2017 NCVRW Resource Guide: Homicide Fact Sheet
Homicide
Homicide is defined by the FBI as the willful killing of one human being by another, and encompasses both murder and non-negligent manslaughter. The Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR), produced annually by the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, highlights statistical trends and patterns associated with homicides known to law enforcement in the United States. While the SHR has proven to be a reliable resource for researchers and policy-makers, law enforcement agencies report this information voluntarily, which can mean the data are not always consistent or nationally representative. Mass shootings, which make up a small subset of homicide, have garnered a great deal of media attention in recent years; for more information, see the Mass Casualty fact sheet in this series.
Trends
Since 1995, the rate of murder and non-negligent homicides known to
authorities has decreased by 40%. In 2014, the murder rate was 4.4 per
100,000 people, the lowest rate in more than two decades. In 2015, however,
this rate increased by 11.4% to 4.9 per 100,000 people, the largest increase
since 1995.A Murder and Non-Negligent ManslaughterA rate per 100,000 people
10
10
8
8.2
6
4
4.9
2
0
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
Did You Know?
In 2015, men committed 62% of murders and were 79% of all murder victims.A
Black men committed 36% of murders and made up 52% of all murder victims. White men committed 30% of murders and accounted for 43% of all murder victims.A
Homicide is largely intra-racial. Of crimes involving a single offender and victim: 81% of white victims were killed by a white perpetrator; 89% of all black victims were killed by a black perpetrator.A
While concerning, this increase in homicide does not necessarily indicate an emerging national trend: evaluating homicide
rates at the city level helps identify what may be driving the recent increase. For example, the rate of homicide in Detroit,
Michigan--a city with consistently high homicide numbers--increased less than 1% and is the lowest rate in almost five years. In Baltimore, the murder and non-negligent homicide rate increased by 64% from 2014, the sharpest increase in
the 30 largest U.S. cities. By comparison, other large cities--including Austin, San Antonio, San Jose, and Seattle--saw
decreases in their homicide rate for 2015. Research suggests that the 2015 increases in homicide rates are related to higher unemployment, lower per capita income, and lower school success in these cities.B
Largest Cities with Highest Murder RatesA,* rate per 100,000 people
75
Washington, DC
Chicago, IL
75
Detroit, MI
Milwaukee, WI
60
Baltimore, MD
45
30
15
0
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
Largest Cities with Lowest Murder RatesA,* rate per 100,000 people
15
San Antonio, TX
San Diego, CA
15
Austin, TX
San Jose, CA
12
Seattle, WA
9
6
3
0
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2017 National Crime Victims' Rights Week Resource Guide: Crime and Victimization Fact Sheets
Current Data on Homicide
In 2015, there were 13,455 homicides and non-negligent
manslaughters: 4% of these victims were 12 years old or younger, 33% were age 20 ? 29, and 17% were over the age of 50. Individuals age 20 ? 29 of either sex were killed more often than people in any other age range.A
0 ? 12 13 ? 19 20 ? 29 30 ? 39 40 ? 49
50+ Unknown
Homicide VictimsA by age and sex
3 8 10 7
24 22 19 12 15 15
26 1 1
40%
36
Men (79%) Women (21%)
In 2015, rates of murder and non-negligent homicide known to law enforcement were higher for men than women. Notably, black men were victims of murder and
non-negligent homicide 1.5x more frequently than white men, and 3.3x more frequently than Hispanic or Latino men. White women were victims of homicide at a rate 1.8x greater than black women and 4.4x greater than Hispanic or
Latina women.A
Homicide VictimsA**
by ethnicity/race and sex
ethnicity
Not Hispanic/ Latino
Hispanic/Latino
Unknown Black White
13 16
6 4
6
63 58
Men Women
33
62
39
70%
race
In 2015, the majority of murder and non-negligent manslaughter occurred in the south (46%). The lowest proportion of all murder and non-negligent manslaughter occurred in the northeast (12%).A
Murder and Non-Negligent ManslaughterA
by region
South (46%) Midwest (22%) West (20%) Northeast (12%)
In 2014, 7 in 10 homicides and non-negligent
manslaughters were committed with a firearm,
and 1 in 10 were committed with a knife.A
Murder and Non-Negligent ManslaughterA
by weapon type
Firearm (71%) Knife (11%) Personal weapon (e.g., fist) (5%) Blunt object (3%) Asphyxiation/drowning/ strangulation (2%) Other (7%)
Of homicide and non-negligent manslaughter victims, 42%
had some sort of relationship with the perpetrator, 10% had no relationship, and 48% had an unknown relationship.A
Victim Relationship to PerpetratorA
30%
25.6
Family Non-family
10.2
4.6 3.1 1.9 1.0 2.1
2.7 0.8
Spouse
Child
Parent
SibliOntgher familyAcquaintance***Stranger
FriendNeigchobwoorr/ker
NOTES/SOURCES
* In 1999, the UCR did not report the murder rate for Baltimore. This number is calculated using police data and the reported population of Baltimore for 1999.
* * The percentages do not total because not all agencies provide ethnicity data.
*** "Acquaintance" here includes same-sex partners (per the UCR), as well as "Significant Others."
A FBI, Crime in the United States, 1995 - 2015, (U.S. Department of Justice)
B Matthew Friedman et al., "Crime in 2016: A Preliminary Analysis," (Brennan Center for Justice, 2016), crime-2016-preliminary-analysis
Murder and Non-Negligent M
(By Weapon Type
Firear Knives Perso Blunt Asphy Other
................
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