Module 1 – Viewing Digital Data in ArcMap



An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) using

ArcGIS 10

by

Marcel Fortin, GIS and Map Librarian, University of Toronto Libraries, 2010 gis.maps@utoronto.ca



The data and this workshop document can be downloaded from



Module 1 – Getting to know ArcMap : using a pre-made “map” or “project file”

Objective of Module: Learn to use ArcMap GIS software, use a pre-made project file (map), zoom in/out of a map, experiment with scale, label map data, and get information from map data

1) Start by downloading the datasets required for these modules from and save this file in the …\My Documents\ area of your computer

2) Unzip the zipped file by right-clicking on it and choosing 7-zip ( Extract Here

3) Open ArcMap by selecting it from the Start menu [pic]

4) Once, in ArcMap, Click on or or use the File menu and select Open…

5) Navigate to \My Documents\arcdata\Ontario\ highlight ontario.mxd (this is called a map project file and contains the information about layers/features that make up your map), click on open. The map below will appear on screen.

Table of Contents

6) turn all layers off one at a time by clicking [pic] in the Table of Contents

7) turn all layers on one at a time by clicking [pic]

8) turn all layers off by right-clicking on Layers and selecting Turn All Layers Off

9) turn all layers on by right-clicking on Layers again

10) and selecting Turn All Layers On

11) Zoom in by selecting the [pic] tool and click in the center of the map area a few times

12) Zoom out by selecting the [pic] tool and click a few times in the center of the map area

13) Go back to the full-extent of the map area by clicking on the globe[pic]

14) Click hold the zoom-in tool [pic] ; draw a box around Southern Ontario as in the image below

15) Change to a specific scale by entering 1:2,000,000 in the scale box

16) View previously used and set scales by clicking

on the scale box selection tool on the right of the

box and select a different scale

17) Right-click the oncoastline layer in the table of contents on the Table of Contents on left side of the screen and select Zoom to layer

18) You will notice that you have been sent to the only “coastline” Ontario has on Hudson’s and James Bay

19) Highlight the oncoastline layer by clicking on the word oncoastline as shown in this image

20) Click once on the dotted line underneath the word oncoastline.

21) A symbol selector box will appear. Scroll down using the scrollbar and select the option Coastline. Select a colour for your line using the Color option on your right; and the Width option to select a line thickness at 2. click on OK once you have made a selection.

You will notice that the colour and visibility of the coastline on the map is now quite different.

22) Go back to the full-extent of the map/data by clicking on the globe[pic]

23) Click on

24) As you move in the map view you will notice the coordinates of where the mouse is at the bottom right of the screen

25) Zoom to Southern Ontario again to where you think you could find Toronto

Hint:

26) Try and find the approximate north and south coordinates for where you think the Toronto city centre is located. X(longitude)_________ West, Y(latitude)___________ North

27) Now bookmark your zoomed in area using the Bookmarks menu and selecting Create…

28) Give your bookmark the name Toronto City Centre, click on OK. If you are asked to replace the previous Toronto bookmark, click on “Yes”.

29) Go back to the full-extent of the data/map by clicking on the globe[pic]

30) Go back to your bookmark by selecting it in the Bookmarks menu

31) Go to Algonquin Park by selecting the bookmark already created for you called “Algonquin Park”.

32) Get information on a layer by clicking on [pic]. Select the Onparks Layer from the Identify from: box in the new Identify screen. Use your cursor and click on the park on the map (it is in green). Information about the area clicked will appear giving you information on the area.

33) Close the Identify Results box

34) Highlight the onparks layers by clicking on it in the Table of Contents on the left-hand side of the screen

35) Right-click on the layer and select Open Attribute Table

36) You will notice a table of attribute information. Notice the NAME column and the entries? You will now use this column to label your layer on the map. Close this table.

37) Right-click on the onparks layer again but now select Properties. Select the Labels tab. Under the Text String Label Field: option, select NAME. Click on OK.

38) Right-click on the onparks layer again and select Label Features.

Module 2 – Creating a printable map

Objective of Module : use the layout view of ArcMap and create and export a printable map complete with scale bar, legend, and north arrow

1) Bring up the full-extent of the last module by clicking on

2) To start creating a printable map of your Ontario.mxd project use the View menu and select Layout view (NOTE: we will not be printing out any paper maps, only a digital one)

3) Highlight the map area as below by clicking once on the map, click on the box, move it, and stretch to a smaller portion of the page.

