MonacemTa bazis Seqmna Microsoft Access-Si



saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

ზ. წვერაიძე, თ. ჭკუასელი,

ე. როჭიკაშვილი

მონაცემთა ბაზის შექმნა Microsoft Access-ში

saxelmZRvanelo

damtkicebulia stu-s saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo

sabWos mier

Tbilisi 2006

uak 681,3.06

ganxilulia monacemTa bazebis daproeqtebis sakiTxebi, maTi Seqmnis da gamoyenebis saSualebebi, romlebic Microsoft Access programaSia realizebuli. moyvanilia bazis ZiriTadi obieqtebis – cxrilebis, moTxovnebis, formebis da angariSebis rogorc agebis, ise redaqtirebis da marTvis wesebi. ganxorcielebulia maTi ilustrireba magaliTebis da savarjiSoebis saxiT.

მეთოდური მითითებები განკუთვნილია სტუდენტებისა და სხვადასხვა დარგში მომუშავე სპეციალისტებისათვის, რომლებიც თავიანთ საქმიანობაში იყენებენ Microsoft Access პაკეტში შემავალ კომპიუტერულ ტექნოლოგიებს, kerZod, interess iCenen informaciis monacemTa bazebSi moTavsebisa da damuSavebis mimarT.

redaqtori: doc. c. uTurgaiZe

recenzentebi: prof. n. CxaiZe,

prof. i. miqaZe

© gamomcemloba £”teqnikuri universiteti”, 2006

ISBN 99940-48-32-5

Sesavali

kacobrioba aTeulobiT aTaswleulis manZilze agrovebs codnas da mxolod dRes, XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, daiwyo am uzarmazari moculobis informaciis efeqturad damuSaveba da daxarisxeba. amis sawyis wertilad SeiZleba miviCnioT is momenti, rodesac kompiuteris safuZvelze gaCnda pirveli monacemTa baza. misi analogis Seqmna kompiuteris gareSe warmoudgenelia. SesaZlebelia daiweros wigni, daixazos cxrili, daixatos suraTi, anu kompiuteris gareSe Sesruldes mravali saxis samuSao _ garda monacemTa bazis Seqmnisa. magaliTad, arsebobda da arsebobs kartoTeka, romelic informaciis Semcveli baraTebisagan Sedgeba da misi Senaxvisa da daxarisxebis saqmes emsaxureba. igi monacemTa bazis prototips warmoadgens, magram baraTze ganTavsebuli informaciis damuSavebis – mopovebis, gamoyenebis, Sesworebis da a.S. procesebis ganxorcieleba sakmaod rTulia. amis gamo dRes kartoTeka monacemTa bazis rols veRar asrulebs.

monacemTa bazaSi ori sruliad gansxvavebuli obieqti igulisxmeba: TviT baza, monacemebis uzarmazari masivebi, romelic nedli masalaa da programa _ monacemTa bazis marTvis sistema (mbms), romelic mTeli am informaciuli sivrcis efeqturad gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva. swored mbms-s Seswevs nebismier moTxovnaze savsebiT konkretuli pasuxis gacemis unari da drois umcires monakveTSi uzarmazari masivebidan saWiro monacemebs saWiro formiT mogvawodebs.

mbms-s samyaro didia da praqtikulad usazRvro, igi gamoiyeneba yvelgan _ internetiT dawyebuli, saSinao ofisebiT damTavrebuli. dRes sakuTari mbms-is gareSe ar funqcionirebs arc erTi msxvili korporacia, saxelmwifo Tu saswavlo dawesebuleba.

msoflioSi monacemTa bazebis marTvis uamravi saxis sistema arsebobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini sxvadasxva obieqtebTan gansxvavebulad muSaoben da momxmarebelsac sxvadasxva funqciebs da saSualebebs sTavazoben, mbms-is umravlesoba ZiriTadi cnebebis erTian, Camoyalibebul kompleqss eyrdnoba. es uflebas gvaZlevs ganvixiloT erTi sistema da misi cnebebi, wesebi da meTodebi mbms-is mTel klasze ganvavrcoT. aseT saswavlo obieqtad avirCieT mbms Microsoft Access, romelic Sedis Microsoft Office paketSi. SesaZloa, swored am programuli sistemis Seswavlam daudos safuZveli Tqvens warmatebul karieras.

monacemTa bazis daproeqtebis ZiriTadi principebi

saxelmZRvanelo gaTvlilia menejerebze, ekonomistebze, iuristebsa da sxva mravali profilis specialistebze. wignSi warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT am dargis specialistebs ar gauWirdebaT sakuTari bazis Seqmna. Tumca, Seqmnili baza ramdenad gamosadegi da mosaxerxebeli iqneba, gamoCndeba maSin, rodesac gaikveva, praqtikaSi dainerga, Tu darCa gamouyenebeli. es bevrad aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad sworad iqneba amocana Tavidanve gaazrebuli. araoptimaluri gadawyvetilebebi da Secdomebi, romlebic SesaZloa daproeqtebis etapze iqnas daSvebuli, Semdgom, bazasTan muSaobis dros, mraval sirTules da gaurkvevlobas Seqmnis.

monacemTa bazis daproeqtebis sawyis etapze unda dadgindes Sesasvleli da gamosasvleli monacemebi, romlebsac bazis damproeqtebeli ayalibebs Tavisi samuSaos xasiaTis da misi marTvis miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT. magaliTad, Tu iqmneba baza umaRles saswavlebelSi abiturientTa da studentTa aRricxvisaTvis, saWiroa Seswavlil iqnas reqtoratsa da dekanatebSi arsebuli dokumentebis Sevsebis da maTi mimoqcevis wesebi, agreTve isic, Tu rogor xdeba leqtorebze saswavlo datvirTvis, jgufebze auditoriebis, studentebze saerTo sacxovreblis fondebis ganawileba da a.S.

