University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences



BIBB 060: Music and the BrainThursday, 2-5 Room 202 LynchLead vocals: Mike Kaplanmkap@sas.upenn.eduEvery human culture that has ever been described makes some form of music. The musics of different cultures cover a wide range of styles, but also display fascinating similarities, and a number of features are shared by even the most disparate musical traditions. Within our own culture, music is inescapable- there are very few individuals who do not listen to some form of music every day, and far more who listen to music virtually all day long. Appreciation of music comes very early- newborns prefer music to normal speech, and parents all over the world sing to their babies, and what’s more, they do so in a fundamentally similar way. And yet, despite this seeming ubiquity, the real origin and purpose of music remains unknown. Music is obviously related to language, but how? Why do so many cultures make music in such similar ways? What goes into the formation of musical "taste" and preferences? What is the nature of musical ability, and how do musicians differ from non-musicians? Does music have survival value, either for the individual or for the group, or is it merely "auditory cheesecake", a superfluous byproduct of evolution? In this course, we will look for answers by looking at the brain. Almost 200 years of scientific research into brain mechanisms underlying the production and appreciation of music is increasingly shedding light on these and other questions. Although the sciences and the arts are often seen as entirely separate or even in opposition, studying the brain is actually telling us a lot about music, and studying music is telling us just as much about the brain.Class meets weekly, Thursdays from 2-5 in room 202, Lynch Laboratories (and sometimes, Leidy 12). Most classes will be divided into two parts, separated by a short break (* * *). There will be weekly readings from classic texts but also from the primary literature, and short assignments from time to time to help guide you through the reading. Grades will be based on these assignments (20 points), a take-home midterm (30 points), and a presentation and short paper on a topic of your choice (50 points).CLASSDATETOPIC1Sept3OvertureIntroduction to biomusicology, ethnomusicology and the study of musical universals. * * *Overview of topics and techniquesCLASSDATETOPIC2 Sept 10Musical universals (and near-universals) IIReading: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Peretz</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>880</RecNum><DisplayText>(Peretz, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>880</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">880</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Peretz, I.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), University of Montreal, Que., Canada. Isabelle.Peretz@umontreal.ca</auth-address><titles><title>The nature of music from a biological perspective</title><secondary-title>Cognition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Cognition</full-title><abbr-1>Cognition</abbr-1></periodical><pages>1-32</pages><volume>100</volume><number>1</number><edition>2006/02/21</edition><keywords><keyword>Auditory Perception/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Behavior/*physiology</keyword><keyword>Emotions</keyword><keyword>Genetics, Behavioral</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Instinct</keyword><keyword>Language Development</keyword><keyword>Music/*psychology</keyword><keyword>Pitch Perception/physiology</keyword><keyword>Psychophysiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0010-0277 (Print)&#xD;0010-0277 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16487953</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>(05)00220-9 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.cognition.2005.11.004</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Peretz, 2006) Optional readings: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Nettl</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>437</RecNum><DisplayText>(Nettl, 2000)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>437</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">437</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nettl, Bruno</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Wallin, N.L.</author><author>Merker B.</author><author>Brown S.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>An ethnomusicologist contemplates universals in musical sound and musical culture</title><secondary-title>The Origins of Music</secondary-title></titles><pages>463-479</pages><section>25</section><dates><year>2000</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, MA</pub-location><publisher>MIT Press</publisher><orig-pub>2000</orig-pub><isbn>0-262-23206-5</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Nettl, 2000), ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Brown</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>456</RecNum><DisplayText>(Brown and Jordania, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>456</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">456</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Brown, Steven</author><author>Jordania, Joseph</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Universals in the world&apos;s musics</title><secondary-title>Psychology of Music</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Psychology of Music</full-title></periodical><pages>1-20</pages><volume>40</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>December 15, 2011</date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url>;(Brown and Jordania, 2011)Musical universals, part II: listening for musical universals* * *Intro to neurons, part 1: Cajal and the neuron doctrine3Sept17Developmental neuromusicology: Reading: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Trehub</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><DisplayText>(Trehub, 2003)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>66</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">66</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Trehub, S. E.