4) Using the main zoom tool,

pan and zoom to Southern Ontario (CAUTION: not the layout zoom tool )

5) Under the Insert menu, select the Scale Bar… option

6) Highlight Scale Line 1 and press OK

7) Place the scale bar in the bottom left corner of the map using the mouse

8) Double-Click on the scale bar

and select Kilometersunder the

Division Units option. Press OK.

9) Using the Insert menu,

select the North Arrow… option

10) Highlight a North Arrow and click OK. Place the North Arrow in the bottom right corner of the map

11) Using the Insert menu, select the Legend… option

12) In the Legend Wizard box,

select Set the number of

columns in your legend to

4 and click on Next

13) Replace the Legend Title with the legend name Ontario, or any title you want to give your map

14) Click on Next three more times until you reach a box that has the option Finish at the bottom. Click on Finish

15) Place your Legend above the North Arrow and the Scale Bar using your mouse cursor

16) Under the File menu, select Export Map…

17) Navigate to where you want to save your digital map, starting in the directory: \My Documents\arcdata\

18) Choose a name for your map and select the pdf or JPEG format. Click on Options…, highlight the tab General, select 300 dots per inch (this is the resolution of your map) in the box. Click on Save.

19) Navigate to where you saved your file using Windows Explorer and double-click on your newly created PDF or JPEG exported map.

Module 3 – Loading Digital Map Data (Raster[1] and Vector[2]) and working with datums[3] and projections[4]

Objective: Manipulate data files to fit with one another and to get comfortable with combining and moving around layers in the Table of Contents.

1) To get out of the Layout view, using the View menu, select Data View

2) Create a new project by clicking on

3) Click on the Blank Map and OK

4) Click on Yes to Save changes to Ontario.mxd? pop up box. It is important to ensure, when working with GIS projects like these, to save often and to save changes made to views and additions of data files, labels, etc. Click on Yes

5) Open a new map layer by clicking on

6) The first time you add data from a specific location, you will need to connect to specific folders on your computer and/or network. To do this, you will need to click on the connect to folder icon on the pop up Add Data window.

7) Highlight My Documents and click OK

8) Navigate to \My Documents\arcdata\toronto\

9) Select the layer file tostreets.shp, click on Add. Note that a file with an extension .shp refers to what is called a “shapefile” in GIS parlance. (Note that a shapefile is actually made up of several files…up to about 13 of them in fact. The tostreets.shp file is actually made up of six files but only the tostreets.shp is seen by the ArcMap interface).

10) Add layer/shapefile tocensus.shp (same as step 4)

11) A Warning box will appear telling you that two different coordinate systems were used for the two different files. Vector files can be transformed on the fly by clicking on Close. Click on Close now.

12) In the data view, note the coordinates in the bottom of the screen. How close were you in module 1 to finding the coordinates for Toronto? [pic]

13) Click-hold the tocensus layer and move it above the other layer like in the image below using your mouse. This is the method used to overlay one dataset over another. You will notice that the streets disappear. Move them back to the top using this same method

14) Using add the low-resolution air photo toronto99.tif (NOTE: Highlight the name of the image and click on Add. Do not double-click on the image)

15) The following message box should appear telling you that the data does not have any spatial reference information attached to it; click on OK.

You will notice that no air photo appears in the map screen. This is because the image has a different coordinate system and projection from our shapefile (vector layers). Raster images cannot have their projection and coordinate systems changed on the fly, unlike vector data, unless the image is accompanied by a projection (.prj) file. This, unfortunately, is rarely the case when downloading raster imagery.

16) Ensure the List by Drawing Order option is selected at the top left of your Table of Contents

17) Click-hold the image layer toronto99.tif and move it above the other layers like in the above steps. Unlike previously, you will note that you are still not able to see the image just loaded.

18) Right-click on Layers and select Properties.

19) In order to be able to view and use the image with these datasets, the coordinate system will have to be changed to match that of the image’s coordinate system. In the Data Frame Properties box that appears (see below) select the Coordinate System tab. you will notice in the box below that the current coordinate system we are using is GCS_Assumed_Geographic (degrees, minutes, seconds) and that the datum is North American 1927. The air photo datum, however, is North American 1983 and its projection is UTM Zone 17.

