NAMING ACIDS



NAMING ACIDS

Acids are substances which contain the element hydrogen.

Examine the following chart and answer the questions which follow it.

Name of Acid Formula

1. hydroiodic acid HI(aq)

2. hydrochloric acid HCl(aq) NOTE: “aq” means dissolved in

3. hydrosulphuric acid H2S(aq) water

4. sulphuric acid H2SO4(aq)

5. carbonic acid H2CO3(aq)

6. chloric acid HClO3(aq)

a) What do the names of the first three acids have in common?

b) What do the formulae of the first three acids have in common?

c) What do the names of the last three acids have in common?

d) What do the formulae of the last three acids have in common?

BINARY ACIDS:

The first three acids in the table are called binary acids. They are made from the corresponding gas dissolved in water. E.g. Hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water gives hydrochloric acid.

Binary acids contain two elements, one of which is hydrogen. Binary acids are named using the prefix HYDRO, meaning “water”, and the suffix IC. All acids have the “ic” suffix ending.

Try naming the following: Try writing formulas for the following:

HF(aq) _____________________________ hydrochloric acid ______________

H2S(aq) _____________________________ hydrobromic acid ______________

OXYACIDS:

The last three acids in the table are called oxyacids. They contain three elements, one of which is hydrogen and one of which is oxygen. Oxyacids are named using the suffix “ic”.

Try naming the following: Try writing the formula for the following:

HNO3(aq) ________________________________ carbonic acid _________________

H2SO4(aq) _______________________________ chloric acid __________________

H3PO4(aq) _______________________________ bromic acid __________________

DERIVATIVES OF OXYACIDS:

For each of the oxyacids, there are three closely related acids that differ only in the number of oxygen atoms present in the acid formula. The main oxyacid may be considered as the “parent” from which the others are derived.

HNO3(aq) is nitric acid - this is the main acid

HNO2(aq) is nitrous acid - subtract one oxygen from the main acid, change suffix to

“ous”

Complete the table below. You must use your knowledge of polyatomic ions from earlier to help you determine the correct formula for the main acid.

|Polyatomic ion |Subtract one oxygen from main acid |Main acid |

| | | |

|NO31- |Nitrous acid |Nitric acid |

| |HNO2(aq) |HNO3(aq) |

| | | |

|ClO31- | | |

| | | |

|CO31- | | |

| | | |

|SO42- | | |

| | | |

|PO43- | | |

Now try to write formulas for all

of the acids below: Now try to name all of the acids below:

a) hydroiodic acid ___________ a) HClO2(aq) ____________________

b) chloric acid _____________ b) HF(aq) ____________________

c) nitric acid _________________ c) H3PO4(aq) ____________________

d) sulphurous acid ____________ d) H2CO2(aq) ____________________

e) hydrochloric acid __________ e) H2S(aq) ____________________

NAMING BASES

Most bases are substances which contain the elements hydrogen and oxygen, combined in the form of a hydroxide ion (OH-). Some bases may contain the bicarbonate, or hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-). Some examples of bases are: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)

Try naming the following bases: Write formulas for the following bases:

a) NaOH _______________ a) lithium hydroxide ______________

b) KOH _______________ b) calcium hydroxide ______________

c) KHCO3 _______________ c) magnesium hydrogen carbonate ____________

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

|Write the formula: | | |Write the name: | |

|Nitrous acid |_______________ | |H2SO4(aq) |_______________ |

|Hydroiodic acid |_______________ | |H2CO2(aq) |_______________ |

|Calcium hydroxide |_______________ | |NaOH |_______________ |

|Carbonous acid |_______________ | |H2S(aq) |_______________ |

|Phosphoric acid |_______________ | |Mg(OH)2 |_______________ |

|Chloric acid |_______________ | |HCl(aq) |_______________ |

|Sodium hydrogen carbonate |_______________ | |HNO3(aq) |_______________ |

|Hydrochloric acid |_______________ | |HF(aq) |_______________ |

|Nitric acid |_______________ | |KHCO3 |_______________ |

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