LAB ACTIVITY: BUILDING AND NAMING MOLECULES WITH ...



LAB ACTIVITY: BUILDING AND NAMING MOLECULES WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND ISOMERS

NAME____________________

DATE_________ PERIOD____

PART I – ALKENES AND ALKYNES

1. Build a molecule of ethane that we will use to compare to the other molecules we will build below.

2. Build a molecule of ethene – which requires 2 bonds between the 2 Carbon atoms.

3. Try to rotate the Carbon atoms in ethane and in ethene. What happens to the ability to “free rotate” when another C- C bond is added to a molecule?

4. Build a model of butene. Compare your model with someone else’s. Are they the same – or are isomers possible?

5. How many different isomers of butene are possible? (be careful to make sure they really are different) Draw Structural formulas for the isomers in the space provided below.

6. Build a model of butyne, and draw the Structural formula below.

PART II – NAMING MOLECULES WITH BRANCHES AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

If you noticed with the simple alkanes we have been working with – it gets really difficult to tell if we have duplicates of the same isomer because people draw them differently on paper, when they may actually be the same in 3-D. To solve this dilemma – there is an IUPAC system of naming that we use for anything with a “branch” or a functional group. Here’s how it works:

▪ Determine the longest continuous carbon chain – this determines the prefix (eth, prop etc.)

▪ Locate the functional group – this means anything but the C’’s and H’s on your longest chain (double or triple bonds, branches of CH3’s, or any other group… anything remotely funky)

▪ Number the Carbon atoms of the longest chain, starting with the Carbon closest to the funkiness

▪ Tell everyone where the funkiness occurs by telling which Carbon in the chain the functional group is attached.

Example: The molecule below is named 2-methyl pentane

1. Name the isomers of butene that you created from question 5 in PART I.

PART III – OTHER FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

1. Build as many DIFFERENT molecules as you can from the following 9 atoms:

2 carbon atoms (each with 4 single bonds)

6 hydrogen atoms (each forming one single bond)

1 oxygen atom

2. Write the structural formula for the different molecules you created below.

3. Assign a name to each of your molecules you created in question 2 above.

QUESTIONS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE!!

QUESTIONS

1. Write the correct structural formula for 2-butyne below.

2. For the molecules below perform the following:

Put a red circle around an alcohol functional groups

Put an orange circle around any ester functional groups

Put a yellow circle around any carboxylic acid functional groups

Put a green circle around any amine groups

Put a blue circle around any ketone groups

Put a purple circle around any aromatic groups

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