The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S ...

The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S.

Department of Justice and prepared the following final report:

Document Title:

A National Overview of Prostitution and Sex

Trafficking Demand Reduction Efforts, Final

Report

Author:

Michael Shively, Ph.D., Kristina Kliorys, Kristin

Wheeler, Dana Hunt, Ph.D.

Document No.:

238796

Date Received:

June 2012

Award Number:

2008-IJ-CX-0010

This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice.

To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federallyfunded grant final report available electronically in addition to

traditional paper copies.

Opinions or points of view expressed are those

of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect

the official position or policies of the U.S.

Department of Justice.

A National

Overview of

Prostitution and

Sex Trafficking

Demand Reduction

Efforts

Final Report

Grant # 2008-IJ-CX-0010

April 30, 2012

Prepared for:

The National Institute of

Justice

Office of Justice Programs,

U.S. Department of Justice

810 Seventh Street, NW

Washington, D.C. 20531

Submitted by:

Michael Shively, Ph.D.

Kristina Kliorys

Kristin Wheeler

Dana Hunt, Ph.D.

Abt Associates Inc.

55 Wheeler St.

Cambridge, MA 02138

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

National Overview of Demand Reduction Efforts

Grant #2008-IJ-CX-0010

A National Overview of Sex Trafficking and Prostitution Demand Reduction

Efforts

Table of Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. i

Project Background and Objectives .............................................................................................. i

Purpose and Structure of this Report ............................................................................................ i

Data Collection ............................................................................................................................ ii

Key Findings ............................................................................................................................... iv

Findings from Literature Review ..................................................................................... iv

Findings from National Assessment Data Collection ..................................................... viii

History of Demand Reduction Approaches Pursued in the U.S. ....................................... x

Key Innovations............................................................................................................... xii

Costs of Interventions ..................................................................................................... xiv

Need for Improved Access to Information ...................................................................... xv

Other Key Findings ........................................................................................................ xvi

Additional Information Available on .............................................. xvi

Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................... xvii

1.

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1

2.

Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, and Demand ............................................................................. 3

Illegal Commercial Sex Markets.................................................................................................. 5

Demand: Men¡¯s Decisions to Buy Sex ............................................................................. 6

Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, and Harm ...................................................................................... 9

Stratification of the Commercial Sex Industry ................................................................ 10

Human Trafficking and Prostitution ................................................................................ 11

Vulnerable Women and Girls Drawn Into Prostitution ................................................... 11

Impact on ¡°Providers¡± ..................................................................................................... 12

Impact on ¡°Consumers¡±................................................................................................... 15

Impact on Communities................................................................................................... 16

Abt Associates Inc.

Contents ¨„pg. i

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

National Overview of Demand Reduction Efforts

Grant #2008-IJ-CX-0010

Burden on Law Enforcement and Other Public Services ................................................ 17

Challenges in Constraining Supply & Distribution ................................................................... 18

3.

Tactics Used to Combat Demand in the United States ......................................................... 21

A Typology of Demand Reduction Programs and Practices...................................................... 21

The Prevalence and First Known Use of Demand Reduction Tactics in the United States ....... 24

Public Education & Awareness Programs ................................................................................. 29

Reverse Stings ............................................................................................................................ 37

Street-Level Reverse Stings............................................................................................. 37

Web-Based Reverse Stings .............................................................................................. 47

Shaming ..................................................................................................................................... 48

¡°Dear John¡± Letters.................................................................................................................... 53

Vehicle Seizure .......................................................................................................................... 55

Driver¡¯s License Suspension ...................................................................................................... 57

Geographic Restraining (¡°SOAP¡±) Orders ................................................................................ 57

Neighborhood Action................................................................................................................. 58

Surveillance Cameras................................................................................................................. 60

Community Service ................................................................................................................... 60

John Schools .............................................................................................................................. 61

Generic John School Logic Model .................................................................................. 62

Targeting the Educational Intervention ........................................................................... 63

Prevalence of John School Programs .............................................................................. 64

Community Impact Panels............................................................................................... 69

John School Curriculum Items ........................................................................................ 70

Common Misconceptions about John Schools ................................................................ 72

Additional Observations about John Schools .................................................................. 76

4.

Discussion.................................................................................................................................. 78

Description versus Evaluation ................................................................................................... 78

Demand-Reduction is Primary Prevention................................................................................. 78

Abt Associates Inc.

Contents ¨„pg. ii

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

National Overview of Demand Reduction Efforts

Grant #2008-IJ-CX-0010

Combating Demand: Major Needs and Opportunities ............................................................... 80

Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 84

Appendix A:

Bibliography

Appendix B:

Research Method

Appendix C:

Data Collection Instruments

Appendix D:

Prostitution, Sex Trafficking, and the Military

Appendix E:

Summary of Demand Tactics Employed in Each City and County

Appendix F:

Sample ¡°Dear John Letters¡± from Raleigh

Appendix G:

Portland Prostitution Exclusion Zone Ordinance

Appendix H:

Documents from Indianapolis/Marion County ¡°Red Zone¡± Program

Appendix I:

Summary of John School Program Traits

Appendix J:

Organizations Addressing Demand and Supporting Survivors

Abt Associates Inc.

Contents ¨„pg. iii

This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not

been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)

and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download