Interactive Map Quiz of the Great Migration during World War I



INTERACTIVE MAP:

TWENTIETH CENTURY AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSICIANS

For use with Lesson Thirteen of the online course, AAA S 100, “Evolving Status of Blacks in the Twentieth Century”

INTERACTIVE MAP

The map quiz is to be used in conjunction with Lesson thirteen essays and assignments.

The only details on the map are state boundaries and dots representing selected cities. The flash map is based on a template of a map of the continental United States depicting only state boundaries.

Nothing should be named or labeled on the map.

The dots, which are locations of cities on the map, are unlabeled.

The question asks the student to click on the dot for the city that is the birthplace of a twentieth-century musician, either a composer or a singer-songwriter. The student first reads the question. Then the student clicks on the dot that she or he thinks is the correct answer to the question.

If the student clicks on the incorrect dot for the question, then she or he hears a buzz or raspberry sound.

If the student clicks on the correct dot for the question, then a drop down window appears with brief information. One or two pictures of musicians appear along with the information in the drop down window. The student could click on the picture that links to a clip of music composed or performed by the musician.

The student should memorize the information or take notes of the information because Lesson Thirteen has a quiz that refers to the interactive map.

QUESTIONS

Note: some questions refer to more than one artist.

1. Question: Marian Anderson, a contralto, and Patti LaBelle, a rock-soul-gospel singer, were born in “the City of Brotherly Love.” What is this city?

Answer: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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Marian Anderson (1897-1993), a concert singer, had a voice that, according to world famous conductor Arturo Toscanini, is heard once in a hundred years. In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow highly praised, world famous Anderson perform in Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. because she was an African American. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and Harold Ickes, a top bureaucrat in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt quickly made arrangements for Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial, making her performance a symbolic civil rights statement. Source: World Book Encyclopedia.

In her career, spanning from girl-group pop to space-age funk to heavenly ballads, rhythm and blues, artist Patti LaBelle (1944- ) sings soulful timbre and earth-quaking crescendos that resonate with millions worldwide. Born Patricia Holte, LaBelle, a diabetic, serves as a spokeswoman for the National Medical Association that administers a scholarship in her name, the National Minority AIDS Council's “Live Long, Sugar” campaign, and the American Diabetes Association. LaBelle also sits on the Boards of the National Alzheimer Association, the National Cancer Institute, and the University of Miami's prestigious Sylvestri Comprehensive Care Center, which dedicated a special research laboratory in her honor for her work on behalf of cancer awareness. Source:

2. Question: Louis Armstrong, an extremely artistic, innovative, and beloved jazz musician, was born in the birthplace of jazz. What is this city, which has the nicknames, “the Crescent City” and “the Big Easy”?

Answer: New Orleans, Louisiana

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Louis Armstrong (1901-1971), born into a poor family, first learned to play the cornet, then later, the trumpet. Armstrong left New Orleans for Chicago in the early 1920s during the Great Migration, when hundreds of thousands of black southerners moved to northern and Midwestern industrial cities. From the 1920s into the 1960s, Armstrong dominated the world of jazz. Source: World Book Encyclopedia.

3. Question: Erykah Badu came from a northern Texas city where President Kennedy was assassinated. What is this city?

Answer: Dallas, Texas

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Born Erica Wright, hip-hop artist Erykah Badu (1971- ) decided in her early youth to change the spelling of her name from Erica to Erykah, as she firmly believed her original name to be her “slave” name. The term 'kah' signifies the inner self, which, when translated from Muslim, means “can do no wrong.” Her surname, Badu, derives from an Arabic word which means “to manifest truth and light.” Source:

4. Question: No records exist of Scott Joplin’s actually birthplace, only that he was born in Texas. But Joplin composed and performed some of his best turn of the century music in a major Missourian city that is also the birthplace of Chuck Berry. What is this city, which is located on the Mississippi River?

