North East Independent School District



List the body systems you know - 12Integumentary Skeletal MuscularNervousSpecial SensesCirculatoryLymphaticRespiratory DigestiveUrinaryEndocrineReproductive Name planes of the body and draw a picturePlanesTransverse – divides superior inferior Midsagital – divides right and leftFrontal/Coronal – divides anterior and posterior Anatomic Position - Facing Forward Directional TermsMedial – towards midlineDistal and lateral – away from midlineProximal – close to the point of reference List the body cavities and organs containedVentral- Thoracic AbdominalPelvicDorsalCranialSpinal Integumentary SystemActivity: Color/ Shade hair, sweat and oil glands, nails, and skin Function: Protection - barrier for germs, holds moisture Sensory perception- nerves Body Temperature Regulation – through bld vessels Storage – fat, sugar, water, vitamins Absorption – medication Excretion – perspiration – salt Production – Vitamin D picked up from sun matures in liver Diseases Acne – inflammation of the sebaceous glands Athletes foot – fungus infection, itches, blisters, sores crack Cancer – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma Layers of skin Epidermis – outermost layerDermis – corium – true skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles Subcutaneous – hypodermis – innermost layer connects skin to underlying muscles VocabEpidermis epi – above derm- skin is- ending nounDermis Subcutaneous Sub – below cutane – skin Fun Facts about the Integumentary SystemYour nails grow .5mm per week.You will shed 40lbs of skin in a lifetimeYour eyelids have the thinnest skinThe average amount of head hair is 120,000Skin is the body's largest organ15% of total body weight Skeletal SystemShade and label 10 bones Functions:Framework – support muscles, fat, and skinProtection – for organsLevers – tendons – muscles attach to bonesProduction - of blood cells – hemopoiesis Storage – calcium supply Disease Bursitis – saclike fluid surrounding joints Osteoporosis – soft bones Ruptured disk – intervertebral disk slides out places pressure on spinal nerve. Key InformationScoliosis – side to side or lateral curvature of spine Lumbar – Vertebrae located at the waist Comminuted Fracture – bone fragments or splinters Compound fracture – bone break that pierces skin Joints – areas where two + bones join together True ribs – first seven pairsDiaphysis – shaft of long bones Fun Facts about the Skeletal System: The adult human body has 206 of them.There are 26 bones in the human foot.The human hand, including the wrist, contains 54 bones.The femur, or thighbone, is the longest and strongest bone of the human skeleton.The stapes, in the middle ear, is the smallest and lightest bone of the human skeleton.Muscular SystemChoose 10 muscles from page 83 to label include: Tibialis Anterior Rectus Femoris Gluteus Maximus Pectoralis Major Trapezius Rectus Abdominis Functions:Attach to bone to provide voluntary movementProduce heat and energy for the bodyHelp maintain postureProtect internal organs Disease/Conditions Fibromyalgia Chronic, widespread pain in specific muscles sites. Muscular dystrophy group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy. Atrophy – weakness or wearing away Types of Muscle Cardiac – Involuntary – heart contracts circulates blood Visceral/Smooth – Involuntary – internal organs Skeletal – Voluntary – cause body movement Key Information Extension – Increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part.Fascia- tough, sheetlike membrane Circumduction – moving joint in a circular motion Muscular System Fun Facts: Humans are born with all the muscle fibers they will ever have.It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown.Masseter muscle is the strongest in the body There are three types of muscle, skeletal, cardiac, and smoothThere are around 650 skeletal muscles in the human bodyQuiz W November 8AcneAthletes FootEczemaArthritis FracturesOsteoporosisMuscular dystrophy Atrophy Skin layers Ruptured disc Nervous SystemActivity: List and show the five senses Sight touch hearing taste smell Activity: List and shade the parts of the Nervous System ( two colors) Central – brain and spinal cord Peripheral – Somatic and Autonomic sight, hearing, smell, taste, touchFunction:Coordinates all the activities of the body Parts of Brain Frontal – EmotionsParietal – Sensory (motor, pain, heat, touch)Temporal – Hearing SmellOccipital – Vision Cerebellum – Muscle Tone, Equilibrium Brainstem – Eye reflexes, breathing chewing taste Disease:Cerebral Palsy – No cure – disturbance in voluntary muscle action caused by brain damage. Lack of oxygen to brain. Epilepsy – abnormal electric impulses in the neurons of brain. Parkinson’s – chronic, progressive condition involving degeneration of brain cells. Steve Gleason – ALS evening of hope Facts: Nervous System/Special Senses In humans, the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, while the left side of the brain controls the right side.A newborn baby’s brain grows almost 3 times during the course of the first year. Your sense of smell is closely linked to your memoryEighty percent of what we experience as taste is actually smellYour eyes are capable of processing 36,000 pieces of information per hour:?Circulatory SystemConsist of heart, blood vessels and blood. Activity – Color Heart Draw a box with four squares. Label:Function Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body cells, and carbon dioxide and metabolic material away from the body cells. DiseaseAnemia – inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both. Aneurysm – ballooning out of artery wallEmbolus – foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream. Examples: air, blood clot, fat globule. Myocardial infarction – heart attack – blockage of the coronary arteries cuts off the supply of blood to the heart. Important FactsRight Atrium – chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood as it returns from the body.Veins – blood vessels that contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards The bright red color of blood indicates hemoglobin carrying oxygen. Aorta – largest artery in the body Varicose Veins – Dilated, swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis or decreased blood flow. Arteries – Blood vessels that are more muscular and elastic that are the other blood vessels Fun Facts Circulatory System60,000 