American Psychological Association 5th Edition
Running head: Internship Report
Final Paper: Internship Activity Report
Bernard B. Young, Jr.
18-UEL-931-901
Urban Educational Leadership Program
College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services
University of Cincinnati
Abstract
Final Paper: Internship Activity Report
As a means of meeting the Urban Educational Leadership Program requirement of internship, I have formulated a two-part internship process. These two process will be distinguished form each other by identities of “Internship Part One” and “Internship part Two.
Internship Part One
The Internship Part One was called Youth Risk Behavior Pilot Survey – A Study of High School Student’s Health Risk Behaviors in the Categories of Sexual behavior, Alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity and the local Relationship to Available Diversionary Programs. This project involved a cooperative relationship with Dr. Jill Huppert of Children’s Hospital Medical Center who acts as my mentor for the project. A great deal of time and effort has gone into the development of this project which could only be accomplish by also undergoing University of Cincinnati’s Internal Review Board process and the Internal review process of the Cincinnati Public Schools.
The intent of this project was to use the established youth behavior survey tools, made available by the Centers for Disease Control to assess health risk behaviors of youth in grade 9 through 12 in a particular school of the Cincinnati Public Schools. The study would focus on behaviors that related to, sexual behavior, alcohol use, drug use, tobacco use and physical activity. The study would have also look at the efficacy of public and private programs the school system uses to attempt to steer youth away from engaging in health and social risk behaviors
The project is a formal research project that would involve Cincinnati Public School students to answer the following research Questions:
• Do Cincinnati high school youth engagement in risk behavior differ from national norms in the areas of sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use and physical activity?
• Is race/gender associated with differences in sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use and physical activity risk behaviors as compared with national norms?
• Can participation extra curricular program services be associated with differences in sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use and physical activity risk taking behavior locally?
Our null hypotheses in this project were:
1. There is no difference between the local sample and the national data with respect to sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use and physical activity behaviors.
2. Sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity are not influenced by race or gender.
3. Participation in diversionary or extracurricular support programs has no effect on sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity risk behaviors locally.
Urban youth are at risk for many negative health outcomes. The identified concerns include, but are not limited to, issues of peer pressure, drug abuse, premature sexual activity, violence, obesity, and alcohol abuse. the Centers for Disease control funded and encouraged the development of broad based health programs in the early 1990s (Brener et al., 2004)
Purpose of the Study
The study will use established youth behavior survey tools to assess health risk behaviors. The primary behavioral areas of focus are 1) sexual behavior 2) Alcohol and drug use, 3) tobacco use and 4) physical activity. The study will also look at the efficacy of public and private programs that function to redirect youth away from short-term and long-term health and social risk behaviors. We chose to call these services diversionary programs. This study will focus on the diversionary programs currently offered in Cincinnati Public School system. The study targets the behavior of urban high risk youth.
Significant of the Study
Urban youth are at risk for many negative health outcomes. The identified concerns include, but are not limited to, issues of peer pressure, drug abuse, premature sexual activity, violence, obesity, and alcohol abuse. In an effort to divert youth away from these negative influences and improve health status the Centers for Disease control began funding and encouraging the development of broad based health programs in the early 1990s(Brener et al., 2004). Urban schools and communities refer youth to a variety of diversionary programs. In our region, these types of referrals include, but are not limited to, programs such as DARE, Postponing Sexual Involvement, and the Citizens Commission on Youth. In addition, many schools offer extracurricular activities and sports programs that may divert students from high-risk behaviors. Concerns of time, community resources, peers pressure, lure of the streets present barriers or diluting factors that compete for the attention of youth thereby compounding the difficulty of effectively involving youth in programs for positive behavior change. Although numerous programs have been developed, evaluation is incomplete. Published program evaluations are limited in that they only compare the effectiveness of the program of interest, sometimes comparing participants to non-participants. However, in every school multiple programs and extracurricular activities compete for money and time. In this real world setting, we do not know if participation in, for example, PSI confers as much protection from risky behaviors as participation in marching band. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of multiple extracurricular or diversionary programs on the general student population receives incomplete or no evaluation. Therefore, the community lacks a critically based measure for assessing the value of the majority of diversionary services, in order to decide which ones should receive funding and priority. The lack of complete and appropriate evaluation is a result of limited expertise, training, staffing, knowledge, dollars or combination of these factors. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we propose a preliminary survey to assess baseline risk behaviors and participation in extracurricular of diversionary programs among high school students in Cincinnati. A survey based on portions of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System ("Yrbss: Youth online: Comprehensive results", 2004) and The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health is the primary tool to be used in this study. The YRBSS is used nationally to gather empiric data on youth risk behaviors, but it has not been used in the Cincinnati region. The study would provide data on the risk behaviors of highest prevalence in the sample population and determine if this was significantly different for the national sample norm. This study would also provide baseline data against which to measure the cost and time-effectiveness of providing support to the existing programs used to reduce youth risk behaviors.
Theoretical Framework
An example of a diversionary program that is designed to decrease risky behavior is Postponing Sexual Involvement (PSI). Dr. Marion Howard of Emory University lead a study that reported that among students who reported having had sex after they were offered the opportunity to participate in the PSI program, there was a larger proportion among those who had not participated in PSI that reported having sex often or sometime (55%) than among those who had not participated in PSI (39%). In contrast, the study indicated that although PSI was effective in reducing sexual risk among students who were not sexually involved prior to their involvement in PSI but for students who were sexually involved prior to being introduced to the program, PSI did not have any significant effect (Howard & McCabe, 1990). These findings were supported by similar study that looked at the impact of PSI on California Students. While PSI received significant community support and recognition, it failed to support and sustain positive behavior change (Kirby et al., 1997)
In addition to programs specifically designed to divert youth from risky behaviors, extracurricular activities are reported by some researchers to decrease displays of risk behavior. For example, a study by Miller et al, indicates the sexual risk was lowest among female who both exercised and participated in sports. This observation held true regardless of race. On the other hand sports participation and strenuous exercise were associated with increased sexual risk behavior among African American boys (Miller et al., 2002)
Several researchers have conducted national surveys to assess the health risk of youth. The well-researched and widely used surveys are the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. (Ad Health) These two existing surveys will be utilized to formulate the survey instrument for this study.
The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System is a survey tool developed in 1990 to monitor risk behaviors. The staff of Centers for Disease Control strongly felt that the identified behaviors influenced the leading causes of death in the country. This survey holds questions that looked a behaviors related to tobacco use, unhealthy dietary behaviors, inadequate physical activity, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, and behaviors that may result in violence and unintentional injuries (for example, injuries from motor vehicle crashes)("Assessing health risk behaviors among young people: Youth risk behavior surveillance system", 2004). Using this survey in 1999, researchers found that, nationwide, 50.0% of survey respondents had drunk alcohol, 34.8% had smoked cigarettes and 26.7% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey. About 50% of students reported sexual intercourse; 42.0% of those had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse. In addition, 16.0% were at risk for becoming overweight; and 70.9% did not attend physical education class daily. In comparison to national statistics, for the state of Ohio this survey showed that 84.7% of survey respondents had drunk alcohol, 73.1% had smoked cigarettes and 26.1% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey. About 46.9% of students reported sexual intercourse; 40.7% of those had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse. In addition, 12.2% were at risk for becoming overweight; and 67.4% did not attend physical education class daily ("Yrbss: Youth online: Comprehensive results", 2004) The City of Cincinnati has not previously been involved in utilizing this tool.
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health is a similar national research tool that additionally looks at access to community services, current mental, physical, and sexual health status. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health also include measures of family patterns of illness or disease, family interactions, peer influence, and school connectedness (Udry, 2001). Again, using this survey, researchers found that among teenage males who drank alcohol, frequent drinking, high-volume drinking, trouble in school, low college expectations and weekly involvement in sports were significant predictors of initiating fighting attributed to alcohol use (Swahn & Donovan, 2005).
The final survey tool for this study will be developed by drawing questions about risk behaviors from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. We will select questions that contribute to the knowledge of youth relationships with school, family and diversionary services from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We will also include questions to determine participation in local programs and extra-curricular activities.
A great deal of research regarding youth behavior has been reported using data collected using these two surveys and will provide us data that we can compare to local data and begin to assess relationships between schools, program participation and risk behaviors.
Method
The participants of the study will be male and female, 13 to 18 year old, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth graders of Western Hill High School within the Cincinnati Public School system. We are focusing on surveying between 300 and 400 students. All students within these limits will be given the opportunity to participate in the survey. The final student selection will be based on convenience with an effort to have the demographic distribution be reflective of the national distribution.
The project will provide recruitment notices to the households of all ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students in the participating high school. This pilot study will select the participating high school based on recommendations of the project advisors, mentor and recommendation form Cincinnati Public School staff.
This study is design to be a pilot study to a larger more generalized study of students in the Cincinnati region. As a pilot project, a specific Cincinnati Public School will be identified based on general demographics and recommendations of advisor. It is anticipated that the project will be assessed by the Cincinnati IRB, the Children’s Hospital Medical Center IRB, the Cincinnati Health Department IRB and the recommended procedure of the Cincinnati Public Schools. The project will make available through the Cincinnati Public School staff a combined passive consent form and recruitment letter to the households of all ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade student of the identified high school. Based on the response to the consent form, the project will give assent information and provide the opportunity for students of consenting families to participate in the study.
The final survey tool used will be developed by drawing from the pool of question found in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System because of it strong emphasis identifying risk behaviors. Only questions in the selected area of 1) sexual behavior 2) Alcohol and drug use, 3) tobacco use and 4) physical activity will be used. We will select and modify a question that will assess the knowledge of youth involvement in diversionary services from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The final survey includes questions to determine participation in local programs support activities.