Answer: St. Louis, Missouri

Drop down window information:

Scott Joplin (c.1867-1917) was the most sophisticated ragtime composer of the era. Joplin called himself the “King of Ragtime Writers,” but he wanted to be a successful composer for the lyric stage. Joplin died as a forgotten man by the time jazz eclipsed ragtime music. But a ragtime revival occurred in the 1970s and the Pulitzer Committee in 1976 issued a posthumous award for Scott Joplin’s contribution to American music. Ragtime is now a permanent part of the American musical landscape. Source:

Born Charles Edward Berry, Chuck Berry (1926- ) established rock and roll as a musical form and brought the worlds of black and white together in song. He began playing guitar and singing in a club band whose song list ranged from blues to ballads to calypso to country. Berry articulated the concerns and attitudes of his audience in his music. His knowledge of the pop market allowed him to break color barriers and play to integrated audiences. Source:

5. Question: Tracy Chapman came from a city where a river caught on fire. Actually oily pollution floating on the river was the source of that fire. What is this city?

Answer: Cleveland, Ohio

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Folk rock songwriter Tracy Chapman, born in 1964, combined the 1970’s folk foundation with simple melodies and meaningful lyrics. Her immediate success ushered in a new era of singer-songwriters. Chapman’s music contributed to the expanding movement towards political correctness. She supports civil liberties, minority rights, gender equality, and sexual freedom. Source:

6. Question: Ray Charles birthplace is in southern Georgia where civil rights demonstrators, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., confronted sheriff Laurie Pritchett who used nonviolent tactics to stymie and defeat civil rights workers. What is this city?

Answer: Albany, Georgia

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Ray Charles (1930-2004) was not born blind; he lost his sight to undiagnosed glaucoma at age seven. Charles altered the course of so many musical streams, from his soul-jazz combos to his crucial R&B bands, to his landmark country music recordings, and even funk. Ray Charles became famous in the 1950s and remained to the end of his life an innovative composer musician, bridging musical genres and earning, early in his career, the title, “the Genius.” Source:

7. Question: Bessie Smith, a blues singer, was born in this large city in southeastern Tennessee where in 1864, a major Civil War battle occurred. What is this city?

Answer: Chattanooga, Tennessee

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“Empress of the Blues,” Bessie Smith (1894-1937) displayed a soulfully phrased, boldly delivered, nearly definitive grasp of the blues. Smith, an all-around entertainer, danced, acted, and performed comedy routines with her touring company. She was the highest-paid black performer of her day, arguably reaching a level of success greater than that of any African-American entertainer before her. Smith sang raw, uncut country blues inspired by life in the South, in plainspoken language in which everyday experiences were related, not unlike the rap music that emerged in the 1990s. Smith “had a wonderful way of turning adversity into triumph, and many of her songs are the tales of liberated women.” Source:

8. Question: Nat King Cole, the first African American to host a television program, in the 1950s, hailed from the city where black residents boycotted a segregated bus system. What is this city?

Answer: Montgomery, Alabama

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Nathaniel Adams Coles (1919-1965), christened Nat “King” Cole by a Los Angeles clubowner in 1937, was a jazz pianist and pop singer. Nat King Cole conquered the pop charts in the 1950s and early 1960s as a warm-voiced singer of orchestrated ballads. Source:

9. Question: Miles Davis was born in a small southern Illinoisan city when it was an industrial giant in the 1920s. What is this city?

Answer: East St. Louis, Illinois

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Born in a well-to-do family, Miles Davis (1926-1991) became one of the greatest visionaries and most important figures in jazz history. Davis invented a subtle, challenging style known as “cool jazz.” He brought into his band musicians of all races when integrated bands were a rarity. Davis took jazz in yet a whole new direction when he fused rock and later funk with jazz and went heavily into electric music. Source:

10. Question: Born in a city known for, among many things, government buildings, memorials, and powerful politicians, Duke Ellington and Marvin Gaye became giants in their respective musical genres. What is this city?

Answer: Washington, D.C.