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada. sandra.trehub@utoronto.ca</auth-address><titles><title>The developmental origins of musicality</title><secondary-title>Nat Neurosci</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nat Neurosci</full-title></periodical><pages>669-73</pages><volume>6</volume><number>7</number><edition>2003/06/28</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Auditory Perception/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Child Development/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Child Psychology</keyword><keyword>Discrimination (Psychology)</keyword><keyword>Emotions</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Social Behavior</keyword><keyword>Social Environment</keyword><keyword>Triplets/psychology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1097-6256 (Print)</isbn><accession-num>12830157</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nn1084 [doi]&#xD;nn1084 [pii]</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Trehub, 2003)The musical predispositions of infantsDiscussion: predispositions, or early learning?* * *Guest speaker: Melanie Cedrone, Biomedical library specialist Using Pubmed, Psychinfo, and ScopusIntro to neurons, part 2: the resting potential4Sept24From sound to brainReading: Chapters 2 and 3 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Pierce</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>447</RecNum><DisplayText>(Pierce, 1992)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>447</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">447</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pierce, John Robinson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The science of musical sound</title></titles><pages>xi, 270 p.</pages><edition>Rev.</edition><keywords><keyword>Music Acoustics and physics.</keyword><keyword>Music Psychological aspects.</keyword><keyword>Sound.</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year></dates><pub-location>New York</pub-location><publisher>Freeman</publisher><isbn>0716760053</isbn><accession-num>1679181</accession-num><call-num>Van Pelt Library ML3807; .P5 1992</call-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Pierce, 1992)Intro to neurons, part 3: the action potentialLab: neuron demo in Leidy 12* * *Sound, strings and standing wavesThe ear (and especially, the cochlea)5Oct1Pitch and periodicityReading: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>McDermott</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>69</RecNum><DisplayText>(McDermott and Oxenham, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>69</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">69</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McDermott, J. H.</author><author>Oxenham, A. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States. joshmcd@umn.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Music perception, pitch, and the auditory system</title><secondary-title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</full-title></periodical><pages>452-63</pages><volume>18</volume><number>4</number><edition>2008/10/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Acoustic Stimulation/methods</keyword><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Auditory Perception/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Brain/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Pitch Discrimination/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Pitch Perception/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Psychoacoustics</keyword><keyword>Sound</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0959-4388 (Print)</isbn><accession-num>18824100</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>S0959-4388(08)00105-0 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.conb.2008.09.005 [doi]</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(McDermott and Oxenham, 2008, ) PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5aYXRvcnJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAwMzwvWWVhcj48

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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Loui et al., 2010).; optional reading: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bendor</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><DisplayText>(Bendor and Wang, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bendor, D.</author><author>Wang, X.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Cortical representations of pitch in monkeys and humans</title><secondary-title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</full-title></periodical><pages>391-9</pages><volume>16</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/07/18</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Auditory Cortex/ anatomy &amp; histology/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Auditory Pathways/ anatomy &amp; histology/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Geniculate Bodies/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology</keyword><keyword>Haplorhini/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Neurons/physiology</keyword><keyword>Pitch Perception/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Primates/anatomy &amp; histology/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Species Specificity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0959-4388 (Print)</isbn><accession-num>16842992</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>S0959-4388(06)00092-4 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.conb.2006.07.001 [doi]</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Bendor and Wang, 2006) (Zatorre, 2003),. Pitch salience and relative pitchLab exercise: analysis of sounds with and without pitch* * *Absolute pitch 6Oct8Consonance and dissonanceReading: Chapter 5 in ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Pierce</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>447</RecNum><DisplayText>(Pierce, 1992)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>447</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">447</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pierce, John Robinson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The science of musical sound</title></titles><pages>xi, 270 p.</pages><edition>Rev.</edition><keywords><keyword>Music Acoustics and physics.</keyword><keyword>Music Psychological aspects.</keyword><keyword>Sound.