ZiriTadi monacemebis siis Camoyalibebis Semdeg iqmneba bazis struqtura: dgindeba e.w. sabaziso cxrilebis CamonaTvali da maTSi Sesatani velebis siebi. monacemebis velebSi ganawilebis kriteriumad miiReba sxvadasxva cxrilebSi maTi gameorebis gamoricxva, radgan es gamoiwvevs kompiuteris mexsierebis araefeqtur gamoyenebas. am mizniT viyenebT relaciur (relational) meTods, romlis ZiriTadi principi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom saWiro velebis garda cxrilebs vamatebT urTierTdamakavSirebel velebs – gasaReb- velebs.

im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac baza aranair monacems ar Seicavs (carieli baza), is mainc srulfasovani monacemTa bazaa. masSi monacemebi ar aris Setanili, magram aris informacia _ bazis struqtura. es ukanaskneli bazaSi monacemebis Setanis da Senaxvis meTodebs srulad gansazRvravs. magaliTad, aviRoT monacemTa bazis umartivesi, arakompiuteruli magaliTi _ yoveldRiuri saqmiani Canawerebis wigni, romelSic yoveli kalendaruli dRisaTvis gamoyofilia calke furceli. igi gansxvavdeba ubis wignakisganac da samuSao rveulisganac, radgan mas winaswar gansazRvruli struqtura aqvs.

monacemTa bazis marTvis sistema Seicavs sxvadasxva obieqts, maT Soris ZiriTadi cxrilebia. umartivesi monacemTa baza SeiZleba Sedgebodes Tundac erTi cxrilisagan. aseT dros umartivesi monacemTa bazis struqtura calsaxad cxrilis struqturiT ganisazRvreba.

rogorc viciT, organzomilebian cxrils qmnian svetebi da striqonebi. monacemTa bazis cxrilis struqturaSi maT analogebs velebi da Canawerebi warmoadgenen. sabaziso cxrilis velebis Semadgenlobis (an maTi Tvisebebis) cvlilebiT icvleba monacemTa bazis struqtura da, Sesabamisad, miiReba axali monacemTa baza.

sworad daproeqtebul monacemTa bazaSi yoveli Canaweri (monacemebiT Sevsebuli striqoni) erTmniSvnelovnad unda iyos identificirebuli, anu mas miniWebuli unda hqondes kodi. aseTi identifikatorebis Semcvel vels (svets) pirveladi gasaRebi ewodeba. identifikatoris konkretuli mniSvneloba velSi Semaval arc erT CanawerSi ar unda meordebodes. pirveladi gasaRebi SeiZleba erTi an ramdenime velisaganac Sedgebodes. zogadad, Canaweris identifikatorad SeiZleba monacemTa raime maxasiaTeblis gamoyeneba. magaliTad, umaRlesi saswavleblis bazaSi studentis kodad SegviZlia studentis individualuri Sifri aviRoT, savaWro dawesebulebis bazaSi – saqonlis artikuli da sxv. Tu cxrilSi aseTi veli ar moipoveba, mas xelovnurad vqmniT _ SevarCevT mTvlelis an sxva tipis vels. magaliTad, mTvlelis tipis velSi TiToeuli Canaweri dainomreba avtomaturad da es nomeri iqneba misi kodi. aseTi tipis velSi, misi Tvisebebidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelobebi ar gameordeba. amrigad, wignis an maRaziis dasaxelebis (40-50 simbolosgan Semdgari) identifikatorad gamoyenebis nacvlad viyenebT mis kods (5-6 simbolo), romelsac CavwerT Sesabamis pirvelad gasaReb-velSi.

TiTqmis yvela Tanamedrove mbms monacemTa relaciur bazis models efuZneba. saxelwodeba “relaciuri” niSnavs imas, rom bazaSi arsebuli yoveli Canaweri Seicavs informacias, dakavSirebuls erT konkretul obieqtTan. ar aris gamoricxuli ori tipis monacemTan, rogorc erT mTlianTan muSaobis SesaZlebloba (magaliTad, klienti da mis mier ganxorcielebuli SekveTa), radgan isini urTierTdakavSirebuli monacemebia. Tu klientis gvari, misamarTi da sxva monacemi Setanili iqneba erTdroulad klientis Sesaxeb cnobebSic da yovel mis mier ganxorcielebul SekveTaSi, miviRebT gameorebul informacias, rac, rogorc iTqva, kompiuteris mexsierebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonili ar aris. amitom relaciur bazaSi SekveTis Canaweri klientis mxolod kods (identifikators) unda Seicavdes. igi Tavsdeba gare gasaReb- velSi. misi meSveobiT yoveli SekveTis informacia dakavSirdeba klientis Sesaxeb cnobebTan (gvari, saxeli misamarTi da a.S.) Sesabamisi cxrilis pirvelad gasaRebTan gaerTianebiT. dublirebis gamoricxvis process normalizaciis procesi ewodeba. gameorebebis sruli gamoricxvac SesaZloa, yovelTvis sasurveli arc iyos da amitom, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, daiSveba gamonaklisi.

bazis usafrTxoeba

monacemTa baza – es igive failia, magram masTan muSaoba garkveulwilad gansxvavdeba sxva tipis failebTan muSaobisagan. rogorc viciT, Windows-Si failuri struqturis momsaxurebas Tavis Tavze operaciuli sistema iRebs. monacemTa bazebSi usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli moTxovnaa dawesebuli da, Sesabamisad, monacemebis Senaxvis mimarTac sxvagvari midgomaa ganxorcielebuli.

Cveulebriv, Windows-Si gamoyenebad programebTan muSaobis dros monacemebis Sesanaxad gavcemT Sesabamis brZanebas. Tu faili jer ar arsebobs, vaniWebT saxels da mTlianad vendobiT operaciul sistemas. Tu fails damaxsovrebis gareSe davxuravT, mTeli Sroma failis Seqmna- redaqtirebaze daikargeba. am mxriv monacemTa bazebi gansakuTrebul struqturebs miekuTvnebian. informacia, romelsac isini Seicaven, xSirad sazogadoebrivi Rirebulebisaa. rogorc wesi, erTsa da imave bazasTan aTasobiT adamiani muSaobs. amitom bazis Semcvelobis mTlianoba arafriT ar SeiZleba romelime momxmareblis raime konkretul moqmedebaze an eleqtroqselis gaumarTaobaze iyos damokidebuli.

monacemTa bazebis usafrTxoebis problemis gadasaWrelad informaciis Senaxvisadmi ori midgomaa ganxorcielebuli. rig operaciebSi yvelafers operaciuli sistema ganagebs, margam zogierTi saxis Senaxvis moqmedeba operaciuli sistemis gverdis avliT xorcieldeba. magaliTad, monacemTa bazis struqturis Secvlis, axali cxrilebis an sxva obieqtebis Seqmnis operaciebi xdeba monacemTa bazis failis Senaxvis dros. amis Sesaxeb mbms afrTxilebs momxmarebels. es globaluri operaciebia. aseT operaciebs arasodes axorcieleben komerciul eqspluataciaSi myof monacemTa bazaze. isini sruldeba mxolod failis aslebze, radgan am SemTxvevaSi gamoTvliTi sistemis muSaobis nebismieri Seferxeba ar iqneba saxifaTo.

amave dros, TviT monacemebis mniSvnelobebis Secvlis operaciebi, romlebic ar cvlian bazis struqturas, maqsimalurad avtomatizebulia da Setyobinebis gareSe sruldeba. Tu cxrilTan muSaobisas monacemebis SedgenilobaSi icvleba raime, am cvlilebis Senaxva moxdeba myisierad, avtomaturad.

