Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure - Supreme Court of Ohio

OHIO RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

Title I SCOPE OF RULES-ONE FORM OF ACTION

Rule 1 1.1 2

Scope of rules: applicability; construction; exceptions Definitions One form of action

Title II COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION AND VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS; SERVICE AND FILING OF PLEADINGS AND OTHER PAPERS SUBSEQUENT TO THE ORIGINAL COMPLAINT; TIME

3 Commencement of action; venue 4 Process: summons 4.1 Process: methods of service 4.2 Process: who may be served 4.3 Process: out-of-state service 4.4 Process: service by publication 4.5 Process: alternative provisions for service in a foreign country 4.6 Process: limits; amendments; service refused; service unclaimed 4.7 Process: waiving service 5 Service and filing of pleadings and other papers subsequent to the original complaint 6 Time

Title III PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS

7 Pleadings and motions 8 General rules of pleading 9 Pleading special matters 10 Form of pleadings 11 Signing of pleadings, motions, or other documents 12 Defenses and objections-when and how presented-by pleadings or motion-motion for

judgment on the pleadings 13 Counterclaim and cross-claim 14 Third-party practice 15 Amended and supplemental pleadings 16 Pretrial procedure

Title IV PARTIES

17 Parties plaintiff and defendant; capacity 18 Joinder of claims and remedies 19 Joinder of persons needed for just adjudication 19.1 Compulsory joinder 20 Permissive joinder of parties

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Rule 21 22 23 23.1 24 25

Misjoinder and nonjoinder of parties Interpleader Class actions Derivative actions by shareholders Intervention Substitution of parties

Title V DISCOVERY

26 General provisions governing discovery 27 Perpetuation of testimony-depositions before action or pending appeal 28 Persons before whom depositions may be taken 29 Stipulations regarding discovery procedure 30 Depositions upon oral examination 31 Depositions of witnesses upon written questions 32 Use of depositions in court proceedings 33 Interrogatories to parties 34 Producing documents, electronically stored information, and tangible things, or entering

onto land, for inspection and other purposes 35 Physical and mental examination of person 36 Requests for admission 37 Failure to make discovery, disclosures, or participate in discover-related obligations;

sanctions

Title VI TRIALS

38 Jury trial of right 39 Trial by jury or by the court 40 Pre-recorded testimony 41 Dismissal of actions 42 Consolidation; separate trials 43 Taking Testimony 44 Proof of official record 44.1 Judicial notice of certain law; determination of foreign law 45 Subpoena 46 Exceptions unnecessary 47 Jurors 48 Juries: majority verdict; stipulation of number of jurors 49 Verdicts; interrogatories 50 Motion for a directed verdict and for judgment not-withstanding the verdict 51 Instructions to the jury; objection 52 Findings by the court 53 Magistrates

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Title VII JUDGMENT

Rule 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

Judgments; costs Default Summary judgment Declaratory judgments Entry of judgment New trials Relief from judgment or order Harmless error Stay of proceedings to enforce a judgment Disability of a judge

Title VIII PROVISIONAL AND FINAL REMEDIES

64 Seizure of person or property 65 Injunctions 65.1 Civil Protection Orders 66 Receivers 67 [Reserved] 68 Offer of judgment 69 Execution 70 Judgment for specific acts; vesting title 71 Process in behalf of and against persons not parties 72 [Reserved]

Title IX PROBATE, JUVENILE, AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS PROCEEDINGS

73 Probate division of the court of common pleas 74 [Reserved] 75 Divorce, annulment, and legal separation actions 76 [Reserved] 77 [Reserved] 78 [Reserved] 79 [Reserved] 80 [Reserved] 81 References to Ohio Revised Code

Title X GENERAL PROVISIONS

82 Jurisdiction unaffected 83 Local rules of practice 84 Forms 85 Title

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Rule 86 Effective date

APPENDIX OF FORMS Forms 1-20 General Civil Forms Forms 1-28 Domestic Relations Forms

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TITLE I. SCOPE OF RULES--ONE FORM OF ACTION.

