Dr. a. m. gonzalez | for my students…to make life a little ...



Name ____________________________________________Chapter 71. What are mental categories representing activities, objects, qualities, or situations that share some common characteristics?a) classes c) attributes b) concepts d) classifications2. The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called ______.a) mental set c) noncompensatory modeling b) means–end analysis d) prototypical idealization 3. What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?a) decisive c) heuristic b) convergent d) divergent4. The ability to think rationally or logically and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist’s working definition of ____________.a) divergent problem solving c) heuristic usage b) creative thinking d) intelligence5. Alfred Binet designed the first ______ test.a) aptitude c) perception b) performance-based d) intelligence 6. Poor nutrition and medical care, poor living conditions (older, cheaper buildings often have lead paint on the walls), and a lack of intellectual support are thought to lead to ________________.a) fragile X syndrome c) fetal alcohol syndromeb) Down syndrome d) familial retardation8. Language is based on basic sound units called ______.a) phonemesc) semanticsb) morphemesd) registers9. Researchers have found that ______ influenced by culture.a) neither language nor thought is c) thought, but not language, isb) language, but not thought, is d) both language and thought are10. Which of the following is suggested by your authors as helping to substantially improve cognitive health?a) physical exercise c) drinking one or two glasses of red wine at least twice each week.b) a diet high in beta-amyloids d) the cessation of cigarette smoking12. What problem-solving strategies don’t guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?a) heuristics c) mnemonic devices b) algorithms d) cognitive shortcuts13. A seemingly arbitrary flash “out of the blue,” through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you “figured it out,” is called ______. a) brainstorming c) insight b) priming d) a mental set14. A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in ______.a) functional thinking c) convergent thinkingb) circular thinking d) divergent thinking16. All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above ________.a) 120 c) 140b) 130 d) 15017. ____________ intelligence has been suggested by Goleman to be a more powerful influence on life than more traditional views.a) Analytical intelligence c) Emotional intelligence b) Creative intelligence d) none of these18. When we consider intelligence, it is important to remember that although _______ sets limits on a child’s potential, it is the _______ that permits that potential to be actualized.a) learning; opportunity c) heredity; environmentb) opportunity; learning d) environment; heredityTrue or False1. When people are asked to relate how many windows they have in the place where they live, the amount of time to answer doesn’t depend on the number of windows.4. Randall believes that aliens crashed in the western United States in the 1950s. When looking for information about this on the Internet, he ignores any sites that are skeptical of his belief and only visits and talks with his friends about the sites that support his belief. This is an example of functional fixedness.5. When a problem is seen as having only one answer, with all lines of thinking leading to that answer, this is known as divergent thinking.7. A 10-year-old child who scored like an average 8-year-old on an intelligence test would have an IQ of 80.8. An IQ test is developed that supposedly measures people’s intelligence. It is given to a large and random sample of college students. It is found that the test correlates in a highly positive manner with the students’ GPAs. The test designer may be justified in claiming that the test is valid.9. A test can fail in validity while still being reliable.10. A test can fail in reliability while still being valid.11. Fragile X, Down syndrome, and fetal alcohol syndrome are all forms of mental retardation or developmental delay.12. People are termed gifted in terms of intelligence if their IQ exceeds 130.15. Animals such as dolphins or chimps have shown some language-like behavior but have not been seen to demonstrate the language skills equal to that of a 5-year-old human child.Chapter 9 1. The pursuit of an activity for an outcome that is separate from the person is called ______________.a) the need for affiliation c) extrinsic motivationb) intrinsic motivation d) a mastery goal3. According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy, which needs must be met first?a) esteem c) physiological b) safety d) belongingness and love4. BMR stands for _________________.a) basal management regulationc) buttocks management reductionb) basal metabolic rated) bowel movement regulation5. Which hormone is secreted into the bloodstream by fatty tissue to signal the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food, reducing appetite and increasing the feeling of being full?a) adrenalin c) leptinb) peptic acid d) lippotor6. The part of the brain that seems to influence emotion is the ________________.a) thalamus c) amygdalab) pons d) thyroid gland8. Which two different terms best describe Schachter and Singer’s theory of emotion?a) arousal and physiology c) arousal and contextb) behavior and genetics d) nature and nurture9. According to cognitive-mediational theories, appraisal of the situation would come ____ the physical arousal and ____ the experience of emotion.a) before; after c) before; beforeb) after; before d) after; after10. Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of the GTD method discussed in your chapter? a) Capture, Organize, Process, Do, Complete c) Process, Organize, Capture, Do, Completeb) Do, Process, Capture, Organize, Complete d) Capture, Process, Organize, Complete, Do11. What do we call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?a) drives c) releasing behaviorsb) instincts d) universal behaviors12. Some psychologists believe that an organism’s behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively—a state called ______.a) unbalance c) propinquityb) acquiescence d) homeostasis13. In arousal theory, people are said to have a (an) _________ level of tension.a) ultimate c) optimalb) lower d) high14. One interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives __________.a) are inheritedc) exist independently of any need or level of arousalb) exist inside a narrow collection of internal stimulid) only work for adults15. The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is propelled by ________________.a) the need for affiliation c) biological drivesb) intrinsic motivation d) performance goals19. Schachter and Singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _____ and _____.a) physical arousal; fight or flight c) physical arousal; labelingb) cognition; behavior d) behavior; physical arousal20. The process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed is called ____________.a) primary emotional processing c) facial feedbackb) internal emotion work d) body languageTRUE OR FALSE1. A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as extrinsic motivation.2. Intrinsic motivation is the idea that a person performs an action because the act, itself, is rewarding for some other person.4. The instinct approach to motivation is the idea that motivation by humans is similar to that of animals.6. Drives are unlearned, species-specific behaviors that are more complex than an eye blink. 7. Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called primary drives.8. The need for money is an example of an acquired drive.9. According to McClelland, the Need for Achievement supports the idea that humans want to have control over other people to complete this physiological need.10. Individuals who are high in the Need for Affiliation care what others think of them and want to be liked.11. A person who believes they have control over aspects of his/her life has an internal locus of control.12. A stimulus motive is learned.13. A sensation seeker is a person who only engages in extreme, potentially life-threatening acts.14. Incentives are things that attract or lure humans into action.15. Cognitive expectancies are a set of beliefs about what will happen in the future based on past events.16. According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy, self-actualization is the need that must be met first.17. Maslow’s transcendence need can be described as appreciating order, beauty, and symmetry.18. Bill is a telemarketer for an insurance firm. He would like to be a physician, but it requires too much training, time, and expense. Besides, this job pays the bills. Bill’s decision to remain in telemarketing is an example of one of Maslow’s higher motivational states. 19. A peak experience, according to Maslow, would be time in an individual’s life where self-actualization is temporarily achieved.21. The part of the brain that seems to influence emotion is the thalamus. ................
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