</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year></dates><pub-location>New York</pub-location><publisher>Freeman</publisher><isbn>0716760053</isbn><accession-num>1679181</accession-num><call-num>Van Pelt Library ML3807; .P5 1992</call-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Pierce, 1992); ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Tramo</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>3</RecNum><DisplayText>(Tramo et al., 2001)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tramo, M. J.</author><author>Cariani, P. A.</author><author>Delgutte, B.</author><author>Braida, L. D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2696, USA. mtramo@hms.harvard.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Neurobiological foundations for the theory of harmony in western tonal music</title><secondary-title>Ann N Y Acad Sci</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Ann N Y Acad Sci</full-title></periodical><pages>92-116</pages><volume>930</volume><edition>2001/07/19</edition><keywords><keyword>Auditory Cortex/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Models, Neurological</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Nervous System Physiology</keyword><keyword>Pitch Perception/physiology</keyword><keyword>Psychoacoustics</keyword><keyword>Western World</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2001</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0077-8923 (Print)</isbn><accession-num>11458869</accession-num><urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Tramo et al., 2001)Historical perspective: Pythagoras, Galileo and NewtonHelmholtz, beating and “roughness”* * *Search for and research topics for final projects7Oct15Consonance and dissonance 2: consonance = harmonicity? Reading: Chapter 6 in ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Pierce</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>447</RecNum><DisplayText>(Pierce, 1992)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>447</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">447</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pierce, John Robinson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The science of musical sound</title></titles><pages>xi, 270 p.</pages><edition>Rev.</edition><keywords><keyword>Music Acoustics and physics.</keyword><keyword>Music Psychological aspects.</keyword><keyword>Sound.</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year></dates><pub-location>New York</pub-location><publisher>Freeman</publisher><isbn>0716760053</isbn><accession-num>1679181</accession-num><call-num>Van Pelt Library ML3807; .P5 1992</call-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Pierce, 1992); ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>McDermott</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>338</RecNum><DisplayText>(McDermott et al., 2010)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>338</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">338</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McDermott, J. H.</author><author>Lehr, A. J.</author><author>Oxenham, A. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. jhm@cns.nyu.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Individual differences reveal the basis of consonance</title><secondary-title>Curr Biol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Biol</full-title></periodical><pages>1035-41</pages><volume>20</volume><number>11</number><edition>2010/05/25</edition><keywords><keyword>Acoustics</keyword><keyword>Auditory Perception/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Individuality</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Jun 8</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1879-0445 (Electronic)&#xD;0960-9822 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20493704</accession-num><urls></urls><custom2>2885564</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.019</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(McDermott et al., 2010); ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Cousineau</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>757</RecNum><DisplayText>(Cousineau et al., 2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>757</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">757</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cousineau, M.</author><author>McDermott, J. H.</author><author>Peretz, I.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) and Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7. marioncousineau@</auth-address><titles><title>The basis of musical consonance as revealed by congenital amusia</title><secondary-title>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</full-title></periodical><pages>19858-63</pages><volume>109</volume><number>48</number><edition>2012/11/15</edition><dates><year>2012</year><pub-dates><date>Nov 27</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1091-6490 (Electronic)&#xD;0027-8424 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>23150582</accession-num><urls></urls><custom2>3511708</custom2><electronic-resource-num>10.1073/pnas.1207989109</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Cousineau et al., 2012)Consonance, harmonicity and tonal fusion* * *Lab: sound spectra part II- intervalsDiscuss final projects8Oct22Scales (or, Pythagoras n’ me): Reading: Chapter 4 in ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Pierce</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>447</RecNum><DisplayText>(Pierce, 1992)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>447</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">447</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pierce, John Robinson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The science of musical sound</title></titles><pages>xi, 270 p.</pages><edition>Rev.</edition><keywords><keyword>Music Acoustics and physics.</keyword><keyword>Music Psychological aspects.</keyword><keyword>Sound.