Study Guide for BI 121 Lecture Exam 3



Study Guide for BI 121 Lecture Exam 3

Chapter 6

• Describe the similarities and differences in the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue, and indicate where they are found in the body

• Describe the connective tissue organization of skeletal muscles

• List and describe the functions of skeletal muscles

• Describe the cellular and molecular organization of a muscle fiber (all the way down to thick and thin filament arrangement)

• Describe how motor units are involved in muscle organization and function

• Describe the structures and events that are found at the neuromuscular junction

• Describe the structures and events that are associated with the initiation and continuation of a muscle contraction. (sliding filament theory)

• Describe the differences between a twitch, wave summation, unfused tetanus, and fused tetanus.

• Describe three ways in which ATP is generated during muscle activity

• Know the difference, and give examples, of isotonic and isometric contractions

• Define muscle tone

• Know the various types of body movements

• Define prime mover, antagonists, synergists, and fixators

• Know the muscles and their corresponding actions, origins, and insertions from your muscle list.

Chapter 7

Neuron Anatomy & Physiology and Reflexes

• Describe the three overlapping functions of the nervous system

• Describe how the nervous system is organized, structural and functional

• Name and describe the supporting cells of the CNS and PNS

• Identify and describe the major parts and regions of a typical motor neuron (fig. 7.4)

• Define ganglion, tracts, nerves, white matter, and gray matter

• Identify the functional classification of neurons

• Identify the structural classification of neurons

• Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another

• Define reflex, and be able to diagram a reflex arc (fig. 7.11 a.)

Brain Anatomy & Physiology

• Identify the four major regions of the brain, and give their general functions.

• Identify the following structures/regions of the cerebrum: gyri, sucli, fissures, somatic sensory area, primary motor area, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, and corpus collosum.

• Identify the following structures/regions of the diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary gland, mammillary bodies, epithalamus, pineal gland, and choroid plexus.

• Identify the following structures/regions of the brain stem: midbrain, cerebral aquaduct, cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, pons, medulla oblongata, and the reticular formation.

• Identify the cerebellum and describe its basic functions

• Name and describe the layers of connective tissue that form the protective layers around the CNS (meninges)

• Discuss the importance of CSF

• Discuss the importance of the blood-brain barrier

Spinal Cord Anatomy & Physiology

• Describe the structural characteristics of the spinal cord

• Identify the following structures/regions of the spinal cord: dorsal horns, ventral horns, central canal, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root, spinal nerves, posterior, lateral, and anterior columns.

• Describe the structure of a nerve, including the endoneurium, perineurium, fascicles, and epineurium.

• Differentiate between mixed nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

• Identify the 12 cranial nerves

• Identify the spinal nerves, their rami, and the plexuses that arise from them.

Autonomic Nervous System

• Describe the major functions of the autonomic nervous system

• Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

• Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division

• Describe the differences between the major functions of the sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.

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