The study will address several questions. The first of these questions is whether or not the student behavior in the areas of sexual involvement, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use and physical activity of the particular school involved in the survey differs from the national norm as identified by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
We will also try to determine if there is a significant race or gender difference of identified risk behaviors among the members of the study group.
Finally the survey will determine if there is an associated difference that is measurable between students who are involve in social, behavioral and recreational program that are assumed to divert student away for health risk behaviors and those students who identify as not be involved with these types of organizations and program.
Our null hypotheses are:
4. There is no difference between the local sample and the national data with respect to sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use and physical activity behaviors.
5. Sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity are not influenced by race or gender.
6. Participation in diversionary or extracurricular support programs has no effect on sexual behavior, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity risk behaviors locally.
Materials
Materials for this study include a completed application packet to the University of Cincinnati Internal Review Board (UC IRB) approval, Research Application form for the Cincinnati Public Schools Research and Evaluation, an introductory and explanatory letter to Dr. Elizabeth Holtzapple, Director of Research and Evaluation for the Cincinnati Public Schools, introductory and explanatory letter to the principal of Western Hills High Schools, The Survey instrument which is developed from survey question of the national surveys, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Additional materials include a letter of informed consent for the parents of participating youth, assent form for the youth contacted and recruited to participate in the project, and code Sheet to explain data items,
Procedures
This project was submitted to the UC IRB and accepted for review on January18, 2006. Comments were received from two reviews on February 18, 2006. In order to continue to pursue this project a response to the recommendation that will detail the revisions that will be made must be submitted to the UC IRB. Before this project can be implemented revisions must be made in accordance with acceptable standards of the UC IRB. A draft of the required revisions as directed by the UC IRB will be discussed in the next section of this document. Prior to submitting these revisions, input will be sought form Dr. Elizabeth Holtzapple, Director of Research and Evaluation with the Cincinnati Public schools. It is also necessary that approval be receive from Dr. Jill Huppert MD, MPH., Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dr. Leigh Wang, University of Cincinnati.
The Question and concerns of the UC IRB (identified in boldface) are present in this section and followed by a response. The responses to these questions are only partially complete in this document.
1. Letters to Dr. Holtzapple and Dr. Eby are misleading – parental consent is NOT being requested the way this protocol is written. But, see #8 below.
The letter the Dr. Holtzapple and Dr. Eby will be revised to reflect the direction identified in the
2. Parent letter and assent information on the survey need review for reading level, content, etc.
The Parent letter and assent information are being review and rewritten for appropriate changes.
3. Will survey be done during class? After class? How is it distributed & collected?
The survey will be conducted during a class period. The preference would be during either social studies or health class. The PI will introduce, explain, distribute, monitor and collect the survey from each class.
4. Protocol bottom of page 9 says “will keep any personal identifying information…at the Cincinnati Health Department”. What identifying information? And why the Health Department?
The survey will be conducted through a partnership that included the Cincinnati Public Schools, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati, and the Cincinnati Health Department. The graduated student PI (Bernard Young) is a program manager with the Cincinnati Health Department with the Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic. This office provides a secure facility of confidential records. However it is the intent of the project to request a waiver of written consent as described in 45 C.F.R. § 46.117 (c). The implementation of the waver of written consent would eliminate the collection of any identifying information and thereby, eliminating the need to store such information.
We will request a waiver of written consent as Identified under 45 C.F.R. § 46.117 (c),
An explicit statement confirming that the student can stop responding to the survey at any time for any reason without penalty has been inserted into the student assent document
The “Parental Permission Form” is be revised to reflect this necessary changes.
Initially, efforts were made to implement the project using passive consent. Passive consent is a formal of parental consent found in the literature that allows a process that require a parent to respond only if the do not want a child to participate in a study. O investigating this process we have found that it is not allowed by the Cincinnati Public schools. Therefore, passive consent is being eliminated from this proposal. We will eliminate the request that parent inform us of their objections in writing. We will provide the ability for parents to review and assess the survey, by making it available to them through the schools administrative office or at their home upon request.
We will request waiver of written consent base on 45 C.F.R. § 46.117(c). Be believe that with the level of the potential risk that exist regarding the disclosure of potential controversial information through student self identified risk taking behavior there is substantial risk in maintaining the identifying information of participating students would result in maintaining written permission forms, written consent forms or signed assent forms.
Preparation for the Study
Based on the fact that this project has not yet receive neither UC IRB approval nor Cincinnati Board of Education acceptance much of the information to follow will be based on anticipated actions and mock data.
On receiving proper permissions to begin the study, 400 copies of the survey, assent form and permission letter will be prepared. The principal and the involved instructor of select classes, preferably social studies and health instructor, will be contacted to make arrangements to allow me to administer the survey. The data will be collected on forms which can be electronically scanned for data collection. The assent form will be read out loud to each class room. Emphasis will be placed on the fact that Identifying data will not be collected and that any student may stop answering the survey at any time, for any reason without penalty.
1) Detailed description of the interventions, activities, or experimental aspects of the study: The final survey tool used will be developed by drawing from the pool of question found in the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System because of it strong emphasis identifying risk behaviors. Only questions in the selected area of 1) sexual behavior 2) Alcohol and drug use, 3) tobacco use and 4) physical activity will be used. We will select and modify a question that will assess the knowledge of youth involvement in diversionary services from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The final survey includes questions to determine participation in local programs support activities.
2) Alternative Intervention, activities or procedures which participants may choose, if any: N/A
3) Description of how informed consent will be obtained: The project will use a passive consent (Ellickson & Hawes, 1989) process for parents. The involved students will receive an assent statement as part of the questionnaire. The assent statement will be read to the potential participants prior to the start of the survey. Students will have an opportunity to ask questions.
Multiple methods will be provided to get the consent form to the parents these method will include sending the consent home with the student, and coordinating with the school appropriate information distribution methods used by the school.
4) Description of how anonymity or confidentiality will be preserved: The project will keep any personal identifying information in a secure location at the Cincinnati Health Department. The project staff will only maintain participant’s personal information long enough to assure that objections to consent are appropriately coordinated. Personal identifying information will be destroyed after the completion of the survey.
5) Description of how research staff will be trained and monitored to obtained consent, interact with participants, collect data, analyze data and follow the basic guidelines of ethical treatment of participants: The staffing of the project will include Bernard Young, a second year doctoral student actively enrolled in the Urban Educational Leadership Program, Department of Education and Dr. Jill Huppert, MD, MPH, Assistant professor, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, who will serve as mentor and advisor to the project. Bernard Young will also enroll in the three quarter sequence of Quantitative Research Methods during autumn 2005 and winter and spring of 2006. Dr. Leigh Lihshing Wang, instructor of Quantitative Research Methods, will also provide guidance for this project.
6) If applicable, explanation of the discrepancies between the submitted protocol and the grant, and the reason for the discrepancies: N/A
Discussion
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey Pilot while not yet complete provided me with a great opportunity to involve myself in several major experiences. Each of these experiences will served as key points of information and as practical exercise in preparation for dissertation and future research. I will speak about the opportunities without a focus on importance because in the long run the level of importance will be more appropriate reflected in a process of looking back, at some point in the future.
• The process allowed meet to submit a project for review to the University of Cincinnati IRB. Despite there being delays in the process that will keep me from completing the project this academic year the exposure to the process prepared me for the future.
• I had an opportunity to assess a large scale survey process and develop a strategy of implementing the study and analyze nominal day in a comparative study of national and local day. I also gave me an opportunity gain a perception of issue regarding comparing samples of very different size.
It is my intent to continue to try to complete this project as it has a great deal of potential as a dissertation topic or leading to a focus question for a dissertation topic. The project reengaged Children’s Hospital Medical Center in raising the important question of why Cincinnati has not been a participant in the national Youth Risk Behavioral Survey Study (YRBSS).
Internship Part 2
The second project formulated to complete the requirements of my internship involves the establishment of a relationship with Beech Acres Child Center, referred to as Beech Acres. This choice was being made because of major delays that have been encounter in submission to the University of Cincinnati Internal Review Board (UC-IRB). As a result of these delays and the adding requirement of submitting the Cincinnati Public School research and evaluation review process it is unlikely that I would be able to engage the full survey process and complete the project. I also believed that while the original project with Children’s Hospital Medical Center has proved adequate time involvement in the important start up stages of development and research, the anticipated future delays will affect my ability to dedicate appropriate hour to the project in the final quarter. In order to make up this difference I have become involved with Beech Acres.
Description of the Project
Beech Acres is a social service agency that provides guidance and support to parent and children in strengthen families and improving family relationship. Beech Acres was established in 1849 as an orphanage during a cholera epidemic. The purposes of Beech Acres have change it is no longer an orphanage, but focused on being supportive of the family structure. The guiding principals of the agency are(Mason, 2004 p. 3):
• All parents or dedicated adults want the best for their children
• All have questions
• All face dilemmas
• All want to learn in a caring, competent and supportive atmosphere
My role with the agency involved taking a research and development position in relationship to their program that provides Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT).
Purpose of the Study
Regionally there were over 5,567 cases of child abuse and neglect. Many of the children involve experience psychiatric disorders, attachment problems, delays in cognition and development, academic difficulty and emotional problems. Many of the children demonstrated a broad range of social behavior concerns that included disruptive behavior, poor self control, and negative affect. The parent are often not assertive in guiding their children or lax in provide discipline(Mason, 2004 p. 4).
