Nanoscale Advances

[Pages:13]Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale Advances. This journal is ? The Royal Society of ChePmleiassterydo20n1ot9adjust margins

Nanoscale Advances

Supplementary Information

Hydrochromic carbon dots as smart sensors for water sensing in organic solvents

Anitha Senthamizhan*a, Despina Fragouli*a, Brabu Balusamyb, Bhushan Patilc, Milan Paleie, Stefania Sabellab, Tamer Uyarc,d and Athanassia Athanassiou*a

a.Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy. anitha.senthamizhan@iit.it, dranitha35@, despina.fragouli@iit.it, athanassia.athanassiou@iit.it

b.Nanoregulatory Platform, PharmaChemistry, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy c. Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey d.Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA e. Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy

This journal is ? The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xx

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Table of contents

Journal Name

Figure No

Description

S1

Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the carbon dots

Page No

3

S2

XPS survey spectra of carbon dots

4

S3

XRD spectra of carbon dots

5

S4

Representative 2D excitation-emission contour map of carbon dots

6

S5

Biocompatibility studies of carbon dots

7

S6

Visual colorimetric changes in the emission of CD1 in THF upon addition of water 8

S7

Visual colorimetric changes in the emission of CD1 in THF upon addition of pure THF 8

S8

Selective water sensing performance of CD1/THF

9

S9

Time-resolved photoluminescence decay curves

9

S10

Excitation-emission contour maps of carbon dots in IPA and hydrated IPA

10

S11

Colorimetric sensing performance of hydrated Isopropyl alcohol

11

Supplementary Table

Supplementary Table 1: Comparison of the carbon dot based photoluminescent water sensor with other works.

Supplementary Movie

Supplementary Movie 1: Demonstration of water sensing performance. An immediate distinguishable color change of CD1 is noticed upon exposure to water.

Supplementary Movie 2: Demonstration of selective water sensing performance. The IPA, as an example of polar protic solvent is introduced into CD1/THF (2 mL) to evaluate the selective sensing response towards water. There is no significant change in the emission color of the CD1.

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Journal Name

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ARTICLE

Fig. S1 Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the carbon dots.

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Journal Name

Fig. S2 XPS survey spectra of carbon dots (a) and the table (b) containing atomic concentration of present elements (%).

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Journal Name

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CD5

ARTICLE

CD4

Intensity(a.u.)

CD3 CD2

CD1

12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 2 Theta (degree)

Fig. S3 XRD spectra of carbon dots.

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Journal Name

Fig. S4 Representative 2D excitation-emission contour map of carbon dots (a) CD1 (b) CD2 (c) CD3 (d) CD4 and (e) CD5.

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ARTICLE

(a)

Cell Viability (%)

160 140 120 100

80 60 40 20

0 Control CD1

24h

48h

CD2 CD3 CD4

CD5

Cell Viability (%)

(b) 160

140 120 100

80 60 40 20

0 Control CD1

24h

48h

CD2 CD3 CD4

CD5

(c)

DCF Intensity (%)

220 200

24h

48h

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Cont5roml M H2O2

CD1

CD2

CD3

CD4

CD5

(d) 220

200

24h

48h

DCF Intensity (%)

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Cont5roml M H2O2

CD1

CD2

CD3

CD4

CD5

Fig. S5 Biocompatibility studies of carbon dots. Cellular effects of carbon dots in Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cells using WST-1 cell viability and H2DCF-DA assay at 100 g/mL (a&c) and 250 g/mL (b&d). Error bars depict ? standard error of the mean for n=3.

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Control

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H2O

Journal Name

Fig. S6 Visual colorimetric changes in the emission of CD1 in THF upon addition of water under UV light (max-365 nm).

Fig. S7 Visual colorimetric changes in the emission of CD1 in THF upon addition of pure THF under UV light (max365 nm).

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