Cveulebriv, dokumentSi redaqtirebis Sedegad miRebuli cvlilebis uarsayofad fails ubralod vxuravT damaxsovrebis gareSe da xelaxla gavxsniT winamorbedis asls. magram es meTodi mbms-Si ar muSaobs. aq monacemTa cxrilSi Setanili yvela cvlileba avtomaturad Seinaxeba diskoze Cvengan damoukideblad, amitom Senaxvis gareSe failis daxurvis mcdeloba arafers gvaZlevs.

CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo saswavlo eqsperimentebis Catareba eqspluataciaSi myof monacemTa bazaze dauSvebelia. amisaTvis saWiroa Seiqmnas specialuri saswavlo baza an realuri bazis (struqturebis) asli.

monacemTa bazis marTvis sistema Microsoft Access

Microsoft Office programebidan monacemTa bazebis damuSavebis da marTvis sistema Access interfeisis sirTuliT gamoirCeva, amitom rigiT momxmarebels sawyis etapze misi gamoyeneba uZneldeba. es ufro profesiuli programebis rigs miekuTvneba, vidre farTo moxmarebisas, rogorebicaa Word an Excel. winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi mkiTxeli gaecnoba Access- is menius punqtebs, calkeul fanjrebSi warmodgenil marTvis brZanebebs da SesaZleblobebs, sistemaSi CarTul funqciebs da sxv. moyvanil savarjiSoebSi warmodgenilia bazis Seqmnis, redaqtirebis da gamoyenebis mravali magaliTi, sakmaod bevri wvrilmanis CaTvliT. sistemis ZiriTadi SesaZleblobebis gacnoba xels Seuwyobs mkiTxvels sakuTari monacemTa bazis SeqmnaSi.

MS Word-is momxmarebeli wrfiv, erTganzomilebian samyaroSi muSaobs, MS Excel-isa _ operirebs ori ganzomilebiT. monacemTa baza ki saSualebas gvaZlevs, davinaxoT informaciuli samyaro sam ganzomilebaSi. faqtiurad, Excel-is cxrili monacemTa bazis samuSao sivrcis mxolod proeqciaa sibrtyeze. amave dros, Excel-is codna xels Seuwyobs momxmarebels Access-is aTvisebaSi, radgan am ukanasknelis safuZvelia isev Excel-is msgavsi cxrilebi. Tanac, Tu vimuSavebT erT cxrilSi, gansxvaveba maT Soris umniSvneloa. magram Tu saqme gvaqvs cxrilebis sistemasTan, gverds ver avuvliT Access programas. magaliTad, Excel-Si Tavisuflad SeiZleba sakuTari musikaluri koleqciis cxrilis Seqmna, magram Tu movindomebT am cxrilisTvis iseTi monacemebis mierTebas, rogoricaa Semsruleblebis biografia, maTi fotosuraTebi, diskografebi da sxv., maSin unda gamoviyenoT Access.

Tu ganvixilavT mcire warmoebas an ofiss, aq sakmaod xSirad gvixdeba aTobiT da asobiT erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul cxrilebs Soris urTierTobis damyareba, raTa erT ujredSi Setanili cvlileba aisaxos Sesabamisi gadakveTili informaciis mqone sxva mraval cxrilSi. garda amisa, magaliTad, kartoTekis Seqmnis dros gvixdeba monacemebis baraTebze gameoreba. msgavsi ram, anu monacemTa dublireba, sworad daproeqtebul monacemTa bazaSi gamoricxulia. Access-Si amas yvelafers warmatebiT SevasrulebT masSi arsebuli SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebiT.

Access-Si muSaobis dros vsargeblobT yvela im saSualebebiT, rac gaaCnia Microsoft Windows operaciul sistemas: muSaoba fanjrebTan, meniusTan, instrumentTa panelebTan, siebTan da sxv. aqac gamoviyenebT “amoWra/ kopireba/ Casmis” xerxebs, ramodenime obieqtTan erTdroulad muSaobis saSualebebs, Microsoft Office paketSi Semaval sxva dokumentebTan dakavSirebis meTodebs da a.S.

Microsoft Access-is arqiteqtura

Microsoft Access-Si Seqmnili monacemTa baza Seinaxeba failis saxiT .mdb gafarToebiT. faili ramdenime obieqtisagan Sedgeba, esenia: cxrilebi, moTxovnebi, formebi, angariSebi, gverdebi, agreTve makrosebi da modulebi. winamdebare meTodur miTiTebebSi da qvemoT moyvanil savarjiSoebSi Cven ganvixilavT cxrilebis, moTxovnebis, formebis da angariSebis Seqmnis da maTi gamoyenebis wesebs. mokled davaxasiaToT TiToeuli maTgani:

➢ cxrili obieqtia, romelic iqmneba monacemebis Sesanaxad. yoveli cxrili Seicavs sagnis an subieqtis Sesaxeb garkveul informacias (magaliTad, savaWro dawesebulebaSi saqonlis an klientis monacemebs). cxrilis velebi (svetebi) inaxaven sagnis (subieqtis) sxvadasxva maxasiaTeblebs (magaliTad, klientis gvars, misamarTs), xolo Canawerebi (striqonebi) Seicaven konkretuli subieqtis Sesaxeb srul cnobas. yoveli cxrilisTvis SesaZlebelia ganvsazRvroT pirveladi gasaRebi-veli (erTi an ramdenime veli), romelSic Tavsdeba unikaluri mniSvneloba – identifikatori (kodi) da gare gasaRebi-veli, romliTac igi daukavSirdeba saTavo cxrils. erTi an ramdenime velisTvis SeiZleba ganisazRvros agreTve indeqsi _ monacemebze wvdomis daCqarebis specialuri saSualeba.

➢ moTxovna aris obieqti, romelic momxmarebels saSualebas aZlevs miiRos saWiro cnobebi erTi an ramdenime cxrilidan mis mierve Camoyalibebuli struqturiT. moTxovnaSi iseTi operaciebi sruldeba, rogoricaa calkeuli monacemis amorCeva, monacemebis raime principiT daxarisxeba, gafiltvra da sxva. moTxovnis meSveobiT ganxorcieldeba agreTve calkeul monacemebis an maTi jgufis ganaxleba, gauqmeba, damateba. yvela am operaciis Sesruleba SesaZlebelia uSualod cxrilSi, magram drois mogebis da usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT umjobesia maTi moTxovnaSi Sesruleba. moTxovnis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas axali cxrilic, romelSic Setanili iqneba erTi an ramdenime cxrilidan Canawerebis amonarCevis da maTze sxvadasxva ariTmetikuli Tu logikuri moqmedebebis Sesrulebis Sedegebi. amrigad, moTxovna monacemebs sabaziso cxrilebidan iyenebs da e.w. damajamebel cxrils qmnis. miRebuli damajamebeli cxrilis droebiTobis xazgasasmelad mas myis suraTs uwodeben. rodesac vmuSaobT monacemTa bazis ZiriTad cxrilebTan, fizikurad saqme gvaqvs myar diskTan, e.i. nela momuSave mowyobilobasTan (es dakavSirebulia monacemebis Senaxvis TaviseburebasTan). xolo moTxovnis safuZvelze miRebuli cxrili aris eleqtronuli cxrili, romelsac myar diskze analogi ar gaaCnia – es aris amorCeuli velebis da Canawerebis saxe. bunebrivia, aseT cxrilTan muSaoba gacilebiT swrafad xorcieldeba. amrigad, monacemebis ZiriTad cxrilebSi, magaliTad, mowesrigebulad Setanas (anbaniT an sxva principiT) azri ar aqvs, radgan axali Canawerebis Setanisas es principi mainc irRveva. am mizniT yovelTvis unda gamoviyenoT moTxovna.

