Chapter 8 Ethnicity and Religion: Deep Roots and Unholy Hate



Chapter 8 Ethnicity and Religion: Deep Roots and Unholy Hate

Terms/names

Desmond Tutu 204 222-3 lu

Masai 204 lu

Ethnocentric 206

WASP 206

Shaman 207

Animism (the noun form of "animist") 207

Middleman minority 214

Hutu 214

Tutsi 214

Madrassa 216 lu

Liberation theology 217-8

Satyagraha 221 lu

Zapatista movement 222 lu

1. T F Brazilian cities are less racially segregated than those in the US. 202

2. T F In Brazil your race can change in the course of your lifetime. 202-3

3. Aside from Catholicism and Protestantism from Europe and North America, where do some of today's religions in Brazil discussed in the text come from? 203

4. About how many ethnic groups were there in the land of the modern United States back when Europeans began to "discover" the Western Hemisphere? 205

5. What has been the effect of nation building on ethnic diversity? 205

6. What impetus did the text suggest is behind efforts to keep the Cherokee, Mohawkm Chippewa, Salish, Welsch, Irish, Scottish, Catalan, and Provencal languages alive? 205

7. Most anthropologists agree that that humans can't be separated into physically distinct races with any precision. 206

8. In which corners of the world can we find ethnocentrism? 206

9. What does WASP stand for? In which country is this an especially prominent term? Is it a term for people nearer the top or the bottom of that country's society? 206

10. These days pretty much world wide, ______ is the color of privilege. 207

11. Did the Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) live before or after Jesus of Nazareth? 208-9

12. Did Muhammad before or after Jesus of Nazareth? When did he live? What religion did he found? 209

13. Which of the three largest religions today, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, have writings from the early days of the religion? 208-9

14. How does the European continent divide today in terms of where Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant Christianity are dominant? 209

15. How "religiously" do people tend to attend church in Europe today? 210

16. What hugely important event in the history of Spain occurred in 1491, the year before Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue on this way to the Indies? 211

17. What religion has the most adherents world-wide? What fraction of the world's population are its adherents? What is second? What religion is third? If "nonreligious" were a religion, where would it rank in size among the world's religions? 210

18. ______ make up 33% [one third][about 20%][one fifth][16 percent][about one sixth][14 percent][about one seventh] of the world's population. 210

a. Adherents of Budhhism d. Adherents of Christianity

b. Adherents of Hinduism e. Adherents of Islam

c. Adherents of Judaism f. Nonreligious people

19. Islamic power has been _____ for several centuries; the number of adherents has ______. 212

20. Give examples of the modern intermingling of people of different faith traditions. [A: more Muslims in London, Detroit, and Chicago than in most Arab capitals; more Jews in New York than in Jerusalem; more Hindus than Episcopalians in New York.]

21. T F Religious and ethnic diversity has had tremendous power to fuel violence. 213

22. T F The history of hate is long. 213

23. What were the tribes involved in the Rwandan genocide? 214

24. Roughly when was the Rwandan genocide? 214

NOTE: Peter Berger is not a British sociologist. Born in Austria, he received all his college education in the US, and except for two years in Germany in the 1950s he has basically been an American academic since getting his 1954 PhD from the New School for Social Rsearch.

25. T F As predicted by Berger, Cox, and others, religion has been rapidly shrinking in the past four decades.

26. How does Barber use the term "jihad?"

27. T F Initially religious fundamentalism in the US was not interested in political involvement, but that has changed in recent decades.

28. Within which of the following religions have there been important fundamentalist movements recently? Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism 215-7

29. What is "liberation theology" all about? 218

30. About how many people were killed in the Nazi Holocaust? 218

31. What weakness of terror does the text identify? How does it illustrate the point with the case of 9/11? 220

32. Whose motto was, "You must be the change you seek." 221

33. Who was the "towering figure of nonviolence in the twentieth century?" 221

34. How did Gandhi die? 221

35. Gandhi's example and ideas inspired many people around the world. Who is probably the best known among the Americans he deeply influenced? 221

36. Who is the Dalai Lama, what country is he from, which religious tradition does he represent, and has his behavior much reflected concepts of nonviolence? 221

37. Who is the most prominent Buddhist leader today? 225

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