Contributions of Muslims to World Civilization



Contributions of Muslims to World Civilization

I. Three dynasties of power in the Muslim world (661 CE – 11th century)

A. The Umayyad Dynasty (661 CE – 750 CE)

i. soon after Muhammad’s death, Mu’awiyah became the caliph

ii. some Muslims believed that the next leader of the religion should be a relative of Muhammad. These people are called Shi’a.

iii. Islam expands to Spain and built the large city of Cordoba and a university for Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

iv. Muslims were tolerant of other “people of the book” (Jews and Christians) but forced polytheists to convert or die

v. Arabic became the official language of Islam

vi. they made an official coin money (an idea borrowed from Greeks and Romans)

B. The Abbasid Dynasty (750 CE – 10th century)

i. helped the growth of Islam by moving the capitol of the empire to Baghdad.

ii. Baghdad at the crossroads of trade routes and connected the vast empire.

iii. bridges, palaces, gardens, and the university were highlights of the new city

iv. the House of Wisdom is founded in 830 CE

v. students created an artistic style of writing called calligraphy

vi. artists also used calligraphy and flower designs because they could not show the image of God or Muhammad.

vii. Astronomers (people who study astronomy) mapped the planets and stars and believed the world was round

viii. Astronomers calculated the circumference of the Earth to within nine miles

ix. pharmacists identified the diseases smallpox and measles, performed the first surgeries, and experimented with medicinal plants.

C. The Fatimid Dynasty (10th and 11th century)

i. made the capitol closer to Mecca when they built the city of Cairo in Egypt

ii. found religious tolerance difficult because European countries were starting the Crusade Wars over the city of Jerusalem.

Contributions of Muslims to World Civilization

I. Three dynasties of power in the Muslim world (661 CE – 11th century)

A. The ______________Dynasty (661 CE – 750 CE)

i. Soon after Muhammad’s death, ______________ became the caliph

ii. Some Muslims believed that the next leader of Islam should be a relative of Muhammad. These people are called ________.

iii. Islam expands to Spain and built the large city of ___________and a university for Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

iv. Muslims were tolerant of other “people of the book” (___________________) and forced polytheists to convert or die

v. ___________ became the official language of Islam

vi. They made an official _____________(an idea borrowed from Greeks and Romans)

B. The _________________Dynasty (750 CE – 10th century)

i. helped the growth of Islam by moving the capitol of the empire to______________.

ii. Baghdad was located at the ____________________________and connected the vast empire.

iii. bridges, ___________, gardens, and the ________________were highlights of the new city

iv. ____________________________________________________________

v. students created an artistic style of _____________called calligraphy

vi. artists also used calligraphy and _____________________ because they could not show the image of _______________________.

vii. ________________ (people who study astronomy) mapped the planets and stars and believed the world was round

viii. Astronomers also calculated the circumference of the Earth to within _______miles

ix. pharmacists identified the diseases ___________and__________, performed the first______________, and experimented with medicinal plants.

C. The ________________Dynasty (10th and 11th century)

i. made the capitol _______________________________________________

ii. found religious tolerance difficult because European countries were starting the ____________________over the city of________________.

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