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Edward Kennedy Ellington (1899-1974) began playing music seriously in his late teens. By the 1920s, Ellington and his band established their presence in the world of jazz. They played with such great jazz artists like Miles Davis, Cab Calloway, Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, and Louis Armstrong and entertained for the common people and for the high and mighty, from Queen Elizabeth II to President Nixon. France honored him with its highest award, the Legion of Honor, and the United States bestowed upon him its highest civil honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Before passing away in 1974, Ellington, regarded as one of the world’s greatest composers and musicians, wrote and recorded hundreds of musical compositions and played over twenty thousand performances worldwide. He was “The Duke.” Source:

Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr., (1939-1984), was born to the Reverend Marvin Gay, Sr., an ordained minister in the House of God, a conservative Christian sect that fused elements of orthodox Judaism and Pentecostalism and that practiced strict codes of conduct and observed no holidays. He began singing in church at the age of three, quickly becoming a soloist in the choir. He pursued music to escape from the nightmarish realities of his childhood when his father beat him on an almost daily basis. During his musical career, Marvin Gaye (the "e" added to his surname when Marvin was an adult) blazed the trail for the continued evolution of popular black music, moving from lean, powerful rhythm and blues to stylish, sophisticated soul infused with intense political and personal forms of artistic self-expression. His work redefined soul music as a creative force and expanded its impact as an agent for social change. Gaye’s album, “What’s Going On,” a landmark in pop music history, incorporated jazz and classical elements, brought deeply held spiritual beliefs to explore such issues as poverty, drug abuse, discrimination, the environment, political corruption, and the war in Vietnam. Source:

11. Question: As the gateway to the scenic Blue Ridge Mountains, this small city is Roberta Flack’s birthplace. What is this city?

Answer: Asheville, North Carolina

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Pianist, singer-songwriter Roberta Flack (1939- ) discovered her earliest musical influences from the church. At age nine, she began taking piano lessons and listened to rhythm and blues, jazz, blues, pop, and classical music. Flack’s songs often reached the heights of music charts in the late 1960s and 1970s. Roberta Flack is an outspoken member of the Artist Empowerment Coalition an advocacy for artists’ rights to control their creative properties. Source:

12. Question: Located on the Mississippi River, this largest city in Tennessee is Aretha Franklin’s birthplace. What is this city?

Answer: Memphis, Tennessee

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"Lady Soul," Aretha Franklin (1942- ) is one of the giants of soul music and American pop music. Her roots in gospel ran extremely deep, reaching back to the days when she sang at the Detroit church of her father, Reverend C.L. Franklin. She made her first recordings as a gospel artist at age fourteen. More than any other performer, she epitomized soul at its most gospel-charged in a string of hits in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Source:

13. Question: This city, a major port on Puget Sound, is the birthplace of Jimie Hendrix. What is this city?

Answer: Seattle, Washington

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Famed as a psychedelic rock music singer-songwriter performer, Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970), the quintessential rock guitarist, embodied the politics of rock & roll as a black-white fusion, the earthiness of the blues and the ethereality of jazz. Before his death, Hendrix had been returning to blues, delving deeper into funk, and studying jazz fusion. Source:

14. Question: A Maryland metropolis, not known for blues or jazz music, is the birthplace of Billie Holiday, one of the most influential jazz singers of the twentieth century. What is this city?

Answer: Baltimore, Maryland

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Considered by many to be the greatest jazz vocalist of all time, born Eleanora Fagan (1915-1959), Billie Holiday lived a tempestuous and difficult life. Holiday had only a tenuous connection with her father, who was a jazz guitarist in Fletcher Henderson’s band. She entered the world of jazz singing in her late teens. Her bluesy vocal style brought a slow and rough quality to jazz that was often upbeat and light, making for poignant and distinctive renditions of songs that were already standards. She added a new dimension to jazz singing by slowing the tone with emotive vocals that reset the timing and rhythm. Her singing expressed an incredible depth of emotion that spoke of hard times and injustice as well as triumph. Though famous by the mid-1930s, Holiday found her real audience in 1939 with her song “Strange Fruit,” a deeply powerful song about lynching and a disturbing and emotional condemnation of racism. Holiday’s voice could be both quiet and strong at the same time, expressing her undeniable talent and her incredible pain as well. Holiday left behind a body of work as great as any vocalist. Source:

15. Question: Michael Jackson was born in a steel-producing city across the state line from Chicago, Illinois. What is this city?

