Belle Vernon Area School District



Labeled Heart Diagram – Resource SheetApex – tip of the heartSeptum – muscle that divides left and right sideAtrioventricular Valves (AV) - these valves are located between the atrium and the ventricle and prevents backward blood flow (ie, prevents blood from the ventricle from flowing back into the atrium)Tricuspid - right side AV; between right atrium and right ventricleMitral Valve (Bicuspid) - left side AV; between left atrium and left ventricleSemilunar Valves (SV) – these valves are located between ventricles and arteries to regulate blood flow and prevent backward blood flow (ie. Prevents blood from the arties from flowing back into the ventricles.)Aortic Valve – controls proper blood flow and direction from the left ventricle to the aortaPulmonary Valve – controls proper blood flow and direction from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arterySuperior Vena Cava - vessel that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the upper bodyInferior Vena Cava - vessel that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lower bodyAorta – largest artery that delivers blood to the bodyChordae tendinae / Papillary Muscles - muscles and tendons that hold the heart valves in placeSinoatrial Node (SA Node) – pacemaker of the heart Blood Vessel TypesArteriesVeinsCarries oxygenated blood AWAY from the heartException: Blood flowing through the pulmonary artery is deoxygenated.Thick, elastic muscle layer that can handle high pressure as blood pulses through itRed vesselsAorta Artery Arteriole CapillaryCarries deoxygenated blood TO the heartException: Blood flowing through the pulmonary vein is oxygenated.Thin, elastic muscle layer Blue vessels (although the blood is NOT blue)Vein Venule Capillary*Capillaries are very tiny cells with membranes only one cell thick that gas exchange can easily occur across. This is important because oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusing across the capillary cell membrane to enter or exit the bloodstream.Description of how circulatory System and Respiratory System work togetherGas exchange (O2 <--> CO2) occurs through the cell membranes of capillaries (smallest cell in the circulatory system) and alveoli (smallest cell in the respiratory system.)Alveoli are the tiny “grape-like” cell structures in the lungs that expand when inhaling and contract when exhaling during breathing.The cell membranes of capillaries and alveoli touch.When deoxygenated, blood carrying CO2 enters the capillaries in the lungs, the CO2 diffuses across the capillary membrane and the alveoli membrane to leave the circulatory system and enter the respiratory system to be exhaled out of the body.When a person inhales they bring O2 into their alveoli, which diffuses across the alveoli membrane and the capillary membrane to enter the blood stream. The blood is then sent to the heart to be pumped out to the body. ................
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