?parole out ?clean, ?support, toothpick?,
?favor, ?publicly, paperback down ?pike, ?aisle,
?breakfast, ?chimney on oh?, honey, aw?,
?sweetheart back when?, ?haunt, ?anytime
¡ñ arrive, appear, turn up || happen, occur, take place
|| approach, move toward, draw closer || originate,
hail from, derive || reach, extend, stretch
628254 | 0.95
77 then r
back, again, ?turn, since?, until, minute?, ?suddenly,
second?, pause, ?slowly, hesitate?, first?, ?sudden,
briefly
¡ñ at that time, at that moment, at that point || next,
afterward, subsequently || in that case, so, therefore
|| on the other hand, but then, then again || and, in
addition, too
543977 | 0.95
84 way n
adj only, best, long, different, better, easy, wrong,
effective noun people, life, thing, ?thinking, variety?,
harm? verb find?, change, act, pave?, behave, explore,
clear?, interpret, block, alter
¡ñ method, means || condition, circumstances ||
example, feature || custom, style || route, road ||
street, avenue
470401 | 0.98
91 more d
?than, ?year, much?, any, ?million, little?, ?information,
percent, ?money, spend?, ?half, nothing?, lot?, ?hour
420170 | 0.97
98 give v
noun money, ?opportunity, ?birth, name, information,
?look, ?credit, ?sense, advice, ?idea, speech, ?rise,
attention, ?example, ?choice misc ?away, willing?, ?quick,
?extra, ?damn, ?time, freely, charitable, generously
up never?, ?hope, ?run, finally?, willing?, refuse?,
?control, ready?, ?fight, ?hit out ?information, award,
knee?, ticket, ?condom in finally?, ?temptation, refuse?
¡ñ provide, contribute || grant, bestow || impart,
convey || perform, put on || devote, dedicate || yield,
collapse
384503 | 0.98
105 very r
?much, ?good, ?well, ?important, ?difficult, ?little,
?different, ?hard, ?few, ?close, ?strong, ?clear, ?nice,
?interesting
¡ñ extremely, incredibly, awfully, exceptionally,
exceedingly, especially
391821 | 0.92 S
112 through i
run?, pass?, ?door, walk?, ?window, process, air,
?interpreter, ?glass, hole, ?crowd, ?gate, ?forest, ?wood
¡ñ across, past, throughout || during, throughout,
during the course of || via, out of, by way of ||
because of, owing to, due to
340921 | 0.98
119 may v
noun factor, transcript?, finding?, difficulty, symptom,
adolescent, clue, indication, counselor? misc able, able,
although, although, suggest, suggest, cause, cause,
sound, sound, contain, contain, affect, soon, affect
¡ñ might, could, possibly will, may well, may perhaps,
may possibly
324569 | 0.95
126 still r
?alive, ?ahead, ?exist, large, ?struggle, ?plenty, ?asleep,
?intact, perfectly?, ?unknown, ?unclear, ?reel, ?pending,
?infancy
¡ñ even now, even so, in spite of everything, be that as
it may, nevertheless, nonetheless
296953 | 0.97
133 too r
?much, ?many, far, ?late, ?long, little, ?often, ?bad, ?soon,
?fast, ?busy
¡ñ also, as well, in addition, besides || excessively,
overly, extremely, exceedingly
280396 | 0.96
4
140 between i
difference?, ?two, relationship?, connection?,
distinction?, relation?, link?, gap?, correlation?,
significant?, line, conflict?, tension?, interaction?
¡ñ flanked by, sandwiched between, stuck between,
amid || connecting, linking, joining, involving
264158 | 0.94 A
147 family n
adj whole, extended, royal, entire, poor, nuclear,
immediate, wealthy, middle-class, low-income noun
member, friend, child, life, ?history, support, parent,
?planning verb live, raise, own, visit, gather, feed ?,
belong, extend, reunite, ?flee
¡ñ relations, relatives, folks || ancestors, descendants,
dynasty || species, genus, type
243267 | 0.97
154 mean v
noun ?disrespect, compliment misc really, ?anything,
?nothing, necessarily?, exactly, absolutely, obviously,
literally, deal, basically, ?harm, though?, interpret?,
phrase, insult
¡ñ denote, signify, indicate || intend, propose, aim ||
require, lead to, necessitate
242198 | 0.93 S
161 same d
?time, ?as, ?thing, ?way, much?, ?kind, ?period, exactly?,
share?, ?true, ?amount, apply, ?size, exact?
222836 | 0.98
168 talk v
noun ?phone, hour, ?politics, reporter, ?stranger,
neighbor, ?me, trash, counselor, ?nonsense, ?specific,
?whisper, ?smack, pollster, headset misc ?about, let?,
listen, someone, everybody, nobody?, somebody,
anybody, willing?, refuse?, welcome?, ?anymore,
?openly, ?loud, ?publicly
¡ñ communicate, speak, chat || converse, debate,
compare notes || confess, betray, rat
229429 | 0.92 S
175 might v
noun possibility?, clue, indication?, speculation?, Dr,
cynic?, telling?, criteria?, Iraqi?, skeptic? misc well, as,
able, expect, consider, suggest, otherwise, wonder,
whatever, imagine, fear, afraid, affect, worry, useful
¡ñ may, could, possibly will, may well, may perhaps, may
possibly
209059 | 0.98
182 over r
take?, ?year, ?there, turn?, ?again, walk?, hand?, all?,
?shoulder, million, roll?, pull?, lean?
