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Chapter 1 Objective QuestionsStudying the State of Our EarthThe Mysterious Neuse River Fish KillWhat happened in 1991 to the NC Neuse River?What did they discover was the problem?What type of organism is Pfiesteria?How did this affect people who were exposed to the toxin? How many life stages does this organism possess?What was the determining factor that caused this organism to become cannibalistic?Why would its ability to become dormant be an evolutionary advantage to this organism?What types of human activities contributed to this problem?How did this affect the economy of the area?Environmental science offers important insights into our world and how we influence it.What is considered the environment and what is included in this definition?What is environmental science?What is a system?An ecosystem?Differentiate between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.What is environmentalism? Environmentalist?If you decide to go into environmental studies what subjects would your studies include?Humans alter natural systems. What is the global environment?How do humans impact land? Air? Water?How long have humans (the genus Homo) roamed the Earth?How have humans impacted the planet especially in the last 2 centuries?Environmental scientists monitor natural systems for signs of stress.What are ecosystem services? (see article from Mrs. Ashley for an extension of the ideas in the textbook).What are environmental indicators?What is sustainability? KEY WORD OF THE YEAR!Biological DiversityWhat is biodiversity?Genetic diversity? How does genetic diversity impact a populations when it is under constraints?What is a species?What is species diversity?What advantages do ecosystems with higher species diversity have over those with lower species diversity?Why do environmental scientist use species diversity as a critical environmental indicator?What is speciation? Is it a quick process or slow process?What is background extinction rate? What are the major causes of extinction and the increase in the rate of extinction?What species have been saved by human intervention?What is ecosystem diversity?Make sure you know Table 1.2. which covers the indicators, recent trends, future outlooks, and overall environmental quality impacts of the five key global indicators. Biological diversity is the first one discussed … on to the others. Food Production What three food grains provide most of the protein humans consume?What has happened to world grain production sine the 1950’s and why?What does it mean when we refer to the per capita production?What happens to prices when there are food shortages? What 7 factors influence the production of grain?What besides food do we use grains for?How do government policies impact the production?Average Global Surface Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Why does the Earth’s temperature tend to stay constant?What are greenhouse gases?What has happened to the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the past two centuries?What does the term anthropogenic mean?What two major human activities have had the greatest impact on the increase of these gases? Why?Is the greenhouse effect a good thing? Explain.Human Population What is the current human population?How many people are added to this number every 5 days?What has been happening to this growth since the 1960’s?What is the projection for the year 2050?What does it mean to say our resources are finite?Resource DepletionWhat are natural resources? Examples?What is development and how does it influence resource consumption?What four nations use the most resources? What percentage do developed nations make up in resource use? Developing? Human well-being depends on sustainable practices.What is the lesson of Easter Island?What three things must we strive for to live sustainably?What is sustainable development?What does it mean to live sustainably? How do you rate in this area?Defining Human Needs What is the difference between your needs and your wants? What are the basic needs?How do you think you should base decision-making when it comes to your life?The Ecological FootprintHow do wealthier countries compare to poorer countries in terms of their ecological footprint? What is the ecological footprint? Who came up with this concept?How does a person who eats meat compare with one who is a vegetarian in terms of the footprint?What is total usable arable land? Science is a process Make sure you review the scientific method.Why is replication important in scientific studies?How does sample size impact results of a study?What is the difference between accuracy, precision, and uncertainty?What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?What is the difference between a theory and a natural law?Why is it important to have a control group?What is a natural experiment?What are three factors that make environmental studies often difficult to do?What is environmental equity? Justice?*Often you will have a FRQ on the APES exam that asks you to show how you would set up a scientific study. It would expect you to know how to work with data collected, make graphs, interpret findings, etc. In the appendix of your book there is a section on the fundamental types of graphs. It would be a good idea to make sure you know when to use what type of graph. Work the FRQ on page 24 to practice your math essay writing skills. The multiple-choice questions are great examples of what you will see on the APES exam. ................
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