INDIGENOUS MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA



INDIGENOUS PEOPLES MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA

LAST 696-01

Spring 2005

Prof. Donna Lee Van Cott Monday 10:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m.

Office hours: MW 2:30-3:30 phone: 862-8307

and by appointment e-mail: dvancott@Tulane.edu

office: Norman Mayer 302

This course employs an interdisciplinary approach to understanding one of the most significant and interesting phenomena to emerge in Latin America and the last 20 years: the rise of influential, effective indigenous peoples' social and political movements. Students will read classic and recent literature from anthropology, history, sociology, and political science that attempts to analyze, explain and assess the implications of this complex phenomenon within a variety of theoretical frameworks. Among the themes explored are: development and ethno-development; neoliberalism and globalization; transnational organizations and movements; social movements and social movement theory; constitutional reform, legal pluralism, and the multicultural state; political parties and representation.

After the first introductory class meeting, students will share responsibility for presenting the week's reading and raising questions for debate. Presentation of these readings entails providing concise summaries of each author's main arguments, making comparisons among the authors, and drawing connections between the week's readings and those of previous weeks. Students should be particularly careful to note the theoretical perspective or approach of each author, as well as the methodology employed. These presentations will constitute one-third of the semester grade. Participation in class discussion will constitute another third of the grade. Given the importance of these discussions, perfect attendance is expected. Students missing a class should submit a five-page paper summarizing the readings discussed that week. This paper is due at the beginning of the class following the missed class.

The final third of your course grade will consist of a research paper of 20-30 pages. Students should meet privately with me to discuss their topic prior to February 14. These papers will be presented to the class during the last two class periods. Written papers are due on the last day of class.

The following books have been ordered for purchase:

Willem Assies, et al. The Challenge of Diversity: Indigenous Peoples and Reform of the State in Latin America. Amsterdam: Thela Thesis, 2000.

Racial Sieder, editor. Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy. London: Palgrave McMillan, 2002.

Kay Warren and Jean Jackson, eds. Indigenous Movements, Self-Representation, and the State in Latin America. Austin: University Of Texas Press, 2002.

Donna Lee Van Cott. The Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America. Pittsburgh: University Of Pittsburgh Press, 2000.

Readings on reserve at Howard Tilton Library are marked with an asterisk.

SCHEDULE OF TOPICS AND ASSIGNMENTS

Week of January 10

Introduction to the course, overview of indigenous movements and social science research tools.

*Gary King, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba, Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton University Press, 1994. pp. 3-33, 75-114.

*James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, introduction, Comparative Historical Analysis In the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

*Jack Goldstone, chapter in Comparative Historical Analysis In the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Week of January 17

Historical and Thematic Overview

*Virginia Tilley, "The Terms of the Debate: untangling language about ethnicity and ethnic movements," Ethnic and Racial Studies 20, 3 (July 1997): 497-522.

*Rodolfo Stavenhagen. "Challenging the Nation-State in Latin America." Journal of International Affairs 45, 2 (winter 1992): 421-440.

*Deborah J. Yashar. "Contesting Citizenship: Indigenous Movements and Democracy in Latin America." Comparative Politics 31, 1 (October 1998): 23-42.

Week of January 24

Indigenous Social Movements and Social Movement Theory

*Shannan Mattiace, To See with Two Eyes: Peasant Activism and Indian Autonomy in Chiapas, Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003, pp. 10-29.

*Sonia E. Alvarez, et al. "Introduction: The Cultural and Political in Latin American Social Movements." In Alvarez, et al. Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures: Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998, 1-29.

*Doug McAdam, et al. "Introduction: opportunities, mobilizing structures, and framing processes -- toward a synthetic, comparative perspective on social movements." In McAdam, et al. Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press, 1996: 1-20.

*Jeffrey W. Rubin, "Meanings and Mobilizations: A Cultural Politics Approach to Social Movements and States," Latin American Research Review 39, 3 (October 2004): 106-142.

Week of January 31

Indigenous Peoples and Economic Development

*Anne Deruyttere. "Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development: The Role of the Inter-American Development Bank." Working paper. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 1997, 11-15.

*Roger Plant. "Issues in Indigenous Poverty and Development." Technical Study. Washington: Indigenous Peoples and Community Development Unit, Inter-American Development Bank 1998, 1-38.

*George Psacharopoulos and Harry Patrinos. "Executive summary." Indigenous People and Poverty in Latin America: an Empirical Analysis. Washington: World Bank, 1994, XVII-XXIII.

Shelton H. Davis. "Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Participatory Development: The Experience of the World Bank in Latin America." In Sieder., 2002, 227-251.

*Marcial Fabricano. "Indigenous participation in the framework of the nationstate." In Diego Iturralde and Esteban Krotz. Indigenous Peoples and Development: Poverty, Democracy and Sustainability. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 1996, 29-31.

Week of February 7 Mardi Gras break

Week of February 14

*Mario Sznajder. "Ethnodevelopment and Democratic Consolidation in Chile: The Mapuche Question." In Erick D. Langer, Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2003, 17-36.

*Kevin Healy, Llamas, Weavings and Organic Chocolate. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, chapters 1, 3.