➢ forma obieqtia, romlis daniSnulebaa monacemebis gamartivebuli wesiT Setanis uzrunvelyofa (ara pirdapir cxrilebSi). forma agreTve monacemebis ekranze TvalsaCinod warmodgenis, daTvalierebis da monacemTa bazis zogierTi operaciis marTvis saSualebaa. SesaZlebelia formis printerze dabeWdva. formaSi momxmarebeli mxolod im velebs avsebs, romlebic misTvis aris gankuTvnili. aq SeiZleba marTvis specialuri elementebic moTavsdes (mTvlelebi, gasxnadi CamonaTvlebi, gadamrTvelebi, almebi da sxv.), romlebic Setanis procesis avtomatizebas mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels. maTi meSveobiT informaciis Setana, anu operatoris Sroma, maqsimalurad gamartivebulia da daSvebuli Secdomebic minimumamde aris dayvanili.

➢ angariSi aris obieqti, gankuTvnili SerCeuli Sedegebis daformatebis, gamoTvlebis Catarebis da sabeWd mowyobilobaze gatanisaTvis. beWdvis win SesaZlebelia misi winaswari gadaxedva ekranze. angariSebSi gaTvaliswinebulia specialuri saSualebebi monacemebis dasajgufeblad, gaformebis specialuri elementebis gamosatanad (zeda da qveda kolontitulebi, gverdis nomeri, damxmare informacia angariSis Seqmnis TariRis Sesaxeb da sxv.).

➢ gverdi monacemTa bazis specialuri obieqtia _ monacemebze wvdomis gverdi. igi HTML kodSi sruldeba da Web-gverdze Tavsdeba. TavisTavad es obieqti ar warmoadgens monacemTa bazas, magram Seicavs komponentebs masTan kavSiris dasamyareblad. am komponentebis meSveobiT momxmarebels SeuZlia im bazis Canawerebis daTvaliereba, romelic serverzea damaxsovrebuli. amrigad, monacemebze wvdomis gverdebi asruleben interfeisis rols klients, serversa da serverze ganTavsebul monacemTa bazas Soris.

➢ makrosi da moduli _ obieqtebis es kategoria gankuTvnilia rogorc ganmeorebadi operaciebis avtomatizebis, ise axali funqciebis Seqmnis mizniT. makrosi warmoadgens erTi an ramdenime moqmedebis struqturirebul aRweras da avtomaturad sruldeba romelime xdomilebis sapasuxod. moduli Seicavs Visual Basic enaze daweril programas. igi iqmneba raime uzustobis aRmoCenis da Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

kavSirebi cxrilebs Soris

daproeqtebis bolo etapze vamyarebT kavSirebs cxrilebs Soris, anu vadgenT monacemTa sqemas. kavSiris dasamyareblad saTavo cxrilTan misaerTebel cxrils (daqvemdebarebul cxrils) davamatebT gare gasaReb- vels, romliTac igi SeuerTdeba saTavo cxrilis pirvelad gasaRebs. aq unda iyos mkacrad daculi SeerTebuli velebis tipebis Tanxvedra. magaliTad, Tu pirveladi gasaRebi teqstis tipisaa, gare gasaRebic teqstis tipis unda iyos da a.S. gamonaklisia mTvlelis tipi: Tu am tipisaa pirveladi gasaRebi, maSin gare gasaRebi ricxviTi tipis unda iyos. mosaxerxebeli iqneba pirveladi da gare gasaRebi- velebisaTvis erTnairi saxelebis SerCevac.

cxrilebs Soris kavSirebis ramdenime saxeoba arsebobs. maT Soris gamovyofT kavSirebs erTi-mravalTan da erTi-erTTan. “erTis” mxareze myof cxrils pirveladi gasaRebi-veli aqvs, romelSic identifikatorebs (kodebs) mxolod unikaluri mniSvnelobebi unda hqondeT. “mravlis” mxareze myof cxrils gare gasaRebi-veli aqvs, am velSi SeiZleba iyos gameorebuli mniSvnelobebi. magaliTad, gayidvaSi SeiZleba erTi avtoris ramdenime saxelwodebis wigni arsebobdes, maSin sxvadasxva avtoris siis Semcveli cxrili wignebis CamonaTvlis Semcvel cxrilTan dasakavSireblad “erTi-mravalTan” saxis kavSiri eqneba. kavSirebis specialur sqemaze erTis mxares gamoCndeba 1, xolo meoreze, anu mravlis mxareze, – usasrulobis ( niSani.

ganvixiloT kavSiris orive mxres “mravlis” arseboba, aseT kavSirs mravali-mravalTan ewodeba. es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac savaWro dawesebulebaSi mravali dasaxelebis saqonelia da myidvelic mravalia: erT myidvels SeuZlia sxvadasxva dasaxelebis saqoneli iyidos da, amave dros, erTi saxelwodebis saqoneli SeiZleba sxvadasxva myidvelma SeiZinos. Access sistema aseTi cxrilebis pirdapir dakavSirebas ar axorcielebs, unda Seiqmnas damatebiTi gadamkveTi cxrili, kerZod, SenaZenebis amsaxveli cxrili (magaliTad, e.w. faqtura), romelSic Setanili iqneba klientebis da saqonlis mxolod kodebi, anu romeli kodis saqoneli romeli kodis mqone klientma SeiZina. aseT cxrilSi sxva monacemebis Setanac SeiZleba: rodis ganxorcielda yidva, ra fasad da sxv. saTavo cxrilebis gadamkveT cxrilebTan dakavSireba pirveladi gasaRebis gadamkveTi cxrilis gare gasaRebTan SeerTebiT moxdeba, anu ganxorcieldeba ori damoukidebeli kavSiri “erTi mravalTan”.

zogierT SemTxvevaSi erT cxrils or an met damoukidebel cxrilad yofen (magaliTad, saxelebs da gvarebs aTavseben erT cxrilSi, xolo misamarTs, telefons da sxva monacemebs – meoreSi). aseT cxrilebs erTnairi pirveladi gasaRebebi ukeTdeba da maT Soris “erTi-erTTan” kavSiri myardeba.