20) Select Predefined by highlighting [pic], then Projected Coordinate Systens and then select Utm

21) Next select, Nad 1983->NAD 1983 UTM Zone 17N

22) Click on OK, and YES to the Warning box again

23) You will notice that the map is now projected differently and that the air photo now appears on the map screen.

24) Right-click on the toronto99.tif filename and select Properties…

25) Select the Symbology tab, tick the Display Background Value: box and enter 255 255 255 in the three (R,G,B) boxes. Select the colour selection drop down menu and select No Color. Click on OK. This will make the image colour 255 (outer image) transparent.

26) You will now notice that the air photo does not have extraneous white pixels outside of its boundaries

27) Add the air photo layer \My Documents\arcdata\toronto\uoft99.tif

28) Right-click on this layer and click on Zoom to Layer

29) You will notice the difference in resolution between the two images by the pixels on the outer edges of the screen.

30) Using the tool zoom in closer and closer into this image.

31) Click-hold the tostreets layer and drag it above the other two layers

32) Zoom into the center of the uoft99 image. Notice how the streets in this layer align with the streets on the image.

33) Click-hold the tocensus layer and drag it to just below tostreets in the Table of Contents (make sure this layer is clicked on)

34) You will notice that the air photo images now disappear. This is because the tocensus layer is a polygon feature which is areas on the map. Different colours can be added to these “areas” (polygons).

35) Let’s change that option to no colour and let’s change the outline of each polygon. Click once on the colour box below the tocensus layer.

36) In the symbol select box click on the Fill Color: option and select No Color

37) Change the Outline Width to 2 and the Outline Color to green

38) Move the image uoft99.tif to the top of the list. All layers underneath should disappear.

39) Right-click on the taskbar at the top and make sure the Effects option is clicked on

Effects tool bar

40) Select uoft99.tif from the list in the Layer: menu bar

41) Right-click on the uoft99.tif layer in the table of contents and select Zoom to Layer

42) Using this symbol beside the sun on the Effects task bar, select a transparency of about 50%. Now look at the image. Play around with a variety of transparency percentages.

43) Save your project as \My Documents\arcdata\toairphotos.mxd using the File->Save As… option

Module 4 – An Introduction to Thematic Mapping[5]

Objective: Learn to make a Thematic Map. Learn to link data tables together. Get comfortable with the database concepts of GIS

1) Click on to create a new map file

2) Add data to the new map file by clicking on

3) Add the layer \My Documents\arcdata\toronto\tocensus.shp

4) Right-click on the tocensus layer and select Open Attribute Table

5) You will notice that there is some attribute data in this database, but no variables that can be mapped thematically. We are looking for numbers/statistics associated to each polygon in order to map a specific theme.

6) Using, add the census database file \My Documents\arcdata\toronto\tolanguage.dbf (this file was extracted from a Statistics Canada database at )

7) You will notice that nothing is drawn on the screen. This is because this is simply a database and not a GIS file.

8) Right-click on the tolanguage file and select Open.

9) Repeat step 4. Compare the database fields for both files (hint, look at the GEOGRAPHY field). Do you notice any similarities between the two databases? If not, right-click on the CTNAME field in the tocensus shapefile layer and select Sort Ascending

10) You will notice now that the first record in the CTNAME field is the same record in the GEOGRAPHY field in the tolanguage database.

11) To view the tables side by side, select the table options icon and select Arrange Tables and select New Vertical Tab Group

12) Close both database windows by clicking on the in the top right corner of both tables

13) Now we must join the two tables together to be able to map the data in the census table. Right-click on the tocensus layer, select Joins and Relates -> Join…

14) Select Join attributes from a table, and in option 1 select the field CTNAME, in option 2, choose tolanguage as the table to link the data from, click on the box Show the attribute tables of layers in this list, and in option 3, select the field GEOGRAPHY as the field in the database to link to. Select Keep all records in the Join Options section.

15) Notice that nothing different occurs on the screen

16) Repeat step 4 (open attribute table). Notice anything new in the table? Scroll to the right of the table. You should now see the data from our database incorporated into our map layer. Close this window.

17) Double-click on the layer tocensus. Click on the Symbology tab. Click on Quantities on the left and then Graduated colors. In the Fields Value: option, select Value: TOTAL_POPU. Under Classification, select 6 Classes. Click on the Show class ranges using feature values option. Click on OK. Your map should look like the image on the right.