</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year></dates><pub-location>New York</pub-location><publisher>Freeman</publisher><isbn>0716760053</isbn><accession-num>1679181</accession-num><call-num>Van Pelt Library ML3807; .P5 1992</call-num><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Pierce, 1992); Chapter 10 (Deutsch, 1999) 9Oct29Comparative approaches: the music (?) of animalsReadings: Chapters 4 and 5, excerpts ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Brown</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>453</RecNum><DisplayText>(Brown et al., 2000)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>453</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">453</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Electronic Book">44</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Brown, Steven</author><author>Merker, Bj?rn</author><author>Wallin, Nils Lennart</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The origins of music</title></titles><keywords><keyword>Human evolution.</keyword><keyword>Music, Origin of Congresses.</keyword><keyword>Musicology.</keyword><keyword>Biomusicology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge, Mass.</pub-location><publisher>MIT Press</publisher><isbn>0262232065 (hc alk. paper)</isbn><accession-num>3877688</accession-num><work-type>PDF file</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>;(Brown et al., 2000) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>McDermott</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>37</RecNum><DisplayText>(McDermott and Hauser, 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>37</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">37</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McDermott, J.</author><author>Hauser, M. D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Perceptual Science Group, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jhm@MIT.EDU</auth-address><titles><title>Nonhuman primates prefer slow tempos but dislike music overall</title><secondary-title>Cognition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Cognition</full-title><abbr-1>Cognition</abbr-1></periodical><pages>654-68</pages><volume>104</volume><number>3</number><edition>2006/08/29</edition><keywords><keyword>Animals</keyword><keyword>Behavior, Animal/physiology</keyword><keyword>Callithrix</keyword><keyword>Choice Behavior</keyword><keyword>Leontopithecus</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Periodicity</keyword><keyword>Primates</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2007</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0010-0277 (Print)</isbn><accession-num>16935277</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>S0010-0277(06)00163-6 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.011 [doi]</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(McDermott and Hauser, 2007)Song learning and performance in zebra finchesSpecial guest vocalist: Dr. Marc Schmidt, Department of Biology* * *Comparative approaches: do animals make music?For classes 10-14 the second half of class will be used for student presentations10Nov5Music, language, and laterality: Reading: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Patel</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>413</RecNum><DisplayText>(Patel, 2003)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>413</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">413</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Patel, A. D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>The Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA. apatel@nsi.edu</auth-address><titles><title>Language, music, syntax and the brain</title><secondary-title>Nat Neurosci</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nat Neurosci</full-title></periodical><pages>674-81</pages><volume>6</volume><number>7</number><edition>2003/06/28</edition><keywords><keyword>Aphasia/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Auditory Perception/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Brain/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Brain Mapping</keyword><keyword>Electrophysiology/methods</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Language</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Mental Processes/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Psychological Theory</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year><pub-dates><date>Jul</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1097-6256 (Print)&#xD;1097-6256 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>12830158</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nn1082</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Patel, 2003) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Koelsch</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>62</RecNum><DisplayText>(Koelsch, 2005)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">62</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Koelsch, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Junior Research Group Neurocognition of Music, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. koelsch@cbs.mpg.de</auth-address><titles><title>Neural substrates of processing syntax and semantics in music</title><secondary-title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Curr Opin Neurobiol</full-title></periodical><pages>207-12</pages><volume>15</volume><number>2</number><edition>2005/04/16</edition><keywords><keyword>Acoustic Stimulation/methods</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Nerve Net/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Semantics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0959-4388 (Print)</isbn><accession-num>15831404</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>S0959-4388(05)00037-1 [pii]&#xD;10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.005 [doi]</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Koelsch, 2005)11Nov19Music, language, and laterality, part 2: The conversation continues.Reading: T.B.A.12Nov19Music and emotion: Readings: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Blood</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>398</RecNum><DisplayText>(Blood et al., 1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>398</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">398</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Blood, A. J.</author><author>Zatorre, R. J.</author><author>Bermudez, P.</author><author>Evans, A. