The Muscular System: Study Guide - Honors anatomy and ...



Unit 5 Study Guide: The Muscular System

1. Smooth Skeletal Cardiac

A. Control:

B. Nuclei:

C. Location:

D: Appearance:

2. What are the functions of the muscular system as a whole?

3. What are the levels of organization of a muscle from smallest to largest?

4. Match the following membranes to the level of skeletal muscle they incase:

_______Endomysium a. membrane encasing an entire skeletal muscle

_______Epimysium b. membrane surrounding a fascicle

_______Perimysium c. membrane inside fascicles, between muscle fibers

_______Sarcolemma d. membrane around an individual muscle fiber

5. Match the following divisions of skeletal muscle with it’s function:

_______Fascicle a. an entire skeletal muscle

_______Fiber b. an individual muscle cell

_______Myofibril c. contractile unit that makes up myofibrils

_______Myofilament d. discrete bundle of muscle fibers

_______Sarcomere e. thin threads that make up a muscle fiber

_______Whole Muscle f. thinnest threads that make up sarcomeres; include actin and myosin

6. What is the function of a sarcomere?

7. What is the Z-line? What is it composed of?

8. Muscle fibers are ______________________ because they can respond to stimuli, and ____________________ because they shorten.

9. What three components make up a neuromuscular junction?

10. What is a neurotransmitter? What is the specific neurotransmitter important to the muscular system?

11. What ion generates a muscle contraction?

12. Correctly order the steps of a muscle contraction:

a. _______ Myosin releases actin myofilaments

b. _______ Sarcoplasmic reticulum takes in Ca ions

c. _______ Action potential travels length of muscle causing sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca ions.

d. _______ Impulse sent from brain

e. _______ The action potential causes neurotransmitter to be released from the nerve ending.

f. _______ Ca binds to troponin on the actin filament

g. _______ Ach diffuses across cleft and binds to sarcolemma.

h. _______ Muscle relaxes

i. _______ Tropomyosin changes shape and reveals the active binding site

j. _______ Myosin heads bind to actin, causing actin to be pulled towards the center of the

sarcomere and muscle contraction to occur

13. Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration and why those processes are important to the muscular system. In what organelle does respiration take place?

14. What is oxygen debt?

15. What are the effects of aging on the muscular system?

16. Describe how the muscular system interacts with at least 3 other systems of the body:

17. What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

18. What is a motor unit?

19. Compare and contrast red and white muscle in the table below.

|Property |Fast Fibers/White Muscle |Slow Fibers/Red Muscle |

|Diameter of fibers | | |

|Contraction Speed | | |

|Resistance to Fatigue | | |

|Capillary Supply | | |

|Number of Mitochondria Present | | |

|Where found in chicken | | |

20. What molecule does ATP transfer extra energy to?

21. What is rigor mortis? How long does it last?

22. What is tetanus? Is there a cure?

23. What is muscular dystrophy? What causes it? Who is predominantly affected?

24. What is myasthenis gravis? What causes it?

25. What is botulism? What causes it?

26. Label the following structures on the picture below: Z line, H zone, I band, A band, dark bands, light bands, sarcomere, actin, myosin

[pic]

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download