*Demetrio Cojti Cuxil. "The Theory and Practice of Indigenous Development." In Diego Iturralde and Esteban Krotz. Indigenous Peoples and Development: Poverty, Democracy and Sustainability. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 1996, 46-50.

*Valerio Grefa. "Indigenous Development and Sustainability." In Diego Iturralde and Esteban Krotz. Indigenous Peoples and Development: Poverty, Democracy and Sustainability. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank, 1996, 69-76.

Week of February 21

Constitutional Reform and the Multicultural State

Willem Assies. "Indigenous Peoples and Reform of the State in Latin America." In Assies, et al., 3-22.

William Assies, et al. "Diversity as a Challenge: a note on the dilemmas of diversity." In Assies, et al., 295-315.

Roger Plant. "Indigenous rights and Latin American multiculturalism: lessons from the Guatemalan peace process." In Assies, et al., 23-46.

*Cletus Gregor Barie. “Breve recuento histórico sobre las legislaciones y los indios.” In Cletus Gregor Barie. Pueblos indígenas y derechos constitucionales en América Latina: un panorama. 2da edición. Bolivia: Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, Gobierno de México, Abya Yala, Banco Mundial, 2003, pp. 81-84

*“Un tratamiento igualitario puede ser discriminante.” Entrevista con Osvaldo Kreimer y Rene Kuppe. In Cletus Gregor Barie. Pueblos indígenas y derechos constitucionales en América Latina: un panorama. 2da edición. Bolivia: Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, Gobierno de México, Abya Yala, Banco Mundial, 2003, pp. 94-98

Week of February 28

Van Cott, The Friendly Liquidation of the Past, chapters 1-4, 9.

Kay B. Warren. "Voting Against Indigenous Rights in Guatemala: Lessons from the 1999 Referendum." In Warren and Jackson, 149-180.

Ricardo Calla. "Indigenous peoples, the law of popular participation and changes in government: Bolivia, 1994-1998." In Assies, et al., 77-96.

Week of March 7

Legal Pluralism

Racial Sieder. "Recognizing Indigenous Law and the Politics of State Formation in Mesoamerica." In Sieder, 184-207.

Raquel Yrigoyen. "The Constitutional recognition of indigenous Law in Andean countries." In Assies, et al., 197-222.

Esther Sanchez Botero. "The tutela system as a means of transforming the relations between the state and the indigenous peoples of Colombia. In Assies, et al., 223-244.

Week of March 14

Indigenous Movements and Coalitions against Neoliberalism and Globalization

*Willem Assies. "David versus Goliath in Cochabamba: Water Rights, Neoliberalism, and the Revival of Social Protest in Bolivia." Latin American Perspectives 30, 3 (May 2003): 14-36.

*James Petras and Henry Veltmeyer. "Are Latin American Peasant Movements Still a Force for Change? Some New Paradigms Revisited." Journal of Peasant Studies 28, 2 (Jan. 2001): 83-118.

*Lynn Stephen, "The Zapatista Opening: The Movement for Indigenous Autonomy and State discourses on indigenous rights in Mexico." Journal of Latin American Anthropology. pp. 2-36;

*Neil Harvey, The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy. Duke University Press, 1998, chapter 7: Neoliberalism and Rebellion, 169-198.

Week of March 21 spring break

Week of March 28

*Nina Pacari. "Taking on the Neoliberal Agenda." NACLA Report on the Americas XXIX, 5 (March/April 1996): 23-32.

*Charles R. Hale. "Does Multiculturalism Menace? Governments, Cultural Rights and the Politics of Identity in Guatemala." Journal of Latin American Studies 34 (2002): 485-524.

*Bret Gustafson. "Paradoxes of Liberal Indigenism: Indigenous Movements, State Processes, and Intercultural Reform in Bolivia." In David Maybury-Lewis, ed. The Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002, pp. 267-380.

*Donna Lee Van Cott. “Multiculturalism against Neoliberalism in Latin America,” in Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka, eds. Does Multiculturalism Erode the Welfare State? New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming.

Week of April 4

Political Parties and the Struggle for Representation

*Victor Montejo. "The Multiplicity of Mayan Voices: Mayan Leadership and the Politics of Self Representation." In Warren and Jackson, 123-148.

*Donna Lee Van Cott. From Movements to Parties: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics in Latin America, unpublished book manuscript, chapters 1, 2, 5.

*Raul Madrid, "Ethnic Cleavages and Electoral Volatility in Latin America." Comparative Politics, forthcoming.

Week of April 11

Transnational Organizing

*Beth A. Conklin and Laura R. Graham. "The Shifting Middle Ground: Amazonian Indians and Eco-Politics." American Anthropologist 97, 4 (1995): 695-710.

*Kathryn Sikkink. "Human Rights, Principled Issue-Networks and Sovereignty in Latin America." International Organization 47, 3 (Summer 1993): 411-441.

*Alison Brysk. "Acting Globally: Indian Rights and International Politics in Latin America." In Van Cott, ed. Indigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin America. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994, 29-54.

Week of April 18 presentation of research papers

Week of April 25 presentation of research papers

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