PCIT is a therapeutic approach that involves the parent or responsible adult and the child directly in the treatment of disturbed and disruptive children. The Parent is instruct through a protocol base on the work of Sheila Eyberg and further refined by by Cheryl McNeil and the staff of the Trauma Treatment Replication Center of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. While it hat be empirically support that the process improve the behavioral skills of the children who become involved. It is only assumed that there is an improvement of the parental skills of the parent(s) or caretaker (s) that are involved ("C.A.R.E.: Child-adult relationship enhancement: Protocol and checklists for use of pcit with children age 2-7", 2004). The project will research and develop a tool that can be used to quantify the degree of skill improvement obtain by the parent or caregiver. It will also serve as a tool that can be correlated to the exist tools used to assess the improvement and development of the Child’s social control and interactive skills
Significance of the Study
As it has been indicated previously it is an assumption of the Staff of the Beech Acres Child Center that the implementation of PCIT will effect and change both the behaviors of the parent and the child. This becomes important when we realize that PCIT takes and approach that that is different for the traditional child family psychotherapy of focusing on a relationship by with the therapist centers their attention on formulating a therapeutic relationship between the child and the therapist in order to gather data that will assess and help formulate strategies that can be used counter inner conflicts that the child may have in their relation ship with a parent.(Ben-Aaron et al., 2001).
The process of PCIT focuses on working primarily with the parent through a series of step by step training sessions. Through and incremental process that is meant to improve the parent ability to give good commands, ignore negative attention seeking behaviors, assess the gains versus losses in choosing which issues the parent should confront the child with or ignore, reinforce positive behavior through positive engagement with the child and provide the child with appropriate attention. Currently the are tool that are used to measure how the child is responding to the activity. While there is a client satisfaction assessment form called the Therapy Attitude Inventory, used to measure parent attitude toward program involvement, a tool to assess the improvement or that there of in the skill which the therapist is focused on enhancing with in the caregiver does not exist. This type of information would allow for the possibility to focus on the need of both the parent and the child or to assess effect of racial, gender or age difference that may have some significance in influencing he skill development of the parent. Since the level of skill that the parent or caregiver is able to consistently demonstrate will influence the improvement process of the child the add data will help the therapist have the ability to asses the level of learning and development of the parent in a way that would not be lost in speculation or assumption.
Method
The process began with four initial discussion meeting. The discussion meeting were used to develop the focus of the project and to identify a methodology that would not require IRB approval. The Initial Contact was a conference call with Diane Jordan, program director over direct services. This meeting was follow by a meeting with Ms. Jordan and Carolyn Brinkman, who manage the PCIT and C.A.R.E units of Beech Acres. This meeting provided an opportunity to discuss the initial researched information and provide more focus as to who should be brought in to the process.
The Third meeting allow for the formulation of a more detailed timeline for the project and the steps that would be needed for completion. I also allow for additional data presentation and additional presentation for researched data. The members of this meeting included Ms Brinkman and two experienced members of her counseling and assessment staff.
At the fourth meeting Ms brinkman was presented with a pre and post training Questionnaire to be used to assess client skill. The additional steps to this process will be:
• Piloting the questionnaire
• Obtaining and reviewing the feedback of the group used in the pilot study
• Making appropriate change to the questionnaire having staff implement the questionnaire.
• Analyze the data collected
• Identify whether there is a correlation between the parent skill assessment and the child assessment tools
• Check the questionnaire for reliability and validity.
Discussion
At the time that this initial Paper is due there continues to be the ongoing activity of research and implementation. The process of study validation will be and ongoing process. In the final presentation for the Internship a final clarification of project status will be made.
References
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Appendix A
Listing of Additional Documents Reviewed
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Rhule, D. M., McMahon, R. J., & Spieker, S. J. (2004). Relation of adolescent mothers' history of antisocial behavior to child conduct problems and social competence. Journal of Clinical Chld and adolescent Psychology, 33(3), 524-535.
Schuhmann, E. M., Foote, R. C., Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S. R., & Algina, J. (1998). Efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy: Interim report of a randomized trial with short. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, Vol 27(1), 34-45.
Sudman, S., & Bradburn, N. M. (1982). A practical guide to questionnare design. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pulishers.
Appendix B
Cover Letter for Dr. Elizabeth Holtapple, Director of Research and Development - Cincinnati Public Schools
November 25, 2005
Dr. Elizabeth Holtzapple
Director of research and evaluation
Cincinnati Board of Education
P.O. Box 5381
Cincinnati, Ohio 45201-5381
Dear Dr. Holtzapple,
Following the Direction Dr. Beverly Eby, Principal at Western Hills High School and the office staff of Superintendent Rosa Blackwell we are contacting your office. My name is Bernard Young. I am a second year doctoral student in the Urban Educational Leadership Program at the University of Cincinnati. I am also a 27-year employee of the Cincinnati Health Department. As a student, I am working with Jill Huppert, M.D., M.P.H., Assistant Professor at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, to facilitate a survey project. The focus of this project would be to conduct a pilot survey to look at Health Risk Behaviors among the high school students (9th, through 12th graders). We will focus our survey on behavior specific to tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, sexual behavior, physical activity. We will draw the questions used in this study from the Centers for Disease Control’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBSS), which has been given to thousands of high students nationally and to our knowledge has not been used to survey students within Cincinnati Public School system (CPS). The survey will include additional questions that we have patterned after questions found in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. These questions will identify the participation level, of the surveyed students, in extracurricular and support activities such as school clubs, organizations, teams and diversionary programs (such as PSI) that are designed to divert students away from health-risk producing behaviors.
We want to gain information on what types of health risk behaviors Cincinnati Public School high school students engage in for comparison to the available national data. This survey will collect pilot data from a sample identified at a single Cincinnati Public School high school. We will compare risk behavior data with similar national data to determine whether the behaviors of the local students are significantly different from behaviors nationally. We will also look at risk behaviors and see if there is any correlation between reported involvement in health risk behaviors and to involvement in extracurricular activities or diversionary programs.
I have attached the Research Application Form as required in the “Protocols for Conducting Research within the Cincinnati Public School District”. We have contacted Dr. Beverly Eby, Principal of Western Hills High School to inform her of our research interest. We propose Western Hills as the focus of the pilot study.
The Internal Review Boards (IRB) of the University of Cincinnati, Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the Cincinnati Health Department have reviewed the process of this proposed project prior to it being submitted to your office. My telephone number is 513-357-7345 or 513-236-3702(cellular phone). Dr. Jill Huppert’s telephone number is 513-636-7042. Thank you for your assistance in this process. We look forward to speaking to you in person and answering any question you may have.
Sincerely,
Bernard B. Young, Jr.
Enclosures (3)
Appendix C
Letter To The High School Principal
November 25, 2005
Dr. Beverly Eby
Western Hill High School
Cincinnati Board of Education
2146 Ferguson Road,
Westwood
Cincinnati, Ohio 45201-5381
Dear Dr. Eby,
I am sending this letter as a follow up to our previous telephone conversation. As you know, my name is Bernard Young. I am a third year doctoral student in the Urban Educational Leadership Program at the University of Cincinnati. I am also a 27-year employee of the Cincinnati Health Department. I am working with Jill Huppert, M.D., M.P.H., Assistant Professor at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, to facilitate an research project. The focus of this project would be to conduct a pilot survey to look at Health Risk Behaviors among the high school students (9th, through 12th graders). We will focus our survey on behavior specific to tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, sexual behavior, physical activity. We will draw the questions used in this study from the Centers for Disease Control’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBSS), which has been given to thousands of high students nationally and to our knowledge has not been used to survey students within Cincinnati Public School system (CPS). The survey will include additional questions that we have patterned after questions found in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. These questions will identify the participation level, of the surveyed students, in extracurricular and support activities such as school clubs, organizations, teams and diversionary programs (such as PSI) that are designed to divert students away from health-risk producing behaviors.
We want to gain information on what types of health risk behaviors Cincinnati Public School high school students engage in for comparison to the available national data. This survey will collect pilot data from a sample identified at a single Cincinnati Public School high school. We will compare risk behavior data with similar national data to determine whether the behaviors of the local students are significantly different from behaviors nationally. We will also look at risk behaviors and see if there is any correlation between reported involvement in health risk behaviors and involvement in extracurricular activities or diversionary programs.
I have attached the Research Application Form as required in the “Protocols for Conducting Research within the Cincinnati Public School District” for your review. On your recommendation and the recommendation of the office of Superintendent Rosa Blackwell, we have contacted Dr. Elizabeth Holtzapple, Director of Research and Evaluation. We are returning to you following the review of her office.
My telephone number is 513-357-7345 or 513-236-3702(cellular phone). Dr. Jill Huppert telephone number is 513-636-7042. Thank you for your assistance in this process. We look forward to speaking to you in the near future and answering any question you may have.
Sincerely,
Bernard B. Young, Jr.
Enclosures (3)
Appendix D
Parental Permission Form for Children under the age of 18 years old
University of Cincinnati
Parent Permission for Child to Participate in a Research Study
College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services
Bernard Young, M.S., M.A.R.
513-357-7345 (youngbd@email.uc.edu))
Title of Study: Youth Risk Behavior Pilot Survey – A Study of High School Student’s Health Risk Behaviors in the Categories of Sexual behavior, Alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity and the local Relationship to Available Diversionary Programs
Introduction:
Your child has the opportunity to participate in a research study to identify the health risk activity of CPS Students. Approximately 300 students from Western Hills will take part. The Cincinnati Public School District Superintendent, Ms. Rosa Blackwell, and the Western Hills School Principal, Ms Eby, have both given permission for the study to be conducted at the school. Please read the following explanation carefully and ask questions about anything you do not understand.