Answer: Gary, Indiana

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The “King of Pop” or the “King of the Music Video,” Michael Joseph Jackson (1958- ), one of the most successful of pop music singers, has legions of devoted fans around the world and armies of detractors practically everywhere. Some of his later songs call for children’s rights and the oneness of humanity. Jackson dominated the pop music world in the 1980s with his songs and his outstanding choreography, including his artistic dance, “the moonwalk,” which, to observers, seemed unbelievable. Source:

16. Question: This huge metropolis on the Pacific rim seems to be the unlikely birthplace of southern-style, soul-gospel singer, Etta James. What is this city?

Answer: Los Angeles, California

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In 1953, Jamesette Hawkins (1938- ), Matriarch of the Blues, began singing gospel music in church. In 1954, Hawkins took the name Etta James. She sings the blues, jazz, and soul and recorded her biggest hits in the 1960s. She takes the deepest emotion of blues and applies it to any song she chooses. Source:

17. Question: Awadagin Pratt was born when this steel-producing city stopped manufacturing much of the nation’s steel. What is this city?

Answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

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Pianist Awadagin Pratt (1966- ) challenges the classical music establishment and fans to rethink the way the music is perceived and heard. Winner of the prestigious 1992 Naumburg International Piano Competition and other awards, Pratt has “a gigantic musical personality with enormous force behind it.” Pratt has endured frequent indignities, including the police wrongfully arresting him, and even jailing him. Before Pratt, Andre Watts was the only African American instrumental classical soloist of international superstar stature. Pratt does “informances,” mixing performance and narrative information, to demystify classical music and to show another path to fame for inner city young people. Source:

18. Question: This city, one of the twin cities just downstream from the source of the Mississippi River, is the birthplace of Prince, who changed his stage name a few times since he came to fame. What is this city?

Answer: Minneapolis, Minnesota

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Creator of a rich and varied body of work, Prince Rogers Nelson (1958- ), better known as Prince, seamlessly tied pop, funk, folk, and rock musical genres. He has released a series of groundbreaking albums, toured frequently, and recorded hundreds of songs that still lie unreleased in his vaults. Prince has shown remarkable stylistic growth and musical diversity, constantly experimenting with different sounds, textures, and genres. Source:

19. Question: Nicknamed “Motown,” this city is the birthplace of Diana Ross of “The Supremes.” What is this city?

Answer: Detroit, Michigan

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As a solo artist, Diana Ross (1944- ) is one of the most successful female singers of the rock era. Factor in her work as the lead singer of the Supremes in the 1960s, Ross may be the most successful. With her friends Mary Wilson, Florence Ballard, and Barbara Martin, Ross formed the Primettes vocal quartet in 1959. In 1960, they signed onto Motown Records, changing their name to the Supremes in 1961. Martin then left, and the group continued as a trio. Over the next eight years, the Supremes, renamed “Diana Ross and the Supremes” in 1967. Then Cindy Birdsong replaced Ballard, the group went on to score twelve number one pop hits. After 1969), Ross launched a solo career. Source:

20. Question: Stevie Wonder was born in this small industrial city approximately eighty-five miles northwest of “Motown.” What is this city?

Answer: Saginaw, Michigan

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Born Steveland Hardaway Judkins, Stevie Wonder (1950- ) is a much-beloved American icon and an indisputable genius not only of rhythm and blues but popular music in general. Blind virtually since birth, Wonder's heightened awareness of sound helped him create vibrant, colorful music teeming with life and ambition. Nearly everything he recorded bore the stamp of his sunny, joyous positivity. An underlying sense of optimism and hope always seem to emerge, even when Wonder addresses serious racial, social, and spiritual issues or heartbreak and romantic uncertainty. He had a voracious appetite for many different kinds of music and refused to confine himself to any one sound or style. His best records were a richly eclectic brew of soul, funk, rock & roll, sophisticated Broadway/Tin Pan Alley-style pop, jazz, reggae, and African. His range helped account for his broad-based appeal, but so did his unique, elastic voice, his peerless melodic facility, his gift for complex arrangements, and his taste for lovely, often sentimental ballads. Additionally, Wonder's pioneering use of synthesizers during the 1970s changed the face of rhythm and blues. Source:

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