1. The Black Legend, Native Americans, and Spaniards ...



Period Packets – Period 1: 1491 – 1607Included in Each Period Packet:Key Concepts – an overview of what you need to knowMain Themes – how the seven themes of the course apply to this periodVocabulary – important terms, people, places, etc.Chapter Reading Guide – pretty straight forward…Crash Course Guide – video guide to watch (they will be amazingly helpful)Review Concept Chart – how to get ready for the test.PERIOD 1: 1491-1607 - Key ConceptsOn a North American continent controlled by American Indians, contact among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, andWest Africa created a new world. Key Concept 1: Before the arrival of Europeans, native populations in North America developed a wide variety of social,political and economic structures based in part on interactions with the environment and each other. I.As settlers migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed quite different and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments. The spread of maize cultivation from present-day Mexico northward into the American Southwest and beyond supported economic development and social diversification among societies in these areas; a mix of foraging and hunting did the same for societies in the Northwest and areas of California. Societies responded to the lack of natural resources in the Great Basin and the western Great Plains by developing largely mobile lifestyles. In the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard some societies developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherereconomy that favored the development of permanent villages. Key Concept 2: European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions andadaptations between societies across the Atlantic. I.The arrival of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere in the 15th and 16th centuries triggered?extensive demographic and social changes on both sides of the Atlantic. Spanish and Portuguese exploration and conquest of the Americas led to widespread deadly epidemics, the emergence of racially mixed populations, and a caste system defined by an intermixture among Spanish settlers, Africans and Native Americans. Spanish and Portuguese traders reached West Africa and partnered with some African groups to exploit local resources and recruit slave labor for the Americas. The introduction of new crops and livestock by the Spanish had far-reaching effects on native settlement patterns, as well as on economic, social and political development in the Western Hemisphere. In the economies of the Spanish colonies, Indian labor, used in the encomienda system to support plantation-basedagriculture and extract precious metals and other resources, was gradually replaced by African slavery. European expansion into the Western Hemisphere caused intense social/religious, political and economic competition?in Europe and the promotion of empire building. European exploration and conquest were fueled by a?desire for new sources of wealth, increased power and status, and?converts to Christianity. New crops from the Americas stimulated European population growth while new sources of mineral wealth facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism. Improvements in technology and more organized methods for conducting international trade helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas.Key Concept 3: Contacts among American Indians, Africans and Europeans challenged the worldviews of each group. European overseas expansion and sustained contacts with Africans and American Indians dramatically altered European views of social, political and economic relationships among and between white and nonwhite peoples. With little experience dealing with people who were different from themselves, Spanish and Portuguese explorers poorly understood the native peoples they encountered in the Americas, leading to debates over how American Indians should be treated and how “civilized” these groups were compared to European standards. Many Europeans developed a belief in white superiority to justify their subjugation of Africans and American Indians, using several different rationales. Native peoples and Africans in the Americas strove to maintain their political and cultural autonomy in the face of European challenges to their independence and core beliefs. European attempts to change American Indian beliefs and worldviews on basic social issues such as religion, gender roles and the family, and the relationship of people with the natural environment led to American Indian resistance and conflict. In spite of slavery, Africans’ cultural and linguistic adaptations to the Western Hemisphere resulted in varying degrees of cultural preservation and autonomy.PERIOD 1: 1491-1607 - Main ThemesThemesApplied to this periodIdentityEuropean Culture vs. Indigenous populationsWork, Exchange, and TechnologySlave Trade, Triangular Trade, Guns, SailingPeoplingSpanish Colonial Class System, EncomiendasPolitics and PowerMercantilism, Monarchial Control, “land = power”America in the WorldGlobal Age, Role of the Columbian ExchangeEnvironment and GeographyEconomic growth vs. Human/Environmental ExploitationIdeas, Beliefs, and CultureCultural Diffusion from Columbian ExchangePERIOD 1: 1491-1607 - VocabularyFor each packet, you must define and EXPLAIN THE CONTEXTUAL SIGNIFNICANCE of each term below. These may or may not be in the book. Use other resources (online) to accomplish this if necessary.maize cultivationGreat BasinGreat Plains hunter-gatherer economyagricultural economypermanent villages Western HemisphereSpanish explorationPortuguese exploration West Africaencomienda systemslave labor plantation-based agricultureempire buildingfeudalism capitalismwhite superioritypolitical autonomy cultural autonomyPERIOD 1: 1491-1607 - Reading Guide (Chapter One)In 1 clear, concise sentence summarize the main idea of “The Shaping of North America.”Describe the “land-bridge” pare and contrast the Native American people in North America with the Native American people in South America. Be sure to mention specific civilizations, tribe names and leaders. ( a chart or bulleted list will work)In 2 clear, concise sentences summarize “Indirect Discoveries of the New World.”Explain how and why the Portuguese entered and interacted with Africa.In 1 clear, concise sentence summarize “Columbus Comes upon a New World.”Describe or draw a diagram that illustrates the Columbian Exchange.Explain the historical significance of the 6 Spanish explorers shown on the map on page 17.In 1 sentence, describe ecomienda.Describe how the Spanish interacted with the Native people.What is the significance of St. Augustine?Describe and explain the significance of the Spanish settlements in the American southwest.What are the 5 main points/themes of this chapter?PERIOD 1: 1491-1607 - Crash Course Videos For each period, watch the following videos. Answer the following questions.1. The Black Legend, Native Americans, and Spaniards: Crash Course US History #1URL: or False: Pre-Colombian American was made up of classical style civilizations. 2-Describe the differences between North America and Europe.3- How many people where estimated to be living in North America? 4-What happened to that number? Why? 5-What dominated the Native American groups, regarding where they lived?West Coast: Great Plains: 6-What was the Great League of Peace? 7-How was land viewed? 8-Who were the first Europeans to explore the Americas? 9-How did Spanish exploration make it easier for other European nations to colonize? 10-Why did the Spanish want to colonize Florida? 11-Was Spain successful with the present day Florida area? 12- Where did Spain establish its first permanent settlement in the Southwest?- 13-Where was the first large scale uprising by Native Americans against Europeans? 14-What was the impact of the uprising? 15-According to the Mystery document by Bartolome de Las Casas, how were the Spaniards treating the Indians? 16- What is the Black Legend? 17- Who’s perspective did you learn about? Who’s do you not have and why?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------After viewing questions:Why is perspective important?How was North America impacted by the exploration and colonization by European nations?PERIOD 1: 1491-1607 - Theme Chart Review Identify what is happening in each of the seven themes in this period. Descriptions should not be more than two sentences. Recognize that certain themes will be more prominent in certain time periods than in others.IdentityIdentify - Details, events, people, places, etc. Descriptions – The Big PictureWork, Exchange, TechnologyPeoplingPolitics and PowerAmerica in the WorldEnvironment and GeographyIdeas, Beliefs, and Culture ................
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