DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Test



DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Test Review

Part 1: Matching: Match the term in the first column with its corresponding description in the second column.

1. Nucleotide C

2. Double Helix D

3. Deoxyribose E

4. Codon A

5. Anticodon B

A. group of three sequential bases of

mRNA

b. group of three sequential bases of

tRNA

c. repeating subunits/building blocks

of DNA and RNA

d. spiral shape of DNA

e. sugar found in DNA

Part 2: Multiple Choice: Choose the most correct answer.

6. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

a. Each with two new strands

b. One with two new strands and the other with two original strands

c. Each with one new and one original strand.

d. Each with two original strands

7. Unlike DNA, RNA contains…

a. Adenine

b. Uracil

c. Guanine

d. Thymine

8. Nitrogen bases are held together by weak bonds called…

a. Hydrogen bonds

b. Covalent bonds

c. Ionic bonds

d. Peptide bonds

9. A DNA molecule is unzipped/split in two by what type of enzyme?

a. Polymerase

b. Enzymease

c. Helicase

d. Aspartic acid

10. The sugar found in RNA is...

a. Sucrose

b. Deoxyribose

c. Fructose

d. Ribose

11. Where in the cell is the site of transcription?

a. Cytoplasm

b. Ribosome

c. Nucleus

d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

12. Where in the cell is the site of translation?

a. Vacuole

b. Ribosome

c. Nucleus

d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

13. This type of bond holds an amino acid/protein together.

a. Hydrogen

b. Covalent

c. Peptide

d. Ionic

14. Concerning complimentary base pairing, Uracil is match with…

a. Thymine

b. Adenine

c. Cytosine

d. Guanine

15. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?

a. 3

b. 6

c. 9

d. 12

16. Transporting amino acids to ribosomes for assembly into needed proteins is the function of…

a. DNA

b. tRNA

c. mRNA

d. rRNA

17. Which of the following is not a type of RNA?

a. Ribosomal RNA

b. Messenger RNA

c. Transfer RNA

d. Protein RNA

18. Which of the following most accurately describes the structure of a nucleotide?

a. Protein, phosphate group, nitrogen base

b. Amino acid, sugar, nitrogen base

c. Phosphate group, sugar, carbohydrate

d. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

19. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as…

a. Replication

b. Translation

c. Transcription

d. Transformation

20. The process by which polypeptide/proteins are assembled using the mRNA code is….

a. Replication

b. Translation

c. Transcription

d. Transformation

21. The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA is...

a. Replication

b. Translation

c. Transcription

d. Transformation

Part 3: Short Answers:

Use the charts below to help you with questions 23. They will both give you the same answer.

First, take the following DNA strand and write the corresponding mRNA strand on the line.

TAC/ GCA/TTA/CGT/GCA/ACT

22. _______AUG/CGU/AAU/GCA/GCU/UGA_________________________________________________

Next, write amino acid sequence that corresponds with your answer to 22.

23. ______MET/ARG/ASN/ALA/ALA/STOP__________________________________________________

Finally, write the tRNA that corresponds to your answer in 23.

24. __________UAC/GCA/UUA/CGU/CGA/ACU______________________________________________

25. Compare and contract DNA and RNA by filling in the chart below.

| |DNA |RNA |

|Sugar | | |

| |deoxyribose |ribose |

|Bases (4 each) | | |

| |ACGT |ACGU |

|# of strands | | |

| |2 |1 |

|Location in the cell | | |

| |nucleus |Nucleus and ribosome |

26. Compare and contrast the three different types of RNA

| |Name |Function |

|mRNA |messenger | |

| | | |

| | |To take the code from DNS to the|

| | |ribosomes |

|tRNA |transfer | |

| | | |

| | |To bring amino acids to the |

| | |ribosomes, match up the |

| | |anti-codeon with the mRNA codon |

|rRNA | |Make up ribosomes |

| |Ribosomal | |

| | | |

27. Briefly explain what happens in transcription and where it occurs.

Transcription occurs in the nucleus. The code from DNA is transferred via complementary base pairs to mRNA.

28. Briefly explain what happens in translation and where it occurs.

Translation occurs at the ribosomes when the tRNA anti-codon connects to the mRNA codon. On the other end of the tRNA is an amino acids. The amino acids eventually connect to form a polypeptide chain which later becomes a protein.

29. Explain why a change in the DNA sequence may or may not causes a different protein (mutation) to be created.

It the change in the DNA causes a change in the amino acid which is coded for then there can be a change in a protein which can cause a problem. If the new codon codes for the same amino acid then there will not be a problem.

30. If the 1st C was deleted in the DNA Sequence: TAC ATG CCG GCA, what would happen? (Hint: transcribe the DNA into mRNA)

AUG/UAC/GGC/CGU: original

AUU/ACG/GCC/GU: With deletion

Different amino acid sequence would result

31. Explain the 3 aspects of processing that need to occur before mRNA can leave the nucleus.

Poly A tail a the 3’ end

5’ cap

introns taken out and exons “glued” together

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