Purpose:
The purpose of this research is to identify the health risk activity of CPS Students.
Duration:
Your child will participate in research-related activities for a single 60 minutes survey session. This activity will occur during the school day.
Procedures:
1. First we will give your child an ID number. Your child’s name and ID number will be on a master list. The list will be used to eliminate duplication and to make sure that the right paperwork is give to those at or above the age of 18 and those who are below 18 year of age.
2. That you will be given a paper survey, answer sheet and pencil to complete the survey. Your study ID number will be on all the surveys you are given. Completing the surveys usually takes less than one hour.
Risks/Discomforts:
This study asks about past and current health risk behaviors. The study has questions about drug, tobacco, and alcohol. The study will ask about sex active, HIV and AIDS training, exercise activity. The study will have question on your actions in sports, clubs, and support group. Being in any of these activities is not need to take the survey. Simply filling out the surveys does not present any risk to participants. However, responses to some of the questions could lead to serious legal risks to some participants including arrest and even incarceration.
Benefits:
You will not receive direct benefit from taking the survey. However, taking the survey may increase the ability of professional in the district to assess and meet the needs of students.
Alternatives:
There are no alternate activities planned for students who do not participate in this study. All research-related time will be taken from non-instructional periods.
Confidentiality:
To reduce the level of risk for participants, the master list of names/ID numbers will be kept in a locked drawer in a separate location from the completed surveys and interview transcripts. Participant names will NEVER be written on surveys.
If you have any questions about study-related activities, you may call me at 513-357-7345.
The University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board – Social and Behavioral Sciences reviews all non-medical research projects that involve human subjects to be sure the rights and welfare of participants are protected. If you have questions about your child’s rights as a participant, you may contact the Chairperson of the University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board – Social and Behavioral Sciences at 558-5784.
Voluntary Participation:
Your child does NOT have to participate in this study. You may choose not to allow his/her participation or you may withdraw your permission AT ANY TIME. Even if you agree that your child may participate, if he/she does not want to, there will be no pressure to do so. Your child may stop participating in the study at any time with no questions asked. Both parent and student must agree for the student to be included in the study.
Agreement:
I have read this consent document and have received answers to any question I had. I voluntarily agree to allow my child to participate in this study. I will receive a copy of this consent document for my reference.
My child’s name ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ ____________________
Parent/Legal Guardian Signature Date
_________________________________________________ ____________________
Signature and Title of Person Obtaining Consent Date
___________________________________________
Identification of Role in the Study
(permission version 5-24-06)
Appendix E
Combined Student Assent Form and Student Questionnaire
University of Cincinnati
Student Assent to Participate in a Research Study
College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services
Bernard Young, M.S., M.A.R.
513-357-7345 (youngbd@email.uc.edu)
Informed Consent Form
I am a graduated student at the University of Cincinnati. I am in my second year of study working on a doctoral degree in education through the Urban Educational Leadership Program. I am also an employee of the Cincinnati Health Department. In order to complete my requirements for this program I am working with Dr. Jill Huppert of Children Hospital Medical center. Dr. Huppert specializes in the area of adolescent medicine. Dr. Huppert will serve as my mentor in conducting a pilot survey that will look at Health Risk Behaviors among the high school students (9, 10, 11, and 12 graders). We will focus our survey on behavior specific to tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, sexual behavior, Physical activity. The questions that will be used in this study will be drawn from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which has been given to thousands of high students nationally but has not been used to survey student within Cincinnati Public School. The survey will also ask question about youth contract with school Clubs, organization, teams and support services made available by CPS Referral.
If you decide to allow your children to participate in this study I will work with the staff of your child’s high school to provide a time and location that will produce a minimum of disruption to the normal process of your child’s education. The survey will be an anonymous survey. We will not collect names or personal identifying information such phone numbers, address or social security numbers with the survey. After the survey is completed, the individual surveys will be maintained and held in a secure location by me. If you want, you may obtain a copy of the blank survey. Once the surveys have been collect, they will be anonymous and will not be associated with a specific student.
We want to gain information on what types of health risk behaviors Cincinnati Public School high school student may engage in. This survey will look at a specific high school and collect data. Well also look at student contact with Clubs, organization, teams and support services. Risk behavior data will be compared with similar national data to determine whether the behaviors of the local student collectively, are significantly different from behaviors nationally. We will also look at risk behaviors and see if there is any correlation to involvement in Clubs, organization, teams and support services.
By not submitting any objections, you agree that your high school aged children may participate in taking the project survey. I will ask the children themselves if they want to do this. Both you and your child must agree to allow participation. If you chose to allow your child to participate at any time prior to taking the survey you may change you mind by either returning this to me or contacting me by phone prior to your child completing the survey.
There is no cost for being in this project. When I write about the work of the project, no student or parent names will be use. Copies of the final report of this project will be made available to you through the school administrative office or may be provide to you by contacting me at the phone number listed above.
If you have any problems or questions about the project, you can talk to me at the Cincinnati Health Department, 3101 Burnet Avenue or Call me on the telephone. My telephone number is 357-7345. You can also leave a message for me at that number. Or you can talk to the Dr. Jill Huppert, or you can call the person at my university who is in charge of seeing that all the projects are done correctly. Her name is Margaret Miller and you can call her at (513) 556-2875. You can also write her a letter at this address: Dr. Margaret Miller, Mail Location 0038, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221.
PLEASE RETURN THIS FORM ONLY IF YOU DO NOT WANT YOU CHILD TO BE INVOLVED IN THIS STUDY. If would like you child to be involved in the project please keep this consent form for your records.
I do not agree to my child participating in this survey project.
________________________________ ________________
(your name) (today’s date)
If verbal objection is given: Signature indicates that the consent form was read to the participant and verbal objection was made.
_________________________________ ________________
(witness signature) (today’s date)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interpreter’s signature: Signature signifies that all the elements of the consent were presented to the participant and the participant had his/her questions answered.
__________________________________ ________________
(interpreter’s signature) (today’s date)
Appendix F
Consent for For Student 18 Years old and Older
University of Cincinnati
Consent to Participate in a Research Study
College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services
Bernard Young, M.S., M.A.R.
513-357-7345 (youngbd@email.uc.edu)
Title of Study:
Youth Risk Behavior Pilot Survey – A Study of High School Student’s Health Risk Behaviors in the Categories of Sexual behavior, Alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity and the local Relationship to Available Diversionary Programs
Introduction/Purpose:
This is a study to identify the health risk activity of CPS Students. About 300 people will fill out surveys. Any 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grader may participate in the survey. Please read this paper carefully Ask questions about anything you do not understand.
Procedures:
3. First we will give you an ID number. Your name and ID number will be on a master list. The list will be used to eliminate duplication and to make sure that the right paperwork is give to those at or above the age of 18 and those who are below 18 year of age.
4. That you will be given a paper survey, answer sheet and pencil to complete the survey. Your study ID number will be on all the surveys you are given. Completing the surveys usually takes less than one hour.
Risks/Discomforts:
This study asks about past and current health risk behaviors. The study has questions about drug, tobacco, and alcohol. The study will ask about sex active, HIV and AIDS training, exercise activity. The study will have question on your actions in sports, clubs, and support group. Being in any of these activities is not need to take the survey. Simply filling out the surveys does not present any risk to participants. However, responses to some of the questions could lead to serious legal risks to some participants including arrest and even incarceration.
Benefits:
You will not receive direct benefit from taking the survey. However, taking the survey may increase the ability of professional in the district to assess and meet the needs of students.
Alternatives:
If you do not want to participate in this study you still may seek help from a support facility or speak to a school counselor
Confidentiality:
To reduce the level of risk for participants, the master list of names/ID numbers will be kept in a locked drawer in a separate location from the completed surveys and interview transcripts. Participant names will NEVER be written on surveys.
Please note: your identity will remain confidential unless disclosure is required by law. The law says I have to report child abuse, elder abuse, or threat to you or someone else.
I will keep every thing about this study in my office in a locked file cabinet. I will only let my advisors Dr. Jill Huppert and Dr. Mark Gooden see any thing that has your name on it. As soon as surveys have been collected and filed the master list and ID numbers will be destroyed by shredding. Research data will be stored in a locked file cabinet for three years after the end of this study and then will be destroyed by shredding. The data from the study may be published; however, you will not be identified by name.
Compensation in Case of Harm:
If you feel hurt by taking the survey we will help you. The University of Cincinnati and/or funding agency will decide on a case-by-case basis whether to reimburse you for other out-of-pocket expenses you incur. No other compensation is available. IF YOU BELIEVE YOU HAVE BEEN HARMED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH STUDY, YOU SHOULD CONTACT me, Bernard Young, at 357-7345 or my faculty advisor, Dr. Lihshing Wang Gooden, at 123-0987.
Offer to Answer Questions:
If you have any questions about study-related activities, you may call me at 357-7345, Dr. Jill Huppert at 112-3456 or Dr. Lihshing Wang at 123-0987.
The University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board – Social and Behavioral Sciences reviews all non-medical research projects that involve human subjects to be sure the rights and welfare of participants is protected. If you have questions about your rights as a participant, you may contact the Chairperson of the University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board – Social and Behavioral Sciences at 558-5784.
Voluntary Participation:
You do NOT have to take the survey. You may choose not to take the survey or you may quit filling out the survey AT ANY TIME.
Agreement:
I have read this consent document. I voluntarily agree to participate in this study. I will receive a copy of this consent document for my reference.
