INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE REFERENCE SHEET



INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE REFERENCE SHEET

Determine if the first element in the formula is a metal, nonmetal, or hydrogen.

1. If the first element is a metal (or the ammonium ion) go to section I.

2. If the first element is a nonmetal go to section II.

3. If the first element is hydrogen go to section III.

I. METALS with NONMETALS ( or negative polyatomic radicals): (IONIC COMPOUNDS – smallest representative unit is the formula unit – transfers electrons)

A. Determine if the first element is monovalent or multivalent. Look at the periodic table and determine if there is only one valence listed in the oxidation state (monovalent) or if there are more that one valence listed in the oxidation state (multivalent).

B, MONOVALENT metals are named by stating the name of the metal followed by the name of the negative ion or polyatomic ion. Formulas are written from names by writing cation and anion formulas with charges and “crisscrossing” the charges. Reduce to LCD.

EXAMPLES: CaCl2 calcium chloride Ca 2+ Cl 2 1-

CaSO4 calcium sulfate

Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide

C. MULTIVALENT metals are named by stating the name of the metal followed by a Roman Numeral which represents the valent state (charge) of the metal, and lastly, naming the negative ion or polyatomic ion. The Roman Numeral does not indicate the number of atoms of that element. Formulas are written from names by writing cation and anion formulas with charges and “crisscrossing” the charges. Reduce subscripts to LCD.

EXAMPLES: FeCl2 iron (II) chloride

FeCl3 iron (III) chloride

Cr2(SO4)3 chromium (III) sulfate

Mo(OH)6 molybdenum (VI) hydroxide

| |EXAMPLE: Iron (III) sulfate |

|EXAMPLE: Cu(NO3)2 -1 |Fe3+ SO4-2 Answer: Fe2(SO4)3 |

|Answer: Copper (II) nitrate Cu (NO3)2 | |

|The “-1” = no. of“Cu”. |6 |

|The “2” = no. of “NO3” +2 -2 | |

1 NONMETALS WITH NONMETALS (COVALENT/MOLECULAR COMPOUND – smallest representative unit is the molecule – shares electrons)

A. Indicate the number of atoms of each element by using the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, etc. If there is only one atom of the first element in the formula, the mon- prefix is usually omitted. MEMORIZE THESE PREFIXES:

1 = mon- 2 = di- 3 = tri- 4 = tetra- 5 = penta-

6 = hex(a)- 7 = hept(a)- 8 = oct(a)- 9 = non(a)- 10 = dec(a)-

EXAMPLES P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide or diphosphorus pentaoxide

CO2 carbon dioxide (notice the mon- prefix is not used)

P4O10 tetraphosphorus decaoxide

CO carbon monoxide (the mon- prefix is used for CO)

II. HYDROGEN IS THE FIRST ELEMENT:

A. Hydrogen is monovalent, thus, is could be named like a monovalent metal.

EXAMPLES: HCl hydrogen chloride

HNO3 hydrogen nitrate

HC2H3O2 hydrogen acetate

B. When hydrogen containing compounds are put into water they become acids and have a naming system of their own. The hydrogen ion, H+, in water is the general definition for an acid. Any of the following substances dissolved in water yields hydrogen ions, and is thus, an acid. This will be discussed during the chapter on acids and bases. At this time memorize the following acids.

HCl hydrochloric acid HNO2 nitrous acid

HNO3 nitric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid

H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2CO3 carbonic acid

HC2H3O2 acetic acid H3PO3 phosphorous acid

H3PO4 phosphoric acid

IV. MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS: The following names are without reason or commonly used compounds:

NH3 ammonia H2O water

CH4 methane H2O2 hydrogen peroxide

V. MEMORIZE THIS TABLE OF COMMON IONS:

acetate C2H3O21- perchlorate ClO41-

bromide Br1- permanganate MnO41-

carbide C4- phosphide P3-

carbonate CO32- phosphate PO43-

hydrogen carbonate phosphite PO33-

or bicarbonate HCO31- monohydrogen phosphate HPO42-

chlorate ClO31- dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41-

chlorite ClO21- azide N31-

hypochlorite ClO1- sulfate SO42-

chloride Cl1- sulfite SO32-

chromate CrO42- hydrogen sulfate

dichromate Cr2O72- or bisulfate HSO41-

cyanide CN1- hydrogen sulfite

fluoride F1- or busulfite HSO31-

hydroxide OH1- sulfide S2-

iodide I1-

iodate IO31- hydrogen sulfide

nitrate NO31- or bisulfide HS1-

nitrite NO21- silicate SiO32-

nitride N3- thiosulfate S2O32-

oxalate C2O42- thiocyanate

oxide O2- or thiocyanide SCN1-

peroxide O22-

CATION: AMMONIUM NH41+ (behaves like a monovalent metal)

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