Chapter 010 The Wrist and Hand Joints
True / False Questions
1. The wrist and hand contain 27 bones including the radius and ulna.
True False
2. The flexor retinaculum is a tissue bridge that covers the carpal tunnel.
True False
3. The wrist is classified as a hinge or ginglymus joint.
True False
4. Movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect of the hand is called opposition.
True False
5. The palmaris longus originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
True False
6. The wrist flexors and extensors contribute to abduction and adduction of the wrist.
True False
7. Both the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons go through the carpal tunnel.
True False
8. The extensor digiti minimi originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
True False
9. The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
True False
10. The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle has 4 sites of origin.
True False
Multiple Choice Questions
11. The nerve that travels through the carpal tunnel is the ___________.
A. ulnar nerve
B. radial nerve
C. median nerve
D. musculocutaneous nerve
12. The carpal bone located most centrally inferior to the 3rd phalange is called the _________.
A. capitate
B. hamate
C. lunate
D. pisiform
13. There are _________ carpal bones that form the wrist.
A. 6
B. 7
C. 10
D. 8
14. The _________________ is a carpal bone that if it is depressed can shrink the size of the carpal tunnel.
A. hamate
B. capitate
C. lunate
D. trapezium
15. The distal interphalangeal joints are classified as _____________ joints.
A. condyloid
B. saddle-type
C. ginglymus or hinge
D. pivot
16. The metacarpophalangeal joints or knuckles are classified as _________________ joints.
A. pivot
B. condyloid
C. ginglymus
D. saddle-type
17. The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is classified as a(n) ______________ joint and can perform _______________.
A. saddle-type; opposition
B. ginglymus; flexion and extension
C. pivot; rotation
D. condyloid; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
18. The muscle that inserts into the palmar aponeurosis of the hand, but does not go through the carpal tunnel, is the ________________ muscle.
A. flexor carpi radialis
B. flexor carpi ulnaris
C. flexor digitorum superficialis
D. palmaris longus
19. The palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris all originate from the ____________________.
A. lateral epicondyle
B. medial epicondyle
C. radial tuberosity
D. coronoid process of the ulna
20. The proximal interphalangeal joints are classified as _____________ joints.
A. ball-and-socket
B. pivot
C. ginglymus or hinge
D. condyloid
21. Pollicis in the words extensor pollicis longus or flexor pollicis longus is defined as the ____________.
A. digit
B. phalange
C. great toe
D. thumb
22. The extensor radialis longus, extensor radialis brevis, and extensor ulnaris all originate from the ______________.
A. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
B. medial epicondyle of the humerus
C. syloid process of the radius
D. coronoid process of the ulna
23. Flexor carpi radialis flexes the wrist and _____________.
A. adducts the hand at the wrist
B. extends the wrist
C. abducts the hand at the wrist
D. rotates the hand
24. The muscle that inserts at the base of the distal phalanges of four fingers is the ______________________ muscle.
A. flexor digitorum superficialis
B. flexor carpi ulnaris
C. flexor digitorum profundus
D. flexor pollicis longus
25. The extensor pollicis brevis inserts on the ___________________.
A. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal)
