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Name: FORMTEXT ?????Date: FORMTEXT ?????School: FORMTEXT ?????Facilitator: FORMTEXT ?????7.01 Notes Outline“Origins of Conflict”Answer the?7.01 Notes Outline as you review the lesson. Explore 7.01:Write the first three words that come to mind when you see these images. FORMTEXT ?????I. DictatorsRise of European DictatorsFascist leaders like FORMTEXT ????? in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy rose to power in the 1920s and 1930s. They gained power quickly because of their focus on the need to rebuild their nations in the aftermath of World War I and the economic hardships that plagued their nations.The dictators of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Communist USSR all set up totalitarian governments. A FORMTEXT ????? controls every aspect of life for its citizens. In other words, a totalitarian government has "total" control over the people. These governments use terror to suppress individual rights and anyone who attempts to oppose them. Benito Mussolini of ItalyBenito Mussolini fought in WWI. He believed that Italy had been short changed in the war settlements. He joined the Fascist Party in 1919. FORMTEXT ????? is a government philosophy that places the nation above the individual. It allows for private businesses, but individual rights and freedoms are lost as everyone works for the benefit of society and the nation.Mussolini was known as “Il Duce,” which means the leader. He believed, "the country is nothing without conquest." He relied on gangs of Fascist thugs, called FORMTEXT ?????, to terrorize and bring any opposition under control. In 1922, FORMTEXT ????? was appointed Prime Minister of Italy. In 1935-1936, Mussolini invaded and conquered Ethiopia. Adolf Hitler in GermanyLike Mussolini, Adolf Hitler had also served in WWI and was enraged by the outcome of the peace settlement. In 1919 Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the FORMTEXT ?????. In 1923, Hitler made a failed attempt to overthrow the German government and he was sentenced to 5 years in prison. He only served 9 months. During his trial and stay in prison, he made a nationally recognized name for himself.During his imprisonment, Hitler wrote his autobiography FORMTEXT ?????, "My Struggle." In it, he outlined his views on Germany's problems, his plans to rebuild Germany, and the Nazi philosophy. He planned to rebuild the military and expand Germany's borders. He blamed the Jewish population for Germany WWI. He called for purifying the Aryan race (blond, blue-eyed Germans) by removing groups considered "undesirable" from Germany.Because of such promises, Hitler gradually won a large following.Hitler Rules GermanyHitler and the Nazis promised to stabilize the country, rebuild the economy, and restore the empire that had been lost. By 1933, the Nazi party was the largest political group in the Reichstag and Hitler soon took over as Der Fuhrer. Once the official leader, Hitler silenced his opposition, including the communist groups, suspended civil liberties, and became a dictator.II. WWII BeginsEurope Goes to WarOn March 9, 1936, German troops moved into the FORMTEXT ?????, a region in Western Germany along the borders of France and Belgium. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of WWI, the Rhineland was supposed to remain a buffer zone between the countries in which no German troops allowed. The invasion and militarization of the Rhineland by Germany was a clear violation of the FORMTEXT ?????.Also in 1936, Hitler signed an alliance with Mussolini, beginning the FORMTEXT ????? of World War II. Japan would later join Germany and Italy in the alliance.German Empire GrowsIn March 1938, German troops entered FORMTEXT ????? and annexed it.Britain and France protested the annexation, but Hitler claimed that German-Austrian affairs were the concern of only the German people.A few months later, Hitler demanded the FORMTEXT ?????, an area of eastern Czechoslovakia heavily populated by Germans. In September 1938, in an effort to avoid war, representatives from Germany, France, and England met at the FORMTEXT ????? to discuss German demands, aggression, and clear violations of the Treaty of Versailles.In what is known as the FORMTEXT ?????, England and France agreed to let Hitler have the Sudetenland. This type of policy is referred to as FORMTEXT ?????, which means they gave into his demands in order to keep the peace.Britain and France remembered the horrors of WWI and were not prepared for another war, so they appeased Hitler with the Munich Pact to avoid war. Not everyone thought the appeasement was a good idea. FORMTEXT ?????, who would become the Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940 said, "Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor…They chose dishonor. They will have war." Final Steps to WarGreat Britain and France hoped that giving Hitler the Sudetenland would satisfy his demands for land, but they were wrong.In March 1939, Hitler annexed the rest of FORMTEXT ?????Britain and France warned Hitler that any further advances would cause war, but those warnings did not stop Hitler.Hitler invaded FORMTEXT ????? on September 1, 1939.Two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany.Blitzkrieg and SitzkriegGermany used a tactic called FORMTEXT ?????or “lightning war” to take control of Poland in less than a month.During a blitzkrieg assault, Germany used tanks, artillery, and soldiers moving by truck instead of on foot, to strike rapidly deep into enemy territory.After Poland fell, the war entered a lull or quiet period referred to as FORMTEXT ?????, “phony war” or “sit-down war.” French forces built up massive defensives at the FORMTEXT ?????, along Frances border with Germany, as Germany simply watched and waited. Germany Rolls Over EuropeOn April 9, 1940, sitzkrieg ended as Hitler attacked Denmark and Norway. On May 10, Germany quickly overwhelmed Belgium, the Netherlands, and France by moving around the Maginot Line and launching a blitzkrieg attack. After German forces had taken over most of Western Europe, British soldiers were forced to retreat from France over a nine-day period. The rescue of 340,000 soldiers from the city of FORMTEXT ?????, one of the greatest in history, involved a makeshift fleet of 900 boats. Battle of BritainFrance surrendered in June 1940, leaving the British to stand alone against Germany in the FORMTEXT ?????. Hitler's Air Force, known as the FORMTEXT ?????, launched the greatest air attack the world had ever seen using 1000 planes per day to bomb Britain.The British Royal Air Force (RAF) was greatly outnumbered but bravely fought to defend Britain. By the start of 1941, 30,000 were killed, 120,000 were injured, and there were 1500 fires in London alone. ................
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