Tu bazis struqtura kargadaa gaazrebuli, cxrilebs Soris relaciuri kavSirebis dadgena Access-Si martivia _ mTeli saWiro samuSao mimdinareobs monacemTa sqemis Relationships fanjaraze. fanjaras viZaxebT bazis ZiriTadi fanjridan Tools → Relationships an imave saxelwodebis RilakiT. gamotanili damxmare fanjridan, romelSic dasakavSirebeli cxrilebis siaa Setanili, avarCevT (movniSnavT) SesaerTebel cxrilebs, davaWerT xels Add Rilaks da davxuravT, Close. sqemaze ganTavsdeba moniSnuli cxrilebis maketebi (velebis CamonaTvliT). kavSiri ganxorcieldeba Tagvis meSveobiT: saTavo cxrilidan pirveladi gasaRebi-velis saxels gadmovitanT misaerTebeli cxrilis gare gasaRebze.

kavSirebs ori ZiriTadi datvirTva aqvT: monacemebis mTlianobis dacva da bazis momsaxurebis avtomatizeba. vTqvaT, klientebis cxrilidan erTi klientis Canaweri gauqmda, magram sxva cxrilSi, magaliTad, kontraqtebis cxrilSi, am klientis kodi jer kidev arsebobs (ar gauqmebula). amrigad, irRveva monacemebis mTlianoba _ kontraqtebis cxrilSi miTiTebulia ararsebuli klientis kodi. aq SesaZlebelia sakiTxis Semdegnairad ganxilva: an mTlianoba saerTod ar iqnas bazaSi daculi, an aikrZalos saTavo cxrilebidan monacemebis gauqmeba, an daSvebul iqnas mierTebuli cxrilebis adekvaturi damuSaveba. amis Sesruleba xeliT Znelia. Access-Si gaTvaliswinebulia avtomatizebis saSualebebi: kavSiris xazze dawkapunebiT da konteqsturi menius gamoZaxebiT avarCevT kavSiris redaqtirebis Edit Relationships fanjaras. Tu CarTulia mxolod monacemebis mTlianobis uzrunvelyofis alami Enforce Referential Integrity, maSin monacemis gauqmeba saTavo cxrilSi SeuZlebeli xdeba (sanam arsebobs kavSiri). magram Tu masTan erTad CarTulia almebi Enforce Referential Integrity (mierTebul cxrilebSi kaskaduri ganaxleba) da Cascade Delete Related Records (dakavSirebuli Canawerebis kaskaduri gauqmeba), maSin es operaciebi ganxorcieldeba avtomaturad. amrigad, relaciuri kavSirebis Seqmna, erTi mxriv, icavs bazis mTlianobas – monacemebis uneblied gauqmebisagan, meore mxriv, erT cxrilSi cvlilebis Setana iwvevs avtomaturad monacemis cvlilebas masTan dakavSirebul cxrilebSi.

mravali cxrilis safuZvelze Seqmnili moTxovna, anu Canawerebis erToblioba formirdeba dakavSirebuli gasaRebi velebis mniSvnelobebis TanxvedriT. magaliTad, gayidvis moTxovnaSi SeZenili saqonlis saxelis kods vakavSirebT saerTo CamonaTvalidan saqonlis kodTan, klientis kods – kodTan mis Sesaxeb informaciidan. Sedegad iqmneba saqonlis da klientis Semcveli erTi Canaweri. moTxovnis aseT tips simetriuli gaerTianeba ewodeba. am moTxovnaSi, bunebrivia, ar iqneba miTiTebuli im saqonlis saxeli, romelic ar iyo gayiduli. magram aris SemTxveva, rodesac saWiroa gayidvis moTxovnaSi naCvenebi iyos im saqonlis saxelic, romelic ar iyo gayiduli. aseT dros vqmniT gare gaerTianebas. am wesiT Seqmnil moTxovnaSi davinaxavT yvela Canawers im saqonlis saxelis CaTvliT, romelic ar iyo SeZenili klientis mier. SenaZenTa moTxovnaSi kodebis velSi Setanili iqneba Null mniSvneloba. gare gaerTianebis Sesaqmnelad vcvliT gaerTianebis parametrebs, risTvisac gavxsniT moTxovnas konstruqtoris reJimSi da orjer davawkapunebT cxrilebis modelebis SemaerTebel xazze. gaixsneba dialogi Join Properties, romelSic 3 Rilakia gamotanili. Tavdapirvelad CarTulia pirveli, rac Seesabameba simetriul gaerTianebas. Tu CavrTavT meore Rilaks, pirveli cxrilidan yvela Canaweri iqneba gadatanili moTxovnaSi, SemaerTebeli xazi gadaiqceva israd. Tu moTxovnis gamoyeneba gvinda gauyidavi saqonlis amorCevisaTvis, movaxdenT moTxovnis gafiltvras: Criteria striqonze SevitanT pirobas IsNull.

monacemTa bazis ageba Microsoft Access-Si

Microsoft Access-is gaSvebisTanave ixsneba dialog- fanjara (nax.1), romelSic sistema muSaobis dawyebis 3 variants gvTavazobs: axali monacemTa bazis Seqmna (Blank Access database), bazis Seqmna Sablonebis safuZvelze ostatis meSveobiT (Access database wizards, pages, and projects), arsebuli bazis gaxsna (Open an existing file).

Tu pirvel variants avarCevT, fails Cveulebrivi wesiT mivaniWebT saxels da xels davaWerT Create Rilaks. gaixsneba monacemTa bazis ZiriTadi fanjara (nax.2). carieli bazis, anu bazis struqturis ageba unda daviwyoT swored Blank Access database CarTviT (nax1.). bazis ZiriTad fanjaraze (nax.2) CarTulia Rilaki Tables (cxrilebi). fanjris zeda panelze ganlagebulia 3 Rilaki: obieqtis gaxsnis (Open), monacemebis Setanis, redaqtirebis an ganxilvis mizniT, obieqtis gaxsnis konstruqtoris reJimSi (Design) da axali obieqtis Seqmnis (New). amave panelze mdebare momdevno Rilakebi standartulia: obieqtebis gauqmebisa da maTi niSnakebis sxvadasxva xediT gamotanisaTvis. axali cxrilis Seqmnis mizniT avarCevT New Rilaks, gamotanil dialog-fanjaraSi (nax.3) SemoTavazebuli iqneba axali cxrilis agebis

ramodenime varianti: cxrilis Seqmna monacemebis Setanis reJimSi (Datasheet View), cxrilis struqturis Seqmna konstruqtoris reJimSi (Design View), cxrilis Seqmna ostatis gamoyenebiT (Table Wizard), cxrilis gadmotana sxva programidan, (Import Table), kavSiris damyareba (Link Table) sxva programis cxrilebTan.

cxrilis Seqmna konstruqtoris reJimSi

cxrilis struqturas vqmniT konstruqtoris (Design) reJimSi (nax. 4). fanjris zeda nawilis yovel striqonze SevitanT velebis saxelebs da ganvsazRvravT iq Sesatani

monacemebis tipebs (Data Type). es procesi avtomaturad xorcieldeba monacemis Setanis dros, Tu cxrili iqmneba Create table by entering data variantiT. konstruqtoris reJimSi ki (Design View) tipebs da Sesabamis Tvisebebs virCevT Cven TviTon.

velebis Tvisebebi yalibdeba fanjris qveda nawilSi (Fields Properties). aq gamotanilia aqtiuri velis (sadac kursoria, an romelic moniSnulia) monacemis tipis Sesabamisi Tvisebebis CamonaTvali.

monacemTa tipebi

Microsoft Access-Si Semdegi tipis monacemebia gansazRvruli:

• Text – teqsturi monacemTa tipi, romelic gamoiyeneba araformatirebuli SezRuduli sigrZis teqstis Sesatanad (mexsierebaSi igi ikavebs 255 baits).