B. base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal)
C. base of the 1st metacarpal (dorsal)
D. pisiform and hamate
26. The muscle that performs abduction of the thumb is _________________.
A. adductor pollicis
B. flexor pollicis longus
C. abductor pollicis longus
D. extensor pollicis brevis
27. Extensor indicis literally means extending the ___________________.
A. little finger
B. wrist
C. middle finger
D. index finger
28. The extensor digitorum originates on the __________________.
A. medial epicondyle of the humerus
B. radial tuberosity of the radius
C. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
D. coronoid process of the ulna
29. The flexor digitorum superficialis is above the _____________ muscle.
A. flexor digitorum profundus
B. flexor carpi radialis
C. flexor carpi ulnaris
D. brachioradialis
30. To demonstrate flexion of the wrist the therapist would move the
A. back of the hand toward the posterior aspect of the forearm.
B. palm of the hand toward the anterior aspect of the forearm.
C. little finger toward the ulna.
D. thumb toward the radius.
31. Movement of the thumb across the palm is called _____________.
A. abduction of the thumb
B. adduction of the thumb
C. opposition of the thumb
D. flexion of the thumb
32. The structure that spans the top of the carpal tunnel is called the ____________.
A. flexor retinaculum
B. palmaris longus
C. capitate
D. extensor retinaculum
33. The flexors and extensors of the wrist are considered to be __________ for the actions of flexion and extension.
A. synergists
B. neutralizers
C. abductors
D. antagonists
34. The flexor carpi radialis inserts on the ___________________.
A. base of the 3rd metacarpal, dorsal surface
B. base of the 4th metacarpal, palmar surface
C. base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal, palmar surface
D. pisiform
35. The flexor carpi ulnaris inserts on the ___________________.
A. sides of the shafts of the four fingers (palmar surface)
B. base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform and hamate (palmar surface)
C. base of the 3rd metacarpal, pisiform and hamate (palmar surface)
D. pisiform and hamate only (palmar surface)
36. A powerful way to strengthen the extensor and flexors of the wrist is by using a
A. squeeze putty.
B. pulley.
C. dumbbell.
D. wrist roller.
37. This muscle is important in any sports activity that requires powerful wrist extension, such as golf or tennis.
A. Supinator
B. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
C. Palmaris longus
D. Flexor carpi radialis
38. These are the most powerful of the wrist flexors.
A. Biceps brachii and brachialis
B. Supinator and pronator teres
C. Palmaris longus and brachialis
D. Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
39. This muscle is often used for tendon repair in surgery.
A. Flexor digitorum profundus
B. Palmaris longus
C. Flexor pollicis longus
D. Extensor carpi radialis longus
40. Strengthening the wrist and forearm is helpful to what condition?
A. Carpal tunnel
B. Lymphitis
C. Arthritis
D. Bursitis
41. What forearm muscle is often absent?
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
B. Extensor carpi radialis longus
C. Palmaris longus
D. Extensor carpi radialis longus
42. Using a resistance ball on the 4th finger will challenge what muscle at the medial epicondyle?
A. Extensor digitorum
B. Flexor digitorum
C. Abductor pollicis longus
D. Extensor digiti minimi
43. The primary function of the abductor pollicis longus muscle is
A. adduction of the thumb.
B. abduction of the thumb.
C. flexion of the wrist.
D. abduction of the wrist.
44. The primary function of the flexor pollicis longus muscle is
A. flex the little finger.
B. grip objects.
C. abduction of the thumb.
D. flexion of the thumb.
45. This often overused muscle, because of its insertion, is used in any type of gripping, squeezing, or hand-clenching activity.
A. Anatomical leverage system
B. Flexor digitorum superficialis
C. Flexor digitorum profundus
D. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
46. The __________ muscles of the wrist and hand can be grouped according to function and location.
A. extrinsic
B. intrinsic
C. lateral
D. medial
47. The wrist extensors have their origin on the _________.
A. medial epicondyle
B. radius
C. lateral epicondyle
D. ulna
48. Stretching of the abductor pollicis longus is accomplished by fully flexing and adducting the entire thumb across the _________ with the wrist fully adducted.
A. dorsal hand
B. palm
C. ulna
D. carpal tunnel
49. de Quervain's tenosynovitis involves this muscle.
A. Abductor pollicis longus
B. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
C. Opponens digiti minimi
D. Flexor pollicis brevis
50. The metacarpal of the thumb is adducted by the
A. opponens digiti minimi.
B. abductor digiti minimi.
C. flexor digiti minimi brevis.
D. adductor pollicis.
Fill in the Blank Questions
51. Another name for abduction of the wrist is ______________.
________________________________________
52. Another name for adduction of the wrist is ________________.
________________________________________
53. The proximal carpal bones consist of ____________, ____________, ____________ and _____________.
________________________________________
54. The distal carpal bones consist of _____________, _____________, ______________, and _______________.
________________________________________
55. The flexor retinaculum spans the top of the carpal tunnel from the _____________ to the ________________.
________________________________________
56. There are _________ metacarpal bones in the wrist.
________________________________________
57. There are _________ phalanxes in the fingers.
________________________________________
58. The phalanxes are divided into __________, _____________, and ___________ from the metacarpals.
________________________________________
59. The palmaris longus only _____________ in weak wrist flexion.
________________________________________
60. Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris are considered to be ________ for the action of adduction of the wrist.