18) To calculate the population density, repeat the last step, but this time normalize the display with the field LAND_AREA_

19) Repeat the last step but this time use Graduated symbols and use the same option as in the image below.

20) Repeat again but this time use the Dot Density option and use the variables as in the image below. Highlight TOTAL_POPU in the Field Selection box and click on

to select this field. Select the Dot Size to be 1 and Dot Value as 50, click on OK.

21) Save this project \My Documents\arcdata\tocensus.mxd but do not exit out of the project.

Module 5 – Manipulating GIS datasets

Objective: Use Structured Query Language (SQL) statements to Query and create new data from attributes associated to GIS layers.

1) Using the project from the previous module, right-click on the tocensus layer and select Data->Export Data… to create a new shapefile incorporating the previous census shapefile and the census database into one editable layer/file.

2) Export the file as shown in the image below (make sure the “Export:” option is set to “All features” in the pop-up box. Click on the Browse button. Save the file in the directory \My Documents\arcdata\census\. Make sure to select shapefile format (.shp). (Note: As of Version 10 of ArcGIS, the default is now to save to geodatabase format.) Click on OK.

3) If the system asks for you to overwrite the previous shapefile called Export_Output.shp, click on Yes.

4) Answer Yes to the next box to add the data to your current project.

5) Right-click on the original tocensus layer and select

remove. Repeat for the file tolanguage

6) Right-click on your new shapefile Export_Output and select Open Attribute Table… You will notice that all your attribute data from your linked database is now part of this new layer.

7) We now want to add a new field to store our calculated population density. Click on Table Options at the top of the table and select Add Field…

8) Give your field the name density, select the type as Short Integer, and in the Precision option type in 10 for the size of the field.

9) Click on Table Options in the table menu at the top left, and select Select By Attributes…

10) In order to populate our field with our calculation, without incurring errors, we need to perform a search for all entries with values greater than 0 (a few census areas have no official populations attached to them and remove any null values). Double-click on the field TOTAL_POPU, then click once on > and type in 0 (zero) to end up with the expression SELECT * FROM Export_Output WHERE: “TOTAL_POPU” > 0 click on Apply.

11) Click on Show Selected Records button. This will list only the areas found with the previous operation and take out the areas with no population numbers or null values for our next calculation.

12) Right-click in the tool bars area at the top of the software and make sure the Editor option is on.

13) Using the Editor menu select Start Editing

14) Right-click on the density field (where the field is listed as “density”) in the database and select Field Calculator…

15) Calculate the population density in Toronto by double-clicking on the field TOTAL_POPU then click once on “/” and double-click on the field LAND_AREA_ click on OK. Now explore the density field, you will see that you have just filled it with data by applying the population density equation of Population divided by land area.

16) Using the Editor option, select Stop Editing. Answer yes to the pop-up box asking if you want to save your edits.

17) Double-click on the layer Export_Output. In the dialog box click on Symbology Then Click on Quantities on the left. In the Fields Value: option, select density. Under Classification, select 6 Classes. Click on the Show class ranges using feature values option.

18) Select a Color Ramp of your choice

19) Click once on the first Range. Enter 0 to display population densities with no numeric values.

20) Double-click on the Symbol box and select for Fill Color: No Color. Click on OK.

21) Zoom into the downtown area of Toronto. You can easily see the highest density area and the areas where there is no data (in white).

22) To find the highest density area in Toronto, right-click on the Export_Output layer and select Open Attribute Table…

23) Scroll right to your density field, right-click on it, and select Sort Descending

24) Highlight the top record by clicking on the box on the left of the record. Close the database window.

25) Right-click on the Export_Output layer, go to the Selection option and click on Zoom to Selected Features.

26) Your map should now look like this.

27) Add the layer \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\tostreets.shp.

28) Right-click the tostreets layer and select Label Features. What are the streets that make up the boundaries for this most densely populated area of Toronto? ________, ________, ________, ________

29) Save your project as tocensus.mxd (optional, but it is good practice)

Module 6 – Creating your own geographic data

Objective: Learn to manipulate simple datasets that can be mapped out.

1) Using Windows explorer, navigate to \My Documents\arcdata\census\

2) Open the text file census.txt by double-clicking on it.