_________________________________________________ ____________________
Participant Signature Date
_________________________________________________ ____________________
Signature and Title of Person Obtaining Consent Date
___________________________________________
Identification of Role in the Study
(Adult consent version 5-24-06)
Readability 9.6
Appendix G
Parental Premission Form
University of Cincinnati
Parent Permission for Child to Participate in a Research Study
College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services
Bernard Young, M.S., M.A.R.
513-357-7345 (youngbd@email.uc.edu))
Title of Study: Youth Risk Behavior Pilot Survey – A Study of High School Student’s Health Risk Behaviors in the Categories of Sexual behavior, Alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity and the local Relationship to Available Diversionary Programs
Introduction:
Your child has the opportunity to participate in a research study to identify the health risk activity of CPS Students. Approximately 300 students from Western Hills will take part. The Cincinnati Public School District Superintendent, Ms. Rosa Blackwell, and the Western Hills School Principal, Ms Eby, have both given permission for the study to be conducted at the school. Please read the following explanation carefully and ask questions about anything you do not understand.
Purpose:
The purpose of this research is to identify the health risk activity of CPS Students.
Duration:
Your child will participate in research-related activities for a single 60 minutes survey session. This activity will occur during the school day.
Procedures:
5. First we will give your child an ID number. Your child’s name and ID number will be on a master list. The list will be used to eliminate duplication and to make sure that the right paperwork is give to those at or above the age of 18 and those who are below 18 year of age.
6. That you will be given a paper survey, answer sheet and pencil to complete the survey. Your study ID number will be on all the surveys you are given. Completing the surveys usually takes less than one hour.
Risks/Discomforts:
This study asks about past and current health risk behaviors. The study has questions about drug, tobacco, and alcohol. The study will ask about sex active, HIV and AIDS training, exercise activity. The study will have question on your actions in sports, clubs, and support group. Being in any of these activities is not need to take the survey. Simply filling out the surveys does not present any risk to participants. However, responses to some of the questions could lead to serious legal risks to some participants including arrest and even incarceration.
Benefits:
You will not receive direct benefit from taking the survey. However, taking the survey may increase the ability of professional in the district to assess and meet the needs of students.
Alternatives:
There are no alternate activities planned for students who do not participate in this study. All research-related time will be taken from non-instructional periods.
Confidentiality:
To reduce the level of risk for participants, the master list of names/ID numbers will be kept in a locked drawer in a separate location from the completed surveys and interview transcripts. Participant names will NEVER be written on surveys.
If you have any questions about study-related activities, you may call me at 513-357-7345.
The University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board – Social and Behavioral Sciences reviews all non-medical research projects that involve human subjects to be sure the rights and welfare of participants are protected. If you have questions about your child’s rights as a participant, you may contact the Chairperson of the University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board – Social and Behavioral Sciences at 558-5784.
Voluntary Participation:
Your child does NOT have to participate in this study. You may choose not to allow his/her participation or you may withdraw your permission AT ANY TIME. Even if you agree that your child may participate, if he/she does not want to, there will be no pressure to do so. Your child may stop participating in the study at any time with no questions asked. Both parent and student must agree for the student to be included in the study.
Agreement:
I have read this consent document and have received answers to any question I had. I voluntarily agree to allow my child to participate in this study. I will receive a copy of this consent document for my reference.
My child’s name ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ ____________________
Parent/Legal Guardian Signature Date
_________________________________________________ ____________________
Signature and Title of Person Obtaining Consent Date
___________________________________________
Identification of Role in the Study
(permission version 5-24-06)
Appendix H
Cincinnati Adjusted
Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Title of Study: Youth Risk Behavior Pilot Survey – A Study of High School Student’s Health Risk Behaviors in the Categories of Sexual behavior, Alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, and physical activity and the local Relationship to Available Diversionary Programs
Do you want complete a survey about Health related behaviors? We need 300 high school students to fill out surveys to help us find out the healthy and unhealthy thing they do and do not do.
If you do not want to complete a survey, it is OK. No one will make you. Just return the survey
If you want to know more about helping us, ask your teacher.
If you are under 18 years of age and do want to be in the survey, write your name at the bottom of this paper. I you want to be in the survey and you are over 18 or older please speak to your teacher. We will bring the survey to your school soon.
DO NOT write your name on this survey. The answers you give will be kept private. No one will know what you write. Answer the questions based on what you really do.
Completing the survey is voluntary. Whether or not you answer the questions will not affect your grade in this class. If you are not comfortable answering a question, just leave it blank.
The questions that ask about your background will be used only to describe the types of students completing this survey. The information will not be used to find out your name. No names will ever be reported.
Make sure to read every question. Fill in the ovals completely. When you are finished, follow the instructions of the person giving you the survey.
Thank you very much for your help.
By completing this survey, I indicate my consent to participate in this study.
Directions
o Use a #2 pencil only.
o Make dark marks.
o Fill in a response by completely darkening the oval that corresponds to the letter for your answer.
o To change your answer, erase completely.
1. How old are you?
A. 12 years old or younger
B. 13 years old
C. 14 years old
D. 15 years old
E. 16 years old
F. 17 years old
G. 18 years old or older
2. What is your sex?
A. Female
B. Male
3. In what grade are you?
A. 9th grade
B. 10th grade
C. 11th grade
D. 12th grade
E. Ungraded or other grade
4. How do you describe yourself? (Select one or more responses.)
A. American Indian or Alaska Native
B. Asian
C. Black or African American
D. Hispanic or Latino
E. Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
F. White
5. How do you describe your health in general?
A. Excellent
B. Very good
C. Good
D. Fair
E. Poor
The next 11 questions ask about tobacco use.
28. Have you ever tried cigarette smoking, even one or two puffs?
A. Yes
B. No
29. How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the first time?
A. I have never smoked a whole cigarette
B. 8 years old or younger
C. 9 or 10 years old
D. 11 or 12 years old
E. 13 or 14 years old
F. 15 or 16 years old
G. 17 years old or older
30. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
31. During the past 30 days, on the days you smoked, how many cigarettes did you smoke per day?
A. I did not smoke cigarettes during the past 30 days
B. Less than 1 cigarette per day
C. 1 cigarette per day
D. 2 to 5 cigarettes per day
E. 6 to 10 cigarettes per day
F. 11 to 20 cigarettes per day
G. More than 20 cigarettes per day
32. During the past 30 days, how did you usually get your own cigarettes? (Select only one response.)
A. I did not smoke cigarettes during the past 30 days
B. I bought them in a store such as a convenience store, supermarket, discount store, or gas station
C. I bought them from a vending machine
D. I gave someone else money to buy them for me
E. I borrowed (or bummed) them from someone else
F. A person 18 years old or older gave them to me
G. I took them from a store or family member
H. I got them some other way
33. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes on school property?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
34. Have you ever smoked cigarettes daily, that is, at least one cigarette every day for 30 days?
A. Yes
B. No
35. During the past 12 months, did you ever try to quit smoking cigarettes?
A. I did not smoke during the past 12 months
B. Yes
C. No
36. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip, such as Redman, Levi Garrett, Beechnut, Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or Copenhagen?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
37. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on school property?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
38. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
The next 5 questions ask about drinking alcohol. This includes drinking beer, wine, wine coolers, and liquor such as rum, gin, vodka, or whiskey. For these questions, drinking alcohol does not include drinking a few sips of wine for religious purposes.
39. During your life, on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 9 days
D. 10 to 19 days
E. 20 to 39 days
F. 40 to 99 days
G. 100 or more days
40. How old were you when you had your first drink of alcohol other than a few sips?
A. I have never had a drink of alcohol other than a few sips
B. 8 years old or younger
C. 9 or 10 years old
D. 11 or 12 years old
E. 13 or 14 years old
F. 15 or 16 years old
G. 17 years old or older
41. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
42. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have 5 or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours?
A. 0 days
B. 1 day
C. 2 days
D. 3 to 5 days
E. 6 to 9 days
F. 10 to 19 days
G. 20 or more days
43. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol on school property?
A. 0 days
B. 1 or 2 days
C. 3 to 5 days
D. 6 to 9 days
E. 10 to 19 days
F. 20 to 29 days
G. All 30 days
The next 4 questions ask about marijuana use. Marijuana also is called grass or pot.
44. During your life, how many times have you used marijuana?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 to 99 times
G. 100 or more times
45. How old were you when you tried marijuana for the first time?
A. I have never tried marijuana
B. 8 years old or younger
C. 9 or 10 years old
D. 11 or 12 years old
E. 13 or 14 years old
F. 15 or 16 years old
G. 17 years old or older
46. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use marijuana?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
47. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use marijuana on school property?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
The next 9 questions ask about other drugs.
48. During your life, how many times have you used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
49. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
50. During your life, how many times have you sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
51. During your life, how many times have you used heroin (also called smack, junk, or China White)?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
52. During your life, how many times have you used methamphetamines (also called speed, crystal, crank, or ice)?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
53. During your life, how many times have you used ecstasy (also called MDMA)?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
54. During your life, how many times have you taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor’s prescription?
A. 0 times
B. 1 or 2 times
C. 3 to 9 times
D. 10 to 19 times
E. 20 to 39 times
F. 40 or more times
55. During your life, how many times have you used a needle to inject any illegal drug into your body?
A. 0 times
B. 1 time
C. 2 or more times
56. During the past 12 months, has anyone offered, sold, or given you an illegal drug on school property?
A. Yes
B. No
The next 7 questions ask about sexual behavior.