________________________________________
61. The muscles that extend the pinky finger are ___________ and _____________.
________________________________________
62. The muscle that does not originate at the medial epicondyle that assists in flexion the fingers is the _________________.
________________________________________
63. The flexor pollicis longus not only flexes the thumb but it assists in ___________ and _____________.
________________________________________
64. Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and the flexor carpi radialis assist in __________ of the wrist.
________________________________________
65. The extensor digitorum inserts into the _____________________.
________________________________________
66. The flexor digitorum superficial and flexor digitorum profundus are ___________
flexors.
________________________________________
67. The flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi radialis are the most powerful wrist ________.
________________________________________
68. Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ___________ nerve.
________________________________________
69. The ulna attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis is the ________________.
________________________________________
70. The flexor digitorum profundus is in part responsible for the ability of the hand to have gross _____________.
________________________________________
71. Palpate the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and brevis on the __________ side of the wrist.
________________________________________
72. The thumb muscle that is present in the carpal tunnel is the ____________.
________________________________________
73. The strong wrist flexor that goes through the carpal tunnel is the ____________.
________________________________________
74. The eight tendons that are finger flexors that go through the carpal tunnel are the _________________ and _______________.
________________________________________
75. The extensor carpi radialis longus is located ___________ and ___________ just medial to the bulk of the brachioradialis.
________________________________________
True / False Questions
1. The wrist and hand contain 27 bones including the radius and ulna.
FALSE
There are actually 29 bones in the wrist and hand including the radius and ulna.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-6
2. The flexor retinaculum is a tissue bridge that covers the carpal tunnel.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Learning Outcome: 10-6
3. The wrist is classified as a hinge or ginglymus joint.
FALSE
The wrist is classified as a condyloid joint and has actions of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-8
4. Movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect of the hand is called opposition.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-8
5. The palmaris longus originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
FALSE
The palmaris longus originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
6. The wrist flexors and extensors contribute to abduction and adduction of the wrist.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
7. Both the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons go through the carpal tunnel.
TRUE
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-11
8. The extensor digiti minimi originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
FALSE
The extensor digiti minimi originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
9. The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
TRUE
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-1
10. The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle has 4 sites of origin.
FALSE
The flexor digitorum superficialis has 3 sites of origin at the medial epicondyle of the humerus, on the ulna, and on the radius.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
Multiple Choice Questions
11. The nerve that travels through the carpal tunnel is the ___________.
A. ulnar nerve
B. radial nerve
C. median nerve
D. musculocutaneous nerve
Only the median nerve traverses through the carpal tunnel.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-11
12. The carpal bone located most centrally inferior to the 3rd phalange is called the _________.
A. capitate
B. hamate
C. lunate
D. pisiform
The capitate is the carpal bone that is described as located inferior to the 3rd phalange.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Learning Outcome: 10-6
13. There are _________ carpal bones that form the wrist.
A. 6
B. 7
C. 10
D. 8
There are 8 carpal bones in the wrist.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-6
14. The _________________ is a carpal bone that if it is depressed can shrink the size of the carpal tunnel.
A. hamate
B. capitate
C. lunate
D. trapezium
The capitate is centrally positioned and if depressed can shrink the size of the carpal tunnel.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
15. The distal interphalangeal joints are classified as _____________ joints.
A. condyloid
B. saddle-type
C. ginglymus or hinge
D. pivot
The only action of the DIP joints is flexion and extension, hence they are hinge joints.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-8
16. The metacarpophalangeal joints or knuckles are classified as _________________ joints.
A. pivot
B. condyloid
C. ginglymus
D. saddle-type
The metacarpophalangeal joints are capable of performing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction and are classified therefore as condyloid joints.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-8
17. The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is classified as a(n) ______________ joint and can perform _______________.