miles longBeats approximately 115,000 per day Rt side pumps to lungs Lt side to body 20 seconds for bld cell to circle bodyTransports oxygen, waste, and nutrients Lymphatic SystemActivity: Draw and label the components of the Lymphatic SystemFunction: Fights infection Function of: Spleen – produces leukocytes and antibodies destroys old erythrocytes filters waste Tonsils – Filters interstitial fluid – Thymus – atrophies after puberty, produces antibodies and lymphocytes Lymph – composed of water, digested nutrients, salts, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lymphocytes and metabolic waste. DiseaseAdenitis – inflammation of the lymph nodes. Hodgkin’s – chronic, malignant. Painless swelling Tx: chemotherapy and radiation.Tonsillitis: Inflammation of tonsils Important FactsLeukocytes – blood cells that fight infection Erythrocytes – blood cells that contain hemoglobin Fun Facts:Tonsils are a cluster of lymph cellsIt’s a Fighter – creating white bld cellsThymus is the most important partLike a sewer- draining waste from cells500-700 nodes throughout body Respiratory SystemLabel the parts of the Respiratory SystemNoseAlveoliPharynxLungs Larynx Trachea BronchiFunction: Responsible for taking in oxygen Disease: Asthma – respiratory disorder – caused by allergen, such as pollen, animals , or food. Wheezing.Emphysema – occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and elasticity. Poor exchange of gases. Cause: Heavy Smoking Influenza – Flu – highly contagious – viral – antibiotics not effective. Key Facts:Asthma Cilia – tiny hair like structures that filter inhaled air to trap dust and pathogens Laynx – correct name for the voice box Alveoli – structures that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. Emphysema Pleura – membrane/sac that encloses each lung In order to carry air to both lungs, the trachea branches into two tubes called bronchi We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.Over time, breathing through the mouth can actually lead to shrinkage of your jaw, which can then result in crooked teeth.The common cold is caused by 200 different viruses, and those viruses can survive on a surface for up to three days.Paper and something to write with Digestive System - Gastrointestinal SystemAlimentary Canal includes:Label the parts of the Alimentary Canal MouthPharynxEsophagusStomachSmall IntestineLarge IntestineRectumAnus Function: Digest food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste. Accessory Organs Gallbladder small muscular sacstores bileAttached to liver Liver – largest gland in the body secretes bileDetoxifies harmful substances Pancreas contains enzymes to digest food Located behind the stomach Disease Appendicitis – results from an obstruction and infection. Tx – appendectomy Hernia – rupture – internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall. Cirrhosis – chronic destruction of liver cells Important FactsBile -emulsify fats, necessary for absorption Largest gland in body _____Order of the parts of the Alimentary CanalFun FactsThe average human being?has over 400 different species of bacteria in their colonThe stomach of an adult holds up to 1.5 liters of food and food stays here for 2 to 3 hoursThe whole digestive tract is over 29 feet long, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus1.7 liters of saliva is produced each day.In the mouth, food is either cooled or warmed to a more suitable temperature.Urinary System – Excretory System Label the parts of the Urinary System Kidneys – 2Ureters – 2Bladder Urethra Function: removing waste, excess water, and maintaining acid base balance. Kidneys – two bean shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column. Filters blood. Ureters – two muscular tubes 10-12 inches long. Lead from the kidneys to the bladderBladder - hollow muscular sac. Urge to urinate when full – 1 cup. Can hold much more. Urethra – tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Diseases Renal Calculus – Kidney stone – salts in urineLodges in ureter. Tx – fluids, pain medication, straining all urine, lithotripsy.Renal failure – Tx dialysis cure: transplant Uremia – toxic condition, urine in bld streamImportant Facts:Polyuria – Excessive Urine Nephrons – microscopic filtering units located in the kidneys.Fun Facts:The average person pees about 3000 times a year.Kidney stones are most common among white males over the age of 30. All of the blood in a person's body cycles through the kidneys approximately 400 times dailyIn the Middle Ages, it was not uncommon for alchemists to try to extract element out of urine. The most common element that alchemists try to get from a person’s urine was gold.Darker colored urine indicates that there is not enough fluid in the human body.Endocrine System Label the parts of the Endocrine SystemPineal GlandHypothalamus GlandPituitary Gland Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands ThymusAdrenal Glands Pancreas OvariesTesticles Function: Function: Ductless glands (without tubes) secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body processes including temperature, growth and development, metabolism. Diseases:Goiter – enlargement of thyroid glandGiantism - excessive long bone growth- over secretion of Somatotropin before puberty Diabetes – decreased secretion of insulin Important Facts:Related Health Careers: Dietician Endocrinologist Nuclear Medicine TechnologistPituitary Gland – master gland – produces many hormones that affect other glands Facts:The study of endocrinology can be traced back to China over 2,000 years?Osteoporosis connected to the endocrine systemBut the term "hormone" wasn't coined until the early 1900s.Reproductive SystemActivity Label patient male or female based on organs shown. Function – to produce lifeSTDs – affect both males and females PID – Pelvic Inflammatory Disease – inflammation of the cervix Ovarian Cancer – most common causes of cancer deaths in women. Tx – removal of reproductive organs. Malignant – Harmful or dangerous; likely to spread and cause destruction and death Benign – Not cancerous Important Information Know the function Benign Malignant *Full details in spring – Big Decisions FactsIn a fetus, fingerprints are acquired at the age of 3 months (first trimester).?A pregnant woman's dental health influences the health of fetus. ................
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