• Memo – memo, monacemTa specialuri tipi, romelic gamoiyeneba didi moculobis teqstis Sesatanad (64 000 baitamde). fizikurad teqsti velSi ar inaxeba da Tavsdeba bazis sxva adgilze, velSi ki inaxeba mxolod masze mimarTva. es garemoeba momxmareblisTvis SeumCneveli rCeba.

• Number – ricxviTi monacemTa tipi, romelic gamoiyeneba ricxvebis Sesanaxad (misi sxvadasxva formati arsebobs da mexsierebaSi isini ikaveben 1, 2, 4, 8 an 12 baits).

• Date/ Time – TariRis da drois tipi (8 baiti).

• Currency – fuladi monacemTa tipi, romelic gamoiyeneba Tanxebis Sesatanad. Teoriulad am tipis monacemis Sesanaxad SeiZleboda ricxviTi tipis monacemis gamoyeneba, magram fuladi Tanxebis mexsierebaSi Senaxvis garkveuli wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT (damrgvalebasTan dakavSirebiT) mosaxerxebelia monacemTa specialuri tipis SerCeva (8 baiti).

• Autonumber – mTvleli, ricxvTa specialuri tipi, romelic gamoiyeneba unikaluri (araganmeorebadi) naturaluri ricxvebisaTvis. maTi Setana ganxorcieldeba avtomaturad, zrdadobis principis dacviT (Increment) an SemTxveviTi ricxvebis gansazRvriT (Random). igi ganaxorcielebs Canawerebis danomvras. sayuradReboa, rom gauqmebul CanawerTan erTad uqmdeba misi nomeri da mocemul bazaSi igi aRar aRdgeba (4 baiti).

• Yes/ No – logikuri tipi, gamoiyeneba logikuri tipis monacemebis Sesanaxad, daSvebulia mxolod ori mniSvneloba “ki” an “ara” (1 biti).

• OLE Object – monacemTa specialuri tipi (OLE -Object Link Embedded). gankuTvnilia obieqtebis sxva programebidan gadmosatanad an maTTan dasakavSireblad (magaliTad, naxatebis, diagramebis da sxv.). realurad aseTi obieqti cxrilSi ar inaxeba iseve, rogorc Memo tipis monacemi. cxrilSi inaxeba mxolod mimarTva maTze, rac amartivebs da aCqarebs cxrilTan muSaobis process (1 gigabaitamde).

• Hyperlink hiperkavSirebi – specialuri tipi, romelSic inaxeba internetis URL Web obieqtebis misamarTebi.

• Lookup Wizard… ostati. es ar aris monacemis tipi. am obieqtiT SeiZleba velSi monacemebis Setanis avtomatizeba ise, rom monacemi iqnas amorCeuli gaxsnili CamonaTvlidan.

cxrilis velebis Tvisebebi

cxrilis yovel vels SeiZleba mivaniWoT SerCeuli monacemis tipis Sesabamisi Tviseba, romelic moTavsebulia fanjris qveda nawilis General CanarTSi (nax. 4). ufro dawvrilebiT isini ganixileba savarjiSoebSi.

• Field size – velis zoma, romelic SeiZleba iyos:

➢ teqstisTvis 0-dan 255 simbolomde (Tavidan SemoTavazebulia 50);

➢ ricxvisTvis ramdenime varianti arsebobs: Byte – baiti (ricxvebi 0 dan 255 diapazonSi, 1 baiti); Integer – mTeli ricxvi (–32768 dan +32767 diapazonSi, 2 baiti); Long Integer - mTeli tipis ricxvi (ricxvebi -2147483648-dan +2147483647 diapazonSi, 4 baiti); Single – namdvili ricxvi aTobiTi mZimis Semdeg 7 niSniT (ricxvebi -3.41038 dan +3.41038 diapazonSi, 4 baiti); Double – namdvili ricxvi ormagi, aTobiTi mZimis Semdeg 15 niSnamde sizustiT (ricxvebi -1.797308 dan +1.797308 diapazonSi, 8 baiti); Replication ID – replikaciis kodi gamoiyeneba mxolod dispetCeris mier marTvad monacemTa bazebSi.

• Format – velis formati:

➢ teqstisTvis SegviZlia SevarCioT specialuri formati, magaliTad, Tu CavwerT @@-@@@@, maSin 6 simboloiani teqsti gamoisaxeba 2 simbolos Semdeg defisiT. am formatSi niSani \ gamoiyeneba misi momdevno savaldebulo simbolos gamosaxvisaTvis da sxv.

➢ ricxvisTvis SegviZlia SevarCioT fulis, procentis an sxva formati. garda amisa, Tu CavwerT 000000, nebismieri ricxvi Caiwereba, rogorc eqvsniSna, magram Tu ricxvis TanrigTa raodenoba 6-s aRemateba, igi gamoisaxeba srulad.

➢ TariRisa da droisTvis aseve SesaZlebelia avarCioT SemoTavazebulidan erT-erTi formati.

➢ logikuri sididis tipisTvis avarCevT: ki/ ara-s (Yes/No), WeSmarits/ mcdars (True/False) an CarTuls/ gamorTuls (On/ Off) .

• Decimal Places – namdvil (wiladis Semcvel) ricxvebSi aTobiT TanrigTa sasurveli raodenoba.

• Input Mask – Setanis niRabi, magaliTad, niRabi !00/-00/-00 ganapirobebs 6-niSna telefonis nomris marcxnidan marjvniv Sevsebas da yovel or cifrs Soris defisis Camatebas.

• Caption – minaweri. aq Setanili teqsti moTavsdeba velis saTaveSi, rogorc velis saxeli. am saxelSi daSvebulia wertilis an sxva niSnis gamoyeneba (rac dauSvebelia velis saTaurSi).

• Default Value – monacemi, romelic SemoTavazebuli iqneba sawyis mniSvnelobad yovel axal CanawerSi.

• Validation Rule – axali CanawerisaTvis Sesatani monacemis mniSvnelobaze pirobis dasma.

