SESSIONAL PAPER NO. 1 OF 2019

[Pages:232]REPUBLIC OF KENYA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

SESSIONAL PAPER NO. 1 OF 2019

on A Policy Framework

for Reforming Education and Training for

Sustainable Development in Kenya

Towards Realizing Quality, Relevant and Inclusive Education and Training for Sustainable Development

PRINTED BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, NAIROBI

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SESSIONAL PAPER NO. 1 OF 2019

on

A Policy Framework

for

Reforming Education and Training for Sustainable Development in Kenya

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................vii DEFINITION OF TERMS ....................................xiii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................ xvii LIST OF TABLES ............................................. xviii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................... 1

Background to Education and Training Sector in Kenya ........................................... 1 Basic Education .......................................... 3 Tertiary Education and Training .................. 4 Technical Vocational Education and Training 5 Teacher and Trainer Education and Development ............................................... 6 University Education ................................... 8 Evolution of Policy on Education and Training....................................................... 8 Articles in the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 Relevant to Education and Training........... 10 Devolution and Decentralization of Education and Training.............................................. 13 Resource Allocation ................................... 13 Management of Education and Training .... 14 Early Learning and Basic Education.......... 14 Vocational and Technical Training............. 15 University Education ................................. 17 Post Training and Skills Development........ 18 Teachers Service Commission.................... 16 Growth of the Education and Training Sector18 Infrastructure............................................ 18 Basic Education ........................................ 19

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Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector .......................................... 19 University Sector ....................................... 20 Kenya National Qualifications Framework 21 Rationale for this Sessional Paper.............. 22 CHAPTER 2 THE MACROECONOMIC AND

DEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT ............. 24 Demographic, Macroeconomic and Public Finance Context ........................................ 24 Public Resources and Spending ................. 26 Social and Humanitarian Context.............. 27 Education Financing ................................. 28 Per Capita Spending in Education ............. 32 Education Spending by Functional Classification............................................. 33 Education Spending by Economic Classification............................................ 36 Recurrent Costs Per Pupil/Student ........... 38 CHAPTER 3 PHILOSOPHY, VISION, MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING ................................................. 41 Philosophy of Education ............................ 41 Vision of Education and Training .............. 41 Mission of Education and Training ............ 41 Objectives of Education and Training ........ 42 Guiding Principles ..................................... 43 National Goals of Education ...................... 43 Core Values ............................................... 43 Education Structure in Kenya ................... 44 Proposed Education Structure ................... 50

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CHAPTER 4 ENHANCING ACCESS, EQUITY, QUALITY AND RELEVANCE ...... 53

Objectives of Education and Training at Different Levels.......................................... 54 Secondary Education................................. 55 Adult and Continuing Education .............. 56 Special Needs Education and Training....... 57 Alternative Provision of Basic Education and Training..................................................... 57 Teacher Education .................................... 59 Technical Vocation Education and Training... University Education ................................. 61 Status of Access, Equity, Quality and Relevance in Education and Training ........ 62 Pre-Primary ............................................... 62 Primary Education .................................... 65 Secondary Education................................. 70 Special Needs Education and Training....... 74 Adult and Continuing Education ............... 77 Basic Education and Post-Literacy Programmes .............................................. 78 Continuing and Special Education Programmes .............................................. 78 Community Education and Empowerment 79 Hard to Reach and Vulnerable Groups ...... 82 Technical and Vocational Education and Training..................................................... 84 University Education ................................. 87 Relevance of the Curriculum ..................... 96 Curriculum Content .................................. 98 Assessment and Examinations ................ 102

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Quality Assurance and Standards (QAS).. 104

Mentoring, Molding and Nurturing of National Values ....................................... 107

Quality and Relevance in TVET................ 110

Competency Based Modular Curriculum Framework .............................................. 113

Skills Curriculum and Instruction Design and Assessment in TVET ......................... 115

Centres of Excellence............................... 118

Re-Branding Technical, Vocational Education and Training............................................ 120

University Education .............................. 122

CHAPTER 5 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 127

Integration

of

Information

and

Communication Technology..................... 127

Leadership and Management................... 131

Early Childhood Development, Primary, Secondary and Teacher Training education132

Professional Development ........................ 132

Curriculum and Assessment ................... 132

ICT Infrastructure and Deployment ......... 133

Adult and Continuing Education (ACE) ... 135

Technical and Vocational Education and Training................................................... 135

University Education ............................... 136

Special Needs Education and Training..... 137

Marginalized and Vulnerable Groups....... 138

Open and Distance e Learning (ODeL) ..... 139

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