Study Guide for BI 121 Lecture Exam 3
Study Guide for BI 121 Lecture Exam 3
Chapter 6
• Describe the similarities and differences in the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue, and indicate where they are found in the body
• Describe the connective tissue organization of skeletal muscles
• List and describe the functions of skeletal muscles
• Describe the cellular and molecular organization of a muscle fiber (all the way down to thick and thin filament arrangement)
• Describe how motor units are involved in muscle organization and function
• Describe the structures and events that are found at the neuromuscular junction
• Describe the structures and events that are associated with the initiation and continuation of a muscle contraction. (sliding filament theory)
• Describe the differences between a twitch, wave summation, unfused tetanus, and fused tetanus.
• Describe three ways in which ATP is generated during muscle activity
• Know the difference, and give examples, of isotonic and isometric contractions
• Define muscle tone
• Know the various types of body movements
• Define prime mover, antagonists, synergists, and fixators
• Know the muscles and their corresponding actions, origins, and insertions from your muscle list.
Chapter 7
Neuron Anatomy & Physiology and Reflexes
• Describe the three overlapping functions of the nervous system
• Describe how the nervous system is organized, structural and functional
• Name and describe the supporting cells of the CNS and PNS
• Identify and describe the major parts and regions of a typical motor neuron (fig. 7.4)
• Define ganglion, tracts, nerves, white matter, and gray matter
• Identify the functional classification of neurons
• Identify the structural classification of neurons
• Describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another
• Define reflex, and be able to diagram a reflex arc (fig. 7.11 a.)
Brain Anatomy & Physiology
• Identify the four major regions of the brain, and give their general functions.
• Identify the following structures/regions of the cerebrum: gyri, sucli, fissures, somatic sensory area, primary motor area, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, and corpus collosum.
• Identify the following structures/regions of the diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary gland, mammillary bodies, epithalamus, pineal gland, and choroid plexus.
• Identify the following structures/regions of the brain stem: midbrain, cerebral aquaduct, cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, pons, medulla oblongata, and the reticular formation.
• Identify the cerebellum and describe its basic functions
• Name and describe the layers of connective tissue that form the protective layers around the CNS (meninges)
• Discuss the importance of CSF
• Discuss the importance of the blood-brain barrier
Spinal Cord Anatomy & Physiology
• Describe the structural characteristics of the spinal cord
• Identify the following structures/regions of the spinal cord: dorsal horns, ventral horns, central canal, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root, spinal nerves, posterior, lateral, and anterior columns.
• Describe the structure of a nerve, including the endoneurium, perineurium, fascicles, and epineurium.
• Differentiate between mixed nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.
• Identify the 12 cranial nerves
• Identify the spinal nerves, their rami, and the plexuses that arise from them.
Autonomic Nervous System
• Describe the major functions of the autonomic nervous system
• Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
• Describe the difference between the neuron pathways of the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division
• Describe the differences between the major functions of the sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.
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