• Validation Text – Setyobineba Validation Rule-Si dasmuli pirobis Seusruleblobis Sesaxeb.

• Required (savaldebulo veli) – im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ujredis gamotoveba (arSevseba) dauSvebelia, aq SevitanT Yes.

• Allow Zero Length – carieli striqonis “” Setanis daSveba.

• Indexed – velis indeqsireba, romelic Seqmnis velisTvis damatebiT cxrils. igi ar Cans, magram gamoiyeneba Zebnis procesis dasaCqareblad.

• Unicode Compression – SemWidrovebis saSualeba. es Tviseba aqtiuria mxolod teqstis tipis monacemebisTvis da winaswar yovelTvis Yes aris SemoTavazebuli.

monacemebis Setanis procesis gasamartiveblad da Secdomebis Tavidan asacileblad cxrilis velSi ujreds SeiZleba CamoSladi sia Lookup daerTos. am siis gamotana ujredis marjvena mxares mdebare RilakiT ganxorcieldeba. CamoSladi siis damateba Lookup CanarTze Semdegi Tvisebebis SerCeviT xdeba:

➢ Display Control – monacemebis Setanis wesis marTvis elementi. Tavidan SemoTavazebulia Text Box Tviseba, rac Seesabameba monacemis Setanis Cveulebriv wess. List Box an Combo Box-iT ujreds davamatebT monacemebis CamoSlad sias. sia SeiZleba erTi an ramdenime velisagan Sedgebodes, romlebsac mxolod informaciuli datvirTva eqnebaT, radgan monacemebis amorCeva xdeba erTi velidan. CamoSlil siaSi Sesatani monacemebi SeiZleba gadmovitanoT sxva cxrilidan an moTxovnidan, an ganvsazRvroT pirdapir Row Source striqonze.

➢ Row Source Type – striqonTa wyaros tipi. aq mivuTiTebT: cxrils/moTxovnas - Table/Query, mniSvnelobebis sias - Value List, an velebis sias - Field List.

➢ RowSource – striqonTa wyaro. aq mivuTiTebT Table an Query saxels. Tu manamde CarTulia Value List, maSin striqonze davwerT siaSi Sesatan mniSvnelobebs, gamoyofils wertil-mZimiT.

➢ Bound Column – mierTebuli svetebis raodenoba, magaliTad, Tu monacemi erTi svetidan aris Sesatani, CavwerT 1.

➢ Count Column – wyarodan gamotanili svetebis raodenoba, Tu naCvenebi unda iyos ori sveti, SevitanT 2.

➢ Column Heads – mierTebuli svetebis saTaveebis Cveneba /ar Cveneba.

➢ Column Widths – svetebis sigane. Tu svetis Cveneba ar aris sasurveli, SevitanT 0-s.

➢ List Rows – striqonTa maqsimaluri SemoTavazebuli raodenoba siaSi. standartulad SemoTavazebulia 8.

➢ List Width – svetebis jamuri sigane.

➢ Limit to List – SezRudvis arseboba siis CamonaTvalSi Semavali sidideebis raodenobaze.

velebis Tvisebebis gansazRvris Semdeg unda ganisazRvros pirveladi gasaRebi-veli, amisaTvis movniSnoT saWiro veli da SevasruloT brZaneba Edit → Primary key (an Sesabamisi RilakiT). Tu striqoni ar aris moniSnuli, maSin sistema TviTon Seqmnis pirvelad gasaReb-vels – Tu cxrilis romelime vels aqvs monacebis tipi Autonumber, maSin airCevs am vels, Tu aseTi tipis veli cxrilSi ar gvaqvs, maSin TviTon daamatebs vels, avtomaturi mTvleliT da mas mianiWebs gasaRebis funqcias.

cxrilis struqturis Seqmnis konstruqtoris reJimidan unda moxdes cxrilis Cvenebis reJimSi gadasvla: menius View →Datasheet View punqtiT an fanjris imave saxelwodebis RilakiT.

cxrilis Seqmna monacemTa Setanis wesiT

Tu cxrilis SeqmnisaTvis Datasheet View reJims (nax.5) avirCevT, maSin monacemebs eleqtronuli cxrilis (Excel) msgavs cxrilSi SevitanT. velebs sasurvel saxelebs vaniWebT ase: movniSnavT velis saxels da Format Rename, an Tavidan SemoTavazebuli velis saxelze (magaliTad, Field1) orjer dawkapunebiT miviRebT kursors da SevitanT axal saxels. yvela monacemi teqstis tipisaa, anu Setanil ricxvebze ariTmetikul moqmedebebs ver CavatarebT. monacemebis Setanis Semdeg cxrilis SenaxvasTan erTad SemoTavazebuli iqneba gasaRebi-velis gansazRvris saSualeba, rac avtomaturad ganxorcieldeba Cveni Tanxmobis Semdeg. sxva danarCeni operaciebi, rogoricaa svetis/striqonis zomebis SerCeva, gasufTaveba, amoReba, damalva da a.S. ganxorcieldeba Windows sistemaSi arsebuli wesebis analogiurad.

moTxovnebi

cxrilebis struqturis Seqmnis Semdeg, Datasheet View reJimSi gaxsnil cxrilSi Segvaqvs monacemebi. am reJimSive SegviZlia monacemebis daTvaliereba da redaqtireba Windows- Si arsebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. cxrilSive SegviZlia monacemebis daxarisxeba (sortireba) da amorCeva (gafiltvra). magram es procedurebi umjobesia CavataroT moTxovnaSi (Query). xSirad saWiro xdeba monacemebze gamoTvlebis Catareba, an ramdenime cxrilidan garkveuli monacemebis erToblivad ganxilva da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi Microsoft Access moTxovnaSi qmnis CanawerTa nakrebs (damajamebel cxrils), romelic cxrilebidan garkveuli wesiT SerCeuli velebis saWiro Canawerebis amonakrebs Seicavs. CanawerTa nakrebTan (damajamebel cxrilTan) ise vmuSaobT, rogorc Cveulebriv cxrilTan – ganvixilavT monacemebs, amovarCevT informacias, SevasrulebT ariTmetikul Tu logikur moqmedebebs da a.S. unda gvaxsovdes, rom realuri cxrilebisagan gansxvavebiT monacemTa bazaSi CanawerTa nakrebi (damajamebeli cxrili) fizikurad ar arsebobs. Access mas cxrilebidan monacemebis gamotanis Sedegad qmnis da isic mxolod moTxovnis Sesrulebis ganmavlobaSi.

moTxovna SeiZleba SevqmnaT erTi an ramdenime cxrilis safuZvelze. rogorc vTqviT, Seqmnili damajamebeli cxrilis velebi warmoadgenen sxvadasxva cxrilebidan amorCeuli velebis nakrebs, xolo Canawerebi – am cxrilebis gafiltrul, daxarisxebul an sxva pirobebiT gaerTianebul Canawerebs. moTxovnis Sesrulebaze gaSveba xdeba an menius Query → Run punqtiT, Zaxilis niSniT (!) moxatuli RilakiT, an konstruqtoris reJimidan cxrilis reJimSi View → Datasheet View gadasvliT. moTxovna SeiZleba Seiqmnas agreTve sxva moTxovnis an moTxovnebis safuZvelze.