57. Have you ever had sexual intercourse?
A. Yes
B. No
58. How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?
A. I have never had sexual intercourse
B. 11 years old or younger
C. 12 years old
D. 13 years old
E. 14 years old
F. 15 years old
G. 16 years old
H. 17 years old or older
59. During your life, with how many people have you had sexual intercourse?
A. I have never had sexual intercourse
B. 1 person
C. 2 people
D. 3 people
E. 4 people
F. 5 people
G. 6 or more people
60. During the past 3 months, with how many people did you have sexual intercourse?
A. I have never had sexual intercourse
B. I have had sexual intercourse, but not during the past 3 months
C. 1 person
D. 2 people
E. 3 people
F. 4 people
G. 5 people
H. 6 or more people
61. Did you drink alcohol or use drugs before you had sexual intercourse the last time?
A. I have never had sexual intercourse
B. Yes
C. No
62. The last time you had sexual intercourse, did you or your partner use a condom?
A. I have never had sexual intercourse
B. Yes
C. No
63. The last time you had sexual intercourse, what one method did you or your partner use to prevent pregnancy? (Select only one response.)
A. I have never had sexual intercourse
B. No method was used to prevent pregnancy
C. Birth control pills
D. Condoms
E. Depo-Provera (injectable birth control)
F. Withdrawal
G. Some other method
H. Not sure
The next 7 questions ask about body weight.
64. How do you describe your weight?
A. Very underweight
B. Slightly underweight
C. About the right weight
D. Slightly overweight
E. Very overweight
65. Which of the following are you trying to do about your weight?
A. Lose weight
B. Gain weight
C. Stay the same weight
D. I am not trying to do anything about my weight
66. During the past 30 days, did you exercise to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight?
A. Yes
B. No
67. During the past 30 days, did you eat less food, fewer calories, or foods low in fat to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight?
A. Yes
B. No
68. During the past 30 days, did you go without eating for 24 hours or more (also called fasting) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight?
A. Yes
B. No
69. During the past 30 days, did you take any diet pills, powders, or liquids without a doctor’s advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? (Do not include meal replacement products such as Slim Fast.)
A. Yes
B. No
70. During the past 30 days, did you vomit or take laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight?
A. Yes
B. No
The next 7 questions ask about physical activity.
78. On how many of the past 7 days did you exercise or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar aerobic activities?
A. 0 days
B. 1 day
C. 2 days
D. 3 days
E. 4 days
F. 5 days
G. 6 days
H. 7 days
79. On how many of the past 7 days did you participate in physical activity for at least 30 minutes that did not make you sweat or breathe hard, such as fast walking, slow bicycling, skating, pushing a lawn mower, or mopping floors?
A. 0 days
B. 1 day
C. 2 days
D. 3 days
E. 4 days
F. 5 days
G. 6 days
H. 7 days
80. During the past 7 days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? (Add up all the time you spend in any kind of physical activity that increases your heart rate and makes you breathe hard some of the time.)
A. 0 days
B. 1 day
C. 2 days
D. 3 days
E. 4 days
F. 5 days
G. 6 days
H. 7 days
81. On an average school day, how many hours do you watch TV?
A. I do not watch TV on an average school day
B. Less than 1 hour per day
C. 1 hour per day
D. 2 hours per day
E. 3 hours per day
F. 4 hours per day
G. 5 or more hours per day
82. In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education (PE) classes?
A. 0 days
B. 1 day
C. 2 days
D. 3 days
E. 4 days
F. 5 days
83. During an average physical education (PE) class, how many minutes do you spend actually exercising or playing sports?
A. I do not take PE
B. Less than 10 minutes
C. 10 to 20 minutes
D. 21 to 30 minutes
E. 31 to 40 minutes
F. 41 to 50 minutes
G. 51 to 60 minutes
H. More than 60 minutes
84. During the past 12 months, on how many sports teams did you play? (Include any teams run by your school or community groups.)
A. 0 teams
B. 1 team
C. 2 teams
D. 3 or more teams
The next 3 questions ask about other health-related topics.
85. Have you ever been taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Not sure
86. Has a doctor or nurse ever told you that you have asthma?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Not sure
87. During the past 12 months, have you had an episode of asthma or an asthma attack?
A. I do not have asthma
B. No, I have asthma, but I have not had an episode of asthma or an asthma attack during the past 12 months
C. Yes, I have had an episode of asthma or an asthma attack during the past 12 months.
D. Not sure
Here is a list of clubs, organizations, support programs and teams found at many schools. Darken the oval next to any of them that you are participating in this year, or that you plan to participate in later in the school year.
a) French club
b) German club
c) Latin club
d) Spanish club
e) Book club
f) Computer club
g) Debate team
h) Drama club
i) Future Farmers of America
j) History club
k) Math club
l) Science
m) Band
n) Cheerleading/dance team
o) Chorus or choir
p) Orchestra
q) Other club or organization
r) Baseball/softball
s) Basketball
t) Field hockey
u) Football
v) Ice hockey
w) Soccer
x) Swimming.
y) Tennis
z) Track
aa) Volleyball
ab) Wrestling
ac) Other sport
ad) Newspaper
ae) Honor society
af) Student council
ag) Yearbook
ah) D.A.R.E
ai) Postponing Sexual Involvement (PSI)
aj) I do not participate in any clubs, organizations, teams at school or outside school referral programs
(Additional program will be listed base on their being identified as referral programs used by the school)
By completing this survey, I indicate my consent to participate in this study.
62. How strongly do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements?
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
a. I have a lot of energy
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
b. I feel close to people at this school
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
c. I seldom get sick
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
d. When I do get sick, I get better quickly
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
e. I feel like I am part of this school.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
f. I am well coordinated.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
g. The students at this school are prejudiced.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
h. I have a lot of good qualities.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
i. I am happy to be at this school.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
j. I am physically fit.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
k. I have a lot to be proud of.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
l. The teachers at this school treat students fairly.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
m. I like myself just the way I am.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
n. I feel like I am doing everything just right.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
o. I feel socially accepted.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
p. I feel loved and wanted.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
q. I feel safe in my neighborhood.
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
r. I feel safe in my school
• strongly agree
• agree
• neither agree nor disagree
• disagree
• strongly disagree
Appendix I
Code Sheet
|National |Column Position |Variable |Variable |Variable |
|key | |Length |Name | |
| |Start |End | | |Description |Type |Value |
|By1 |1 |8 |8 |ID | | | |
|By2 |9 |10 |2 |Loc |Data Sample |String |1=Local |
| | | | | |Identification | |2=National |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Filler |11 |12 |2 |F1 | | | |
|Q1 |13 |14 |2 |AGE |How old are you? |String |1=12 years old or younger |
| | | | | | | |2=13 years old |
| | | | | | | |3=14 years old |
| | | | | | | |4=15 years old |
| | | | | | | |5=16 years old |
| | | | | | | |6=17 years old |
| | | | | | | |7=18 years old or older |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q2 |14 |16 |2 |Sex_id |What is your sex? |String |1=Female |
| | | | | | | |2=Male |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q3 |17 |18 |2 |Grade |In what grade are you? |String |1=9th grade |
| | | | | | | |2=10th grade |
| | | | | | | |3=11th grade |
| | | | | | | |4=12th grade |
| | | | | | | |5=Ungraded or other grade |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q4 |19 |20 |2 |Race |How do you describe |String |1=American Indian or Alaska Native|
| | | | | |yourself? | |2=Asian |
| | | | | | | |3=Black or African American |
| | | | | | | |4=Hispanic or Latino |
| | | | | | | |5=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific|
| | | | | | | |Islander |
| | | | | | | |6=White |
| | | | | | | |7=Multiple – Hispanic |
| | | | | | | |8=Multiple - Non-hispanic |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Filler |21 |22 | |F2 | | | |
|Q28 |23 |24 |2 |TabSm1 |Have you ever tried |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |cigarette smoking, even| |2=No |
| | | | | |one or two puffs? | |9= Missing |
|Q29 |25 |26 |2 |TabAge |How old were you when |String |1=I have never smoked a whole |
| | | | | |you smoked a whole | |cigarette |
| | | | | |cigarette for the first| |2=8 years old or younger |
| | | | | |time? | |3=9 or 10 years old |
| | | | | | | |4=11 or 12 years old |
| | | | | | | |5=13 or 14 years old |
| | | | | | | |6=15 or 16 years old |
| | | | | | | |7=17 years old or older |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q30 |27 |28 |2 |tabDay30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many | |2=1 or 2 day |
| | | | | |days did you smoke | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |cigarettes? | |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | | | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | | | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q31 |29 |30 |2 |TabNum30 |During the past 30 |String |1=I did not smoke cigarettes |
| | | | | |days, on the days you | |during the past 30 days |
| | | | | |smoked, how many | |2=Less than 1 cigarette per day |
| | | | | |cigarettes did you | |3=1 cigarette per day |
| | | | | |smoke per day? | |4=2 to 5 cigarettes per day |
| | | | | | | |5=6 to 10 cigarettes per day |
| | | | | | | |6=11 to 20 cigarettes per day |
| | | | | | | |7=More than 20 cigarettes day |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q32 |31 |32 |2 |Tabget30 |During the past 30 |String |1=I did not smoke cigarettes |
| | | | | |days, how did you | |during the past 30 days |
| | | | | |usually get your own | |2=I bought them in a store such as|
| | | | | |cigarettes? | |a convenience store, supermarket, |
| | | | | | | |discount store, or gas station |
| | | | | | | |3=I bought them from a vending |
| | | | | | | |machine |
| | | | | | | |4=I gave someone else money to buy|
| | | | | | | |them for me |
| | | | | | | |5=I borrowed (or bummed) them from|
| | | | | | | |someone else |
| | | | | | | |6=A person 18 years old or older |
| | | | | | | |gave them to me |
| | | | | | | |7=I took them from a store or |
| | | | | | | |family member |
| | | | | | | |8=I got them some other way |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q33 |33 |34 |2 |TabSch30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |did you smoke | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |cigarettes on school | |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | |property? | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | | | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q34 |35 |36 |2 |TabDaily |Have you ever smoked |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |cigarettes daily, that | |2=No |
| | | | | |is, at least one | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |cigarette every day for| |99= Missing |
| | | | | |30 days? | | |
|Q35 |37 |38 |2 |TabQuit |During the past 12 |String |1=I did not smoke during the past |
| | | | | |months, did you ever | |12 months |
| | | | | |try to quit smoking | |2=Yes |