208260 | 0.95
189 company n
adj big, small, major, pharmaceutical, financial, foreign,
holding, electric, independent, Canadian noun
insurance?, oil?, business, stock, drug?, phone?,
executive, employee, record, tobacco? verb sell, ?pay,
own, ?offer, ?operate, ?plan, found, ?announce, force,
form
¡ñ business, corporation, firm || companionship,
friendship, camaraderie || group, band, party ||
visitors, guests, friends || theater company, troupe,
theater group
203345 | 0.93
196 so c
?can, me, OK?, kind, touch, okay?, mm-hmm?
191893 | 0.95
203 small j
noun town, group, business, number, amount,
company, size, child, room, part, piece, house misc
large, relatively?, ?rural, ?wooden, ?round, chop,
?medium, fairly?, ?medium-sized
¡ñ little, minute, tiny, diminutive || minor, unimportant,
trivial, slight
185463 | 0.97
210 live v
noun people?, life, year, family, house, city, home,
?area, parent, ?street, ?poverty, town, month, writer?,
?mile misc who?, where?, ?here, ?there, long, ?up,
?together
out ?life, ?fantasy, ?dream, ?faith, ?rest, ?final, gospel,
?ideal, ?remainder on ?less, enough?, legacy?, memory,
spirit?, ?forever, legend?, tradition? in we?, ?house,
world, ?neighborhood, ?town, ?society, ?building, today
¡ñ exist, be alive, be in this world, survive || reside, stay,
have your home, dwell
176144 | 0.98
217 happen v
noun thing?, accident?, event?, stuff?, incident?, miracle?,
tragedy?, ?me, disaster?, ?anytime misc something?,
nothing?, never?, ?again, really?, ?next, anything?, ever?,
whatever?, bad?, exactly?, everything?, actually?
¡ñ occur, come about, take place, ensue || occur, come
about, take place, ensue
182714 | 0.93 S
5
224 must v
noun teacher?, educator?, caution, employer?,
applicant?, provider?, plaintiff?, military? misc
?understand, ?consider, therefore, ?recognize, ?address,
realize, ?admit, ?accept, surely, ?carefully, ?ensure,
?careful, ?aware
¡ñ have to, have got to, be obliged to, ought to, should,
be required to
171043 | 0.96
231 area n
adj rural, urban, metropolitan, major, certain, remote,
particular, surrounding, residential, key noun study, ski?,
metro?, resident, park, subject?, development,
wilderness?, surface?, population verb live?, cover,
identify, locate, surround, populate?, explore, expand,
search, concentrate?
¡ñ part, zone, extent || neighborhood, locale, vicinity ||
subject, topic, field
165812 | 0.95
238 different j
noun way, kind, people, thing, type, group, level, story,
place, view, part, culture misc from, very?, something?,
each, quite?, completely?, several?, entirely?
¡ñ dissimilar, diverse, unlike || distinct, separate,
discrete || unusual, special, singular
162411 | 0.96
245 word n
adj other, key, final, single, written, spoken, exact, very,
harsh, dirty noun ?mouth, meaning, use?, language,
?processor, sound, choice, kind, ?processing, war verb
hear?, speak, write, read, spread, ?describe, utter,
choose, repeat, search?
¡ñ term, expression || chat, conversation ||
information, news || rumor, buzz || promise,
assurance || command, order || password, code word
152891 | 0.97
252 head n
adj bald, shaved, severed, ugly, round, blond, balding,
femoral noun back, side, ?start, ?shoulder, top?, ?state,
hair, ?neck, arm, department verb shake?, turn, nod?,
tilt, lift?, hit?, raise?, stick?, bow, cock
¡ñ skull, cranium, pate || mind, intelligence, intellect ||
boss, chief, leader || introduction, beginning, start ||
top, peak, crown
160131 | 0.91 F
259 yes u
oh?, right, ?sir, no, answer?, ?course, ?ma'am, yeah, OK,
absolutely, ?indeed, hello
¡ñ all right, okay, sure, why not? || aye, yeah, indeed,
absolutely
157364 | 0.89 S
266 friend n
adj best, old, close, closest, longtime, dear, mutual,
male noun family, relative, school, member, house,
group, brother, childhood?, help, sister verb tell, meet,
visit, invite, gather, introduce, date, greet, betray,
entertain?
¡ñ pal, buddy, chum || acquaintance, contact, colleague
|| ally, supporter, well-wisher
142697 | 0.96
273 hour n
adj long, full, past, wee, extra, countless, endless,
flexible, odd, awake noun ?day, minute, mile?, ?week,
couple?, night, morning, ?half, rush?, number? verb
spend?, take, work, talk, wait, last?, drive, ?pass, arrive
¡ñ 60 minutes, time, period, o'clock || time, period, era,
age
138955 | 0.96
280 among i
?other, ?them, ?those, most, ?group, ?American,
?member, difference?, ?themselves, common?, rate?,
relationship?, especially?, leader
¡ñ in the middle of, in the midst of, amongst || with,
along with, amongst || as well as, including, in addition
to
138192 | 0.94
287 pay v
noun ?attention, tax, price, ?bill, money, fee, company?,
?debt, dollar, cost, ?rent, insurance, salary, cash, wage
misc ?for, much, ?million, willing?, enough, agree?,
?close, ?extra, afford?
off ?debt, loan, work?, ?mortgage, ?card, ?credit, effort?,
investment?, ?handsomely, gamble? down ?debt,
?national, budget?, credit, ?mortgage, surplus?
¡ñ disburse, reimburse, shell out, compensate, forfeit,
recompense
133133 | 0.96
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