Tu monacemTa baza kargad aris gaazrebuli, maSin bazasTan momuSave momxmarebelma unda daiviwyos, rom arsebobs cxrilebi, kidev ukeTesi, Tu mas araferi ecodineba maT Sesaxeb. cxrilebi – bazis faseuli obieqtebia da maTTan urTierToba mxolod bazis dammuSavebels unda hqondes. rodesac momxmarebels bazidan monacemebis raime wesiT miReba surs, man mxolod moTxovnebi unda gamoiyenos. kargia, Tu bazis dammuSavebeli piri yvela saWiro moTxovnas winaswar moamzadebs. aseT dros monacemTa bazis ZiriTad fanjaraSi CavrTavT moTxovnebis Queries Rilaks da Sesabamisi moTxovnis niSnakze orjer dawkapunebiT gavxsniT damajamebel cxrils, romelSic vipoviT saWiro informacias. damajamebeli cxrili momxmareblis interess SesaZloa ar akmayofilebdes. aseT dros momxmarebeli axal moTxovnas Tavad qmnis an mimarTavs bazis damproeqtebels.

zogadad, moTxovnebi daprogramebis specialur SQL (Struqtured Query Language) enaze iwereba, magram rigiTi momxmareblisTvis misi Seswavla savaldebulo ar aris, radgan TiTqmis yvela operacia Access-Si Tagvis meSveobiT da specialuri programebiT (e.w. ostatebiT) sruldeba. moTxovnas vqmniT konstruqtoris reJimSi (Design), romelSic ixsneba e.w. moTxovnis blanki.

arsebobs moTxovnis agebis sxvadasxva variantebi. umartivesia moTxovna amorCevaze. arsebobs moTxovna parametriT (rodesac amorCevis kriteriums momxmarebeli specialur fanjaraSi awvdis), moTxovna SedegebiT (velebSi Setanil mniSvnelobebze Catarebuli maTematikuri da logikuri gamoTvlebis SedegebiT), moTxovna Secvlaze (rodesac xdeba velebis mniSvnelobebis ganaxleba), jvaredini moTxovnebi (rodesac damajamebeli cxrili angariSebis Catarebis Semdeg iqmneba), specifikuri moTxovnebi, Cawerili moTxovnebis SQL enaze, magaliTad, serverze mimarTvis gansaxorcieleblad.

moTxovnis Seqmna konstruqtoris reJimSi

konstruqtoris reJimSi moTxovnis SeqmnisaTvis gavxsniT bazis fanjaras, CavrTavT Queries Rilaks da New. gamotanil dialogis fanjaraSi (nax.6) SemoTavazebuli CamonaTvlidan avarCevT konstruqtoris reJims Design View.

gamotanil Show Table fanjaraSi avarCevT im cxrils (erTs an ramdenimes), romlis safuZvelzec iqmneba moTxovna. gaixsneba moTxovnis blanki (nax.7). blanki ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: zeda nawilSi gamotanilia SerCeuli cxrilis an cxrilebis maketebi velebis siiT. cxrilebs Soris kavSirebi aqve iqneba naCvenebi (igulisxmeba, rom cxrilebis dakavSireba Sesrulda manamde). Tu kavSiri manamde ar Sesrulebula, cxrilebs vakavSirebT aqve Tagvis meSveobiT.

me-7 naxazze moyvanilia blanki im SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac moTxovna iqmneba erTi cxrilis safuZvelze. cxrilis velebis Sedgenilobis ganxilvisaTvis misi maketidan fanjris qveda nawilis Field striqonze TagviT gadmovitanT sasurveli velis saxels (nax.7). cxrilis reJimSi gadasvlis Semdeg davaTvalierebT moTxovnas – ganxiluli magaliTisTvis masalebis saxelebis CamonaTvals (nax.8).

velebis Tvisebebi, rogorc viciT, maTi Seqmnis dros dgindeba. magram SeiZleba garkveuli Tvisebis daweseba moTxovnis velebzec, romelsac ufro maRali prioriteti eqneba, vidre cxrilSi gansazRvruls. amisaTvis SevasrulebT brZanebas View → Properties an davaWerT xels amave saxelwodebis Rilaks. gamotanil dialogSi davawesebT formats, Setanis niRabs, velis saTaurs da sxv.

moTxovnis blankis qveda nawilSi mdebareobs Show striqoni, romelic damajamebeli cxrilis velis Semadgenlobis ekranze Cveneba/arCvenebas gansazRvravs. igulisxmeba, rom yvela veli, romelic moTxovnaSia CarTuli, ekranze unda iqnas gamotanili, amitom yvela alami CarTulia. magram es yovelTvis sasurveli ar aris, aseT dros alams gamovrTavT.

Tu saxelebis anbaniT (inglisurenovani siis), an ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis zrdadoba-klebadobiT dalageba gvsurs, daxarisxebis Sort striqonze avarCevT Sesabamis wess. unda gvaxsovdes, rom amorCevis sxva variantze gadasvlis dros manamde dasmuli pirobebi – kriteriumebi an daxarisxebis wesebi unda moixsnas (magaliTad, not sorted). Tumca SesaZlebelia mravaldoniani daxarisxebis Sesrulebac.

SesaZlebelia cxrilis gafiltvra, anu velSi arsebuli monacemebis siidan raime niSnis mqone monacemis (an monacemebis) amorCeva. amisaTvis kriteriumis striqonze (Criteria) CavwerT pirobas, romelsac unda akmayofilebdes gamosatani monacemebi, magaliTad, Tu veZebT im Canawerebs, romlebic “a” simboloTi iwyeba, Criteria striqonze mocemuli velisaTvis CavwerT a*. Tu sawyisi cxrili Seicavs vels, romelSic ricxviTi monacemia, magaliTad, saqonlis fasi an sxva, da gvinda damajamebel cxrilSi gamovitanoT mxolod is Canawerebi, sadac fasi naklebia 200-ze, moTxovnis Criteria striqonSi SevitanoT piroba: 400 CaweriT, miviRebT ufro rTuli pirobis amsaxvel moTxovnas: 400. aseTi pirobis Cawera SesaZlebelia erT striqonzec: 400. Tu unda ganxorcieldes TankveTis piroba, magaliTad, >200 da 200 and =10 da ). moqmedebis uarsayofad moniSnuli velisTvis gamoviyenoT marcxniv mimarTuli isari ( < ), yvela velisTvis – ormagi isari ( ................
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