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Neuropsychology/Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, PQ, Canada. ablood@bic.mni.mcgill.ca</auth-address><titles><title>Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions</title><secondary-title>Nat Neurosci</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nat Neurosci</full-title></periodical><pages>382-7</pages><volume>2</volume><number>4</number><edition>1999/04/16</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Brain Mapping</keyword><keyword>Cerebrovascular Circulation</keyword><keyword>Emotions/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Frontal Lobe/physiology</keyword><keyword>Gyrus Cinguli/physiology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Limbic System/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Music</keyword><keyword>Neocortex/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Pilot Projects</keyword><keyword>Temporal Lobe/physiology</keyword><keyword>Tomography, Emission-Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1999</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1097-6256 (Print)&#xD;1097-6256 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10204547</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/7299</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Blood et al., 1999) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Menon</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>393</RecNum><DisplayText>(Menon and Levitin, 2005)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>393</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">393</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Menon, V.</author><author>Levitin, D. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA. menon@stanford.edu</auth-address><titles><title>The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system</title><secondary-title>Neuroimage</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neuroimage</full-title></periodical><pages>175-84</pages><volume>28</volume><number>1</number><edition>2005/07/19</edition><keywords><keyword>Acoustic Stimulation</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Auditory Cortex/physiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Hypothalamus/physiology</keyword><keyword>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</keyword><keyword>Limbic System/ physiology</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Music/ psychology</keyword><keyword>Nerve Net/physiology</keyword><keyword>Neural Pathways/physiology</keyword><keyword>Nucleus Accumbens/physiology</keyword><keyword>Reward</keyword><keyword>Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Oct 15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1053-8119 (Print)&#xD;1053-8119 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16023376</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.053</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Menon and Levitin, 2005) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Salimpoor</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>390</RecNum><DisplayText>(Salimpoor et al., 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>390</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">390</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Salimpoor, V. N.</author><author>Benovoy, M.</author><author>Larcher, K.</author><author>Dagher, A.</author><author>Zatorre, R. J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. valorie.salimpoor@mail.mcgill.ca</auth-address><titles><title>Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music</title><secondary-title>Nat Neurosci</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Nat Neurosci</full-title></periodical><pages>257-62</pages><volume>14</volume><number>2</number><edition>2011/01/11</edition><keywords><keyword>Brain Mapping</keyword><keyword>Caudate Nucleus/metabolism/ radionuclide imaging</keyword><keyword>Dopamine/ metabolism</keyword><keyword>Euphoria</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Music/ psychology</keyword><keyword>Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism/ radionuclide imaging</keyword><keyword>Pleasure</keyword><keyword>Reward</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1546-1726 (Electronic)&#xD;1097-6256 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21217764</accession-num><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/nn.2726</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>NLM</remote-database-provider><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>(Salimpoor et al., 2011)13Nov26TBA class left blank to allow for wiggle room in the syllabus14Dec 3Finale: recap of major themesEvolution and origin of musicReading: ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Brown</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>460</RecNum><DisplayText>(Brown, 2003)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>460</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="00dwadasyz92a8etxd1vzsvyez2eawrxfd50">460</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Brown, S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Biomusicology, and three biological paradoxes about music.</title><secondary-title>Bulletin of Psychology and the Arts</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Bulletin of Psychology and the Arts</full-title></periodical><pages>15-17</pages><number>4</number><section>15</section><dates><year>2003</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Brown, 2003)REFERENCES ADDIN EN.REFLIST Bendor D, Wang X (2006) Cortical representations of pitch in monkeys and humans. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16:391-399.Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ, Bermudez P, Evans AC (1999) Emotional responses to pleasant and unpleasant music correlate with activity in paralimbic brain regions. Nat Neurosci 2:382-387.Brown S (2003) Biomusicology, and three biological paradoxes about music. Bulletin of Psychology and the Arts 15-17.Brown S, Jordania J (2011) Universals in the world's musics. Psychology of Music 40:1-20.Brown S, Merker B, Wallin NL (2000) The origins of music. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Cousineau M, McDermott JH, Peretz I (2012) The basis of musical consonance as revealed by congenital amusia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:19858-19863.Koelsch S (2005) Neural substrates of processing syntax and semantics in music. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:207-212.Loui P, Li HC, Hohmann A, Schlaug G (2010) Enhanced cortical connectivity in absolute pitch musicians: a model for local hyperconnectivity. 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