A. saddle-type; opposition
B. ginglymus; flexion and extension
C. pivot; rotation
D. condyloid; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is capable of opposition because of its unique saddle-type shape.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-8
18. The muscle that inserts into the palmar aponeurosis of the hand, but does not go through the carpal tunnel, is the ________________ muscle.
A. flexor carpi radialis
B. flexor carpi ulnaris
C. flexor digitorum superficialis
D. palmaris longus
The palmaris longus is superficial to the carpal tunnel and inserts into the palmar aponeurosis of the hand.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
19. The palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris all originate from the ____________________.
A. lateral epicondyle
B. medial epicondyle
C. radial tuberosity
D. coronoid process of the ulna
The flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus all originate from the medial epicondyle.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
20. The proximal interphalangeal joints are classified as _____________ joints.
A. ball-and-socket
B. pivot
C. ginglymus or hinge
D. condyloid
The PIP joints can only do flexion and extension and are therefore hinge joints.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
Learning Outcome: 10-6
21. Pollicis in the words extensor pollicis longus or flexor pollicis longus is defined as the ____________.
A. digit
B. phalange
C. great toe
D. thumb
Pollicis means thumb.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-1
22. The extensor radialis longus, extensor radialis brevis, and extensor ulnaris all originate from the ______________.
A. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
B. medial epicondyle of the humerus
C. syloid process of the radius
D. coronoid process of the ulna
Extensors do stem from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and these three long muscles originate at this attachment.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
23. Flexor carpi radialis flexes the wrist and _____________.
A. adducts the hand at the wrist
B. extends the wrist
C. abducts the hand at the wrist
D. rotates the hand
The flexor carpi radialis assists the action of abduction of the hand at the wrist with other muscles.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-8
24. The muscle that inserts at the base of the distal phalanges of four fingers is the ______________________ muscle.
A. flexor digitorum superficialis
B. flexor carpi ulnaris
C. flexor digitorum profundus
D. flexor pollicis longus
The flexor digitorum profundus inserts in the base of the distal phalanges of the four fingers and performs flexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
25. The extensor pollicis brevis inserts on the ___________________.
A. base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal)
B. base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal)
C. base of the 1st metacarpal (dorsal)
D. pisiform and hamate
The extensor pollicis brevis is the shorter of the two thumb extensors and inserts on the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal).
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
26. The muscle that performs abduction of the thumb is _________________.
A. adductor pollicis
B. flexor pollicis longus
C. abductor pollicis longus
D. extensor pollicis brevis
Named for its action the abductor pollicis longus abducts the thumb.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-8
27. Extensor indicis literally means extending the ___________________.
A. little finger
B. wrist
C. middle finger
D. index finger
Indicis refers to the index finger. Extensor indicis points the index finger among other actions.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
28. The extensor digitorum originates on the __________________.
A. medial epicondyle of the humerus
B. radial tuberosity of the radius
C. lateral epicondyle of the humerus
D. coronoid process of the ulna
The extensor digitorum does originate on the lateral epicondyle.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
29. The flexor digitorum superficialis is above the _____________ muscle.
A. flexor digitorum profundus
B. flexor carpi radialis
C. flexor carpi ulnaris
D. brachioradialis
The flexor digitorum superficialis is layered on top of the flexor digitorum profundus. The flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi radialis, and brachioradialis are all superficial to the flexor digitorum superficialis.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
30. To demonstrate flexion of the wrist the therapist would move the
A. back of the hand toward the posterior aspect of the forearm.
B. palm of the hand toward the anterior aspect of the forearm.
C. little finger toward the ulna.
D. thumb toward the radius.
Flexion of the wrist draws the palm toward the anterior side of the forearm.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