RULE 1. Scope of Rules: Applicability; Construction; Exceptions.

(A) Applicability

These rules prescribe the procedure to be followed in all courts of this state in the exercise of civil jurisdiction at law or in equity, with the exceptions stated in division (C) of this rule.

(B) Construction

These rules shall be construed and applied to effect just results by eliminating delay, unnecessary expense and all other impediments to the expeditious administration of justice.

(C) Exceptions

These rules, to the extent that they would by their nature be clearly inapplicable, shall not apply to procedure (1) upon appeal to review any judgment, order or ruling, (2) in the appropriation of property, (3) in forcible entry and detainer, (4) in small claims matters under Chapter 1925 of the Revised Code, (5) in uniform reciprocal support actions, (6) in the commitment of the mentally ill, (7) in adoption proceedings under Chapter 3107 of the Revised Code, (8) in all other special statutory proceedings; provided, that where any statute provides for procedure by a general or specific reference to all the statutes governing procedure in civil actions such procedure shall be in accordance with these rules.

(D) Court orders regarding physical appearance

As used in these rules, any option to use live two-way video and audio technology shall not be construed to limit the power of a court to order that a party, attorney, or witness physically appear at a proceeding without the use of live two-way video and audio technology.

Effective Date: July 1, 1970 Amended: July 1, 1971; July 1, 1975; July 1, 2015; July 1, 2023

Staff Note (July 1, 2015 Amendment) Division (C) is amended to specifically include, within the exceptions to the application of the Civil Rules, Revised Code Chapter 3107 adoption proceedings, to the extent that the rules would by their nature be clearly inapplicable to those proceedings.

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RULE 1.1. Definitions. As used in these rules: (A) "Appear," "appearance," or "in person" mean the physical or remote presence of an individual. (B) "Attendance" means the physical or remote presence of an individual. (C) "Open court" includes a court proceeding open to the public in person or by remote access to the live proceeding. (D) "Personally" means the physical or remote presence of an individual except as provided by Civ.R. 4.1 through 4.5 and Civ.R. 45. (E) "Remote presence" means the presence of a person who is using live two-way video and audio technology. Effective Date: July 1, 2023

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RULE 2. One Form of Action. There shall be only one form of action, and it shall be known as a civil action. Effective Date: July 1, 1970

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TITLE II. COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION AND VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS; SERVICE AND FILING OF PLEADINGS AND OTHER PAPERS SUBSEQUENT TO THE ORIGINAL COMPLAINT; TIME.

RULE 3. Commencement of Action; Venue.

(A) Commencement

A civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court, if service is obtained within one year from such filing upon a named defendant, or upon an incorrectly named defendant whose name is later corrected pursuant to Civ.R. 15(C), or upon a defendant identified by a fictitious name whose name is later corrected pursuant to Civ.R. 15(D).

(B) Limited appearance by attorney

An attorney's role may be limited in scope, as authorized by Prof.Cond.R. 1.2(c), if that scope is specifically described in a "Notice of Limited Appearance" stating that the limited appearance has been authorized by the party for whom the appearance is made, and filed and served in accordance with Civ.R. 5 prior to or at the time of any such appearance. The attorney's limited appearance terminates without the necessity of leave of court, upon the attorney filing a "Notice of Completion of Limited Appearance" filed and served upon all parties, including the party for whom the appearance was made, in accordance with Civ.R. 5. If there is no objection within ten days of service of this notice, then no entry by the court is necessary for the termination of the limited appearance to take effect.

(C) Venue: where proper

Any action may be venued, commenced, and decided in any court in any county. When applied to county and municipal courts, "county," as used in this rule, shall be construed, where appropriate, as the territorial limits of those courts. Proper venue lies in any one or more of the following counties:

(1) The county in which the defendant resides;

(2) The county in which the defendant has his or her principal place of business;

(3) A county in which the defendant conducted activity that gave rise to the claim for relief;

(4) A county in which a public officer maintains his or her principal office if suit is brought against the officer in the officer's official capacity;

(5) A county in which the property, or any part of the property, is situated if the subject of the action is real property or tangible personal property;

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