| | | | | |cigarettes? | |3=No |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q36 |39 |40 |2 |Snuff30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |did you use chewing | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |tobacco, snuff, or dip,| |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | |such as Redman, Levi | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | |Garrett, Beechnut, | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | |Skoal, Skoal Bandits, | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | |or Copenhagen? | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q37 |41 |42 |2 |SnuffSch30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |did you use chewing | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |tobacco, snuff, or dip | |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | |on school property? | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | | | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q38 |43 |44 |2 |Cig30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |did you smoke cigars, | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |cigarillos, or little | |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | |cigars? | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | | | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q39 |45 |46 |2 |AlcoUse |During your life, on |String |1= 0 days |
| | | | | |how many days have you | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |had at least one drink | |3=3 to 9 days |
| | | | | |of alcohol? | |4=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |5= 20 to 39 days |
| | | | | | | |6=40 to 99 days |
| | | | | | | |7=100 or more days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q40 |47 |48 |2 |AlcoAge |How old were you when |String |1= I have never had a drink of |
| | | | | |you had your first | |alcohol other than a few sips |
| | | | | |drink of alcohol other | |2=8 years old or younger |
| | | | | |than a few sips? | |3=9 or 10 years old |
| | | | | | | |4=11 or 12 years old |
| | | | | | | |5=13 or 14 years old |
| | | | | | | |6=15 or 16 years old |
| | | | | | | |7=17 years old or older |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q41 |49 |50 |2 |Alco30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |did you have at least | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |one drink of alcohol? | |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | | | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | | | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q42 |51 |52 |2 |Alco5Mor30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 day |
| | | | | |did you have 5 or more | |3=2 days |
| | | | | |drinks of alcohol in a | |4=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |row, that is, within a | |5=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | |couple of hours? | |6=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |7=20 or more days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q43 |53 |54 |2 |AlcoDay30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |days, on how many days | |2=1 or 2 days |
| | | | | |did you have at least | |3=3 to 5 days |
| | | | | |one drink of alcohol on| |4=6 to 9 days |
| | | | | |school property? | |5=10 to 19 days |
| | | | | | | |6=20 to 29 days |
| | | | | | | |7=All 30 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q44 |55 |56 |2 |Marij |During your life, how |String |1= 0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |used marijuana? | |3= 3 to 9 times |
| | | | | | | |4 =10 to 19 times |
| | | | | | | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | | | |6=40 to 99 times |
| | | | | | | |7=100 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Filler |57 |58 | |F3 | | | |
|Q45 |59 |60 |2 |MarijAge |How old were you when |String |1= I have never tried marijuana |
| | | | | |you tried marijuana for| |2=8 years old or younger |
| | | | | |the first time? | |3=9 or 10 years old |
| | | | | | | |4=11 or 12 years old |
| | | | | | | |5=13 or 14 years old |
| | | | | | | |6=15 or 16 years old |
| | | | | | | |7=17 years old or older |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q46 |61 |62 |2 |Marijtime30 |During the past 30 |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |days, how many times | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |did you use marijuana? | |3=3 to 9 times |
| | | | | | | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | | | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | | | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q47 |63 |64 |2 |MarijSch |During the past 30 |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |days, how many times | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |did you use marijuana | |3=3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |on school property? | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | | | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | | | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q48 |65 |66 |2 |Coca |During your life, how |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |used any form of | |3=3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |cocaine, including | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |powder, crack, or | |5= 20 to 39 times |
| | | | | |freebase? | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q49 |67 |68 |2 |Cocatim30 |During the past 30 |String |1= 0 times |
| | | | | |days, how many times | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |did you use any form of| |3= 3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |cocaine, including | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |powder, crack, or | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | |freebase? | |6= 40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q50 |69 |70 |2 |Glue |During your life, how |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |sniffed glue, breathed | |3 =3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |the contents of aerosol| |4= 10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |spray cans, or inhaled | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | |any paints or sprays to| |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | |get high? | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q51 |71 |72 |2 |Glue30 |During the past 30 |String |1= 0 times |
| | | | | |days, how many times | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |have you sniffed glue, | |3= 3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |breathed the contents | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |of aerosol spray cans, | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | |or inhaled any paints | |6= 40 or more times |
| | | | | |or sprays to get high? | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q52 |73 |74 |2 |HeroinUse |During your life, how |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |used heroin (also | |3=3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |called smack, junk, or | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |China White)? | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | | | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q53 |75 |76 |2 |Metham |During your life, how |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |used methamphetamines | |3=3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |(also called speed, | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |crystal, crank, or | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | |ice)? | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q54 |77 |78 |2 |Ecstacy |During your life, how |String |1=0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |used ecstasy (also | |3=3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |called MDMA)? | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | | | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | | | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q55 |79 |80 |2 |Staroid |During your life, how |String |1= 0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 or 2 times |
| | | | | |taken steroid pills or | |3= 3 to 9 times |
| | | | | |shots without a | |4=10 to 19 times |
| | | | | |doctor's prescription? | |5=20 to 39 times |
| | | | | | | |6=40 or more times |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q56 |81 |82 |2 |InjectDrg |During your life, how |String |1= 0 times |
| | | | | |many times have you | |2=1 time |
| | | | | |used a needle to inject| |3= 2 or more times |
| | | | | |any illegal drug into | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |your body? | |99= Missing |
|Q57 |83 |84 |2 |OfferDrg |During the past 12 |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |months, has anyone | |2=No |
| | | | | |offered, sold, or given| |88=N/A |
| | | | | |you an illegal drug on | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |school property? | | |
|Filler |85 |86 | |F4 | | | |
|Q58 |87 |88 |2 |SexHad |Have you ever had |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |sexual intercourse? | |2=No |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q59 |89 |90 |2 |SexFirst |How old were you when |String |1= I have never had sexual |
| | | | | |you had sexual | |intercourse |
| | | | | |intercourse for the | |2 =11 years old or younger |
| | | | | |first time? | |3=12 years old |
| | | | | | | |4=13 years old |
| | | | | | | |5=14 years old |
| | | | | | | |6=15 years old |
| | | | | | | |7=16 years old |
| | | | | | | |8=17 years old or older |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q60 |91 |92 |2 |SexParts |During your life, with |String |1= I have never had sexual |
| | | | | |how many people have | |intercourse |
| | | | | |you had sexual | |2 =1 person |
| | | | | |intercourse? | |3=2 people |
| | | | | | | |4= 3 people |
| | | | | | | |5= 4 people |
| | | | | | | |6=5 people |
| | | | | | | |7 =6 or more people |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q61 |93 |94 |2 |SexPar3M |During the past 3 |String |1=I have never had sexual |
| | | | | |months, with how many | |intercourse |
| | | | | |people did you have | |2= I have had sexual intercourse, |
| | | | | |sexual intercourse? | |but not during the past 3 months |
| | | | | | | |3= 1 person |
| | | | | | | |4=2 people |
| | | | | | | |5=3 people |
| | | | | | | |6=4 people |
| | | | | | | |7=5 people |
| | | | | | | |8=6 or more people |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q62 |95 |96 |2 |SexDrgAlc |Did you drink alcohol |String |1= I have never had sexual |
| | | | | |or use drugs before you| |intercourse |
| | | | | |had sexual intercourse | |2=Yes |
| | | | | |the last time? | |3=No |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q63 |97 |98 |2 |CondomUse |The last time you had |String |1=I have never had sexual |
| | | | | |sexual intercourse, did| |intercourse |
| | | | | |you or your partner use| |2=Yes |
| | | | | |a condom? | |3=No |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q64 |99 |100 |2 |birLasSex |The last time you had |String |1=I have never had sexual |
| | | | | |sexual intercourse, | |intercourse |
| | | | | |what one method did you| |2=No method was used to prevent |
| | | | | |or your partner use to | |pregnancy |
| | | | | |prevent pregnancy? | |3=Birth control pills |
| | | | | | | |4= Condoms |
| | | | | | | |5= Depo-Provera (injectable birth|
| | | | | | | |control) |
| | | | | | | |6=Withdrawal |
| | | | | | | |7=Some other method |
| | | | | | | |8= Not sure |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q65 |101 |102 |2 |Pregn |How many times have you|String |1= 0 times |
| | | | | |been pregnant or gotten| |2= 1 time |
| | | | | |someone pregnant? | |3= 2 or more times |
| | | | | | | |4=Not sure |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q66 |103 |104 |2 |Weight |How do you describe |String |1=Very underweight |
| | | | | |your weight? | |2= Slightly underweight |
| | | | | | | |3= About the right weight |
| | | | | | | |4= Slightly overweight |
| | | | | | | |5= Very overweight |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q67 |105 |106 |2 |WeiAct |Which of the following |String |1= Lose weight |
| | | | | |are you trying to do | |2= Gain weight |
| | | | | |about your weight? | |3=Stay the same weight |
| | | | | | | |4= I am not trying to do anything|
| | | | | | | |about my weight |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q68 |107 |108 |2 |WeiExerc30 |During the past 30 |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |days, did you exercise | |2=No |
| | | | | |to lose weight or to | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |keep from gaining | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |weight? | | |
|Q69 |109 |110 |2 |WeiLosEat30 |During the past 30 |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |days, did you eat less | |2=No |
| | | | | |food, fewer calories, | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |or foods low in fat to | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |lose weight or to keep | | |