31. Movement of the thumb across the palm is called _____________.
A. abduction of the thumb
B. adduction of the thumb
C. opposition of the thumb
D. flexion of the thumb
Opposition is drawing the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
32. The structure that spans the top of the carpal tunnel is called the ____________.
A. flexor retinaculum
B. palmaris longus
C. capitate
D. extensor retinaculum
The flexor retinaculum is a tissue bridge that connects the two sides of the carpal tunnel.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
33. The flexors and extensors of the wrist are considered to be __________ for the actions of flexion and extension.
A. synergists
B. neutralizers
C. abductors
D. antagonists
The actions of flexion and extension are opposing actions; flexors and extensors would be antagonists.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
34. The flexor carpi radialis inserts on the ___________________.
A. base of the 3rd metacarpal, dorsal surface
B. base of the 4th metacarpal, palmar surface
C. base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal, palmar surface
D. pisiform
The flexor carpi radialis inserts on the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal of the palmar surface.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
35. The flexor carpi ulnaris inserts on the ___________________.
A. sides of the shafts of the four fingers (palmar surface)
B. base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform and hamate (palmar surface)
C. base of the 3rd metacarpal, pisiform and hamate (palmar surface)
D. pisiform and hamate only (palmar surface)
The flexor carpi ulnaris spans down the ulnar side of the forearm for the most lateral attachment at the base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform, and hamate bones on the palmar surface.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
36. A powerful way to strengthen the extensor and flexors of the wrist is by using a
A. squeeze putty.
B. pulley.
C. dumbbell.
D. wrist roller.
This exercise works the muscles of the forearm both eccentrically and concentrically.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
37. This muscle is important in any sports activity that requires powerful wrist extension, such as golf or tennis.
A. Supinator
B. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
C. Palmaris longus
D. Flexor carpi radialis
Stretching the extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus requires that the elbow be extended with the forearm pronated while the wrist is passively flexed and slightly adducted.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
38. These are the most powerful of the wrist flexors.
A. Biceps brachii and brachialis
B. Supinator and pronator teres
C. Palmaris longus and brachialis
D. Flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
Both are brought into play during any activity that requires wrist curling or wrist stabilization against resistance, particularly if the forearm is supinated.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
39. This muscle is often used for tendon repair in surgery.
A. Flexor digitorum profundus
B. Palmaris longus
C. Flexor pollicis longus
D. Extensor carpi radialis longus
The palmaris longus is absent in either one or both forearms in some people.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Difficult
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-9
40. Strengthening the wrist and forearm is helpful to what condition?
A. Carpal tunnel
B. Lymphitis
C. Arthritis
D. Bursitis
Keeping the forearm strong is beneficial to proper forearm and wrist movements.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
41. What forearm muscle is often absent?
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
B. Extensor carpi radialis longus
C. Palmaris longus
D. Extensor carpi radialis longus
The palmaris longus is involved only in weak wrist flexion from the anatomical position because of its central location on the anterior forearm and wrist.
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-9
42. Using a resistance ball on the 4th finger will challenge what muscle at the medial epicondyle?
A. Extensor digitorum
B. Flexor digitorum
C. Abductor pollicis longus
D. Extensor digiti minimi
Using a squeeze ball is a good exercise to include in any prescribed exercise program for carpal tunnel and epicondylitis.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
43. The primary function of the abductor pollicis longus muscle is
A. adduction of the thumb.
B. abduction of the thumb.
C. flexion of the wrist.
D. abduction of the wrist.
Stretching of the abductor pollicis longus is accomplished by fully flexing and adducting the entire thumb across the palm with the wrist fully adducted.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
44. The primary function of the flexor pollicis longus muscle is
A. flex the little finger.
B. grip objects.
C. abduction of the thumb.
D. flexion of the thumb.
Because of its palmar relationship to the wrist, it provides some assistance in wrist flexion.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
45. This often overused muscle, because of its insertion, is used in any type of gripping, squeezing, or hand-clenching activity.
A. Anatomical leverage system
B. Flexor digitorum superficialis
C. Flexor digitorum profundus
D. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Both the flexor digitorum profundus muscle and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle assist in wrist flexion because of their palmar relationship to the wrist.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-9
46. The __________ muscles of the wrist and hand can be grouped according to function and location.
A. extrinsic
B. intrinsic
C. lateral
D. medial
There are six muscles that move the wrist, but that do not cross the hand to move the fingers and thumb.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-9
47. The wrist extensors have their origin on the _________.
A. medial epicondyle
B. radius
C. lateral epicondyle
D. ulna
These include the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
Bloom's: Comprehension
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-7
48. Stretching of the abductor pollicis longus is accomplished by fully flexing and adducting the entire thumb across the _________ with the wrist fully adducted.