3) Add the following three lines at the bottom of the file (exactly as you seen them):

Yukon Territory,28674,14445,14235

Northwest Territories,37360,19115,18245

Nunavut,26745,13840,12910

The source for this data is the Census of Canada, 2001 (estat.ca)

4) Once you have typed the information for the territories, exit and save the file to \My Documents\arcdata\census.txt. (NOTE: Make sure you are saving the data as a text file and not anything else such as a Microsoft Word document if using Word as your editor).

5) In ArcMap, create a new project by clicking on. Click on Blank Map under My Templates

6) Add the \My Documents\arcdata\canada\provinces.shp layer and the text file you just edited census.txt.

7) Right-click on your census.txt file and select Open

8) Your file is considered a database file by Arcmap and should look like one, complete with field names (first line of your comma-separated text file).

9) Join the provinces layer and your new database like you did in module 4 (step 12)

10) Now create a new map with the provinces labeled with the total population for each province by double-clicking on the provinces layer and selecting population as the Label Field:

11) Now create a new thematic map showing graduated colours for the total population, then the female population

Adding X,Y Location Points

12) In ArcMap, open the project \My Documents\arcdata\ontario\ontario.mxd, you do not need to save the last project.

13) Go to the Algonquin Park bookmark

14) Add the text file called \My Documents\arcdata\gps\gpspoints.txt (these points were downloaded from my Global Positioning System (GPS) unit.

15) Open this file’s attribute table by right-clicking on it and selecting Open

16) You will notice that the file has two fields representing the data’s longitude and latitude. These points can be mapped according to these coordinates combined together. Close this window.

17) Right-click on the layer and select Display XY Data…

12) If the table does not automatically open use the selection tab (circled below) to navigate to the database of GPS points \My Documents\arcdata\gps\gpspoints.txt. If not selected automatically, under the X Field: select longitude and under the Y Field: select latitude Click on OK.

13) You will notice that you now have a new layer with the same name as the gps points database but it will have the word Events next to it.

14)Click on the dot below the gpspoints.txt Events layer

15) Select the triangle as a new shape, change the color to red and the size to 20.00 and click on OK.

18) The map should now look something like this

19) Using the inform\ation tool [pic], click on the

point inside Algonquin park.

20) Add the layer \My Documents\arcdata\on\lakes.shp

21) What lake is this point on?

Module 7 – creating your own polygon shapefile

Objective: learn to use the Edit functions of a GIS to create new georeferenced layers

1) In ArcMap, open up ArcCatalog by clicking on the Windows menu and then Catalog

2) Select the location for a new shapefile by clicking/highlighting the folder where you would like to save your new shapefile.

3) In this case, save your file under \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\

4) Right-click on the Toronto Directory, select New and then shapefile

5) Give your new shapefile the Name: buildings and select the feature type Polygon

6) Select Edit… and as in module 3, select the datum NAD83, and UTM Zone 17 as a coordinate system

7) Click on OK

8) Go back to ArcMap and using File->Open, open the project file \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\buildings.mxd

9) Add your new shapefile: c:\arcgis\data\Toronto\buildings.shp

10) Edit your shapefile by clicking on the Editor taskbar and select Start Editing

11) You may get a warning box appearing stating that the coordinates systems do not match. Click Continue to start editing nonetheless.

12) The Create Features menu will appear on the right hand side. Click buildings and notice below Construction Tools appear.

13) Click on the Polygon under Construction Tools then start by drawing a polygon over the Robarts library building. To begin start at one corner and click, drag the line to the next corner and click again

14) Use several points to draw the building, once you are done, double-click on your last point.

15) If dissatisfied with your drawing, click on delete, if satisfied, click on the Editor menu and click on Save Edits

16) Zoom into smaller buildings and repeat steps 11 to 13 for two or three more buildings.

17) Save your edits every time your finish a building.

18) Once done drawing, using the Editor menu, click on Stop Editing

19) Answer Yes to save your edits.

20) Right-click on your buildings layer and select Open Attribute Table.

21) Using the Tables Option tab, select Add Field

22) Give your field the name name. Make type text and length 50 the default. Click on OK.

23) Under Editor, select Start Editing

24) In the new field of your database, start giving your buildings names

25) Once you have entered the building names, click on Stop Editing from the Editor taskbar.

26) Using the information tool[pic], click on some of the buildings you drew.

27) Repeat this entire module starting at but using a different feature class in ArcCatalog (ie. point, line, etc) to draw roads, or represent trees, etc.