| | | | | |from gaining weight? | | |
|Q70 |111 |112 |2 |WeiFas |During the past 30 |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |days, did you go | |2=No |
| | | | | |without eating for 24 | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |hours or more (also | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |called fasting) to lose| | |
| | | | | |weight or to keep from | | |
| | | | | |gaining weight? | | |
|Q71 |113 |114 |2 |WeiPill |During the past 30 |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |days, did you take any | |2= No |
| | | | | |diet pills, powders, or| |88=N/A |
| | | | | |liquids without a | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |doctor's advice to lose| | |
| | | | | |weight to keep from | | |
| | | | | |gaining weight? | | |
|Q72 |115 |116 |2 |WeitVom |During the past 30 |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |days, did you vomit or | |2= No |
| | | | | |take laxatives to lose | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |weight or to keep from | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |gaining weight? | | |
|Q80 |117 |118 |2 |ExecVig7 |On how many of the past|String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |7 days did you exercise| |2=1 day |
| | | | | |or participate in | |3=2 days |
| | | | | |physical activity for | |4=3 days |
| | | | | |at least 20 minutes | |5=4 days |
| | | | | |that made you sweat and| |6=5 days |
| | | | | |breathe hard, such as | |7=6 days |
| | | | | |basketball, soccer, | |8=7 days |
| | | | | |running, swimming laps,| |88=N/A |
| | | | | |fast bicycling, fast | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |dancing, or similar | | |
| | | | | |aerobic activities? | | |
|Q81 |120 |121 |2 |WeiMod7 |On how many of the past|String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |7 days did you | |2=1 day |
| | | | | |participate in physical| |3=2 days |
| | | | | |activity for at least | |4=3 days |
| | | | | |30 minutes that did not| |5=4 days |
| | | | | |make you sweat or | |6=5 days |
| | | | | |breathe hard, such as | |7=6 days |
| | | | | |fast walking, slow | |8=7 days |
| | | | | |bicycling, skating, | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |pushing a lawn mower, | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |or mopping floors? | | |
|Q83 |123 |124 |2 |TV |On an average school |String |1=I do not watch TV on an average |
| | | | | |day, how many hours do | |school day |
| | | | | |you watch TV? | |2=Less than 1 hour per day |
| | | | | | | |3=1 hour per day |
| | | | | | | |4=2 hours per day |
| | | | | | | |5=3 hours per day |
| | | | | | | |6=4 hours per day |
| | | | | | | |7=5 or more hours per day |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q84 |125 |126 |2 |PEClasDay |In an average week when|String |1=0 days |
| | | | | |you are in school, on | |2=1 day |
| | | | | |how many days do you go| |3=2 days |
| | | | | |to physical education | |4=3 days |
| | | | | |(PE) classes? | |5=4 days |
| | | | | | | |6=5 days |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q85 |127 |128 |2 |PEMin |During an average |String |1=I do not take PE |
| | | | | |physical education (PE)| |2=Less than 10 minutes |
| | | | | |class, how many minutes| |3=10 to 20 minutes |
| | | | | |do you spend actually | |4=21 to 30 minutes |
| | | | | |exercising or playing | |5=31 to 40 minutes |
| | | | | |sports? | |6=41 to 50 minutes |
| | | | | | | |7=51 to 60 minutes |
| | | | | | | |8=More than 60 minutes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q86 |129 |130 |2 |TeamsNum |During the past 12 |String |1=0 teams |
| | | | | |months, on how many | |2=1 team |
| | | | | |sports teams did you | |3=2 teams |
| | | | | |play? (Include any | |4=3 or more teams |
| | | | | |teams run by your | |88=N/A |
| | | | | |school or community | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |groups.) | | |
|Q87 |131 |132 |2 |HIVSch |Have you ever been |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |taught about AIDS or | |2=No |
| | | | | |HIV infection in | |3=Not sure |
| | | | | |school? | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q96 |133 |134 |2 |Asthma |Has a doctor or nurse |String |1=Yes |
| | | | | |ever told you that you | |2=No |
| | | | | |have asthma? | |3=Not sure |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|Q97 |135 |136 |2 |AsmAttc |During the past 12 |String |1=I do not have asthma |
| | | | | |months, have you had an| |2=No, I have asthma, but I have |
| | | | | |episode of asthma or an| |not had an episode of asthma or an|
| | | | | |asthma attack? | |asthma attack during the past 12 |
| | | | | | | |months |
| | | | | | | |3=Yes, I have had an episode of |
| | | | | | | |asthma or an asthma attack during |
| | | | | | | |the past 12 months |
| | | | | | | |4=Not sure |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A1 |137 |138 |2 |French |French club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A2 |139 |140 |2 |German |German Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A3 |141 |142 |2 |Latin |Latin Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A4 |143 |144 |2 |Spanish |Spanish Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A5 |145 |146 |2 |Book |Book Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A6 |147 |148 |2 |Computer |Computer Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A7 |149 |150 |2 |Debate |Debate Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A8 |151 |152 |2 |Drama |Drama Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A9 |153 |154 |2 |FFA |Future Farmers of |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | |America | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A10 |155 |156 |2 |History |History Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A11 |157 |158 |2 |Math |Math Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A12 |159 |160 |2 |Science |Science Club |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A13 |161 |162 |2 |Band |Band |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A14 |163 |164 |2 |Cheer |Cheerleaders/Dance Team|String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A15 |165 |166 |2 |Choir |Chorus or Choir |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A16 |167 |168 |2 |Orchestra |Orchestra |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A17 |169 |170 |2 |OthClub |Other Club or |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | |Organization | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A18 |171 |172 |2 |Baseball |Baseball/Softball |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A19 |173 |174 |2 |Basketbal |Basketball |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A20 |175 |176 |2 |FHockey |Field Hockey |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A21 |177 |178 |2 |Football |Football |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A22 |179 |180 |2 |IHockey |Ice hockey |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A23 |181 |182 |2 |Soccer |Soccer |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A24 |183 |184 |2 |Swimming |Swimming |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A25 |185 |186 |2 |Tennis |Tennis |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A26 |187 |188 |2 |Track |Track |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A27 |189 |190 |2 |VolleyBall |Volleyball |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A28 |191 |192 |2 |Wrestling |Wrestling |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A29 |193 |194 |2 |OthSpots |Other Sport |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A30 |195 |196 |2 |Newpap |Newspaper |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A31 |197 |198 |2 |HonSocty |Honor Society |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A32 |199 |200 |2 |StuCcl |Student Council |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44A33 |201 |202 |2 |YearBook |Yearbook |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|By3 |203 |204 |2 |DARE |DARE |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | | | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|By4 |205 |206 |2 |PSI |Postponing Sexual |String |1=Marked |
| | | | | |Involvement | |2=Yes |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S44 |207 |208 |2 |No_Orgs |I do not participate in|String |1=True |
| | | | | |any club, | |2=False |
| | | | | |Organizations, teams at| |77=Mis-marked(mark also in section|
| | | | | |school or outside | |59-85) |
| | | | | |school referral | |88= Not Marked(no mark section |
| | | | | |programs | |(59-86) |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62B |209 |210 |2 |Q95 |I feel close to people |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |at this school | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62E |211 |212 |2 |Q96 |I feel like I am part |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |of this school. | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62G |213 |214 |2 |Q97 |The students at this |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |school are prejudiced. | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62I |215 |216 |2 |Q98 |I am happy to be at |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |this school. | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62K |217 |218 |2 |Q99 |I have a lot to be |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |proud of. | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62L |219 |220 |2 |Q100 |The teachers at this |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |school treat students | |2=agree |
| | | | | |fairly. | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62O |221 |222 |2 |Q101 |I feel socially |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |accepted. | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62Q |223 |224 |2 |Q102 |I feel safe in my |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |neighborhood. | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|S62R |225 |226 |2 |Q103 |I feel safe in my |String |1=strongly agree |
| | | | | |school | |2=agree |
| | | | | | | |3=neither agree nor disagree |
| | | | | | | |4=disagree |
| | | | | | | |5=strongly disagree |
| | | | | | | |88=N/A |
| | | | | | | |99= Missing |
|By5 |229 |230 |30 |Q104 |Please write any |String | |
| | | | | |additional questions or| |88=N/A |
| | | | | |comments that you have | |99= Missing |
| | | | | |here. | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Appendix J
Parental Capability Survey
| |How often does this occur with you? | |Is this a problem|
| | | |for you |
|Question |Never Seldom Sometimes Often | | |
| |Always | | |
I give commands that are directive in nature. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | | I give commands only when an immediate response is needed. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I give commands in a calm tone. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I give my child praise when he or she adheres to my command. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | | | | | | | | | | | | | |I give a consequence when my child refuses a command. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I pay attention to positive behaviors when deciding to give my child my attention. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I ignore (benign,) negative, attention seeking behaviors. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I am selective about what annoying situation I will confront my child about. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | | | | | | | | | | | | | |I listen to my Child. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I pay attention to my child’s needs. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | | | | | | | | | | | | | |I am involved in activities with my child. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I praise my child for doing well. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I enjoy spending time with my child. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I spend time talking with my child. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | | | | | | | | | | | | | |The techniques I use to discipline my child are based on new skills that I have learned through Beech Acres. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I teach my child new skills. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |The interactive moments that I have with my child show me that our relationship is good. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |I am confident in my ability to discipline my child. |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 | |Yes |No | |
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