A. dorsal hand
B. palm
C. ulna
D. carpal tunnel
To achieve this, make a tight fist with the thumb tucked inside the fingers. Extend the elbow, and use the other hand to clasp the involved fist.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-12
49. de Quervain's tenosynovitis involves this muscle.
A. Abductor pollicis longus
B. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
C. Opponens digiti minimi
D. Flexor pollicis brevis
The abductor pollicis longus has a tendon sheath that, when used repetitively, can be irritated and become inflamed.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-7
Learning Outcome: 10-9
50. The metacarpal of the thumb is adducted by the
A. opponens digiti minimi.
B. abductor digiti minimi.
C. flexor digiti minimi brevis.
D. adductor pollicis.
Both the flexor pollicis brevis and the adductor pollicis flex the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-7
Learning Outcome: 10-9
Fill in the Blank Questions
51. Another name for abduction of the wrist is ______________.
radial deviation; radial flexion
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
52. Another name for adduction of the wrist is ________________.
ulnar deviation; ulnar flexion
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
53. The proximal carpal bones consist of ____________, ____________, ____________ and _____________.
scaphoid; lunate; triquetrum; pisiform
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
54. The distal carpal bones consist of _____________, _____________, ______________, and _______________.
trapezium; trapezoid; capitate; hamate
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
55. The flexor retinaculum spans the top of the carpal tunnel from the _____________ to the ________________.
hook of the hamate; tubercle of the trapezium
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
56. There are _________ metacarpal bones in the wrist.
5
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
57. There are _________ phalanxes in the fingers.
14
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
58. The phalanxes are divided into __________, _____________, and ___________ from the metacarpals.
proximal; middle; distal
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Outcome: 10-2
Learning Outcome: 10-3
Learning Outcome: 10-4
59. The palmaris longus only _____________ in weak wrist flexion.
assists
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
60. Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris are considered to be ________ for the action of adduction of the wrist.
synergists
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
61. The muscles that extend the pinky finger are ___________ and _____________.
extensor digitorum; extensor digiti minimi
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
62. The muscle that does not originate at the medial epicondyle that assists in flexion the fingers is the _________________.
flexor digitorum profundus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-7
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
63. The flexor pollicis longus not only flexes the thumb but it assists in ___________ and _____________.
flexion; abduction of the wrist
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
64. Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and the flexor carpi radialis assist in __________ of the wrist.
abduction
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
65. The extensor digitorum inserts into the _____________________.
base of the middle phalanges of four fingers (dorsal surface)
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
66. The flexor digitorum superficial and flexor digitorum profundus are ___________
flexors.
finger
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
67. The flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi radialis are the most powerful wrist ________.
flexors
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
68. Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the ___________ nerve.
ulnar
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-1
69. The ulna attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis is the ________________.
medial coronoid process of the ulna
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-5
Learning Outcome: 10-6
Learning Outcome: 10-7
70. The flexor digitorum profundus is in part responsible for the ability of the hand to have gross _____________.
closure
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-10
Learning Outcome: 10-8
Learning Outcome: 10-9
71. Palpate the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and brevis on the __________ side of the wrist.
dorsal
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-6
72. The thumb muscle that is present in the carpal tunnel is the ____________.
flexor pollicis longus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-11
73. The strong wrist flexor that goes through the carpal tunnel is the ____________.
flexor carpi radialis
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-11
74. The eight tendons that are finger flexors that go through the carpal tunnel are the _________________ and _______________.
flexor digitorum superficialis; the flexor digitorum profundus
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-11
75. The extensor carpi radialis longus is located ___________ and ___________ just medial to the bulk of the brachioradialis.
posterior; proximally
Bloom's: Application
Bloom's: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Outcome: 10-6
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