Module 8 – Georeferencing Raster Images of Scanned maps

Objective: learn the principles of georeferencing

1) In ArcMap, open the project \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\georeference.mxd

2) Make sure that the georeferencing extension is on by right-clicking in the task bar area and selecting Georeferencing

3) Using the Georeferencing tool, select Layer: 004.jpg and under the menu Georeferencing, select Fit to Display and make sure that Auto Adjust is clicked on.

4) You will notice that the image 004.jpg now appears. This map is a 1910 Charles E. Goad Fire Insurance Plan. This is not a georeferenced image, but simply a scanned image of a paper map.

5) Select the Rotate tool and manipulate the image using your mouse so that the roads on the image are parallel to the roads in your GIS.

6) Your screen should look something like this image below.

7) Select the Control Points tool

8) Select the middle of the intersection of Avenue and Davenport on the image (not the vector file) and click once. Drag the mouse to the same location on the vector file at the intersection of Avenue and Davenport.

9) You will notice the image has now moved over slightly. Repeat this operation for the Bedford Road and Bernard Street intersection and then the Elgin and Bedford intersection.

10) As the last point, you should choose the Avenue Road and Elgin intersection. Your image should now be completely georeferenced!

11) If your image is not matching the streets as you would like, you can eliminate some points by selecting the View Link Table icon:

12) If you need to delete a point, highlight it and press the delete key. Click on OK when done and resume adding control points to your image.

13) Once you are content with your image fit in your GIS, use the Georeferencing menu to select Rectifiy…

14) In the pop-up box that appears, select the browse option. Make sure you save the new rectified image in the \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\ folder. You can give your new image any name you wish. Select TIFF or JPEG as your image Format:. Click on OK. Please note that the default in ArcGIS 10 is to save in geodatabase format. You must select an output location outside of the geodatabase in order to save in TIF or other image format.

15) Remove the image 004.jpg

16) Now insert your new rectified image into your workspace using the Add Data tool \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\Rectify004.tif

Module 9 – Converting shapefiles to CAD

Objective: learn how to convert geospatial data to other formats

1. Start a new project in arcmap. Add the tostreets shapefile from \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto

2. To convert the shapefile to a CAD file right click on tostreets then click on Data and Export to CAD

3. A dialogue box pops up. Click on the arrow and click on the shapefile you wish to export on the Input Features dropdown menu.

4. click on Output Type pull down arrow and choose the CAD platform and file version such as DWG_R2007 .

5. click on the folder icon by Output file and navigate to \My Documents\arcdata\Toronto\. Call the new cad file “Streets.DWG”, then click OK to convert the data.

6. This process can also be done through ArcToolBox. Click on the ArcToolBox Icon.

7. The ArcToolBox window will pop up.

8. Expand the Conversion Tools box and

click on To CAD. Then click on Export to

CAD. The same dialogue box as above

in point 2 will appear and the same steps

will apply.

Module 10 – Creating Contours from Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Files

Objective: learn how to create contour shapefiles/CAD files from DTMs

1. Add the raster image \My Documents\arcdata\DTM\elevation to ArcMap by using a single click and pressing add. This message will come up and click okay

2. In ArcToolBox go to Spatial Analyst, Surface and

then Contour.

Each cell or pixel contains an

elevation. This height is where the contours are

interpolated from. By pressing the information

button and clicking on any pixel you can get

the elevation value for that cell(pixel).

3. In the Contour dialog box the input raster image will be the elevation file added. The Output polyline features will be \My Documents\arcdata\DTM\contour5m.shp. The contour interval will be 5 for 5 meters. After filling this out press okay. And contours will be generated at 5 m intervals for this digital terrain model(surface).

Last updated: Tuesday, January 10, 2012

This file: M:\WWW\HTML\DOCS\WORKSHOPS\ARCGIS10_MODULES1-10.DOC

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[1] Data source that uses a grid (equally sized square cells arranged in rows and columns) structure to store geographic information such as longitude and latitude.

[2] Coordinate-based data structure used to represent linear geographic features.

[3] Parameters and control points used to accurately define the three-dimensional shape of the earth. It defines part of a geographic coordinate system.

[4] Mathematical formula that transforms locations between the earth’s curved surface and a map’s flat surface. Projections cause distortions in spatial properties.

[5] A thematic map is a map which displays selected kinds of information relating to specific themes, such as soil, land-use, population density, crops, etc.

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Your map should look like the following

Data View

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