EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

[Pages:162]EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

Final Report June 2008

Prepared by:

University of California San Francisco Center for the Health Professions

Susan A. Chapman, Ph.D., R.N. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing Director of Allied Health Workforce Studies, Center for the Health Professions

Vanessa Lindler, M.A. Senior Research Associate

Jennifer A. Kaiser, B.A. Program Analyst

Christine S. Nielsen, B.A. Program Analyst

Timothy Bates, M.P.P. Research Analyst

Laurie Hailer-O'Keefe, M.A. Statistician

University of Washington Center for Health Workforce Studies Department of Family Medicine

Susan M. Skillman, M.S. Deputy Director

Davis G. Patterson, Ph.D. Research Associate

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Office of Emergency Medical Services

Drew Dawson Director

Gamunu Wijetunge, NREMT-P EMS Specialist

EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

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Steering Committee

John Becknell

Roger Levine, Ph.D.

Gregg Margolis, Ph.D., NREMT-P

Richard Patrick

Jane Smith, NREMT-P

Ellen Weber, M.D.

Ed Wetzel

Funded by:

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Office of Emergency Medical Services Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Emergency Medical Services for

Children (EMS-C) Program

Acknowledgements:

Wendy Dyer

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EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................7

I. Introduction: A Workforce Analysis of EMTs and Paramedics........................................13

Emergency Medical Services Workforce for the 21st Century Models of Workforce Analysis

Workforce Supply Workforce Demand Workforce Need Shortages in the Healthcare Workforce Defining the EMS Workforce Defining the Rural Workforce What Is Rural?

II. Methods and Data Sources ................................................................................................23

Project Advisory Groups Literature Review Qualitative Approaches

Key Informant Interviews Field Observation Discussion Blog Quantitative Approaches Sources Used in Secondary Data Analysis United States Census Bureau ? Population Estimates Program United States Census Bureau ? Population Projections Program Bureau of Labor Statistics ? Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Survey Bureau of Labor Statistics ? Current Population Survey Bureau of Labor Statistics ? Occupational Employment Projections Consumer Price Indexes (CPI) Program American Medical Association ? Health Professions Career and Education Directory & Data Book Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) Longitudinal EMT Attributes and Demographics Study (LEADS) National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) NCSEMSTC Survey of State Training Coordinators Matrix of Data Sources

III. The Supply of EMTs and Paramedics .............................................................................30

Demographic Characteristics Workforce Size Description of the Current Labor Market Workforce Supply

Rural Workforce Supply Tribal Workforce Supply Volunteer Workforce Supply

EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

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Estimating the Size of the Volunteer EMS Workforce

National Emergency Medical Services Information System

Future Supply - The Educational Pipeline EMS Education in the United States A Systems Approach to EMS Education Accreditation of EMS Education Programs How Many EMT and Paramedic Programs Are There? NCSEMSTC Survey of State Training Coordinators Program Graduates and Awards

Graduates by Type of Award

Demographic Characteristics of EMT/Paramedic Graduates

Credentialing: Certification, Registration, and Licensure Certification: Process and Requirements The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT)

NREMT Requirements Definition of Licensure State Credentialing and Licensure Requirements

Recruitment and Retention of EMTs and Paramedics Recruitment and Retention in Rural Areas Recruitment and Retention of Volunteers

Key Informant Perspectives on Supply Public Perception of EMS Worker Compensation: Pay and Benefits Recruitment Programs Workforce Diversity

Rural Key Informant Perspectives on Supply Rural Recruitment Issues Rural Workforce Diversity

IV. Demand and Need for EMS Worers ................................................................................63

Wages and Compensation

Key Informant Perspectives on Demand Burnout among EMTs and Paramedics Quality of Medical Direction and Continuing Education Personal Safety of EMTs and Paramedics Career Ladders

Retention in Rural Areas Stress in Rural EMS Continuing Education Quality of Management EMS financing

Key Informant Perspectives on Workforce Need

Worker Satisfaction NREMT Reregistration Surveys LEADS Survey Analyses

Insurance Coverage

Core Survey

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EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

Future Demand: Workforce Projections V. Key Findings and Critical Policy Issues ............................................................................88

Key Findings Critical Policy Issues VI. Conclusion.........................................................................................................................92

Appendices ..............................................................................................................................93

Cited References....................................................................................................................151

EMS Workforce for the 21st Century: A National Assessment

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